Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 John — English → Indonesian
How to Read This Table
- Status: REUSED (from baseline Romans package, rendering fixed, do not alter) or NEW (introduced for 1 John, proposed rendering below).
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the shared risk_definitions in the baseline
doctrine_risk_registry.json. - Chapters: every 1 John chapter in which the term is load-bearing.
- Alternatives rejected and collision notes are given for every Critical/High term per the hard-rule requirement that every such assignment carry a specific, grounded reason.
Category A: Godhead, Christ, and the Spirit
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Indonesian Rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Doctrine | Notes / Alternatives Rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός / theos | Allah | REUSED | Critical | 1-5 | God is Light and God is Love | Baseline rendering retained exactly. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous | Yesus | REUSED | Critical | 1-5 | Incarnation; Antichrist | Never “Nabi Isa,” per baseline forbidden-substitution rule. |
| Christ / Messiah | Χριστός / Christos | Kristus | REUSED (extends baseline “messiah” = Mesias) | Critical | 1-5 | Incarnation; Antichrist | 1 John’s defining test — “Jesus is the Christ” (2:22; 5:1) — must retain “Kristus” as fixed title, not softened to “seorang guru rohani” or “nabi.” |
| Son of God | υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ / huios tou Theou | Anak Allah | REUSED | Critical | 2, 3, 4, 5 | Sonship of Christ; Incarnation and Antichrist | Baseline note applies without change: eternal, relational Sonship, not physical procreation, which the Quran explicitly denies of Allah. |
| Only begotten Son | υἱὸν … μονογενῆ / huion monogenē | Anak-Nya yang tunggal | NEW | Critical | 4 | Sonship of Christ | Rejected: “Anak Allah yang diperanakkan” (invokes the Quran’s exact denied vocabulary, “diperanakkan”). Chosen rendering preserves uniqueness of relationship without procreative wording; requires theologian-reviewed note at every occurrence (4:9), same protocol as Anak Allah. |
| Father (of God) | πατήρ / patēr | Bapa | REUSED | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | Adoption / Children of God | Baseline note applies without change: relational/adoptive language, not physical parentage. |
| Holy Spirit / the Spirit | Πνεῦμα (ἅγιον) / Pneuma (hagion) | Roh Kudus | REUSED | Critical | 3, 4, 5 | Testing the Spirits; Fellowship | Baseline note applies: distinct from the Islamic Ruh al-Qudus (commonly identified with the angel Gabriel), a divine Person, not a created being. |
| Advocate / Paraclete | παράκλητος / paraklētos | Pembela | NEW | Critical | 2 | Prayer and Intercession (extends baseline) | Rejected: unqualified “Penolong” alone without note (risks conflation with popular Islamic apologetic claims equating “the Paraclete” with Muhammad). Chosen term distinguishes Christ’s forensic advocacy before the Father, grounded in his finished atoning work, from any prophetic-intercessor framework. Requires theologian-reviewed note at every occurrence (2:1). |
| Savior | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Juruselamat | NEW | High | 4 | Salvation | Rejected: no adequate Islamic-vocabulary parallel exists to risk (Islam has no singular mediating Savior figure); risk lies in softening the exclusivity of “Savior of the world,” not in a false-friend substitution. |
| the true God (of Christ) | ὁ ἀληθινὸς Θεός / ho alēthinos Theos | Allah yang benar | NEW | Critical | 5 | Deity of Christ | Direct predication of deity onto Jesus Christ (5:20); requires the most careful theologian review of any term in this glossary, parallel to baseline’s “deity_of_christ” entry. No softening (“a godly one,” “God’s representative”) is permitted. |
Category B: Salvation, Atonement, and the New Birth
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Indonesian Rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Doctrine | Notes / Alternatives Rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salvation | σωτηρία / sōtēria (implied through sōtēr, 4:14) | keselamatan | REUSED | Critical | 4 | Salvation | Baseline note applies without change. |
| Faith / Believe | πίστις / πιστεύω — pistis / pisteuō | iman (noun) / percaya (verb) | REUSED (verb form NEW, tied to baseline noun) | High | 3, 4, 5 | Faith; Assurance of Salvation | Object of belief (Jesus as Christ, Son of God) must remain explicit at every occurrence per baseline note; never generic religious assent. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | kebenaran | REUSED | Critical | 2, 3 | Salvation | Baseline note applies; see also “truth” below for the Indonesian-specific collision between these two distinct Greek concepts. |
| Truth | ἀλήθεια / alētheia | kebenaran | NEW (shares baseline’s “kebenaran” word) | High | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | Fellowship; Confession | Translation-collision flag: Indonesian “kebenaran” renders both δικαιοσύνη (righteousness/right-standing) and ἀλήθεια (truth/factual-doctrinal reality) — two distinct Greek concepts pervasive throughout 1 John (e.g., “walk in the truth,” “the Spirit of truth,” “doing the truth”). Every occurrence must be disambiguated by context; where confusion is likely, a clarifying gloss (“kebenaran firman” for doctrinal truth vs. “kebenaran” alone for righteous standing) is recommended. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | dosa | REUSED | Medium | 1, 2, 3, 5 | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Baseline note applies without change. |
| Confess (sin) | ὁμολογέω / homologeō | mengaku(i) dosa | NEW | Medium | 1 | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Distinct object from “confess Christ” below; must not be assimilated to Islamic tawbah ritual repentance or sacramental confession; direct, personal, ongoing acknowledgment to God grounded in Christ’s atonement. |
| Confess (Christ) | ὁμολογέω / homologeō | mengaku | NEW | Critical | 2, 4 | Incarnation and Antichrist; Sonship of Christ | Same Greek verb as above but Christological object (2:23; 4:2-3,15) makes this Critical, inheriting Anak Allah and Firman yang menjadi manusia teaching requirements. |
| Cleanse | καθαρίζω / katharizō | menyucikan | NEW | Medium | 1 | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Must not be read as ritual/ceremonial purification (e.g., wudhu-parallel); forensic/relational cleansing via Christ’s blood. |
| Blood of Jesus | αἷμα Ἰησοῦ / haima Iēsou | darah Yesus | NEW | High | 1 | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; Incarnation | Substitutionary atonement via literal shed blood has no counterpart in Islamic theology, which denies the crucifixion occurred (Quran 4:157). |
| Propitiation / Atoning sacrifice | ἱλασμός / hilasmos | korban pendamaian | NEW | Critical | 2, 4 | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; God is Love | Rejected: “pahala penghapus dosa” (imports merit-based deeds framework). No Islamic doctrine of a substitutionary sacrifice satisfying divine wrath exists; requires theologian-reviewed note at every occurrence (2:2; 4:10), same protocol as baseline’s “pembenaran.” |
| Born of God | γεννάω ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ / gennaō ek tou Theou | lahir dari Allah | NEW | Critical | 2, 3, 4, 5 | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | Rejected: “diperanakkan oleh Allah” (invokes the Quran’s precise denied vocabulary, Surah Al-Ikhlas). Chosen rendering names spiritual regeneration; requires teaching note distinguishing from any claim about Allah’s biological generation of offspring at every occurrence. |
| Children of God | τέκνα Θεοῦ / tekna Theou | anak-anak Allah | NEW (distinct Greek term from baseline’s adoption/huiothesia) | Critical | 2, 3 | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth; Adoption | Complementary image to baseline’s “pengangkatan sebagai anak” (adoption/legal-placement); 1 John uses the birth/family-nature image instead. Teach both images together as consistent, non-competing biblical pictures. |
| Seed of God | σπέρμα (αὐτοῦ) / sperma (autou) | benih Allah / benih-Nya | NEW | High | 3 | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | Figurative for implanted divine life/nature; must not be read literalistically as physical generation (same collision family as “born of God” above). |
| Eternal Life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος / zōē aiōnios | hidup yang kekal | NEW | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 5 | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | A present, knowable possession (5:13), contrasting sharply with Islamic eschatology’s genuine uncertainty of ultimate destiny pending final judgment and the weighing of deeds. Requires theologian-reviewed framing at every occurrence. |
Category C: Love, Fellowship, and Christian Life
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Indonesian Rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Doctrine | Notes / Alternatives Rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Love (agape) | ἀγάπη / agapē | kasih | NEW | High | 2, 3, 4, 5 | God is Light and God is Love; Love for the Brethren | Distinct from “cinta” (romantic love); the claim that God’s very nature IS love (4:8,16), not merely one attribute among many (cf. Islam’s Al-Wadud), requires teaching support so it is not read as a generic divine-attribute list item. |
| Beloved (address) | ἀγαπητοί / agapētoi | yang terkasih | NEW | Low | 2, 3, 4 | — | Standard pastoral address term; no syncretism concern. |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία / koinōnia | persekutuan | REUSED | Low | 1 | Fellowship with God and One Another | Baseline rendering retained exactly; note the double object in 1:3 — fellowship with believers grounded in fellowship with the Father and Son. |
| Abide / Remain | μένω / menō | tinggal | NEW | High | 2, 3, 4 | Fellowship with God and One Another | Must be anchored to the Spirit’s given indwelling and confession of the Son (3:24; 4:13,15), not to an achievable mystical-union state through spiritual technique or discipline (risk of conflation with Sufi-influenced union concepts). |
| Light / Darkness | φῶς / σκοτία — phōs / skotia | terang / kegelapan | NEW | Medium | 1, 2 | God is Light and God is Love | Ordinary concrete words retained (not “pencerahan,” which carries generic-enlightenment/mysticism connotations); names God’s moral purity, not an attainable gnosis. |
| Walk (conduct) | περιπατέω / peripateō | hidup | NEW | Low-Medium | 1, 2 | Fellowship with God and One Another | Established Alkitab TB idiom (“hidup dalam terang/kegelapan”); ethical-lifestyle sense, not literal ambulation. |
| Faithful and Just | πιστὸς καὶ δίκαιος / pistos kai dikaios | setia dan adil | NEW | Medium | 1 | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | ”Adil” shared with Islamic Al-‘Adl (acceptable convergence); “setia” (covenant faithfulness/reliability) must not be lost as the more distinctively relational half of the pair. |
| Commandment | ἐντολή / entolē | perintah | NEW | Medium | 2, 3, 4, 5 | Love for the Brethren; Obedience of Faith (extends baseline) | Kept distinct from baseline’s “Hukum Taurat” (Mosaic Law); relational command flowing from new birth and love, not an independent legal-code compliance framework (parallels baseline’s ketaatan iman vs. ketaatan syariat distinction). |
| Love of the World | ἀγάπη τοῦ κόσμου / agapē tou kosmou | kasih akan dunia | NEW | Medium | 2 | Overcoming the World | Contrasted with love of the Father; requires “world” (kosmos) disambiguation, see below. |
| World | κόσμος / kosmos | dunia | NEW | Medium | 2, 3, 4, 5 | Overcoming the World | Ranges from neutral created order/mission field (4:9) to the opposed value-system (2:15-17; 5:19); context must disambiguate sense at each occurrence. |
| Lust of flesh / eyes; pride of life | ἐπιθυμία τῆς σαρκός κτλ. | keinginan daging, keinginan mata, keangkuhan hidup | NEW | Medium | 2 | Overcoming the World | Shared moral vocabulary with Islamic teaching against nafs; must remain anchored to opposition to “the Father” (relational), not generalized asceticism. |
| Confidence / Boldness | παρρησία / parrēsia | keberanian / keyakinan | NEW | High | 3, 4 | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | Contrasts with Islamic eschatology’s inherent uncertainty before final judgment; confidence grounded in Christ’s finished work, not deeds-weighing. |
| Day of Judgment | ἡμέρα τῆς κρίσεως / hēmera tēs kriseōs | hari penghakiman | NEW | Medium | 4 | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | Shared eschatological event-category with Islam (yaum al-din); basis of confidence facing it must be kept distinct. |
| Fear | φόβος / phobos | ketakutan | NEW | Medium | 4 | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | Anxious dread of judgment/punishment specifically, distinguished from reverential “fear of the Lord” vocabulary elsewhere in Scripture. |
| Liar | ψεύστης / pseustēs | pendusta | NEW | Medium | 1, 2, 4 | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | John’s diagnostic term for false profession without corresponding reality; retains categorical force. |
| Overcome the World | νικάω τὸν κόσμον / nikaō ton kosmon | mengalahkan dunia | NEW | High | 2, 4, 5 | Overcoming the World | Victory secured specifically through faith in Christ (birth → belief → victory, 5:1-5), not ascetic self-effort, ritual practice, or a struggle-based (jihad-like) victory framework. |
| Testimony / Witness | μαρτυρία, μαρτυρέω / martyria, martyreō | kesaksian / bersaksi | NEW | Medium | 1, 4, 5 | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | Eyewitness/legal-testimony force should be retained, not softened to subjective personal impression. |
| Water and Blood | ὕδωρ καὶ αἷμα / hydōr kai haima | air dan darah | NEW | Medium | 5 | The Incarnation and Antichrist | Requires textual-transparency note re: the Comma Johanneum (5:7-8 Trinitarian-formula addition in later manuscripts/KJV tradition, absent from earliest Greek mss and from Alkitab TB); do not introduce the disputed wording as original text. |
| Sin unto death / not unto death | ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον / οὐ πρὸς θάνατον | dosa yang mendatangkan kematian / dosa yang tidak mendatangkan kematian | NEW | Medium | 5 | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Pastoral distinction concerning intercessory-prayer efficacy in a specific case, not a fixed sin-severity taxonomy parallel to Islamic kabā’ir/saghā’ir categories. |
| Ask according to His will | αἰτώμεθα κατὰ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ | berdoa/memohon sesuai dengan kehendak-Nya | NEW | Medium | 5 | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | Personal petition grounded in confident access (parrēsia); distinct from baseline’s Critical “doa syafaat” (Christ’s/Spirit’s mediatorial intercession) though thematically related. |
| Idols | εἴδωλα / eidōla | berhala-berhala | NEW | Low | 5 | Overcoming the World | Shared negative moral vocabulary/conviction with Islam (shirk); low-collision convergence point, but “idols” should include any rival ultimate loyalty, not only literal cultic objects. |
| The evil one / devil | ὁ πονηρός / ὁ διάβολος — ho ponēros / ho diabolos | si jahat / Iblis | NEW | Medium | 2, 3, 5 | The Incarnation and Antichrist; Overcoming the World | ”Iblis” is shared, compatible vocabulary with the Quranic fallen being who refused to bow to Adam; comparatively low-collision, though full narrative details differ between the traditions. |
| Cain / Abel | Κάϊν / Ἅβελ | Kain / Habel | NEW (proper names) | Medium | 3 | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | Use established Alkitab TB forms, not the Quranic forms “Qabil”/“Habil” (Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:27-31), to keep the account anchored to its canonical biblical narrative and point. |
| Lay down one’s life | τὴν ψυχὴν τιθέναι / tēn psychēn tithenai | menyerahkan nyawa(-Nya) | NEW | High | 3 | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | Tied to the crucifixion, denied by Islamic theology (Quran 4:157); read together with atonement vocabulary (blood, propitiation), not as a detached ethical exemplar story. |
| Word of Life | ὁ λόγος τῆς ζωῆς / ho logos tēs zōēs | Firman hidup | NEW (built on baseline “Firman yang menjadi manusia”) | Critical | 1 | The Incarnation and Antichrist | Echoes John 1:1,14; inherits the baseline’s Incarnation teaching-note requirement (eternal Son’s real, touchable human existence, contra Islamic tanzih). |
| Anointing | χρῖσμα / chrisma | pengurapan | NEW | High | 2 | Testing the Spirits | Must be distinguished from (a) popular charismatic-Indonesian usage treating “anointing” as personal transferable spiritual potency, and (b) Islamic baraka (transferable blessing tied to holy persons/places); names the Spirit’s own equally-given indwelling teaching ministry. |
| Antichrist | ἀντίχριστος / antichristos | antikristus | NEW | Critical | 2, 4 | The Incarnation and Antichrist | Requires translator note distinguishing from Indonesian Islamic eschatology’s al-Dajjal (“the Impostor”), whose role is not defined by 1 John’s specific mark: denial of the Father-Son relationship and Jesus’s messianic/divine identity. |
| Test the spirits | δοκιμάζετε τὰ πνεύματα / dokimazete ta pneumata | ujilah roh-roh itu | NEW | High | 4 | Testing the Spirits | Objective, content-based (Christological) test, not an experiential/ecstatic discernment technique; must not be filled in with indigenous spirit-discernment practices. |
| Spirit of truth / spirit of error | πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας / πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης | Roh kebenaran / roh yang sesat | NEW | High | 4 | Testing the Spirits | Binary spiritual-doctrinal test rooted in confession of the incarnate Christ; not a general claim comparing religious traditions as such. |
| False prophets | ψευδοπροφῆται / pseudoprophētai | nabi-nabi palsu | NEW (extends baseline “prophet” = nabi) | High | 4 | Testing the Spirits | Inherits baseline’s “nabi” collision note (Islam’s closed prophetic line); here the category is defined by failing the Christological confession test, not a claim about the general category of prophethood as such. |
Category D: Chapters Reviewed with No New Load-Bearing Terms
Every chapter of 1 John contributes load-bearing theological vocabulary; no chapter is without new or reused terms. For completeness of the full-book coverage mandate:
- 1 John 1 — reviewed in full above (Word of Life, fellowship, light/darkness, sin, confession, cleansing, blood of Jesus).
- 1 John 2 — reviewed in full above (advocate, propitiation, commandment, world, antichrist, anointing, children of God).
- 1 John 3 — reviewed in full above (love one another, Cain/Abel, laying down life, confidence, the Spirit given to us).
- 1 John 4 — vv.1-6 reviewed above (testing the spirits, confessing Christ in the flesh, spirit of truth/error); vv.7-21 receive full verse-by-verse treatment in
07_semantic_analysis.mdPart 1 (the core passage). - 1 John 5 — reviewed in full above (believe, overcome the world, water and blood, testimony, eternal life, sin unto death, idols, the evil one, the true God).
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: Allah
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Allah has been the established Indonesian Christian term since the 17th-century Malay Bible; the risk lies in surrounding vocabulary (rasul, nabi, syafaat, diperanakkan), not this word itself. Extended for 1 John: grounds the ontological claims ‘Allah adalah terang’ (1:5) and ‘Allah adalah kasih’ (4:8,16).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yesus
Transliteration: Yesus
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa, Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never Nabi Isa or bare Isa — the Islamic prophetic framing denying the crucifixion (Quran 4:157), directly contradicted by 1 John’s insistence on eyewitness testimony to Christ’s real, physical death and resurrection (1:1-3; 5:6-8).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Anak Allah
Transliteration: Anak Allah
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Every occurrence in 1 John (2:22-23; 3:8,23; 4:9-10,15; 5:5,10-13,20) requires the same theologian-reviewed teaching note as baseline: eternal, relational Sonship, not physical procreation, which the Quran explicitly and repeatedly denies of Allah.
Father
Approved rendering: Bapa
Transliteration: Bapa
Doctrine: Children of God and Family Identity
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Every occurrence needs teaching support clarifying relational/adoptive-birth language, not physical parentage, especially where 1 John pairs Bapa directly with ‘born of God’ and ‘children of God’ vocabulary (2:29-3:2; 4:9-10).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Kudus
Transliteration: Roh Kudus
Doctrine: Anointing of the Holy Spirit
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ Πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Every occurrence in 1 John (3:24; 4:2,6,13; 5:6-8) needs a note distinguishing this divine Person from the Islamic Ruh al-Qudus, generally identified with the angel Gabriel, a created being, not a Trinitarian Person indwelling believers.
Salvation
Approved rendering: keselamatan
Transliteration: keselamatan
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: σωτηρία (implied through σωτήρ, 4:14)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Every occurrence (implied through sōtēr, 4:14) needs explicit framing distinguishing this once-secured deliverance from Islamic soteriology’s submission-plus-deeds-weighed-against-mercy framework.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kebenaran
Transliteration: kebenaran
Doctrine: Truth and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Must not collapse into dutiful moral achievement earning standing before God; in 1 John it functions as visible evidence flowing from new birth already received (2:29; 3:7,10), not the basis for it. Indonesian ‘kebenaran’ also renders alētheia (truth) — see the new ‘truth’ entry below for the resulting crowded-neighborhood collision.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesias
Transliteration: Mesias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 John the confessional title function is carried by ‘Kristus’ (see new entry below) rather than ‘Mesias’; both terms name the same reality and must never be softened toward the Quranic Isa al-Masih (a prophet, not the divine incarnate Son).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Firman yang menjadi manusia
Transliteration: Firman yang menjadi manusia
Doctrine: The Incarnation of Christ
Rejected alternatives: inkarnasi
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in 1 John by the new ‘word_of_life’ and ‘confess_christ’ entries below, and by 4:2-3’s confession test (‘Yesus Kristus telah datang sebagai manusia’). Islamic tanzih theology holds this inconceivable for a transcendent God.
Intercession
Approved rendering: doa syafaat
Transliteration: doa syafaat
Doctrine: Advocacy and Intercession of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in 1 John by the new ‘advocate’ (Pembela) entry below at 2:1, which names Christ’s own present advocacy rather than the Spirit’s ministry; both must be distinguished from the Islamic doctrine of shafa’a (intercession), especially any popular identification of the Paraclete with Muhammad.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Kristus
Doctrine: Antichrist and Denial of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isa al-Masih, seorang guru rohani, nabi
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
The confession ‘Jesus is the Christ’ (2:22; 5:1) is the epistle’s defining test of true vs. antichrist spirits. Kristus is used when the title functions as a name/confession formula, distinguished in Indonesian Bible usage from Mesias (the OT messianic-promise concept). Every occurrence of the confession formula requires the same theologian-reviewed note as baseline’s messianic_promise doctrine.
Only Begotten Son
Approved rendering: Anak-Nya yang tunggal
Transliteration: Anak-Nya yang tunggal
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Anak Allah yang diperanakkan, Anak tunggal-Nya yang diperanakkan
Original: υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ
Category: Christology
1 John 4:9. Rejected forms invoke the Quran’s exact denied vocabulary (Surah Al-Ikhlas: ‘Allah tidak beranak dan tiada diperanakkan’). Chosen rendering preserves uniqueness of relationship without procreative wording; requires theologian-reviewed note at every occurrence, same protocol as son_of_god.
Advocate
Approved rendering: Pembela
Transliteration: Pembela
Doctrine: Advocacy and Intercession of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Penolong (unqualified), Parakletos (bare transliteration)
Original: παράκλητος
Category: Christology
1 John 2:1. Some Muslim apologetic material identifies ‘the Paraclete’ of John 14-16 with Muhammad via a reinterpretation of paraklētos/periklytos. Though 2:1 applies the term to the risen Christ, the shared root makes this a live collision point; requires a theologian-reviewed note distinguishing Christ’s finished-work-based advocacy from any future prophetic-intercessor framework.
True God
Approved rendering: Allah yang benar
Transliteration: Allah yang benar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ambiguity-preserving NWT-tradition rendering distancing the referent from Jesus
Original: ὁ ἀληθινὸς Θεός
Category: Christology
1 John 5:20’s climactic identification of Jesus Christ as ‘the true God and eternal life’ is among the most explicit affirmations of Christ’s full deity in the NT, directly colliding with tawhid and the Quranic prohibition of shirk. Requires the most careful theologian review of any term in this file, following baseline’s deity_of_christ protocol.
Confess Christ
Approved rendering: mengaku
Transliteration: mengaku
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: shahada-style confession formula framing
Original: ὁμολογέω (Christological object)
Category: Christology
Same Greek verb (homologeō) as confess_sin but with a Christological object (2:23; 4:2-3,15), making this Critical: inherits the full teaching-note requirements of son_of_god and the Incarnation doctrine at every occurrence. Never let ‘mengaku’ stand without its object explicit in the same clause.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: korban pendamaian
Transliteration: korban pendamaian
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: pahala penghapus dosa
Original: ἱλασμός
Category: Salvation
1 John 2:2; 4:10. Islamic theology has no doctrine of a substitutionary sacrifice satisfying divine wrath — sin is addressed through tawbah, rahmat, and the weighing of deeds. Requires theologian-reviewed teaching support at every occurrence, same protocol as baseline’s pembenaran.
Born Of God
Approved rendering: lahir dari Allah
Transliteration: lahir dari Allah
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: diperanakkan oleh Allah
Original: γεγέννηται/γεννηθῇ ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
1 John 2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1,4,18. Rejected form invokes the Quran’s precise denied vocabulary (Surah Al-Ikhlas). Chosen rendering names spiritual regeneration, not biological generation; requires a distinguishing teaching note at every occurrence — the single most recurrent Critical-risk vocabulary family in the letter (12+ occurrences).
Children Of God
Approved rendering: anak-anak Allah
Transliteration: anak-anak Allah
Doctrine: Children of God and Family Identity
Rejected alternatives: diperanakkan-based phrasing
Original: τέκνα Θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
1 John 2:29-3:2; 3:10; 5:2. A distinct Greek image (tekna) from baseline’s adoption/huiothesia (legal placement, Romans 8); 1 John uses the birth/family-nature image instead. Teach as complementary, non-competing biblical pictures while avoiding ‘diperanakkan’ vocabulary throughout.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: hidup yang kekal
Transliteration: hidup yang kekal
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
1 John 1:2; 2:25; 3:15; 5:11-13,20. A present, knowable possession, not only a future hope. Sharply contrasts with Islamic eschatology’s genuine uncertainty of ultimate destiny pending final judgment and the weighing of deeds. Requires theologian-reviewed framing at every occurrence, consistent with baseline’s keselamatan treatment.
Word Of Life
Approved rendering: Firman hidup
Transliteration: Firman hidup
Doctrine: The Incarnation of Christ
Original: ὁ λόγος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Christology
1 John 1:1. Built on baseline’s Firman yang menjadi manusia; echoes John 1:1,14. Requires the same theologian-reviewed teaching note: the eternal Son truly and permanently took on real, touchable human existence, inconceivable to Islamic tanzih theology.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: antikristus
Transliteration: antikristus
Doctrine: Antichrist and Denial of Christ
Rejected alternatives: unglossed conflation with al-Dajjal
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
1 John 2:18,22; 4:3. Defined specifically by denial of the Father-Son relationship and Jesus’s identity, already present in ‘many antichrists.’ Requires a translator note distinguishing this from Indonesian Islamic eschatology’s al-Dajjal, since popular apologetic material sometimes conflates the two figures.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: iman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith in Christ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (noun form). Iman shares its name with the Islamic six pillars of faith (rukun iman); the object of belief (Jesus as Christ, Son of God, 5:1,5,10) must always remain explicit, never generic religious assent.
Prophet
Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in 1 John by the new ‘false_prophets’ entry below (4:1); the category there is defined by failing the Christological confession test, not by a general claim about the closed Islamic prophetic line.
Savior
Approved rendering: Juruselamat
Transliteration: Juruselamat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
1 John 4:14, ‘Savior of the world.’ Juruselamat is the established Indonesian Christian term with no Islamic doctrinal parallel (Islam has no singular mediating Savior figure). Risk lies in softening the exclusivity of this claim into one helper among several religious mediators, not in a false-friend substitution.
Anointing
Approved rendering: pengurapan
Transliteration: pengurapan
Doctrine: Anointing of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: kuasa urapan yang dapat disalurkan (transferable impartation paraphrase)
Original: χρῖσμα
Category: Pneumatology
1 John 2:20,27. Must be distinguished from (a) popular charismatic-Indonesian usage treating anointing as a scarce, transferable personal spiritual potency of certain leaders, and (b) Islamic baraka (transferable blessing tied to holy persons/places). Names the Spirit’s own equally-given indwelling teaching ministry.
Spirit Of Truth Error
Approved rendering: Roh kebenaran / roh yang sesat
Transliteration: Roh kebenaran / roh yang sesat
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας / πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης
Category: Pneumatology
1 John 4:6. Must be read as a Christological confession test (4:2-3), not a general claim comparing religious traditions or an experiential/ecstatic discernment category detached from that confession.
Believe
Approved rendering: percaya
Transliteration: percaya
Doctrine: Faith in Christ
Original: πιστεύω
Category: Faith
Verb form paired with baseline noun iman; used with Jesus/the Son as direct object throughout (5:1,5,10,13). The object of belief must remain explicit at every occurrence, tied to new birth (5:1) and assurance of eternal life (5:13), never flattened into generic religious assent.
Truth
Approved rendering: kebenaran
Transliteration: kebenaran
Doctrine: Truth and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
Indonesian ‘kebenaran’ renders both dikaiosynē (righteousness/standing) and alētheia (truth/doctrinal reality) — two distinct Greek concepts pervasive throughout 1 John (‘walk in the truth,’ ‘Spirit of truth,’ ‘doing the truth’). Every occurrence must be disambiguated by context; a clarifying gloss (‘kebenaran firman’) is recommended where confusion with the righteousness sense is likely.
Blood Of Jesus
Approved rendering: darah Yesus
Transliteration: darah Yesus
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement
Original: τὸ αἷμα Ἰησοῦ
Category: Salvation
1 John 1:7. Substitutionary atonement through a divine-human Savior’s shed blood has no counterpart in Islamic theology, which denies the crucifixion occurred at all (Quran 4:157). Must be taught alongside propitiation as a unified atonement doctrine.
Seed Of God
Approved rendering: benih Allah
Transliteration: benih Allah
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: literalistic physical-generation phrasing
Original: σπέρμα αὐτοῦ
Category: Salvation
1 John 3:9. The figurative implanted divine life/nature abiding in the one born of God; must not be read literalistically as physical generation — same collision family as born_of_god.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: kasih
Transliteration: kasih
Doctrine: God is Love
Rejected alternatives: cinta (romantic love)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: God
The central term of the core passage (4:7-21). God’s very nature IS love (4:8,16), not merely one attribute among many (cf. Islam’s Al-Wadud within the ninety-nine names). Requires teaching support so it is not flattened into a generic divine-attribute statement or human sentiment.
Abide
Approved rendering: tinggal
Transliteration: tinggal
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: bersatu / melebur (union/absorption vocabulary)
Original: μένω
Category: Church
1 John 2:24; 3:24; 4:12-13,15-16. Must be anchored to the specific relational mechanism named — the given Spirit and confession of the Son — not to an achievable mystical-union state through spiritual technique, a risk given Sufi-influenced usage of union/absorption concepts in Indonesian religious vocabulary.
Confidence
Approved rendering: keberanian / keyakinan penuh
Transliteration: keberanian / keyakinan penuh
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: παρρησία
Category: Eschatology
1 John 3:21; 4:17; 5:14. Islamic eschatology depicts judgment day as a moment of genuine uncertainty; parrēsia’s confident stance requires explicit contrast, following baseline’s assurance_of_salvation pattern.
Overcome The World
Approved rendering: mengalahkan dunia
Transliteration: mengalahkan dunia
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: jihad-like struggle-based victory framing
Original: νικάω τὸν κόσμον
Category: Sanctification
1 John 5:4-5; also 2:13-14; 4:4. Must be explicitly grounded in faith (new birth and belief that Jesus is the Son of God, 5:1-5), not ascetic self-effort or personal spiritual striving; preserve the text’s causal order (birth → faith → victory).
Lay Down Life
Approved rendering: menyerahkan nyawa(-Nya)
Transliteration: menyerahkan nyawa(-Nya)
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: τὴν ψυχὴν τιθέναι
Category: Salvation
1 John 3:16. Christ’s voluntary self-sacrifice, the pattern for sacrificial love among believers; directly tied to the crucifixion, denied by Islamic theology (Quran 4:157) — must always be read together with blood_of_jesus and propitiation.
Test The Spirits
Approved rendering: ujilah roh-roh itu
Transliteration: ujilah roh-roh itu
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: experiential/ecstatic discernment technique framing
Original: δοκιμάζετε τὰ πνεύματα
Category: Faith
1 John 4:1. An objective, content-based (Christological) test, not a subjective discernment technique; must not be filled in with indigenous spirit-discernment practices or purely charismatic-experiential criteria.
False Prophets
Approved rendering: nabi-nabi palsu
Transliteration: nabi-nabi palsu
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: ψευδοπροφῆται
Category: Faith
1 John 4:1. Extends baseline’s nabi collision note; here the category is defined by failing the Christological confession test, not by a general claim about the category of prophethood itself.
Sent
Approved rendering: telah mengutus / telah mengirimkan
Transliteration: telah mengutus / telah mengirimkan
Doctrine: The Incarnation of Christ
Original: ἀποστέλλω
Category: Christology
1 John 4:9-10,14. God’s completed, once-for-all act of sending his Son into the world; consistent with baseline’s sending/incarnation framing already established for Romans 8:3.
Medium Risk Terms
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Must be anchored to relational offense against God rather than left as a purely legal infraction against a code; central to 1 John 1:7-2:2; 3:4-9; 5:16-17.
Confess Sin
Approved rendering: mengaku(i) dosa
Transliteration: mengaku(i) dosa
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: tawbah-style ritual repentance formula framing
Original: ὁμολογῶμεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας
Category: Sin
1 John 1:9. Must not be assimilated to Islamic ritual repentance or a sacramental confession practice; direct, personal, ongoing acknowledgment to God grounded in Christ’s finished atoning work (hilasmos), not a repeated ritual re-earning of standing.
Cleanse
Approved rendering: menyucikan
Transliteration: menyucikan
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: ritual/ceremonial purification framing (wudhu-parallel)
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Sin
1 John 1:7,9. Must not be read through a ritual-purity lens; this is forensic/relational cleansing from guilt secured through Christ’s blood, following confession.
Light Darkness
Approved rendering: terang / kegelapan
Transliteration: terang / kegelapan
Doctrine: God is Light
Rejected alternatives: pencerahan
Original: φῶς / σκοτία
Category: God
1 John 1:5,7. Retain ordinary, concrete words rather than pencerahan, which carries generic-enlightenment/mysticism connotations; the claim concerns God’s moral character and self-consistency, not an abstract illumination attainable through gnosis.
Faithful And Just
Approved rendering: setia dan adil
Transliteration: setia dan adil
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: πιστὸς καὶ δίκαιος
Category: God
1 John 1:9. ‘Adil’ resonates acceptably with the Islamic divine attribute Al-‘Adl, but ‘setia’ (covenant faithfulness) must not be lost as the more distinctively biblical-relational half of the pair.
Commandment
Approved rendering: perintah
Transliteration: perintah
Doctrine: Obedience and the Commandment of Love
Rejected alternatives: Hukum Taurat (conflation with the Mosaic Law), ketaatan syariat framing
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Sanctification
1 John 2:3-8; 3:22-24; 4:21; 5:2-3. Kept distinct from baseline’s Hukum Taurat; a relational command flowing from and evidencing new birth and indwelling love, not an independent legal-code compliance framework.
World
Approved rendering: dunia
Transliteration: dunia
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: κόσμος
Category: Sanctification
Ranges from the neutral created order/mission field (4:9) to the morally opposed value-system under the sway of the evil one (2:15-17; 5:19). Context must disambiguate which sense is active at each occurrence.
Lust Flesh Eyes Pride
Approved rendering: keinginan daging, keinginan mata, dan keangkuhan hidup
Transliteration: keinginan daging, keinginan mata, dan keangkuhan hidup
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: ἐπιθυμία τῆς σαρκός, ἐπιθυμία τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀλαζονεία τοῦ βίου
Category: Sanctification
1 John 2:16. Shares vocabulary with Islamic ascetic teaching against nafs; must remain anchored to opposition to ‘the Father,’ not generalized asceticism detached from that relational frame.
Day Of Judgment
Approved rendering: hari penghakiman
Transliteration: hari penghakiman
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: ἡμέρα τῆς κρίσεως
Category: Eschatology
1 John 4:17. Event category shared broadly with Islamic yaum al-din, but the basis of confidence facing it (Christ’s finished work vs. deeds-weighing) must be kept distinct.
Fear
Approved rendering: ketakutan
Transliteration: ketakutan
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: φόβος
Category: Eschatology
1 John 4:18. The anxious dread of coming judgment/punishment expelled by mature love; distinguish from reverential ‘fear of the Lord’ vocabulary elsewhere in Scripture.
Liar
Approved rendering: pendusta
Transliteration: pendusta
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ψεύστης
Category: Sanctification
1 John 1:10; 2:4,22; 4:20. John’s diagnostic term for false profession without corresponding reality; retain categorical force (outright falsehood, not mere inconsistency).
Testimony
Approved rendering: kesaksian / bersaksi
Transliteration: kesaksian / bersaksi
Doctrine: The Incarnation of Christ
Original: μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω
Category: Faith
1 John 1:2; 4:14; 5:6-11. Formal, credible eyewitness testimony grounding apostolic claims about Christ; retain legal-testimony force, not subjective personal impression.
Water And Blood
Approved rendering: air dan darah
Transliteration: air dan darah
Doctrine: The Incarnation of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Comma Johanneum Trinitarian-formula insertion at 5:7-8
Original: τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸ αἷμα
Category: Christology
1 John 5:6-8. Witnesses alongside the Spirit to Christ’s identity. Follow TB/TB2 in omitting the Comma Johanneum (the later manuscript/KJV-tradition addition naming Father, Word, and Holy Ghost); include a textual-transparency note rather than introducing disputed wording as original text.
Sin Unto Death
Approved rendering: dosa yang mendatangkan kematian / dosa yang tidak mendatangkan kematian
Transliteration: dosa yang mendatangkan kematian / dosa yang tidak mendatangkan kematian
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: kabā’ir/saghā’ir (Islamic major/minor sin taxonomy)
Original: ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον / οὐ πρὸς θάνατον
Category: Sin
1 John 5:16-17. A pastoral distinction about intercessory-prayer efficacy in a specific case, not a fixed sin-severity taxonomy; must not be assimilated to Islamic major/minor sin categories.
Ask According To Will
Approved rendering: berdoa/memohon sesuai dengan kehendak-Nya
Transliteration: berdoa/memohon sesuai dengan kehendak-Nya
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: αἰτώμεθα κατὰ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ
Category: Faith
1 John 5:14-15. Personal petition grounded in confident access to God; distinct from baseline’s Critical doa syafaat entry (Christ’s/Spirit’s mediatorial intercession), though thematically related.
Evil One
Approved rendering: si jahat / Iblis
Transliteration: si jahat / Iblis
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: ὁ πονηρός / ὁ διάβολος
Category: Sanctification
1 John 2:13-14; 3:8,10,12; 5:18-19. ‘Iblis’ is shared, compatible vocabulary with the Quranic fallen being who refused to bow to Adam; comparatively low-collision, though full narrative details differ and should not be assumed identical.
Cain Abel
Approved rendering: Kain / Habel
Transliteration: Kain / Habel
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: Qabil/Habil (Quranic forms)
Original: Κάϊν / Ἅβελ
Category: Sanctification
1 John 3:12. Use established Alkitab TB forms, not the Quranic forms found in Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:27-31, to keep the account anchored to its canonical biblical narrative and theological point.
Manifested
Approved rendering: dinyatakan
Transliteration: dinyatakan
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: φανερόω
Category: Salvation
1 John 1:2; 3:5,8; 4:9. Standard revelatory vocabulary, but must be tied to the concrete historical act in view (the sending/appearing of the Son), not left as generic mystical disclosure.
Know Relationally
Approved rendering: mengenal
Transliteration: mengenal
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: mengetahui (factual knowledge only)
Original: γινώσκω
Category: Faith
1 John 4:7-8; also 2:3-4,13-14. Intimate, ongoing, experiential relational knowledge of God, inseparable from loving others; Indonesian preserves the ginōskō/oida distinction via mengenal (relational) vs. mengetahui (factual).
Obligated
Approved rendering: kita wajib / kita berutang untuk
Transliteration: kita wajib / kita berutang untuk
Doctrine: Obedience and the Commandment of Love
Rejected alternatives: wajib (unqualified, fiqh-style legal obligation)
Original: ὀφείλω
Category: Sanctification
1 John 4:11; 3:16. Must be distinguished from Islamic ‘wajib’ as a category of religious legal obligation; the obligation flows from gratitude for love already received. ‘Kita berutang untuk’ is preferred over bare ‘wajib.‘
Perfected
Approved rendering: disempurnakan / mencapai kesempurnaannya
Transliteration: disempurnakan / mencapai kesempurnaannya
Doctrine: God is Love
Rejected alternatives: moral perfectionism/sinlessness framing
Original: τελειόω
Category: God
1 John 4:12,17-18. Love reaching its intended maturity/completeness in the believing community; must not be confused with achievable personal moral perfectionism (contrast 1:8-10).
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: persekutuan
Transliteration: persekutuan
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Note the double object in 1 John 1:3: fellowship with believers is grounded in, not separate from, fellowship with the Father and Son — a structural point requiring a translator note at first occurrence.
Beloved Address
Approved rendering: yang terkasih
Transliteration: yang terkasih
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: ἀγαπητοί
Category: Faith
John’s pastoral term of direct address before major exhortations (2:7; 3:2,21; 4:1,7,11). Standard, established Indonesian Bible convention; no syncretism concern, but should retain warmth in register per baseline tone guidance for relational passages.
Walk Conduct
Approved rendering: hidup
Transliteration: hidup
Doctrine: Walking in Light vs. Darkness
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
1 John 1:6-7; 2:6,11. Established Alkitab TB idiom (‘hidup dalam terang/kegelapan’); ensure the ethical-lifestyle sense, not literal ambulation, is clear from context.
Idols
Approved rendering: berhala-berhala
Transliteration: berhala-berhala
Doctrine: Idolatry and Ultimate Loyalty
Original: τὰ εἴδωλα
Category: Sanctification
1 John 5:21. A point of shared moral vocabulary/conviction with Islam’s rejection of shirk; low-collision, provided idols is taught to include any rival ultimate loyalty, not only literal cultic objects.
Referenced passages