Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Revelation (Punjabi Destination Language Package)
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. Terms marked [BASELINE] carry the exact recorded Punjabi rendering from the baseline package and MUST be reused unchanged. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed for this curriculum and require the same Critical/High/Medium/Low risk-tier conventions and human-review routing as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Risk tiers follow baseline definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision; automated review sufficient.
1. Titles of God and Christ
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Punjabi | Risk | Status | Notes / Forbidden Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ | Critical | [BASELINE] | Never ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ or ਭਗਵਾਨ. |
| Lord | κύριος | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ | Critical | [BASELINE] | Never ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ or ਮਾਲਕ. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ਯਿਸੂ | Critical | [BASELINE] | Never ਈਸਾ. |
| Messiah/Christ | Χριστός | ਮਸੀਹ | Critical | [BASELINE] | — |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ | Critical | [BASELINE] | Full phrase required. |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου | ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ | Critical | [NEW] | Distinct Danielic title; do not conflate with or substitute for Son of God. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ | Critical | [BASELINE] | Never ਬ੍ਰਹਮ or ਜੋਤ. |
| Seven Spirits (of God) | ἑπτὰ πνεύματα | ਸੱਤ ਆਤਮੇ | High | [NEW] | Symbolic fullness of the one Holy Spirit; explicitly not seven spirit-beings. |
| Father | πατήρ | ਪਿਤਾ | Critical | [BASELINE] | — |
| Almighty | παντοκράτωρ | ਸਰਬ ਸ਼ਕਤੀਮਾਨ (pending decision) / proposed ਸਰਬ ਸਮਰੱਥ | Critical | [NEW — unresolved, flag for theologian] | Tension with baseline’s rejection of ਸ਼ਕਤੀ (Hindu Shakti-power association) for “power of God.” Must be resolved once, consistently, before Phase 2. |
| Alpha and Omega / Beginning and End | Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ / ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος | ਅਲਫ਼ਾ ਅਤੇ ਓਮੇਗਾ + gloss ਆਰੰਭ ਅਤੇ ਅੰਤ | Critical | [NEW] | Mandatory explanatory gloss every occurrence (model: baseline’s ਅੱਬਾ gloss). Applied to both Father and Christ — a deity-of-Christ marker. |
| First and Last | πρῶτος καὶ ἔσχατος | ਪਹਿਲਾ ਅਤੇ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ | Critical | [NEW] | Reuses Alpha/Omega logic. |
| Lion of the tribe of Judah | ὁ λέων ὁ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα | ਯਹੂਦਾਹ ਦੇ ਕਬੀਲੇ ਦਾ ਸ਼ੇਰ | Critical | [NEW] | Use ਸ਼ੇਰ only. NEVER ਸਿੰਘ (Khalsa surname/identity marker) or ਬੱਬਰ (Babbar Khalsa association). |
| Root/Offspring of David | ῥίζα Δαυίδ | ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਜੜ੍ਹ ਅਤੇ ਸੰਤਾਨ | High | [NEW] | Extends baseline’s ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਅੰਸ (seed of David) family. |
| Lamb | ἀρνίον | ਲੇਲਾ | Critical | [NEW] | Unites sacrificial death and reigning kingship — hold both together in every occurrence. |
| Faithful and True | πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός | ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਸੱਚੇ | High | [NEW] | Do not collapse into ਨਿਹਚਾ (believer’s faith); this is God’s/Christ’s own trustworthiness. |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων | ਰਾਜਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਰਾਜਾ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਭੂਆਂ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ | Critical | [NEW] | Reuses baseline ਪ੍ਰਭੂ. |
| Word of God (of Christ) | ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ | ਬਚਨ | Critical | [NEW — highest-priority finding] | NEVER ਸ਼ਬਦ. ਸ਼ਬਦ names the Sikh Shabad-Guru doctrine (“Shabad hī Guru hai”); using it for Christ’s Logos-title would conflate Christ’s identity with that revelation structure. Use ਬਚਨ exclusively. |
2. Salvation, Judgment, and Eschatology
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Punjabi | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salvation | σωτηρία | ਮੁਕਤੀ | Critical | [BASELINE] | Mandatory Sikh/Christian mukti-distinction gloss on every load-bearing occurrence. |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις | ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ | Critical | [BASELINE] | Never ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ/ਆਵਾਗਵਣ. |
| First resurrection | ἀνάστασις πρώτη | ਪਹਿਲਾ ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ | Critical | [NEW, baseline term reused] | Teach explicitly as a two-stage once-for-all sequence, not a repeating cycle. |
| Second death | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | ਦੂਜੀ ਮੌਤ | Medium | [NEW] | No Sikh/Hindu conceptual parallel; comprehension-gap risk, not syncretism risk. |
| Lake of fire and sulfur | λίμνη τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ θείου | ਅੱਗ ਅਤੇ ਗੰਧਕ ਦੀ ਝੀਲ | High | [NEW] | NEVER ਨਰਕ (implies temporary/purgatorial Hindu-Sikh hell-realm within samsara). |
| Book of life | τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | ਜੀਵਨ ਦੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ | High | [NEW] | Prefer ਕਿਤਾਬ over ਪੋਥੀ (avoid scriptural-manuscript resonance of ਪੋਥੀ). |
| Great white throne | θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας | ਵੱਡਾ ਚਿੱਟਾ ਤਖ਼ਤ | High | [NEW] | See “throne” entry below. |
| Thousand years / millennium | χίλια ἔτη | ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਸਾਲ | High | [NEW] | Preserve interpretive neutrality across millennial views. |
| Wrath of the Lamb | ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου | ਲੇਲੇ ਦਾ ਗੁੱਸਾ | High | [NEW] | Paradox of sacrificial Lamb + judicial wrath; must not soften. |
| Book of life / seal / mark of the beast | σφραγίς / χάραγμα | ਮੋਹਰ (seal) vs. ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ/ਮੋਹਰ (mark) | Critical | [NEW] | NEVER ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ for either (Nishan Sahib collision). Keep God’s seal and the beast’s mark lexically distinct. |
| New heaven and new earth | καινὸς οὐρανὸς καὶ καινὴ γῆ | ਨਵਾਂ ਸਵਰਗ ਅਤੇ ਨਵੀਂ ਧਰਤੀ | Medium | [NEW] | ਸਵਰਗ carries svarga-loka (temporary heavenly plane) associations; teach as final, qualitative, non-cyclical re-creation. |
3. Church, Bride, and Worship
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Punjabi | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Church | ἐκκλησία | ਮੰਡਲੀ | Medium | [BASELINE] | Never ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ/ਮੰਦਰ. |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ | High | [BASELINE] | Never ਸੰਤ. |
| Bride (of the Lamb) | νύμφη (τοῦ ἀρνίου) | ਲਾੜੀ | Medium | [NEW — Opportunity] | Natural fit with Punjabi wedding culture; keep referent exclusively the redeemed Church. |
| Marriage supper of the Lamb | γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | ਲੇਲੇ ਦਾ ਵਿਆਹ ਦਾ ਭੋਜ | Medium-High | [NEW — Opportunity] | Strong cultural resonance; guard exclusivity of the Bride’s identity. |
| Worship | προσκυνέω | ਆਰਾਧਨਾ (true worship) vs. ਪੂਜਾ (false worship of beast/idols) | Critical | [NEW — flagged for theologian decision] | Deliberate two-word split proposed to sharpen the God/beast contrast for this audience; confirm before Phase 2. |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία | ਸੰਗਤ | Low | [BASELINE] | Positive bridge term; reuse generously in ch. 1-3, 21-22 fellowship contexts. |
| Serve/worship (eternal service) | λατρεύω | ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰਨਾ | Medium | [NEW] | Anchor explicitly to worship of the Lamb; do not leave as generic Sikh-style seva. |
| No temple (God/Lamb are the temple) | ναός | ਹੈਕਲ | Medium | [NEW] | Frame as fulfillment of unmediated access, not polemic against any institution. |
| Dwelling / tabernacle (of God) | σκηνή / σκηνόω | ਨਿਵਾਸ / ਵਾਸ ਕਰਨਾ | High | [NEW] | NEVER ਡੇਰਾ (Sant-dera institutional collision). |
4. Divine Sovereignty, Kingdom, and Reign
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Punjabi | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Throne | θρόνος | ਤਖ਼ਤ | High | [NEW] | Collision with Akal Takht / ਗੁਰਗੱਦੀ (Guru-succession seat); frame as eternal, non-transferable sovereignty. |
| Kingdom of God/Christ | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ/Χριστοῦ | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ | High (elevated from baseline Medium) | [BASELINE, elevated] | Revelation’s literal consummated-kingdom emphasis intensifies the baseline’s Khalsa-Raj political-sovereignty caution. |
| Great tribulation | θλῖψις μεγάλη | ਵੱਡਾ ਕਸ਼ਟ | Medium | [NEW] | — |
| “I am coming quickly” | ἔρχομαι ταχύ | ਮੈਂ ਛੇਤੀ ਆ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ | Medium | [NEW] | Preserve imminence/certainty without over-specifying timetable. |
5. Symbolic / Apocalyptic Figures
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Punjabi | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dragon | δράκων | ਅਜਗਰ | High | [NEW] | Mythic-monster term; avoid conflation with Nag-veneration traditions. |
| Ancient serpent | ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος | ਪੁਰਾਣਾ ਸੱਪ | High | [NEW] | Same Nag-devta caution; frame explicitly as Satan, never revered. |
| Beast (sea/earth) | θηρίον | ਦਰਿੰਦਾ | Medium | [NEW] | Symbol of anti-Christian power, not literal creature. |
| Abyss / bottomless pit | ἄβυσσος | ਅਥਾਹ ਕੁੰਡ | Medium | [NEW] | Never ਪਾਤਾਲ (Puranic netherworld cosmology). |
| Hades | ᾅδης | ਹੇਡੀਜ਼ (transliterated) / ਮੌਤ ਦਾ ਸਥਾਨ | Medium-High | [NEW] | Never ਪਾਤਾਲ, same reasoning as abyss. |
| Babylon the great | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | ਬਾਬਲ ਮਹਾਨ | Medium-High | [NEW] | Symbol for a corrupt world-system; never applied to a specific contemporary community. |
| Armageddon | Ἁρμαγεδών | ਹਰ-ਮਗੀਦੋਨ | Low | [NEW] | Transliterated proper noun with gloss. |
| Gog and Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | ਗੋਗ ਅਤੇ ਮਾਗੋਗ | Low | [NEW] | Transliterated proper nouns, OT-background gloss needed. |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς | ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ | Low | [NEW] | Established shared Perso-Arabic loanword; unambiguous. |
6. Perseverance and Testimony
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Punjabi | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overcome / conquer | νικάω | ਜਿੱਤਣਾ / ਜਿੱਤ | High | [NEW] | NEVER ਫ਼ਤਹਿ (Khalsa martial-victory greeting term). Anchor victory to the Lamb’s blood and testimony (12:11), never to martial struggle. |
| Witness / testimony | μαρτυρία | ਗਵਾਹੀ | High | [NEW] | — |
| Witness (person) | μάρτυς | ਗਵਾਹ / ਸ਼ਹੀਦ (if killed for testimony) | High | [NEW — Opportunity with caution] | ਸ਼ਹੀਦ carries deep positive Sikh cultural resonance (Sikh Shaheeds) but often implies armed/martial resistance; mandatory gloss distinguishing non-violent, Lamb-centered martyrdom. |
| Testimony of Jesus | μαρτυρία Ἰησοῦ | ਯਿਸੂ ਦੀ ਗਵਾਹੀ | High | [NEW] | Opens the book (1:2); frames the whole curriculum’s persecution theme. |
7. Creation, Renewal, and Consummation (Core Passage Terms)
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Punjabi | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New (qualitative) | καινός | ਨਵਾਂ/ਨਵੀਂ | Low | [NEW] | Qualitative newness, not merely another cycle. |
| Heaven | οὐρανός | ਸਵਰਗ | Medium | [NEW] | Svarga-loka collision; final and non-cyclical, unlike Hindu cosmological svarga. |
| Holy city / New Jerusalem | ἁγία πόλις / Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ / ਨਵਾਂ ਯਰੂਸ਼ਲਮ | Medium | [NEW, reuses BASELINE ਪਵਿੱਤਰ] | Requires OT-covenant background teaching. |
| Water of life | ὕδωρ ζωῆς | ਜੀਵਨ ਦਾ ਜਲ | High | [NEW] | NEVER ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ (Sikh Amrit Sanchar initiation-rite collision). |
| Freely / without cost | δωρεάν | ਮੁਫ਼ਤ | Medium | [NEW] | Reinforces baseline grace-not-merit theology. |
| Tree of life | ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | ਜੀਵਨ ਦਾ ਰੁੱਖ | Medium | [NEW] | Frame as Edenic-restoration, not sacred-tree veneration. |
| Inheritance / heritage | κληρονομία | ਵਿਰਸਾ | Medium | [NEW] | Connects to baseline adoption (ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ) full-inheritance-rights framing. |
| Curse (removed) | κατάρα | ਸਰਾਪ | Low | [NEW] | — |
| Vice list: idolaters | εἰδωλολάτραι | ਮੂਰਤੀ ਪੂਜਕ | High | [NEW] | Handle as biblical category, never contemporary polemic given Hindu-minority audience. |
| Vice list: sorcerers | φαρμακοί | ਜਾਦੂਗਰ | Low-Medium | [NEW] | — |
| Vice list: faithless | ἄπιστοι | ਬੇਨਿਹਚਾ | Medium | [NEW, extends BASELINE ਨਿਹਚਾ] | Keep as explicit negative of the baseline faith-term. |
8. Proper Names (Established Forms, Low Risk)
| English | Greek | Punjabi | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| John | Ἰωάννης | ਯੂਹੰਨਾ | [NEW, established Punjabi Bible form] |
| Michael | Μιχαήλ | ਮੀਕਾਏਲ | [NEW] |
| David | Δαυίδ | ਦਾਊਦ | [BASELINE] |
| Moses | Μωϋσῆς | ਮੂਸਾ | Established (per baseline instructions doc §Transliteration Standards) |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | ਇਸਰਾਏਲ | [BASELINE] |
| Jerusalem | Ἰερουσαλήμ | ਯਰੂਸ਼ਲਮ | [NEW, established Punjabi Bible form] |
| Babylon | Βαβυλών | ਬਾਬਲ | [NEW, established OT Punjabi Bible form] |
Summary Risk Counts (this curriculum’s new/extended terms)
| Tier | Count (new/extended in this glossary) |
|---|---|
| Critical | 11 |
| High | 21 |
| Medium | 19 |
| Low | 15 |
Highest-priority open items for theologian resolution before Phase 2:
- “Almighty” (παντοκράτωρ) — resolve the ਸਰਬ ਸ਼ਕਤੀਮਾਨ / ਸਰਬ ਸਮਰੱਥ tension with baseline’s ਸ਼ਕਤੀ rejection.
- “Worship” (προσκυνέω) — confirm the proposed ਆਰਾਧਨਾ/ਪੂਜਾ split for true vs. false worship.
- “Word of God” (Λόγος) — confirm ਬਚਨ and the absolute prohibition on ਸ਼ਬਦ (Shabad-Guru collision).
- “Throne” (θρόνος) — confirm ਤਖ਼ਤ with mandatory Akal Takht/Gurgaddi distinguishing note.
- “Dwelling/tabernacle” (σκηνή) — confirm ਨਿਵਾਸ over the historically-used but now-risky ਡੇਰਾ.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: dharmikta
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਨਿਆਂ
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਧਰਮ. Relevant to Revelation’s saints/vindication vocabulary though not a dominant term in this book.
Justification
Approved rendering: ਧਰਮੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਣਾ
Transliteration: dharmi thehraya jana
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਫ਼ੀ ਮਿਲਣੀ
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-curriculum theological consistency; underlies the vindication-of-the-saints doctrine.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀ
Transliteration: mukti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ, ਮੋਖ, ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. MANDATORY clarifying gloss on every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence, intensified in Revelation because it appears in dense, liturgically celebratory contexts (7:10, 12:10, 19:1) that are structurally closer to devotional hymnody than Romans’ expository prose. Never rendered ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ, which this package reserves lexically for the distinct ‘purchased/redeemed’ metaphor (see redeemed_purchased).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ
Transliteration: punar-uthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ, ਆਵਾਗਵਣ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ or ਆਵਾਗਵਣ. Root term for first_resurrection below.
Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਲਕ, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ. Root term for king_of_kings_lord_of_lords below.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Puttar
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਦੇਵ-ਪੁਰਸ਼
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Full phrase required. Must be kept lexically and doctrinally distinct from son_of_man below.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: ਦੇਹਧਾਰਨ
Transliteration: dehdharan
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ਅਵਤਾਰ
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਅਵਤਾਰ.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਈਸਾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਈਸਾ.
God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, ਭਗਵਾਨ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ or ਭਗਵਾਨ.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ, ਜੋਤ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਬ੍ਰਹਮ or ਜੋਤ. Root for seven_spirits below.
Father
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਾ
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਲੇਖੇ ਲਾਈ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: lekhe lai dharmikta
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਕਮਾਈ ਹੋਈ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-curriculum consistency; not a frequently occurring term in Revelation itself.
Revelation
Approved rendering: ਪਰਕਾਸ਼
Transliteration: Prakash
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closed Canon of Scripture
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Scripture/Revelation
RETAINED WITH MANDATORY GLOSS, parallel to baseline’s ਮੁਕਤੀ handling. Established 150+ year Punjabi Bible title (ਪਰਕਾਸ਼ ਦੀ ਪੋਥੀ) but collides with the Sikh liturgical term for the daily ceremonial ‘opening’ of the Guru Granth Sahib and ਪਰਕਾਸ਼ ਦਿਹਾੜਾ (a Guru’s birth-anniversary). Every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence must carry a gloss: a completed, once-given, closed written unveiling of realities already secured in Christ, not a repeated daily ceremonial act before a living, ongoing scriptural Guru.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: manukkh da puttar
Doctrine: Deity and Supreme Titles of Christ
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
A distinct Danielic-authority Christological title. Must be kept lexically and doctrinally distinct from ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ (Son of God); complements rather than competes with Christ’s deity (Rev 1:13, 14:14).
Lamb
Approved rendering: ਲੇਲਾ
Transliteration: lela
Doctrine: Christ as the Slain and Reigning Lamb
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
The book’s dominant Christological title (28+ occurrences). No major Sikh/Hindu syncretism collision, but every occurrence must hold together both sacrificial death and reigning kingship — guard against a purely sentimental ‘gentle lamb’ reading.
Lion Of Judah
Approved rendering: ਯਹੂਦਾਹ ਦੇ ਕਬੀਲੇ ਦਾ ਸ਼ੇਰ
Transliteration: Yahudah de kabile da sher
Doctrine: Deity and Supreme Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਸਿੰਘ, ਬੱਬਰ
Original: ὁ λέων ὁ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα
Category: Christology
Use ਸ਼ੇਰ only. NEVER ਸਿੰਘ (mandatory Khalsa surname/identity marker for every baptized Sikh male) or ਬੱਬਰ (Babbar Khalsa militant-organization association). Requires explicit theologian sign-off (Rev 5:5).
Word Of God Logos
Approved rendering: ਬਚਨ
Transliteration: bachan
Doctrine: Deity and Supreme Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਬਦ
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
HIGHEST-PRIORITY FINDING IN THIS CURRICULUM. NEVER ਸ਼ਬਦ. ਸ਼ਬਦ (Shabad) is the central theological term in Sikhism per the doctrine ‘Shabad hī Guru hai’ (‘the Shabad is the Guru’), identifying the divine Word with the Guru Granth Sahib’s living voice. Using it for Christ’s Logos-title (Rev 19:13) would structurally conflate Christ’s unique identity with that entire revelation structure. Use ਬਚਨ, a generic non-liturgically-loaded word, exclusively and consistently.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: ਅਲਫ਼ਾ ਅਤੇ ਓਮੇਗਾ (ਆਰੰਭ ਅਤੇ ਅੰਤ)
Transliteration: Alfa ate Omega (arambh ate ant)
Doctrine: Deity and Supreme Titles of Christ
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος
Category: Christology/God
Mandatory transliteration-plus-gloss on every occurrence (1:8, 21:6, 22:13), on the model of ਅੱਬਾ. Critical because applied to both Father and Christ — a deity-of-Christ marker, not merely a comprehension aid. Gloss wording must be identical across all three occurrences per cross-document consistency rules.
First And Last
Approved rendering: ਪਹਿਲਾ ਅਤੇ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ
Transliteration: pehla ate akhri
Doctrine: Deity and Supreme Titles of Christ
Original: ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος
Category: Christology/God
Parallel eternality title to Alpha and Omega (1:17, 2:8, 22:13); reuses the same gloss logic and must remain consistent as a deity-of-Christ marker.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: ਰਾਜਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਰਾਜਾ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਭੂਆਂ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: rajian da raja ate prabhuan da prabhu
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
Reuses baseline ਪ੍ਰਭੂ; never ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ. An absolute supremacy title (17:14, 19:16); never abbreviate to a single ‘ਰਾਜਾ.‘
Almighty
Approved rendering: ਸਰਬ ਸਮਰੱਥ
Transliteration: sarab samrath
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ਸਰਬ ਸ਼ਕਤੀਮਾਨ
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
RESOLVED per Core Glossary flagging. The default South Asian rendering ਸਰਬ ਸ਼ਕਤੀਮਾਨ is FORBIDDEN — it reintroduces the root ਸ਼ਕਤੀ baseline explicitly rejected for ‘power of God’ due to Hindu Shakti-power (goddess-power) association. ਸਰਬ ਸਮਰੱਥ is a controlled compound built on baseline’s approved ਸਮਰੱਥਾ root. Apply uniformly across all 9 occurrences (1:8, 4:8, 11:17, 15:3, 16:7, 16:14, 19:6, 19:15, 21:22).
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: ਪਹਿਲਾ ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ
Transliteration: pehla punar-uthan
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ, ਆਵਾਗਵਣ
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
Describes a two-stage, once-for-all sequence (20:5-6) culminating in final resurrection/judgment. Teach explicitly as a terminating sequence, never a repeating cycle; the ban on ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ/ਆਵਾਗਵਣ is even more essential here.
Seal Of God
Approved rendering: ਮੋਹਰ
Transliteration: mohar
Doctrine: Sealing and Protection of God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ
Original: σφραγίς
Category: Judgment/Church
NEVER ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ (the Nishan Sahib, the triangular flag flown at every Gurdwara, a core marker of Sikh communal identity). Use ਮੋਹਰ consistently (7:2-8, 9:4, 14:1), kept lexically distinct from mark_of_the_beast (ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ).
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ
Transliteration: chinh
Doctrine: Sealing and Protection of God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Judgment
NEVER ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ, for the same Nishan Sahib collision as seal_of_god — even more consequential here since this is a central plot-point of Judgment doctrine (13:16-17, 14:9-11, 20:4). Use ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ, kept lexically distinct from ਮੋਹਰ.
Worship True
Approved rendering: ਆਰਾਧਨਾ
Transliteration: aradhana
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: ਪੂਜਾ, ਭਗਤੀ, ਮੱਥਾ ਟੇਕਣਾ
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
FLAGGED FOR MANDATORY THEOLOGIAN CONFIRMATION. The Greek proskyneō is one verb for both true and false worship; Punjabi has no single neutral word spanning both. Deliberate two-word split: ਆਰਾਧਨਾ reserved for worship rightly directed to God/the Lamb (4:10, 5:14, 7:11, 19:10), distinct from ਪੂਜਾ (reserved for false worship, see worship_false_idolatrous). ਭਗਤੀ (Hindu bhakti tradition) and ਮੱਥਾ ਟੇਕਣਾ (Guru Granth Sahib prostration gesture) are both rejected as the doctrinal worship-verb.
Worship False Idolatrous
Approved rendering: ਪੂਜਾ
Transliteration: puja
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
Same Greek verb (proskyneō) as worship_true, reserved exclusively for worship wrongly rendered to the beast/dragon/idols (13:4, 13:8, 13:12, 14:9-11). Requires theologian sign-off alongside worship_true. Never used for worship of God/the Lamb.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ
Transliteration: khushkhabri
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁਭ ਸਮਾਚਾਰ
Inherited from Romans package. Established Punjabi Christian term, “good news.” In Revelation see also eternal_gospel (14:6), which adds a qualifier to this same root term.
Grace
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ
Transliteration: kirpa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ਮੇਹਰ, ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ
Inherited from Romans package. Every use must make the exclusivity of its source in Christ explicit. Governs Revelation’s closing benediction (22:21) and the free-gift-of-life doctrine (21:6, 22:17).
Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: nihcha
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਰਧਾ, ਸਿਦਕ
Inherited from Romans package. Root term for the negative vice-list entry faithless (ਬੇਨਿਹਚਾ) at Revelation 21:8.
Apostle
Approved rendering: ਰਸੂਲ
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ, ਦੂਤ
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਗੁਰੂ. Governs ‘twelve apostles’ foundation-names at Revelation 21:14.
Called
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Transliteration: saddiya hoya
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਬੁਲਾਇਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive per baseline usage rules.
Calling
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਾ
Transliteration: sadda
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package.
Saints
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ
Transliteration: pavittar lok
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ਸੰਤ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਸੰਤ. Central to Revelation’s vindication-of-the-saints doctrine (6:9-11, 19:8, 20:9).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ
Transliteration: pavittarikaran
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧੀਕਰਨ
Inherited from Romans package.
Adoption
Approved rendering: ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ
Transliteration: dattak putrata
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ਗੋਦ ਲੈਣਾ
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Revelation 21:7’s inheritance_heritage (ਵਿਰਸਾ) promise to the one who overcomes.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Raj
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ/Χριστοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, RISK ELEVATED from Medium to High for this curriculum. Revelation’s literal, consummated-kingdom emphasis (11:15, 12:10) intensifies the baseline’s Khalsa-Raj political-sovereignty caution (‘Raj Karega Khalsa’); every occurrence needs explicit framing that Christ’s kingdom is spiritual, cosmic, and already secured, not a call to political sovereignty.
Law
Approved rendering: ਬਿਵਸਥਾ
Transliteration: bivastha
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਧਰਮ or ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ.
Sin
Approved rendering: ਪਾਪ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ਅਧਰਮ
Inherited from Romans package.
Glory
Approved rendering: ਮਹਿਮਾ
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਜੋਤ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ਜੋਤ. The New Jerusalem’s light (21:23) is God’s own glory, not a transmitted divine-light lineage.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ ਦੀ ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ
Transliteration: nihcha di agiakari
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਫ਼ਰਜ਼
Inherited from Romans package.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di samratha
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਕਤੀ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਸ਼ਕਤੀ. This ruling directly governs the almighty coinage (ਸਰਬ ਸਮਰੱਥ) below.
Covenant
Approved rendering: ਨੇਮ
Transliteration: nem
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ਸਮਝੌਤਾ
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies root_of_david and key_of_david below.
Election
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di chon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to ‘those whose names are written in the book of life’ (13:8, 17:8, 20:15).
Providence
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da prabandh
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ, ਹੁਕਮ
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਕਿਸਮਤ; never substitute ਹੁਕਮ. Underlies Revelation’s sovereignty-over-history doctrine at the scale of the scroll and seals (chs. 4-6).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਅੰਸ
Transliteration: Daud di ans
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in Revelation by root_of_david (Christ as both source and descendant of David).
Root Of David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਜੜ੍ਹ ਅਤੇ ਸੰਤਾਨ
Transliteration: Daud di jarh ate santan
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ἡ ῥίζα Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
Extends seed_of_david by adding Christ’s eternal preexistence (root/source) alongside his genuine Davidic lineage (offspring). Requires OT-covenant background teaching (Rev 5:5, 22:16).
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਸੱਚੇ
Transliteration: vafadar ate sache
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology/God
Must be kept distinct from ਨਿਹਚਾ (the believer’s subjective faith); this describes God’s/Christ’s own reliability and truthfulness (19:11, 21:5).
Key Of David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਕੁੰਜੀ
Transliteration: Daud di kunji
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ἡ κλεὶς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology/Covenant
Christ’s authority to open and shut access to God’s kingdom (3:7, drawing on Isaiah 22:22); requires the same OT-background teaching as ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਅੰਸ.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: ਸੱਤ ਆਤਮੇ
Transliteration: satt aatme
Doctrine: Holy Spirit and the Bride in Worship
Original: ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
Symbolic (sevenfold-completeness) language for the one Holy Spirit in his fullness (1:4, 4:5, 5:6) — explicitly NOT seven distinct spirit-beings. Requires framing against folk-religious multiple-spirit misreadings.
Throne
Approved rendering: ਤਖ਼ਤ
Transliteration: takht
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ / Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God/Kingdom
No viable substitute exists in Punjabi. Collides with the Akal Takht and the other four historic Sikh Takhts, and with ਗੁਰਗੱਦੀ (Guru-succession seat). Mandatory gloss every occurrence: God’s/the Lamb’s throne is eternal, cosmic, and never transferred to a successor (40+ occurrences across the book, esp. chs. 4-5, 20, 22).
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: ਵੱਡਾ ਚਿੱਟਾ ਤਖ਼ਤ
Transliteration: vadda chitta takht
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας
Category: Judgment
The final judgment seat (20:11-15). Inherits the ਤਖ਼ਤ/Akal Takht caution, intensified because this is a judicial rather than ruling context.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: ਅੱਗ ਅਤੇ ਗੰਧਕ ਦੀ ਝੀਲ
Transliteration: agg ate gandhak di jheel
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: ਨਰਕ
Original: λίμνη τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ θείου
Category: Judgment
NEVER ਨਰਕ. ਨਰਕ implies the popular Hindu/Sikh temporary/purgatorial hell-realm within karma-rebirth cosmology, contradicting this once-for-all final judgment (19:20, 20:10, 20:14-15, 21:8). Retain the literal descriptive phrase.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: ਜੀਵਨ ਦੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ
Transliteration: jivan di kitab
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Judgment
Prefer ਕਿਤਾਬ over ਪੋਥੀ. ਪੋਥੀ carries scriptural-manuscript resonance (bound volumes of Gurbani); reserve ਪੋਥੀ for the book’s own title (ਪਰਕਾਸ਼ ਦੀ ਪੋਥੀ) and the generic scroll (see scroll below). Track these usages distinctly (20:12, 20:15, 21:27).
Millennium
Approved rendering: ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਸਾਲ
Transliteration: hazar saal
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
Preserve interpretive neutrality across millennial views (20:1-6); the text itself, not a particular theological system, should govern translation.
Wrath Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: ਲੇਲੇ ਦਾ ਗੁੱਸਾ
Transliteration: lele da gussa
Doctrine: Christ as the Slain and Reigning Lamb
Original: ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Judgment
The paradox of the sacrificial Lamb also executing righteous judicial wrath (6:16-17). Must be understood as righteous, judicial anger, never softened into mere displeasure.
New Heaven New Earth
Approved rendering: ਨਵਾਂ ਸਵਰਗ ਅਤੇ ਨਵੀਂ ਧਰਤੀ
Transliteration: nava swarg ate navi dharti
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινὸς οὐρανὸς καὶ καινὴ γῆ
Category: Eschatology
God’s final, qualitative re-creation of the cosmos (21:1). ਸਵਰਗ carries Hindu svarga-loka associations; teach as final, non-cyclical re-creation, never a higher rung revisited within an ongoing cycle.
Water Of Life
Approved rendering: ਜੀਵਨ ਦਾ ਜਲ
Transliteration: jivan da jal
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Life
Rejected alternatives: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ
Original: ὕδωρ ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology/Grace
NEVER ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ. ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ is the specific consecrated nectar of the Sikh Amrit Sanchar initiation rite administered by the Panj Pyare; using it would import that entire rite-and-mediating-body structure into a gift given freely to ‘whoever is thirsty’ (21:6, 22:1, 22:17) with no rite or human administrant. Use ਜਲ/ਪਾਣੀ consistently.
Bride Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: ਲਾੜੀ
Transliteration: laadi
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ἡ νύμφη (τοῦ ἀρνίου)
Category: Church
OPPORTUNITY. Punjabi wedding culture (bridal adornment, procession, feast) makes this a warm, natural-fit image comparable to ਸੰਗਤ. Ensure the referent remains exclusively the redeemed Church united to Christ, never a general devotional-union metaphor (19:7, 21:2, 21:9).
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: ਲੇਲੇ ਦਾ ਵਿਆਹ ਦਾ ਭੋਜ
Transliteration: lele da viah da bhoj
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
OPPORTUNITY. Punjabi wedding-feast culture is elaborate and celebratory; strong natural fit. Ensure the Bride’s identity remains exclusively the redeemed Church (19:7-9).
Dwelling Tabernacle
Approved rendering: ਨਿਵਾਸ
Transliteration: nivas
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: ਡੇਰਾ
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: God/Eschatology
NEVER ਡੇਰਾ. ਡੇਰਾ names a contemporary Sant-led dera, a prominent institutional category in Punjab today; rendering God’s presence as ਡੇਰਾ would suggest Sant/dera-mediated presence, the exact category error baseline’s ਸੰਤ ruling was designed to prevent. Standardize on ਨਿਵਾਸ/ਵਾਸ ਕਰਨਾ (21:3, 15:5). Flag for theologian confirmation.
Dragon
Approved rendering: ਅਜਗਰ
Transliteration: ajgar
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: δράκων
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
The primary symbolic title for Satan (chs. 12-13, 20). Use ਅਜਗਰ (specific mythic-monster term) rather than the plain word for snake.
Ancient Serpent
Approved rendering: ਪੁਰਾਣਾ ਸੱਪ
Transliteration: purana sapp
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Title for Satan (12:9, 20:2) echoing the Genesis serpent. ਸੱਪ risks resonance with Nag-devta veneration traditions in parts of Punjab/North India. Retain (deliberate Genesis-echo) but pair with explicit teaching this is Satan’s primeval rebellion, never a being worthy of reverence.
Hades
Approved rendering: ਹੇਡੀਜ਼ / ਮੌਤ ਦਾ ਸਥਾਨ
Transliteration: Hedeez / maut da sathan
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: ਪਾਤਾਲ
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Never ਪਾਤਾਲ. The realm/power of death, personified and finally cast into the lake of fire (1:18, 6:8, 20:13-14). Prefer transliteration or the descriptive phrase, framed as the defeated power/domain of death under Christ’s control.
Keys Of Death And Hades
Approved rendering: ਮੌਤ ਅਤੇ ਹੇਡੀਜ਼ ਦੀਆਂ ਕੁੰਜੀਆਂ
Transliteration: maut ate Hedeez diyan kunjiyan
Doctrine: Deity and Supreme Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਪਾਤਾਲ
Original: τὰς κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου
Category: Christology
Christ’s authority over death and the grave (1:18). Inherits the Hades ruling above; frames Christ’s authority as sovereign, not a Puranic cosmological claim.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: ਬਾਬਲ ਮਹਾਨ
Transliteration: Babal mahan
Doctrine: Christian Identity and Separation from Babylon
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
A symbol for the corrupt, idolatrous world-system opposed to God (chs. 17-18). Requires explicit Symbolic/Apocalyptic Interpretation framing; never applied to any specific contemporary community.
Overcome Conquer
Approved rendering: ਜਿੱਤਣਾ
Transliteration: jitna
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: ਫ਼ਤਹਿ
Original: ὁ νικῶν / νικάω
Category: Perseverance
NEVER ਫ਼ਤਹਿ. ਫ਼ਤਹਿ is the specific Khalsa martial-devotional victory term embedded in the daily Sikh greeting and historic Khalsa martial ethos. Use ਜਿੱਤਣਾ/ਜਿੱਤ, always anchored to its stated means (the Lamb’s blood and testimony, 12:11), never to armed struggle. Recurs across chs. 2-3, 12:11, 21:7.
Witness Testimony
Approved rendering: ਗਵਾਹੀ
Transliteration: gavahi
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία
Category: Perseverance
Legal/testimonial witness borne to Christ, at times unto death (1:2, 6:9, 12:11, 20:4). Keep distinct from ਸ਼ਹੀਦ, which names the person, not the act.
Witness Person Martyr
Approved rendering: ਗਵਾਹ / ਸ਼ਹੀਦ
Transliteration: gavah / shaheed
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Perseverance
OPPORTUNITY WITH CAUTION. ਸ਼ਹੀਦ carries immense positive cultural weight (Sikh Shaheeds, Shaheedi Asthans, Guru Arjan, Guru Tegh Bahadur, the Sahibzade) but Sikh shaheedi theology often carries martial/armed-resistance dimensions. Must be sharply distinguished from Revelation’s non-violent endurance pattern ‘by the blood of the Lamb’ (12:11), never the martyr’s own valor or arms. Use ਸ਼ਹੀਦ with a mandatory clarifying gloss wherever used, on the ਮੁਕਤੀ gloss model; use plain ਗਵਾਹ where the killed-for-testimony sense is not specifically in view (2:13, 11:3, 17:6).
Testimony Of Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ ਦੀ ਗਵਾਹੀ
Transliteration: Yisu di gavahi
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἡ μαρτυρία Ἰησοῦ
Category: Perseverance
Frames the whole curriculum’s persecution theme from the book’s opening verse (1:2) through 12:17, 19:10. Reuses ਗਵਾਹੀ consistently.
Idolaters
Approved rendering: ਮੂਰਤੀ ਪੂਜਕ
Transliteration: murti pujak
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: εἰδωλολάτραι
Category: Judgment
Given Punjab’s significant Hindu-minority population and murti-worship’s prominence in devotional Hindu practice, must be handled as a biblical vice-list category (21:8, 22:15), never a contemporary polemic aimed at neighbors’ practice.
Redeemed Purchased
Approved rendering: ਲਹੂ ਨਾਲ ਖ਼ਰੀਦਿਆ
Transliteration: lahu naal kharidiya
Doctrine: Salvation and the Confession of Christ’s Lordship
Rejected alternatives: ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Salvation
Deliberately avoid ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ, which baseline explicitly rejected as an alternative rendering for ਮੁਕਤੀ; using it here for this related-but-distinct ‘purchase price’ concept (5:9, 14:3-4) would blur the two. Keep lexically separate.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: ਦੋ ਗਵਾਹ
Transliteration: do gavah
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
The two figures killed and raised in Revelation 11:3-12; their death-and-resurrection pattern must use ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ language consistent with baseline usage, never ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ
Transliteration: pavittar
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. A genuine point of overlap with Sikh liturgical usage. Root for holy_city_new_jerusalem below.
Peace
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ
Inherited from Romans package.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ਆਤਮਿਕ ਦਾਤਾਂ
Transliteration: atmik daatan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: ਵਰ
Inherited from Romans package.
Church
Approved rendering: ਮੰਡਲੀ
Transliteration: mandli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ, ਮੰਦਰ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ or ਮੰਦਰ. Governs the seven ਮੰਡਲੀਆਂ of chs. 1-3.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ
Transliteration: paraiyan kaumaan
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ
Inherited from Romans package. Ensure ਕੌਮਾਂ is not misread as referencing a specific qaum-identity group; governs Revelation 21:24-26, 22:2’s ‘nations’ healed by the tree of life.
Intercession
Approved rendering: ਵਿਚੋਲਗੀ
Transliteration: vicholgi
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package.
Mission
Approved rendering: ਪਰਚਾਰ
Transliteration: prachar
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Inherited from Romans package.
David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package.
Israel
Approved rendering: ਇਸਰਾਏਲ
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the 144,000 of the twelve tribes (7:4) and gate-names of New Jerusalem (21:12).
Abba
Approved rendering: ਅੱਬਾ
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Serves as the mandatory-gloss model reused for ਪਰਕਾਸ਼, ਅਲਫ਼ਾ ਅਤੇ ਓਮੇਗਾ, ਸ਼ਹੀਦ, and ਮੁਕਤੀ in this curriculum.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: ਸਵੇਰ ਦਾ ਤਾਰਾ
Transliteration: sawer da tara
Doctrine: Deity and Supreme Titles of Christ
Original: ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
A messianic self-designation (2:28, 22:16) echoing Numbers 24:17. Ensure it is not read through Punjab’s popular astrological (ਜੋਤਿਸ਼) frameworks as an omen-star.
Second Death
Approved rendering: ਦੂਜੀ ਮੌਤ
Transliteration: duji maut
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
No direct Sikh/Hindu conceptual parallel (their cosmology involves escaping death-rebirth cycles, not a ‘second,’ final death after resurrection, 20:6, 20:14, 21:8). Comprehension-gap, requiring explanatory teaching, not vocabulary substitution.
Heaven
Approved rendering: ਸਵਰਗ
Transliteration: swarg
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐρανός
Category: Eschatology
No viable substitute exists in everyday Punjabi. ਸਵਰਗ is also the Hindu svarga-loka, a temporary heavenly plane within samsara, attainable/losable through karma. Teaching must make explicit the ‘new heaven’ is God’s own eternal, final dwelling, never re-entered into a further cycle.
Holy City New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ / ਨਵਾਂ ਯਰੂਸ਼ਲਮ
Transliteration: pavittar shahir / nava Yarushlam
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ἡ ἁγία πόλις, Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Eschatology/Church
Combines baseline ਪਵਿੱਤਰ with the established Punjabi Bible name ਯਰੂਸ਼ਲਮ (21:2, 21:10). Requires OT-covenant background teaching; risk is comprehension-gap, not syncretism.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: ਜੀਵਨ ਦਾ ਰੁੱਖ
Transliteration: jivan da rukkh
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
Note possible resonance with sacred-tree veneration traditions at some Gurdwaras/temples; frame explicitly as Edenic-restoration imagery (Genesis 2-3 callback), not tree-veneration (22:2, 22:14, 22:19).
Freely Without Cost
Approved rendering: ਮੁਫ਼ਤ
Transliteration: muft
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Life
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Grace
Reinforces baseline grace-not-merit theology (21:6, 22:17); the gift’s source must remain explicitly Christ-centered, not Guru-mediated or Naam-simran-attained.
Inheritance Heritage
Approved rendering: ਵਿਰਸਾ
Transliteration: virsa
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: κληρονομήσει / κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
Full, secured son-status and its resulting allotted possession (21:7); reinforce baseline’s full-inheritance-rights framing already established for ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ.
Serve Worship Latreuo
Approved rendering: ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: seva karna
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Worship
The eternal, willing cultic service of the redeemed (7:15, 22:3). ਸੇਵਾ is central to Sikh devotional ethics (langar seva); per baseline’s christ_centered_ministry doctrine, must be anchored explicitly to worship of the Lamb, not left as generic communal good-works service.
No Temple
Approved rendering: ਹੈਕਲ
Transliteration: haikal
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ναός
Category: Church/Eschatology
God and the Lamb themselves as the temple (21:22). Frame as a positive fulfillment claim of unmediated access, not a polemic against any specific institution.
Worthy
Approved rendering: ਲਾਇਕ
Transliteration: laik
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: ਯੋਗ
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
Use ਲਾਇਕ rather than ਯੋਗ, to avoid homophonic/associative drift toward ‘yoga/yogic’ self-attainment practice (4:11, 5:9, 5:12).
Four Living Creatures
Approved rendering: ਚਾਰ ਜੀਵ
Transliteration: char jiv
Doctrine: Heavenly Worship and Doxology
Original: τέσσαρα ζῷα
Category: Worship
ਜੀਵ is also the term for the individual embodied soul (jivatma) in classical Vedantic/Sikh philosophical usage. Denotes created heavenly beings here (4:6-9, 5:6-14), not embodied souls; brief note needed.
Incense Prayers Of Saints
Approved rendering: ਧੂਪ
Transliteration: dhup
Doctrine: Heavenly Worship and Doxology
Original: θυμιάματα, αἵ εἰσιν αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship
Incense pictured as the rising prayers of the saints (5:8, 8:3-4). Ritually used in both Hindu puja and Gurdwara practice; frame as OT tabernacle imagery, not an endorsement of incense-burning practice.
Great Tribulation
Approved rendering: ਵੱਡਾ ਕਸ਼ਟ
Transliteration: vadda kasht
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις μεγάλη
Category: Perseverance
A period of intense suffering and testing for believers (2:22, 7:14).
Tribulation
Approved rendering: ਦੁੱਖ/ਕਸ਼ਟ
Transliteration: dukh/kasht
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
Base form of great_tribulation; standard suffering-vocabulary (1:9, 2:9-10).
Coming Quickly
Approved rendering: ਮੈਂ ਛੇਤੀ ਆ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ
Transliteration: main chheti aa riha haan
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἔρχομαι ταχύ
Category: Eschatology
Christ’s declaration of imminent, certain return (3:11, 22:7, 22:12, 22:20). Preserve imminence/certainty without over-specifying a timetable.
Beast
Approved rendering: ਦਰਿੰਦਾ
Transliteration: darinda
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: θηρίον
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Symbolic figure for anti-Christian imperial/political power (chs. 13, 17). Contextualize as apocalyptic symbol, not a literal creature.
Abyss
Approved rendering: ਅਥਾਹ ਕੁੰਡ
Transliteration: athah kund
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: ਪਾਤਾਲ
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Never ਪਾਤਾਲ (the Puranic tiered-cosmology netherworld). This is the specific prison-domain of demonic forces awaiting judgment (9:1-11, 20:1-3).
Mystery
Approved rendering: ਭੇਤ
Transliteration: bhet
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Revelation/Scripture
A previously hidden but now-revealed divine plan (10:7, 17:5-7). Must not read as esoteric/occult secret-knowledge (Tantric or other initiatory secret-teaching traditions present in the region).
Faithless
Approved rendering: ਬੇਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: be-nihcha
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἄπιστοι
Category: Judgment/Faith
Extends baseline ਨਿਹਚਾ; keep the contrast explicit — this is the negative of the baseline’s central faith-term (21:8), not a separate word.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: ਸਦੀਵੀ ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ
Transliteration: sadivi khushkhabri
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Gospel
Reuses baseline ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ with the added qualifier ਸਦੀਵੀ (eternal), the final universal proclamation announced by the flying angel (14:6).
Kingdom And Priests
Approved rendering: ਰਾਜ ਅਤੇ ਜਾਜਕ
Transliteration: raj ate jajak
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: βασιλεία καὶ ἱερεῖς
Category: Church
The redeemed constituted as a kingdom and priests to God (1:6, 5:10, 20:6). ਜਾਜਕ is the established Punjabi Bible priest-term; reuses baseline ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ family.
Jerusalem
Approved rendering: ਯਰੂਸ਼ਲਮ
Transliteration: Yarushlam
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Ἰερουσαλήμ
Category: Proper Names
The holy city; in Revelation, the New Jerusalem descending from God (3:12, 21:2, 21:10). Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form.
Babylon
Approved rendering: ਬਾਬਲ
Transliteration: Babal
Doctrine: Christian Identity and Separation from Babylon
Original: Βαβυλών
Category: Proper Names
The historic OT empire, used symbolically for a corrupt world-system (14:8, 16:19, 17-18). Established OT Punjabi Bible form.
New Name
Approved rendering: ਨਵਾਂ ਨਾਮ
Transliteration: nava naam
Doctrine: Christian Identity and Separation from Babylon
Promised to the overcomer (2:17, 3:12); resonates with baseline’s christian_identity_in_christ doctrine — identity re-founded in Christ rather than inherited communal/caste identity.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ਧੰਨਵਾਦ
Transliteration: dhanvad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ਸੰਗਤ
Transliteration: sangat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ਦੋਸਤੀ
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Genuine bridge term; use generously in Revelation’s heavenly-assembly and Bride-of-Christ contexts (chs. 1-3, 4-5, 21-22).
Prophet
Approved rendering: ਨਬੀ
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Revelation’s ‘false prophet’ figure, which pairs this term with ਝੂਠਾ (false).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ
Transliteration: bhavikhbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Revelation’s own self-designation as prophecy (1:3, 22:7, 22:18-19).
Exhort
Approved rendering: ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: utshahit karna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package.
New Qualitative
Approved rendering: ਨਵਾਂ/ਨਵੀਂ
Transliteration: nava/navi
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
New in kind/quality (kainos), not merely new in time. Reinforce the qualitative sense in teaching notes so it is not read as one more cycle of worlds.
Curse Removed
Approved rendering: ਸਰਾਪ
Transliteration: sarap
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κατάρα
Category: Eschatology
The Edenic curse, declared permanently absent in the new creation (22:3). Standard vocabulary, no significant risk.
New Song
Approved rendering: ਨਵਾਂ ਗੀਤ
Transliteration: nava geet
Doctrine: Heavenly Worship and Doxology
Original: καινὴ ᾠδή
Category: Worship
A song celebrating the Lamb’s redemptive worthiness (5:9, 14:3). Standard vocabulary.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: ਚੱਵੀ ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ
Transliteration: chavi bazurag
Doctrine: Heavenly Worship and Doxology
Original: εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Worship
Twenty-four enthroned figures worshipping around God’s throne (4:4, 4:10, 5:8-14). Standard descriptive vocabulary.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: ਹਰ-ਮਗੀਦੋਨ
Transliteration: Har-Magidon
Doctrine: Proper Names and Historical Setting
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Transliterated proper noun (16:16); requires a brief place-name/symbolic-battle gloss.
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: ਗੋਗ ਅਤੇ ਮਾਗੋਗ
Transliteration: Gog ate Magog
Doctrine: Proper Names and Historical Setting
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Symbolic names for the nations gathered in final rebellion (20:8), drawing on Ezekiel 38-39. Transliterated proper nouns requiring OT-background gloss.
Satan
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ
Transliteration: Shaitan
Doctrine: Proper Names and Historical Setting
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Established Perso-Arabic loanword shared across Punjabi Muslim, Christian, and secular usage; unambiguous, unlike the dragon/serpent symbolism (20:1-10).
Sorcerers
Approved rendering: ਜਾਦੂਗਰ
Transliteration: jadugar
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: φαρμακοί
Category: Judgment
Standard word for practitioners of magic/divination, named in the vice-list (21:8, 22:15).
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: ਜੀਵਨ ਦਾ ਮੁਕਟ
Transliteration: jivan da mukat
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Perseverance
The reward promised to those who remain faithful unto death (2:10). Note only a surface phonetic similarity to ਮੁਕਤੀ (salvation) — a different word with no semantic overlap; footnote recommended to prevent oral-teaching confusion.
John
Approved rendering: ਯੂਹੰਨਾ
Transliteration: Yuhanna
Doctrine: Proper Names and Historical Setting
Original: Ἰωάννης
Category: Proper Names
The author/recipient of the vision (1:1, 1:4, 1:9). Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form.
Michael
Approved rendering: ਮੀਕਾਏਲ
Transliteration: Mikael
Doctrine: Proper Names and Historical Setting
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Proper Names
The archangel who fights the dragon (12:7). Established transliteration.
Moses
Approved rendering: ਮੂਸਾ
Transliteration: Musa
Doctrine: Proper Names and Historical Setting
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Proper Names
Referenced in the ‘song of Moses and of the Lamb’ (15:3); established Punjabi Bible form per baseline transliteration standards.
Accuser
Approved rendering: ਦੋਸ਼ ਲਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ
Transliteration: dosh launvala
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Title for Satan as accuser (12:10). Standard descriptive vocabulary.
Scroll
Approved rendering: ਪੋਥੀ
Transliteration: pothi
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
The physical scroll with seven seals (ch. 5) and the little scroll (ch. 10). Distinct usage from book_of_life (ਕਿਤਾਬ) and from the book’s own title (ਪਰਕਾਸ਼ ਦੀ ਪੋਥੀ); track all three ਪੋਥੀ-family usages distinctly in Phase 2 segment cache.
Vice List Murderers Immoral Liars
Approved rendering: ਕਾਤਲ, ਵਿਭਚਾਰੀ, ਝੂਠੇ
Transliteration: katal, vibhchari, jhuthe
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Standard vice-list vocabulary (21:8, 22:15): murderers, sexually immoral, liars. No syncretism risk.
Vice List Cowardly Detestable
Approved rendering: ਡਰਪੋਕ, ਘਿਣਾਉਣੇ
Transliteration: darpok, ghinaune
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Standard vice-list vocabulary (21:8): cowardly, detestable. No syncretism risk.
Grapes Of Wrath Winepress
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੇ ਗੁੱਸੇ ਦਾ ਦਾਖ-ਕੋਹਲੂ
Transliteration: Parmeshar de gusse da dakh-kohlu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Vivid judgment imagery (14:19-20). Minor cultural-distance issue only (Punjab’s agrarian imagery is predominantly wheat/rice, not viticulture); brief agricultural gloss recommended, not a doctrinal risk.
Wormwood
Approved rendering: ਕੌੜਾ ਬੂਟਾ
Transliteration: kaura buta
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
A bitter plant (8:11); simple botanical gloss needed.
Abaddon Apollyon
Approved rendering: ਅਬੱਦੋਨ / ਅਪੁੱਲੀਓਨ
Transliteration: Abaddon / Apullion
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Names for the angel of the abyss (9:11), glossed ‘the Destroyer.’ Transliterate both forms.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: ਕੋਸਾ
Transliteration: kosa
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Describes the Laodicean church’s tepid spiritual state (3:16). Standard vocabulary.
Nicolaitans Balaam Jezebel
Approved rendering: ਨਿਕੋਲੇਤੀ, ਬਿਲਆਮ, ਈਜ਼ਬਲ
Transliteration: Nicoleti, Bilaam, Izbal
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Proper/symbolic names for false teaching within the seven churches (2:6, 2:14, 2:20). Transliterate; requires OT/NT-narrative background gloss since unfamiliar without biblical-narrative literacy.
Referenced passages