Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Thessalonians — English → Punjabi
This glossary extends the baseline Romans Language Package for the 1 Thessalonians curriculum. Section A lists terms newly introduced by this curriculum (not present in the baseline translation_memory.json). Section B lists terms already established in the baseline that recur in 1 Thessalonians and must be reused exactly, with citation of the chapters in which they occur. All renderings are in Gurmukhi script, formal register, consistent with established Punjabi Bible Society usage.
Section A — New Terms Introduced in 1 Thessalonians
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Punjabi Term | Transliteration | Doctrine | Risk | Chapters | Reason / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | ਆਸ | asha | Hope in Grief | High | 1, 4, 5 | Everyday Punjabi ਆਸ often means a bare wish. Christian hope here is a certain confidence secured by Christ’s resurrection, not a wish, and must be distinguished from karma/rebirth-conditioned afterlife expectation. Mandatory clarifying gloss recommended on doctrinally load-bearing occurrences (parallel to the baseline’s mandatory ਮੁਕਤੀ gloss). |
| 2 | Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα Κυρίου (hēmera Kyriou) | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ | Prabhu da din | The Day of the Lord | Critical | 1, 5 | Single, decisive, linear eschatological event. Must not be confused with weekly Sunday worship terminology, nor assimilated to a cyclical yuga-change cosmology. |
| 3 | Coming / Parousia (of Christ) | παρουσία (parousia) | ਆਉਣਾ / ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਆਉਣਾ | aauna / Prabhu da aauna | The Return of Christ | Critical | 2, 3, 4, 5 | Central term for the doctrine. Double risk: must not be heard as a Hindu-framework future avatar-descent (e.g. Kalki), nor as a returning/reappearing Guru figure. Requires the same theological-bridge handling as ਦੇਹਧਾਰਨ: a unique, unrepeated, historically anchored return of the same, already-risen Jesus. |
| 4 | Caught up (rapture) | ἁρπάζω (harpazō) | ਉਠਾ ਲਏ ਜਾਵਾਂਗੇ / ਖੋਹ ਲਏ ਜਾਵਾਂਗੇ | utha lai jawange / khoh lai jawange | The Return of Christ / Resurrection of Believers | Critical | 4 | Sudden, sovereign divine act. Must not be conflated with yogic bodily transcendence, meditative attainment, or Sant/Guru bodily-disappearance legends. Mandatory translator note distinguishing divine sovereign initiative from human-attained spiritual ascension. |
| 5 | Fallen asleep (death euphemism) | κοιμάομαι (koimaomai) | ਸੌਂ ਗਏ / ਸੁੱਤੇ ਹੋਏ | saun gaye / sutte hoye | Resurrection of Believers / Hope in Grief | High | 4 | Figurative “sleep” awaiting bodily resurrection. Must not read as an impersonal cyclical dormancy or transmigration-adjacent waiting state. |
| 6 | Sons/children of light and darkness | υἱοὶ φωτός / σκότους | ਚਾਨਣ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ / ਹਨੇਰੇ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ | chanan de puttar / hanere de puttar | The Day of the Lord / Sanctification | Medium | 5 | Moral-relational identity in Christ, not an impersonal metaphysical dualism. |
| 7 | Archangel | ἀρχάγγελος | ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਦੂਤ | pradhan doot | The Return of Christ | Low | 4 | Standard, unambiguous. |
| 8 | Trumpet | σάλπιγξ | ਤੁਰ੍ਹੀ | turhi | The Return of Christ | Low | 4 | Standard. |
| 9 | Clouds | νεφέλη | ਬੱਦਲ | baddal | The Return of Christ | Low | 4 | Theophany imagery; low risk. |
| 10 | Meeting (dignitary welcome) | ἀπάντησις | ਮਿਲਣੀ / ਸੁਆਗਤ | milni / swagat | The Return of Christ | Medium | 4 | Loses royal-welcome ceremonial background without explanatory note. |
| 11 | Grief / sorrow | λύπη | ਸੋਗ | sog | Hope in Grief | Medium | 4 | Grief itself is not forbidden; hopeless grief is corrected. Punjabi mourning customs must be engaged, not dismissed. |
| 12 | Wrath (divine, eschatological) | ὀργή | ਕਹਿਰ | kahir | The Day of the Lord | High | 1, 5 | Reserved for divine judicial wrath, distinct from everyday ਗੁੱਸਾ. Must remain personal and judicial, not an impersonal karmic-balancing mechanism. |
| 13 | Satan | Σατανᾶς | ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ | Shaitan | Sanctification / The Day of the Lord | High | 2, 3 | Shared Perso-Arabic loanword, lexically unambiguous, but must be taught as a personal, defeated spiritual enemy — categorically distinct from the closer Sikh/Hindu analog ਮਾਇਆ (Maya, impersonal illusion/attachment). |
| 14 | Watchfulness / sober | γρηγορέω / νήφω | ਜਾਗਦੇ ਰਹਿਣਾ / ਸੁਚੇਤ ਰਹਿਣਾ | jagde rehna / suchet rehna | The Day of the Lord | Medium | 5 | Ethical-spiritual readiness metaphor. |
| 15 | Sudden destruction | ὄλεθρος | ਨਾਸ | naas | The Day of the Lord | Medium | 5 | Judgment falling on the unprepared. |
| 16 | Labor pains (metaphor) | ὠδίν | ਜਣੇਪੇ ਦੀ ਪੀੜ | janepe di peer | The Day of the Lord | Low | 5 | Suddenness/inescapability metaphor. |
| 17 | Helmet | περικεφαλαία | ਟੋਪ | top | Hope in Grief / Resurrection of Believers | Low | 5 | Armor metaphor; combines with ਆਸ and ਮੁਕਤੀ in the full phrase (see combined entry below). |
| 18 | Breastplate | θώραξ | ਸੀਨਾ-ਬੰਦ | sina-band | Sanctification | Medium | 5 | Armor metaphor combining with faith/love. |
| 19 | Human soul | ψυχή | ਜਾਨ | jaan | Resurrection of Believers / Sanctification | High | 5 | Part of the whole-person (spirit/soul/body) preserved for bodily resurrection — not an eternal, independently-migrating atma. |
| 20 | Human spirit | πνεῦμα (anthropological sense) | ਆਤਮਾ | atma | Sanctification | High | 5 | AMBIGUITY FLAG: ਆਤਮਾ is also the established rendering for the Holy Spirit (ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ). Context must disambiguate human spirit from the divine Holy Spirit. Also risk of conflation with the Sikh/Hindu atma (eternal transmigrating soul); the passage’s whole-person framing must be preserved. |
| 21 | Human body | σῶμα | ਸਰੀਰ | sareer | Resurrection of Believers | Low | 5 | Standard, unambiguous. |
| 22 | Wholly / entirely | ὁλοτελής | ਸੰਪੂਰਨ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ | sampooran taur te | Sanctification | Medium | 5 | Comprehensive scope of sanctification. |
| 23 | Idols | εἴδωλον | ਮੂਰਤੀਆਂ | murtiyan | Sanctification (turning to God) | High | 1 | Potential bridge concept (Sikhism formally rejects murti-puja) but must convey total change of ultimate allegiance, not a mere ritual-practice switch. |
| 24 | Deliverer / rescuer | ῥύομαι | ਬਚਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ | bachaun wala | The Day of the Lord | Medium | 1 | Jesus as the one who rescues from coming wrath. |
| 25 | Holiness (quality/state) | ἁγιωσύνη | ਪਵਿੱਤਰਤਾ | pavittarta | Sanctification | Medium | 3 | Distinguish from baseline ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ (ἁγιασμός), which names the ongoing process; ἁγιωσύνη names the resulting state/quality. |
| 26 | Sexual immorality | πορνεία | ਹਰਾਮਕਾਰੀ | haramkari | Sanctification | Medium | 4 | Concrete content of sanctification; culturally sensitive but doctrinally stable. |
| 27 | Brotherly love | φιλαδελφία | ਭਰੱਪਣ ਦਾ ਪਿਆਰ | bhrappan da pyar | Sanctification | Low-Medium | 4 | Community mark of divinely-taught love. |
| 28 | Toil / labor | κόπος | ਮਿਹਨਤ | mihnat | Sanctification | Low | 1, 2 | Apostolic and communal work ethic. |
| 29 | Full assurance | πληροφορία | ਪੂਰਾ ਭਰੋਸਾ | pura bharosa | Hope in Grief / Faith | Medium | 1 | Settled certainty in gospel reception. |
| 30 | Test / examine | δοκιμάζω | ਪਰਖਣਾ | parakhna | Sanctification | Medium | 5 | Discernment applied even to Spirit-attributed utterances. |
| 31 | Quench (the Spirit) | σβέννυμι | ਬੁਝਾਉਣਾ | bujhauna | Sanctification | Medium | 5 | Paired with Critical baseline term ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ. |
| 32 | Establish / strengthen | στηρίζω | ਮਜ਼ਬੂਤ ਕਰਨਾ | mazboot karna | Hope in Grief / Sanctification | Medium | 3 | Pastoral strengthening amid affliction. |
| 33 | Affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις | ਕਸ਼ਟ | kashat | Hope in Grief | Medium | 3 | Suffering as expected, not a sign of abandonment. |
| 34 | Imitators | μιμητής | ਅਨੁਕਰਣ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ | anukaran karan wale | Sanctification | Low-Medium | 1 | Modeling sanctified conduct. |
| 35 | Security / false peace | ἀσφάλεια | ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ | surakhya | The Day of the Lord | Medium | 5 | False stability preceding sudden judgment. |
| 36 | Thief (metaphor) | κλέπτης | ਚੋਰ | chor | The Day of the Lord | Low | 5 | Standard suddenness metaphor. |
| 37 | Steadfastness / endurance | ὑπομονή | ਸਬਰ | sabar | Hope in Grief | Medium | 1 | Shared Perso-Arabic loanword across Punjabi traditions; anchor specifically to hope in Christ’s return, not generic fortitude. |
| 38 | Patience / longsuffering | μακροθυμία | ਸਹਿਨਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ | sahinshilta | Sanctification | Low-Medium | 5 | Community ethic. |
| 39 | Apostolic instruction / commandment | παραγγελία | ਹੁਕਮ | hukam | Sanctification | Medium | 4 | DUAL-USAGE FLAG: legitimate established Christian usage (cf. “ਦਸ ਹੁਕਮ,” Ten Commandments) for a specific apostolic/divine directive — but per baseline “providence” notes, never use ਹੁਕਮ as the term for the impersonal cosmic Divine Order concept. |
| 40 | Impurity | ἀκαθαρσία | ਅਪਵਿੱਤਰਤਾ | apavittarta | Sanctification | Medium | 4 | Direct antonym of ਪਵਿੱਤਰਤਾ/ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ; keep contrast sharp. |
| 41 | Lust / sinful desire | ἐπιθυμία | ਕਾਮਨਾ | kamna | Sanctification | Medium | 4 | Contrasted with holiness. |
| 42 | Holy kiss (greeting) | φίλημα ἅγιον | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਚੁੰਮਣ | pavittar chumman | Christian Fellowship | Medium | 5 | Cultural-adaptation flag: unusual as literal modern Punjabi greeting; footnote recommended rather than vocabulary substitution. |
| 43 | Crown of exultation/boasting | στέφανος καυχήσεως | ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਦਾ ਤਾਜ | khushi da taj | The Return of Christ | Medium | 2 | Ministry reward at Christ’s coming. |
| 44 | Died for us (vicarious) | ἀποθανόντος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν | ਸਾਡੇ ਲਈ ਮਰਿਆ | sade layi maria | Hope in Grief / The Day of the Lord | Critical | 5 | Substitutionary atonement formula; the “for us” (ὑπέρ) sense must be preserved in full, not softened to mere example or sympathy. |
| 45 | Joy / rejoice | χαρά / χαίρω | ਖੁਸ਼ੀ | khushi | Hope in Grief | Low-Medium | 5 | Standing posture rooted in hope, not circumstance. |
| 46 | Prayer | προσευχή | ਪ੍ਰਾਰਥਨਾ | prarthna | Hope in Grief | Medium | 5 | Aligns with baseline doctrine-name “ਪ੍ਰਾਰਥਨਾ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਚੋਲਗੀ” (Prayer and Intercession). |
| 47 | Faithful (describing God) | πιστός | ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰ | vafadar | Hope in Grief / Sanctification | High | 5 | Grounds assurance in God’s own unchanging character, paired with baseline ਸੱਦਾ. |
Combined Critical-Risk Phrase (requires joint gloss handling)
| Phrase | Composition | Punjabi Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helmet of the hope of salvation | περικεφαλαία (#17) + ἐλπίς (#1) + σωτηρία (baseline, Section B) | ਮੁਕਤੀ ਦੀ ਆਸ ਦਾ ਟੋਪ | Critical | 5 | Triggers BOTH the mandatory ਮੁਕਤੀ Sikh/Christian distinction gloss AND the recommended ਆਸ hope-clarification gloss in the same occurrence. |
Section B — Reused Baseline Terms Occurring in 1 Thessalonians
These terms are already established in the baseline Romans Language Package. Renderings must be reused exactly with no deviation. Citations below show where each term recurs in 1 Thessalonians.
| English Term | Punjabi Term (baseline) | Doctrine (baseline) | Risk (baseline) | 1 Thessalonians Chapters | Notes for This Curriculum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ | Deity of Christ | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | Throughout. |
| Jesus | ਯਿਸੂ | Lordship of Christ | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | Throughout. |
| Lord | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ | Lordship of Christ | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | Throughout; note ch.4:15–17 “word of the Lord… the Lord himself… with the Lord.” |
| Messiah / Christ | ਮਸੀਹ | Messianic Promise | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | Part of “Jesus Christ” formula throughout. |
| Holy Spirit | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ | Sanctification | Critical | 1, 4, 5 | See ambiguity flag (#20 above) re: human ਆਤਮਾ in 5:23. |
| Son of God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ | Sonship of Christ | Critical | 1 | ”Wait for his Son from heaven” (1:10). |
| Resurrection | ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ | Resurrection of Christ / Resurrection of Believers | Critical | 1, 4 | Verb forms ἀνέστη/ἀναστήσονται; NEVER ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ/ਆਵਾਗਵਣ. |
| Salvation | ਮੁਕਤੀ | Salvation | Critical | 5 | 5:8–9; mandatory Sikh/Christian mukti-distinction gloss applies on every occurrence. |
| Gospel | ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ | Gospel | High | 1, 2, 3 | Repeated emphasis on how the gospel came and was received. |
| Grace | ਕਿਰਪਾ | Grace | High | 1, 5 | Epistolary greeting/closing. |
| Faith | ਨਿਹਚਾ | Faith | High | 1, 3, 5 | Repeated; paired with love and hope (5:8 “breastplate of faith and love”). |
| Church | ਮੰਡਲੀ | Church as God’s People | Medium | 1 | ”Church of the Thessalonians… in God the Father.” |
| Holy | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ | Sanctification | Medium | 3, 4, 5 | Adjective form throughout ch.4–5. |
| Saints | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ | Sainthood | High | 3 | ”With all his saints” (3:13). |
| Sanctification | ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ | Sanctification | High | 4, 5 | Core doctrinal term of ch.4:3–7 and 5:23. |
| Called / Calling | ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ / ਸੱਦਾ | Divine Calling / Effectual Calling | High | 2, 4, 5 | 2:12 (called into kingdom/glory); 4:7 (called to holiness); 5:24 (faithful is he who calls). |
| Kingdom of God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ | Kingdom Mission | Medium | 2 | 2:12. |
| Glory | ਮਹਿਮਾ | Deity of Christ | High | 2 | 2:12, 2:20. |
| Election | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ | Effectual Calling | High | 1 | ”Knowing… your election” (1:4). |
| Thanksgiving | ਧੰਨਵਾਦ | Thanksgiving | Low | 1, 2, 3, 5 | Frequent epistolary refrain. |
| Gentiles / nations | ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Medium | 2, 4 | 2:16 (Gentiles hindered from hearing gospel); 4:5 (used generically for outsiders “who do not know God”). |
| Apostle | ਰਸੂਲ | Apostleship | High | 2 | 2:6 — NEVER ਗੁਰੂ. |
| Peace | ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ | Peace with God | Medium | 1, 5 | 5:3 (“peace and security”); 5:13, 5:23 (“God of peace”). |
| Power of God | ਸਮਰੱਥਾ | Power of God for Salvation | High | 1 | 1:5 — gospel came “in power” — NEVER ਸ਼ਕਤੀ. |
| Exhort / comfort | ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ (encourage) / ਬੇਨਤੀ (entreaty) | Mutual Edification | Low | 2, 3, 4, 5 | Extend baseline’s context-sensitivity: add a third sense, ਦਿਲਾਸਾ ਦਿਓ (console), for grief contexts (4:18, 5:11). |
| Prophecy | ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Low | 5 | ”Do not despise prophecies” (5:20). |
Risk Summary for This Curriculum
| Risk Tier | New Terms (Section A) | Reused Baseline Terms (Section B) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 (Day of the Lord, Coming/Parousia, Caught up, Died for us, + combined Helmet phrase counted separately, Fallen asleep bordering High/Critical treated as High) | 7 | 13 |
| High | 9 | 6 | 15 |
| Medium | 24 | 5 | 29 |
| Low | 8 | 3 | 11 |
All five chapters of 1 Thessalonians have been reviewed for theological vocabulary. No chapter introduces zero new terms; each chapter (1–5) contributes at least one Critical- or High-risk term to this glossary, consistent with the density of eschatological and sanctification content across the whole letter.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, ਭਗਵਾਨ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER use ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ or ਭਗਵਾਨ. In 1 Thessalonians, addressed throughout as Father (1:1, 1:3, 3:11, 3:13); the God to whom the Thessalonians ‘turned from idols’ (1:9).
Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਈਸਾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: use ਯਿਸੂ only; NEVER ਈਸਾ. Central to every chapter of 1 Thessalonians.
Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਲਕ, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ. Central to the core passage’s description of Christ’s coming (4:15-17: ‘the word of the Lord… the Lord himself… with the Lord’) and the letter’s address formulas throughout.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Part of the recurring ‘Jesus Christ’ / ‘Lord Jesus Christ’ formula throughout 1 Thessalonians.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ, ਜੋਤ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ਬ੍ਰਹਮ. In 1 Thessalonians, the gospel came ‘in power and in the Holy Spirit’ (1:5-6); believers are warned not to ‘quench the Spirit’ (5:19). MUST be disambiguated in 5:23 from the anthropological ਆਤਮਾ (human spirit) — see spirit_anthropological entry below; unqualified ਆਤਮਾ in that verse refers to the human spirit, not this term.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Puttar
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਦੇਵ-ਪੁਰਸ਼
Original: υἱὸς αὐτοῦ (θεοῦ)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced in ‘wait for his Son from heaven’ (1:10).
Father
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਾ
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father; the church is addressed as being ‘in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ’ (1:1); cf. 1:3, 3:11, 3:13.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ
Transliteration: punar-uthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ, ਆਵਾਗਵਣ
Original: ἀνέστη / ἀναστήσονται
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL AND HEIGHTENED IN THIS CURRICULUM: ABSOLUTE prohibition on ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ or ਆਵਾਗਵਣ. Governs both Christ’s accomplished resurrection (4:14, verb ਜੀ ਉੱਠਿਆ) and believers’ future bodily resurrection (4:16, ਜੀ ਉੱਠਣਗੇ). This is the exact question 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 exists to answer, and the exact question Punjabi hearers’ existing rebirth/transmigration frameworks already answer differently — the doctrinal collision is the passage’s own occasion, not incidental. Mandatory distinguishing gloss required at every occurrence in chapter 4.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀ
Transliteration: mukti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ, ਮੋਖ, ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Retained per established Punjabi Bible tradition. In 1 Thessalonians, appears at 5:8-9 (‘helmet of the hope of salvation’; ‘obtain salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ’). MANDATORY clarifying gloss required on every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence, distinguishing Christian ਮੁਕਤੀ (decisive reconciliation with a personal God through Christ, guarded by certain hope of his return) from Sikh ਮੁਕਤੀ (release from ਆਵਾਗਵਣ through Guru-mediated grace and Naam-simran). This occurrence combines with ਆਸ (see hope entry) in the phrase ਮੁਕਤੀ ਦੀ ਆਸ ਦਾ ਟੋਪ — see helmet_of_hope_of_salvation combined entry.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ
Transliteration: Prabhu da din
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: ਯੁੱਗ ਪਰਿਵਰਤਨ (yuga age-change, cyclical Hindu cosmology)
Original: ἡμέρα Κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum, constructed compound phrase (no pre-existing Punjabi Bible tradition term). Must never be confused with weekly Sunday worship terminology; where both contexts appear in the same lesson use the fuller ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦੇ ਆਉਣ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ to disambiguate. Must not be assimilated to a cyclical yuga-change cosmology (end of Kali Yuga); this is a single, decisive, linear historical/eschatological event (1:10; 5:1-11).
Parousia
Approved rendering: ਆਉਣਾ / ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਆਉਣਾ
Transliteration: aauna / Prabhu da aauna
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਅਵਤਾਰ, ਪਰੂਸੀਆ (opaque transliterated loanword, rejected)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum, central to the Return of Christ doctrine (2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23). DOUBLE RISK unique to Punjabi: must not be heard as a future avatar-descent (e.g. popular expectation of a future Kalki avatar) nor assimilated to any folk expectation of a returning/reappearing Guru or Sant figure. Requires the same theological-bridge handling the baseline mandates for ਦੇਹਧਾਰਨ: a unique, unrepeated, historically anchored return of the same, already-crucified-and-risen Jesus. Paraphrase required; no transliteration tradition exists.
Caught Up
Approved rendering: ਉਠਾ ਲਏ ਜਾਵਾਂਗੇ / ਖੋਹ ਲਏ ਜਾਵਾਂਗੇ
Transliteration: utha lai jawange / khoh lai jawange
Doctrine: The Rapture / Gathering of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ਰੈਪਚਰ (English loanword, rejected as unintelligible and register-mismatched)
Original: ἁρπαγησόμεθα
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. The sudden, sovereign, once-for-all divine act of gathering living and resurrected believers to the returning Christ (4:17). MANDATORY translator note required distinguishing God’s sovereign initiative from any yogic bodily transcendence, meditative attainment, or Sant/Guru bodily-disappearance legend from Punjabi folk piety.
Helmet Of Hope Of Salvation
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀ ਦੀ ਆਸ ਦਾ ਟੋਪ
Transliteration: mukti di asha da top
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
COMBINED CRITICAL-RISK PHRASE (1 Thessalonians 5:8). Composed of helmet (ਟੋਪ, Low) + hope (ਆਸ, High) + salvation (ਮੁਕਤੀ, Critical, baseline). This phrase TRIGGERS BOTH the mandatory ਮੁਕਤੀ Sikh/Christian distinction gloss AND the recommended/mandatory ਆਸ certainty-clarification gloss together, in the same occurrence. Never omit either gloss when this phrase appears.
Died For Us
Approved rendering: ਸਾਡੇ ਲਈ ਮਰਿਆ
Transliteration: sade layi maria
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Original: ἀποθανόντος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν
Category: Christology
NEW term for this curriculum. Christ’s substitutionary, vicarious death ‘for us,’ grounding assurance in the face of coming wrath (5:10). The substitutionary ὑπέρ (‘for us’) sense must be preserved in full; never softened to a merely exemplary or sympathetic death.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ
Transliteration: khushkhabri
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁਭ ਸਮਾਚਾਰ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Thessalonians, emphasis on how the gospel came and was received: ‘not only in word, but also in power and in the Holy Spirit and with full conviction’ (1:5); ‘received… not as the word of men but as what it really is, the word of God’ (2:13).
Grace
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ
Transliteration: kirpa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ਮੇਹਰ, ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Epistolary greeting/closing (1:1; 5:28); source of grace must remain explicitly Christ-centered, not Guru-mediated or attained through Naam-simran.
Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: nihcha
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਰਧਾ, ਸਿਦਕ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Repeated throughout, paired with love and hope; notably ‘breastplate of faith and love’ (5:8). Object of faith (God/Christ) must remain recoverable from context.
Saints
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ
Transliteration: pavittar lok
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ਸੰਤ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਸੰਤ. ‘With all his saints’ at the parousia (3:13) — all believers gathered, not an ascetic or Guru-like elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ
Transliteration: pavittarikaran
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧੀਕਰਨ
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Named explicitly as ‘the will of God, your sanctification’ (4:3) and prayed for wholly (5:23) — the doctrinal center of chapters 4-5. God must remain grammatical subject of this term’s verb form (‘God sanctifies you’); never let it read as a human-performed practice akin to Sikh ਸੇਵਾ.
Called
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Transliteration: saddiya hoya
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਬੁਲਾਇਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Original: καλέω / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across 1 Thessalonians: 2:12 (called into kingdom/glory); 4:7 (called to holiness); 5:24 (God’s own faithfulness grounds his calling).
Calling
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਾ
Transliteration: sadda
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form for the act/state of being called by God; used alongside ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ throughout the letter’s calling passages.
Glory
Approved rendering: ਮਹਿਮਾ
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਜੋਤ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 2:12 (‘into his own kingdom and glory’); 2:20 (the Thessalonians themselves are Paul’s ‘glory and joy’ at Christ’s coming). Avoid ਜੋਤ.
Election
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di chon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Knowing… your election’ (1:4); never ਕਿਸਮਤ (fate).
Apostle
Approved rendering: ਰਸੂਲ
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ, ਦੂਤ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 2:6 — Paul’s authorized, sent, suffering-marked role, including his fatherly/motherly care (2:7, 11). NEVER ਗੁਰੂ, reserved for the Ten Gurus and Guru Granth Sahib.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di samratha
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਕਤੀ
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਸ਼ਕਤੀ. The gospel came to the Thessalonians ‘in power’ (1:5).
Hope
Approved rendering: ਆਸ
Transliteration: asha
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: ਭਰੋਸਾ (reserved for present settled certainty/full assurance, not future-directed hope)
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
NEW term for this curriculum. The single largest lexical gap identified: everyday Punjabi ਆਸ ranges from strong expectation to bare wish and carries no built-in certainty. In this curriculum ਆਸ must convey a certainty grounded in Christ’s own past resurrection, not a hopeful feeling about an uncertain future, and must be distinguished from karma/rebirth-conditioned afterlife expectation. MANDATORY clarifying gloss required on every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence (1:3; 4:13; 5:8), parallel in force to the mandatory ਮੁਕਤੀ gloss: this ਆਸ is ਯਕੀਨ ਭਰੀ ਆਸ (a certainty-filled hope) grounded in a historical fact.
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: ਸੌਂ ਗਏ / ਸੁੱਤੇ ਹੋਏ
Transliteration: saun gaye / sutte hoye
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers / Hope in Grief
Original: κοιμωμένων / κοιμηθέντας
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Standard NT euphemism for the death of believers as temporary ‘sleep’ awaiting bodily resurrection (4:13-15). Must not be read as an impersonal cyclical dormancy or a ‘soul-sleep’ doctrine detached from bodily resurrection hope. Always anchor to the immediately adjacent resurrection-hope clause; on its own, Punjabi ‘sleep’-for-death idiom is merely polite euphemism with no theological content.
Dead In Christ
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਰੇ ਹੋਏ ਲੋਕ
Transliteration: Masih vich mare hoye lok
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Believers who died in union with Christ, who ‘will rise first’ at his coming (4:16). ‘In Christ’ must be retained as a union-with-Christ identity marker, not reduced to a mere communal or geographic identity.
Always With The Lord
Approved rendering: ਸਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਰਹਾਂਗੇ
Transliteration: sada Prabhu de naal rahange
Doctrine: The Rapture / Gathering of Believers
Original: πάντοτε σὺν Κυρίῳ
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Climactic promise of perpetual, personal, relational union with the returning Lord (4:17). Must preserve personal companionship with a personal Lord; must not be assimilated to Sikh mukti as merger/dissolution into an impersonal Waheguru.
Wrath
Approved rendering: ਕਹਿਰ
Transliteration: kahir
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord / Divine Wrath and Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁੱਸਾ (everyday anger, insufficiently judicial/personal for divine eschatological wrath)
Original: ὀργή
Category: God
NEW term for this curriculum. God’s righteous judicial anger, climaxing at the Day of the Lord (1:10; 5:9). Reserve ਕਹਿਰ for divine/eschatological wrath; must remain personal and judicial via explicit personal-agent grammar (ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਕਹਿਰ, God as grammatical subject), not an impersonal karmic-balancing mechanism.
Satan
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ
Transliteration: Shaitan
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satan’s Hindrance
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਇਆ (Maya, impersonal illusion/attachment — rejected as it dissolves Satan’s personal agency)
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. A shared, stable Perso-Arabic loanword across Punjabi Christian, Muslim, and general usage; transliteration retained, no paraphrase needed. Must be taught as a personal, defeated spiritual enemy actively hindering mission (2:18) and tempting believers (3:5), categorically distinct from ਮਾਇਆ.
Soul
Approved rendering: ਜਾਨ
Transliteration: jaan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers / Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਆਤਮਾ (reserved for the separately-flagged anthropological-spirit and Holy-Spirit senses; using it here would collapse the ψυχή/πνεῦμα distinction)
Original: ψυχή
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Part of the whole human person (spirit, soul, body) preserved for Christ’s coming (5:23). Must not be read as an eternal, independently-migrating atma; the passage teaches an integrated person preserved for one bodily resurrection, not transmigration.
Spirit Anthropological
Approved rendering: ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα (anthropological)
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. The human spirit, part of the whole person preserved for Christ’s coming (5:23). AMBIGUITY FLAG: ਆਤਮਾ is also the established rendering for the Holy Spirit (ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ). Context must clearly disambiguate the human spirit from the divine Holy Spirit, and from the Sikh/Hindu atma that migrates independently across bodies. In 5:23, always frame as part of the tripartite ਆਤਮਾ/ਜਾਨ/ਸਰੀਰ list kept whole, never standing alone unqualified.
Idols
Approved rendering: ਮੂਰਤੀਆਂ
Transliteration: murtiyan
Doctrine: Turning from Idols to the Living God
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Objects of false worship from which the Thessalonians ‘turned to God’ (1:9). Potential partial bridge since Sikhism formally rejects murti-puja, but must convey a total change of ultimate allegiance to the one true, personal, living God, not a mere ritual-practice switch.
Faithful God
Approved rendering: ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰ
Transliteration: vafadar
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: πιστός
Category: God
NEW term for this curriculum. Describes God’s reliable, unchanging character grounding assurance in his calling (5:24). Grounds assurance in God’s own character rather than gradual meditative progress toward mukti; paired with baseline ਸੱਦਾ.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: ਮੰਡਲੀ
Transliteration: mandli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ, ਮੰਦਰ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The church of the Thessalonians in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ’ (1:1).
Holy
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ
Transliteration: pavittar
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Adjectival form throughout chapters 3-5; comparatively low-risk overlap with Sikh liturgical usage of pavittar.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Raj
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Called you into his own kingdom and glory’ (2:12); guard against Khalsa Raj political-sovereignty association.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ
Transliteration: paraiyan kaumaan
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 2:16 (Gentiles hindered from hearing the gospel); 4:5 used generically for outsiders ‘who do not know God.’ Ensure ਕੌਮਾਂ is read generically, not as reference to any specific qaum-identity group.
Peace
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Greeting (1:1); contrasted with false ‘peace and security’ before judgment (5:3); divine title ‘the God of peace himself’ (5:23). Distinguish from ਸਹਿਜ (Sikh meditative equipoise) especially in 5:23.
Intercession
Approved rendering: ਵਿਚੋਲਗੀ
Transliteration: vicholgi
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to 1 Thessalonians’ prayer passages (3:10; 5:17, 25); direct access to God in Christ’s name, distinct from petitioning through a Guru’s mediation or at a Sant’s dera.
Descend From Heaven
Approved rendering: ਉਤਰੇਗਾ
Transliteration: utrega
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: καταβήσεται
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. The Lord’s physical, spatial descent from heaven at his coming (4:16). Same avatar-descent caution as parousia: a single historical event, not a repeatable divine-descent pattern.
Sons Of Light Darkness
Approved rendering: ਚਾਨਣ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ / ਹਨੇਰੇ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: chanan de puttar / hanere de puttar
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: υἱοὶ φωτός / υἱοὶ σκότους
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Moral-spiritual identity categories describing readiness/unreadiness for the Day of the Lord (5:5); must be read as moral-relational identity in Christ, not an impersonal metaphysical dualism.
Meeting
Approved rendering: ਮਿਲਣੀ / ਸੁਆਗਤ
Transliteration: milni / swagat
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: ἀπάντησις
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. The formal, ceremonial act of going out to welcome and escort a returning dignitary, applied to believers meeting the Lord (4:17). Without background explained, risks flattening to an ordinary casual meeting; pair with theological-bridge note recovering the royal-welcome image.
Grief
Approved rendering: ਸੋਗ
Transliteration: sog
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: λύπη / λυπῆσθε
Category: Faith
NEW term for this curriculum. Sorrow at the death of believers (4:13), which Paul does not forbid outright but corrects when it lacks hope. Punjabi mourning customs must be pastorally engaged, not dismissed.
Watchfulness
Approved rendering: ਜਾਗਦੇ ਰਹਿਣਾ / ਸੁਚੇਤ ਰਹਿਣਾ
Transliteration: jagde rehna / suchet rehna
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: γρηγορέω / νήφω
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Ethical-spiritual readiness for the sudden Day of the Lord (5:6); always anchor explicitly to ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ in surrounding text, since on its own this could read as generic ethical vigilance.
Sudden Destruction
Approved rendering: ਨਾਸ
Transliteration: naas
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ὄλεθρος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Sudden, total ruin falling on the unprepared at the Day of the Lord (5:3).
Security False Peace
Approved rendering: ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ
Transliteration: surakhya
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἀσφάλεια
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. ‘Peace and security’ lulls the complacent just before sudden judgment (5:3).
Breastplate
Approved rendering: ਸੀਨਾ-ਬੰਦ
Transliteration: sina-band
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: θώραξ
Category: Faith
NEW term for this curriculum. Armor metaphor for the protective power of faith and love (5:8).
Wholly
Approved rendering: ਸੰਪੂਰਨ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ
Transliteration: sampooran taur te
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ὁλοτελής
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. No single Punjabi word carries ὁλοτελής’s comprehensiveness force; periphrasis required. ‘May the God of peace sanctify you wholly’ (5:23) — pair with explicit tripartite listing (ਆਤਮਾ, ਜਾਨ, ਸਰੀਰ) so comprehensiveness is carried by sentence structure.
Idols Turning
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਵੱਲ ਮੁੜਨਾ
Transliteration: Parmeshar vall murna
Doctrine: Turning from Idols to the Living God
Original: ἐπιστρέφω πρὸς τὸν θεόν
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. The decisive turning from idols to God (1:9), the conversion event underlying ongoing sanctification; pairs with idols entry above.
Deliverer
Approved rendering: ਬਚਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ
Transliteration: bachaun wala
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Deliverance
Original: ῥυόμενον
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Jesus as the one who rescues believers from the coming wrath (1:10).
Holiness State
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰਤਾ
Transliteration: pavittarta
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. The settled quality/state of holiness sanctification aims at, prayed for in 3:13. MUST be distinguished from baseline ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ (the ongoing sanctifying process); this names the resulting state.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: ਹਰਾਮਕਾਰੀ
Transliteration: haramkari
Doctrine: Sexual Purity as Concrete Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮਚਾਰੀ / ਸੰਜਮ (ascetic-renunciate vocabulary, rejected — imports a withdrawal-from-life ideal foreign to Paul’s married-household context)
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Sexual activity outside biblical marriage, from which sanctification requires abstention (4:3). Culturally sensitive in Punjab’s honor-conscious context; must be heard as a moral-theological category tied to holiness before a personal God, not merely a social-honor violation.
Impurity
Approved rendering: ਅਪਵਿੱਤਰਤਾ
Transliteration: apavittarta
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἀκαθαρσία
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Moral impurity, the direct antonym of the holiness God calls believers to (4:7); keep the contrast with ਪਵਿੱਤਰਤਾ/ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ sharp.
Lust Desire
Approved rendering: ਕਾਮਨਾ
Transliteration: kamna
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Sinful craving contrasted with holy conduct in marriage relations (4:5).
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: ਭਰੱਪਣ ਦਾ ਪਿਆਰ
Transliteration: bhrappan da pyar
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Quiet Labor
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Love among believers as spiritual siblings, taught directly by God (4:9).
Quench Spirit
Approved rendering: ਬੁਝਾਉਣਾ
Transliteration: bujhauna
Doctrine: Discernment of Spirit-Given Utterances
Original: σβέννυτε
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. The warning not to suppress the Holy Spirit’s active work in the gathered community (5:19); paired with the Critical-risk baseline term ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ.
Test Examine
Approved rendering: ਪਰਖਣਾ
Transliteration: parakhna
Doctrine: Discernment of Spirit-Given Utterances
Original: δοκιμάζετε
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Discernment applied even to claimed Spirit-given utterances (5:21), guarding against uncritical acceptance while not quenching genuine Spirit-given prophecy.
Apostolic Instruction
Approved rendering: ਹੁਕਮ
Transliteration: hukam
Doctrine: Sanctification / The Return of Christ
Original: παραγγελία
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. DUAL-USAGE FLAG: legitimate established Christian usage (cf. ਦਸ ਹੁਕਮ, Ten Commandments) for a specific, personal, one-time apostolic/divine directive (4:2) and for the ‘cry of command’ at Christ’s descent (4:16, see cry_of_command entry). NEVER let ਹੁਕਮ drift toward naming the Sikh doctrine of Waheguru’s ongoing, impersonal cosmic Divine Order (submitted to daily in Ardas and Gurbani); confine strictly to fixed, personal, one-time directives.
Cry Of Command
Approved rendering: ਹੁਕਮ ਦੀ ਅਵਾਜ਼
Transliteration: hukam di awaz
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: κέλευσμα
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. The authoritative summons accompanying the Lord’s descent (4:16), a specific, personal, once-spoken command by Christ at a fixed moment — must not be read through the lens of the Sikh doctrine of impersonal ਹੁਕਮ (see apostolic_instruction entry for the shared caution).
Steadfastness Endurance
Approved rendering: ਸਬਰ
Transliteration: sabar
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Faith
NEW term for this curriculum. Patient endurance rooted in hope of Christ’s return (1:3). Widely shared Perso-Arabic loanword across Punjabi religious traditions; risk is being heard as stoic resignation to loss rather than hope-fueled endurance — always anchor explicitly to Christ’s coming, e.g. ‘ਆਸ ਦਾ ਸਬਰ’ (hope’s endurance).
Affliction
Approved rendering: ਕਸ਼ਟ
Transliteration: kashat
Doctrine: Apostolic Ministry and Suffering
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Faith
NEW term for this curriculum. Persecution suffering as an expected feature of the Christian life (3:3-4), not a sign of divine abandonment.
Establish Strengthen
Approved rendering: ਮਜ਼ਬੂਤ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: mazboot karna
Doctrine: Apostolic Ministry and Suffering
Original: στηρίζω
Category: Faith
NEW term for this curriculum. Timothy’s mission to establish and encourage believers amid affliction (3:2, 13).
Full Assurance
Approved rendering: ਪੂਰਾ ਭਰੋਸਾ
Transliteration: pura bharosa
Doctrine: Gospel Reception and Power
Original: πληροφορία
Category: Faith
NEW term for this curriculum. Settled certainty accompanying the Thessalonians’ reception of the gospel (1:5). Distinct from ਆਸ (future-directed hope); ਭਰੋਸਾ names present settled confidence — do not merge the two terms.
Prayer
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਾਰਥਨਾ
Transliteration: prarthna
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχεσθε
Category: Faith
NEW term for this curriculum. Continual dependence on God (5:17); direct access to God in Christ’s name, not through Guru-mediated petition or at a Sant’s dera.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਬਚਨ
Transliteration: Prabhu da bachan
Doctrine: Authority of the Apostolic Word
Original: λόγῳ Κυρίου
Category: Covenant
NEW term for this curriculum. A directly revealed message from the Lord grounding the resurrection/rapture teaching of 4:15-17, and the reception of apostolic teaching as ‘the word of God’ (2:13). Must convey Scripture-level divine authority without implying an ongoing living-revelation structure analogous to the Guru Granth Sahib’s status.
Crown Of Exultation
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਦਾ ਤਾਜ
Transliteration: khushi da taj
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: στέφανος καυχήσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. The victor’s wreath image of the Thessalonian converts as Paul’s future joy at Christ’s coming (2:19); links apostolic-ministry doctrine to the Return of Christ.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਚੁੰਮਣ
Transliteration: pavittar chumman
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW term for this curriculum. A customary greeting among believers signifying fellowship and equality (5:26). CULTURAL-ADAPTATION FLAG (not a doctrinal collision): literal cheek/hand-kissing as a greeting is culturally unusual in general Punjabi social practice, especially at mixed-gender gatherings. Footnote the original cultural setting rather than prescribing literal modern replication.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ਧੰਨਵਾਦ
Transliteration: dhanvad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Recurring epistolary refrain: 1:2; 2:13; 3:9; 5:18.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ
Transliteration: bhavikhbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Do not despise prophecies… but test everything’ (5:20-21).
Exhort
Approved rendering: ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ / ਬੇਨਤੀ / ਦਿਲਾਸਾ ਦਿਓ
Transliteration: utshahit karna / benti / dilasa dio
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package, EXTENDED for this curriculum with a third context-sense. Baseline senses: ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ (encourage/build up), ਬੇਨਤੀ (entreaty). NEW third sense for 1 Thessalonians: ਦਿਲਾਸਾ ਦਿਓ (console) required for grief-consolation contexts, specifically 4:18 and 5:11, where the sense is comforting the grieving, not exhortation to obey.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ਸੰਗਤ
Transliteration: sangat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ਦੋਸਤੀ
Inherited from Romans package. OPPORTUNITY term, relevant to the ‘holy kiss’ fellowship context (5:26). ਸੰਗਤ is a genuine bridge word: the gathered faith community, without importing contradictory theology.
Archangel
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਦੂਤ
Transliteration: pradhan doot
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਆਰਕੇਂਜਲ (unintelligible transliteration, rejected)
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. A ranking angelic being heralding Christ’s return (4:16); standard descriptive compound already used in Punjabi Bible tradition for angelic ranks.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: ਤੁਰ੍ਹੀ
Transliteration: turhi
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Signals the public, unmistakable, universal nature of Christ’s return (4:16).
Clouds
Approved rendering: ਬੱਦਲ
Transliteration: baddal
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: νεφέλαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Signals divine glory at the gathering of believers to Christ (4:17); echoes Christ’s own ascension and Daniel 7:13 imagery.
Thief In Night
Approved rendering: ਚੋਰ
Transliteration: chor
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: κλέπτης ἐν νυκτί
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Standard, low-risk metaphor for the sudden, unexpected arrival of the Day of the Lord (5:2).
Labor Pains
Approved rendering: ਜਣੇਪੇ ਦੀ ਪੀੜ
Transliteration: janepe di peer
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ὠδίν
Category: Eschatology
NEW term for this curriculum. Metaphor for the suddenness and inescapability of the Day of the Lord’s onset (5:3).
Helmet
Approved rendering: ਟੋਪ
Transliteration: top
Doctrine: Hope in Grief / Resurrection of Believers
Original: περικεφαλαία
Category: Faith
NEW term for this curriculum. Armor metaphor for the protective hope of salvation (5:8). Low risk standalone; combines with Critical/High terms in the full phrase — see helmet_of_hope_of_salvation.
Body
Approved rendering: ਸਰੀਰ
Transliteration: sareer
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: σῶμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Standard, unambiguous term for the physical body, part of the whole person preserved for Christ’s coming (5:23).
Joy Rejoice
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ੀ
Transliteration: khushi
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: χαρά / χαίρετε
Category: Faith
NEW term for this curriculum. Gladness rooted in God, commanded as a standing posture regardless of circumstance (5:16), closely tied to assured hope.
Imitators
Approved rendering: ਅਨੁਕਰਣ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ
Transliteration: anukaran karan wale
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: μιμηταί
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Those who copy the apostolic and dominical pattern of life (1:6).
Toil Labor
Approved rendering: ਮਿਹਨਤ
Transliteration: mihnat
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Quiet Labor
Original: κόπος
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Apostolic and communal manual labor as a positive value and mark of sanctified life (1:3; 2:9; 4:11).
Patience Longsuffering
Approved rendering: ਸਹਿਨਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ
Transliteration: sahinshilta
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for this curriculum. Patience commanded toward all people within the sanctified community (5:14).
Christ Died
Approved rendering: ਮਰ ਗਿਆ
Transliteration: mar gaya
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀπέθανεν
Category: Christology
NEW term for this curriculum. The plain, historical statement that Jesus died (4:14), foundational to the resurrection argument. Low risk standalone; note the distinct Critical-risk substitutionary sense at 5:10 (see died_for_us).
Referenced passages