Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Corinthians (English → Indonesian)
Consolidated per-term glossary for the 2 Corinthians curriculum, extending the baseline Romans Language Package. Terms marked “Reused” carry the baseline rendering and risk tier verbatim and must not be altered. Terms marked “New” are defined for the first time in this package and are candidates for addition to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json at the start of Phase 2, pending theologian review of all Critical/High entries.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; theologian review required every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion/syncretism risk; theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English term | Indonesian rendering | Risk | Doctrine tag (2 Cor.) | Key passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | anugerah | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving; Reconciliation | 1:2; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1,6,7,9; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14 | Extended to giving-context; never pahala. |
| faith | iman | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 13:5 | Anchor to trust in Christ specifically. |
| apostle | rasul | Critical | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 1:1; 11:5,13; 12:11-12 | Base term for false apostles/super-apostles/signs of apostleship compounds below. |
| holy | kudus | High | New Covenant vs. Old; Sincerity | 6:6; 7:1; 13:12 | Preferred over suci throughout, incl. new 2 Cor. terms (kekudusan, anak dara yang murni). |
| saints | orang-orang kudus | High | Church as God’s people | 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12 | Never wali. |
| sanctification | pengudusan | High | New Covenant vs. Old | 7:1 (kekudusan usage extends this root) | — |
| adoption | pengangkatan sebagai anak | High | Reconciliation (extends sonship theme) | 6:18 | ”Sons and daughters” (6:18) extends this doctrine. |
| resurrection | kebangkitan | High | Reconciliation; New Creation | 4:14; 5:15 | Distinguish from general end-times resurrection. |
| lord | Tuhan | Critical | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 4:5; 5:11 | Exclusive, supreme Lordship. |
| glory | kemuliaan | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old; Power in Weakness | 3:7-18; 4:4,17 | Fading (Moses) vs. surpassing (new covenant). |
| covenant | perjanjian | High | New Covenant vs. Old | 3:6,14 | Basis for “perjanjian baru.” |
| power (of God) | kuasa (Allah/Kristus) | High | Power in Weakness | 4:7; 10:4; 12:9; 13:4 | Extends to “kuasa Kristus.” |
| church | jemaat | Medium | Church corporate identity | 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23,24; 11:8,28; 12:13 | Not gereja. |
| jesus | Yesus | Critical | throughout | throughout | Never Nabi Isa. |
| god | Allah | Critical | throughout | throughout | Established term; risk lies in surrounding vocabulary. |
| holy_spirit | Roh Kudus | Critical | New Covenant vs. Old | 1:22; 3:3,6,8,17-18; 5:5 | Never confused with Ruh al-Qudus/Gabriel. |
| father | Bapa | Critical | Reconciliation | 1:2,3; 6:18 | Relational/adoptive, never physical parentage. |
| exhort | menasihati | Low | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5:20 (contextual entreaty sense) | Context-sensitive per baseline note. |
| sin | dosa | Medium | Reconciliation | 5:21 | Distinct from paraptōma (pelanggaran) nuance. |
| righteousness | kebenaran | Critical | Reconciliation; Generosity and Grace in Giving | 5:21; 9:9-10 | Two senses in this book: forensic (5:21) vs. righteous conduct (9:9-10) — flag sense per occurrence. |
| imputed_righteousness | kebenaran yang diperhitungkan | Critical | Reconciliation | 5:19 (non-imputation of sin, mirror doctrine) | Root reused for “tidak memperhitungkan” (not counting trespasses). |
| thanksgiving | ucapan syukur | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:11-12 | — |
| gentiles | bangsa-bangsa lain | Medium | (background) | — | No direct occurrence but retained for consistency if referenced in commentary. |
B. New Terms Defined for 2 Corinthians
| English term | Greek / translit. | Indonesian rendering | Risk | Doctrine tag | Key passages | Risk rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| reconciliation | καταλλαγή / katallagē | pendamaian | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18-19 | No Islamic equivalent of God-initiated restoration of hostile sinners through a mediator’s death; nearest concept (tawbah) is human-initiated and mercy-based, not God-initiated and death-based. Theologian review every occurrence. |
| reconcile / be reconciled | καταλλάσσω / katallassō | mendamaikan / didamaikan | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18-20 | Same doctrine as above; imperative “be reconciled” (5:20) must read as receiving a finished act, not achieving one. |
| ministry of reconciliation | διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς | pelayanan pendamaian | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18 | Compounds reconciliation risk with ministry/office language. |
| word of reconciliation | λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς | pekabaran pendamaian | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | Parallels baseline gospel/mission pattern; same doctrine risk. |
| new creation | καινὴ κτίσις / kainē ktisis | ciptaan baru | Critical | New Creation in Christ | 5:17 | Categorically different from Islamic tazkiyah/fitrah restoration; a genuinely new act of creation, not recovery of an original state. |
| in Christ | ἐν Χριστῷ / en Christō | di dalam Kristus | High | New Creation in Christ | 5:17,19; 13:5 | Identity from union with Christ, not religious-community (agama) registration. |
| one died for all (substitution) | εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν | satu orang telah mati untuk semua orang | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:14-15 | Substitutionary atoning death denied by mainstream Islamic teaching (no crucifixion, Qur’an 4:157). |
| made him to be sin | ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν | menjadikan Dia… sebagai dosa | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:21 | Double imputation (sin to Christ, righteousness to believer) foreign to deeds-and-mercy soteriology. |
| not counting/imputing (trespasses) | μὴ λογιζόμενος / mē logizomenos | tidak memperhitungkan | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | Forensic non-crediting, not a deeds-outweighing (mizan) framework. |
| trespasses | παράπτωμα / paraptōma | pelanggaran / kesalahan | Medium | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | Distinct nuance from dosa (general sin-condition); specific transgression. |
| ambassador | πρεσβεύω / presbeuō | utusan | Medium-High | Reconciliation with God; Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 5:20 | Must not be conflated with Critical-risk rasul; also homonym-collides with “messenger of Satan” (12:7) — disambiguate in Phase 2. |
| fear of the Lord | φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου | takut akan Tuhan | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5:11; 7:1 | Anchor to eschatological accountability, not legalistic dread. |
| judgment seat of Christ | βῆμα (τοῦ Χριστοῦ) | takhta pengadilan Kristus | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5:10 | Evaluates believers’ reward, not entry to salvation; distinguish from Yaum al-Din/mizan framework. |
| comfort/encouragement | παράκλησις / παρακαλέω | penghiburan / menghibur | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:3-7; 7:4-13 | Active, personal, ministry-shaping comfort, not fatalistic sabr/resignation. |
| affliction/suffering | θλῖψις / thlipsis | kesengsaraan / penderitaan | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:4-8; 4:17; 6:4; 8:2 | Redemptive, others-oriented ministry suffering, not impersonal fate. |
| seal / guarantee (of the Spirit) | ἀρραβών / σφραγίζω | meterai / jaminan | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry; New Covenant vs. Old | 1:22; 5:5 | The Spirit himself as down payment; distinguish from Ruh al-Qudus/Gabriel. |
| sincerity | ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια | ketulusan | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:12; 2:17; 11:3 | Same root (ἁπλότης) later means “generosity” (chs. 8-9) — disambiguate sense per occurrence. |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | perjanjian baru | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6 | Extends baseline covenant term; Christ-inaugurated, not merely an updated legal contract. |
| letter / written code | γράμμα / gramma | hukum yang tertulis | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6-7 | Not a wholesale denigration of Hukum Taurat; specifically letter-without-Spirit religion. |
| veil | κάλυμμα / kalumma | selubung | Medium-High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:13-16 | Cognitive/spiritual blindness metaphor, not literal head-covering (jilbab/hijab) teaching. |
| transformed | μεταμορφούμεθα | diubah (menjadi serupa) | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:18 | Progressive, Spirit-worked, not self-effort or mystical absorption. |
| freedom | ἐλευθερία / eleutheria | kemerdekaan | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:17 | — |
| ministers of the new covenant | διάκονοι καινῆς διαθήκης | pelayan-pelayan perjanjian baru | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6 | Inherits covenant risk. |
| image (of God) | εἰκών / eikōn | gambar/rupa Allah | Critical | New Creation in Christ (Christology) | 4:4 | Another assertion of Christ’s full deity; same care as Anak Allah. |
| treasure in jars of clay | ὀστράκινα σκεύη | bejana tanah liat | Low | Power in Weakness | 4:7 | Vivid, low syncretism risk. |
| outer man / inner man | ἔξω / ἔσω ἄνθρωπος | manusia lahiriah / manusia batiniah | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4:16 | Collides with Javanese kebatinan / Sufi lahir-batin esoteric-exoteric framework; must anchor to Pauline body-decay/Spirit-renewal, not mystical attainment levels. |
| eternal weight of glory | αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης | kemuliaan kekal yang jauh lebih besar | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4:17 | Extends baseline glory term. |
| earthly tent | σκῆνος / skēnos | kemah (tempat kediaman di bumi) | Low | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5:1 | Distinct from OT Kemah Suci (Tabernacle) despite shared root. |
| groan | στενάζω / stenazō | mengeluh | Low | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5:2,4 | — |
| naked | γυμνός / gymnos | telanjang | Low | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 5:3 | Metaphorical disembodiment. |
| unequally yoked | ἑτεροζυγέω / heterozygeō | berpasangan yang tidak seimbang | High | Genuine vs. False Apostleship (applied ethics) | 6:14 | Culturally sensitive re: Indonesian interfaith marriage/partnership law and custom; requires pastoral nuance. |
| temple of the living God | ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος | bait Allah yang hidup | High | New Covenant vs. Old (corporate identity) | 6:16 | Corporate Spirit-indwelling, not a physical/pilgrimage site. |
| separate | ἀφορίζω / aphorizō | berpisah / memisahkan diri | Medium | Genuine vs. False Apostleship (applied ethics) | 6:17 | — |
| Beliar | Βελιάρ | Beliar | Low | (Satanology, background) | 6:15 | Transliterated proper noun. |
| godly sorrow / worldly sorrow | λύπη κατὰ θεόν / τοῦ κόσμου | dukacita menurut kehendak Allah / dukacita duniawi | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 7:9-10 | — |
| repentance | μετάνοια / metanoia | pertobatan | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 7:9-10 | Shares vocabulary with Islamic taubat; anchor to response to Christ’s finished reconciling work, not a self-sufficient restorative act. |
| purity/holiness | ἁγιωσύνη / hagiōsynē | kekudusan | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 7:1 | Deliberately departs from common TB “kesucian” for consistency with baseline’s kudus-preference. |
| grace of giving / generosity | χάρις (in giving context) | anugerah (dalam kemurahan memberi) | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:1,6-7,9; 9:8,14 | Giving is grace-empowered, not merit-generating. |
| sincerity/generosity (giving sense) | ἁπλότης / haplotēs | kemurahan hati | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:2; 9:11,13 | Sense-shift from ch.1’s “sincerity” — disambiguate. |
| equality | ἰσότης / isotēs | kesetaraan / keseimbangan | Low-Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:13-14 | Mutual sharing, not forced wealth redistribution. |
| cheerful giver | ἱλαρός / hilaros | orang yang memberi dengan sukacita | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:7 | Joy is fruit of grace, not merit-generator. |
| sufficiency | αὐτάρκεια / autarkeia | kecukupan | Low-Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:8 | Positive resonance with Islamic qana’ah possible as bridge point, not conflict. |
| fleshly/worldly (warfare) | σαρκικός / sarkikos | duniawi / menurut daging | Medium | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 10:2-4 | Parallels 5:16’s κατὰ σάρκα. |
| weapons / strongholds | ὅπλα / ὀχυρώματα | senjata / benteng-benteng | Low | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 10:4 | Extends kuasa Allah context. |
| boasting | καυχάομαι / καύχησις | bermegah | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority; Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 1:12; 5:12; 7:4,14; 8:24; 9:2-3; 10:8-18; 11:10-30; 12:1-11 | Pervasive term (~29x); illegitimate self-boasting vs. legitimate boasting “in the Lord” — sense must be verified per occurrence. |
| approved/tested | δόκιμος / dokimos | yang tahan uji / yang diperkenan | Medium | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 10:18 | Anticipates 13:5. |
| false apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι / pseudapostoloi | rasul-rasul palsu | Critical | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 11:13 | Compounds Critical rasul risk; must not be read through Islamic true/false-prophet testing framework. |
| super-apostles | ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι | rasul-rasul yang tak ada bandingnya | Critical | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 11:5; 12:11 | Ironic/sarcastic; same rasul risk tier; irony must be preserved. |
| angel of light | ἄγγελος φωτός | malaikat terang | High | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 11:14 | Satan’s disguise, not a claim about angels generally; sensitive given Islamic angelology. |
| cunning serpent | ὄφις / ophis | ular (yang memperdayakan) | Low | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 11:3 | Shared Genesis 3 background with Qur’anic Adam narrative; bridge point. |
| godly jealousy / pure virgin | ζῆλος θεοῦ / παρθένος ἁγνή | cemburu yang dari Allah / anak dara yang murni | Medium | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 11:2 | Departs from TB’s “anak dara yang suci” for consistency with kudus/murni preference over suci. |
| third heaven / paradise | τρίτος οὐρανός / παράδεισος | Firdaus | Critical | Power in Weakness | 12:2,4 | Established Bible term retained (parallel to Allah/Injil practice) but collides directly with the specific Qur’anic Firdaus tier of Jannah; mandatory distinguishing note every occurrence. |
| thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | duri di dalam daging | Low-Medium | Power in Weakness | 12:7 | Vivid, pastorally central metaphor. |
| messenger of Satan | ἄγγελος σατανᾶ | utusan Iblis (flagged) | Medium | Power in Weakness | 12:7 | Homonym-collides with “ambassador” (5:20, “utusan”); recommend disambiguated rendering in Phase 2. |
| weakness | ἀσθένεια / astheneia | kelemahan | High | Power in Weakness | 4:7 (implicit); 11:30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4,9 | Anchor doctrine term; deliberate theological paradox, not passive resignation or a strength-proves-favor test. |
| grace is sufficient | ἀρκεῖ ἡ χάρις μου | cukuplah anugerah-Ku bagimu | High | Power in Weakness | 12:9 | Extends baseline grace term; unqualified sufficiency claim. |
| signs of a true apostle | σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου | tanda-tanda kerasulan | Critical | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 12:12 | Inherits Critical Apostleship/Kerasulan doctrine tier from baseline registry. |
| examine yourselves | δοκιμάζετε ἑαυτούς | ujilah dirimu sendiri | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 13:5 | Verifies “in Christ” status, not a deeds-audit for merit. |
| Christ in you | Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν | Kristus ada di dalam kamu | High | New Creation in Christ | 13:5 | Positive counterpart to “in Christ” (5:17). |
| forgive | χαρίζομαι / charizomai | mengampuni | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 2:7,10 | Shares root with anugerah/grace; forgiveness as gift, not earned restoration. |
| Satan | ὁ σατανᾶς / ho satanas | Iblis | Medium | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 2:11; 11:14; 12:7 | Generally compatible shared reference; note differences in scope between traditions. |
| triumphal procession | θριαμβεύω / thriambeuō | membawa dalam pawai kemenangan | Low-Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 2:14 | Roman cultural background note recommended. |
| fragrance/aroma of Christ | ὀσμή / εὐωδία | keharuman Kristus | Low-Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 2:14-16 | OT sacrificial background; minor cultural resonance with incense practice, not doctrinal conflict. |
| letters of recommendation | ἐπιστολαὶ συστατικαί | surat pujian / surat pengantar | Low | Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 3:1 | — |
| God loves (the giver) | ἀγαπᾷ ὁ θεός | Allah mengasihi | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:7 | Personal, relational love, not merit-reward mechanism. |
| conscience | συνείδησις / syneidēsis | hati nurani | Low-Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:12; 4:2; 5:11 | — |
C. Risk Summary for 2 Corinthians Package
| Risk tier | Count (new terms) | Count (reused from baseline) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| High | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| Medium | 20 | 3 | 23 |
| Low | 15 | 3 | 18 |
Terms requiring mandatory theologian review (Critical + High), new to this package: pendamaian/mendamaikan, pelayanan pendamaian, pekabaran pendamaian, ciptaan baru, di dalam Kristus, satu orang telah mati untuk semua orang, menjadikan Dia sebagai dosa, tidak memperhitungkan, ambassador (utusan), takhta pengadilan Kristus, penghiburan, meterai/jaminan, ketulusan, perjanjian baru, hukum yang tertulis, selubung, gambar/rupa Allah, manusia lahiriah/batiniah, berpasangan yang tidak seimbang, bait Allah yang hidup, pertobatan, anugerah (giving), bermegah, rasul-rasul palsu, rasul-rasul yang tak ada bandingnya, malaikat terang, Firdaus, kelemahan, cukuplah anugerah-Ku bagimu, tanda-tanda kerasulan, Kristus ada di dalam kamu, mengampuni.
Priority flags for Phase 2 disambiguation (not risk-tier issues per se, but term-collision issues):
- “utusan” — used for both ambassador (5:20, positive) and messenger of Satan (12:7, hostile); recommend differentiated renderings.
- ἁπλότης (haplotēs) — “sincerity” (ch.1) vs. “generosity” (chs.8-9); same Indonesian word family must be sense-checked per occurrence.
- δικαιοσύνη (righteousness) — forensic sense (5:21) vs. righteous-conduct sense in an OT quotation (9:9-10).
- “kesucian” vs. “kekudusan”/“murni” — this package consistently prefers kudus/murni-root vocabulary over suci-root vocabulary at 7:1 and 11:2, departing from some common TB idiom, for consistency with the baseline Romans package’s holiness-term rationale.
Critical Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: rasul
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Apostleship
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Risk is elevated in 2 Corinthians because of the sustained genuine-vs-false apostleship polemic (chs. 3, 10-13); every rasul-compound occurrence in chs. 10-13 requires the mandatory theologian-reviewed distinguishing note, not merely at first occurrence, given the density of the dispute.
Lord
Approved rendering: Tuhan
Transliteration: Tuhan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. 4:5’s proclamation of Christ Jesus as Lord and 5:11’s ‘fear of the Lord’ both require exclusive, supreme lordship.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yesus
Transliteration: Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Never Nabi Isa; retains full confessional identity as the crucified and risen Lord throughout 2 Corinthians.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Kudus
Transliteration: Roh Kudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Central to ch. 3’s ministry of the Spirit and the Spirit as guarantee (1:22; 5:5, see seal_guarantee_of_the_spirit); must be distinguished from the Islamic Ruh al-Qudus/Gabriel every occurrence. Never render as an impersonal ‘active force’ (rejecting the Jehovah’s Witness New World Translation framing documented in analysis/05_translation_landscape.md).
Father
Approved rendering: Bapa
Transliteration: Bapa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Opens the letter (1:2-3) and appears in the sonship promise (6:18); relational/adoptive, never physical parentage. Never substitute with an honorific avoidance-title such as ‘Junjungan’ or ‘Tuan’ (rejecting insider-movement contextualization patterns documented in analysis/05_translation_landscape.md).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kebenaran
Transliteration: kebenaran
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Two senses appear in 2 Corinthians: the forensic ‘righteousness of God’ believers become in Christ (5:21) and righteous/generous conduct in an OT quotation (9:9-10, Ps 112:9). Verify the active sense per occurrence so the forensic meaning is never diluted into mere ethical conduct.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: kebenaran yang diperhitungkan
Transliteration: kebenaran yang diperhitungkan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: pahala yang dikumpulkan
Original: ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην (root λογίζομαι)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. The shared ‘memperhitungkan’ root underlies 5:19’s not_counting_trespasses (‘tidak memperhitungkan’) — a matched pair of forensic, non-merit-based divine reckoning.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: pendamaian
Transliteration: pendamaian
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: καταλλαγή
Category: Reconciliation
The state/act of a restored relationship between God and hostile sinners, accomplished by God himself through Christ (5:18-19). No Islamic soteriological equivalent of God-initiated restoration; the nearest concept, tawbah, is human-initiated and mercy-seeking. Every occurrence requires a theologian-reviewed note; surrounding clause structure must keep God as the explicit initiating agent, never a passive construction implying human initiative.
Reconcile
Approved rendering: mendamaikan / didamaikan
Transliteration: mendamaikan / didamaikan
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: καταλλάσσω
Category: Reconciliation
The imperative ‘be reconciled’ (5:20, ‘berilah dirimu didamaikan’) must convey receiving an already-accomplished divine act, not achieving reconciliation through human effort or merit.
Ministry Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: pelayanan pendamaian
Transliteration: pelayanan pendamaian
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
The apostolic task of proclaiming and administering God’s accomplished reconciliation (5:18); must not be read as a self-appointed role.
Word Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: pekabaran pendamaian
Transliteration: pekabaran pendamaian
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
Parallels the baseline gospel (Injil) and mission (pekabaran Injil) pattern (5:19); carries the same Critical doctrinal weight as reconciliation itself.
New Creation
Approved rendering: ciptaan baru
Transliteration: ciptaan baru
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: orang baru, seperti orang yang baru (BIS softened rendering)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: New Creation
Categorically different from Islamic anthropology’s tazkiyah and fitrah-restoration, both processes of recovering an original state, not a new act of creation (5:17). Requires theologian-reviewed teaching note every occurrence anchoring the term to union with Christ’s death and resurrection.
One Died For All
Approved rendering: satu orang telah mati untuk semua orang
Transliteration: satu orang telah mati untuk semua orang
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Original: εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν
Category: Reconciliation
Christ’s substitutionary/representative death standing in the place of, and on behalf of, all (5:14-15). No equivalent in mainstream Islamic theology, which denies the crucifixion occurred at all (Qur’an 4:157). No abbreviated rendering permitted; full descriptive clause required every occurrence.
Made Him To Be Sin
Approved rendering: menjadikan Dia sebagai dosa
Transliteration: menjadikan Dia sebagai dosa
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: seolah-olah Ia orang berdosa (BIS/VMD ‘as if’ framing)
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Reconciliation
God’s legal identification of the sinless Christ with sin’s guilt (5:21), so that sinners could be legally identified with God’s righteousness. The ‘as if’ framing found in some dynamic-equivalence translations must never be echoed; it collapses a double-imputation event into a mere appearance or legal fiction. Retain TB’s full weight (‘dibuat-Nya menjadi dosa’), not a softened equivalent.
Not Counting Trespasses
Approved rendering: tidak memperhitungkan
Transliteration: tidak memperhitungkan
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: dosa mereka dimaafkan karena rahmat (leniency-based softening)
Original: μὴ λογιζόμενος (τὰ παραπτώματα)
Category: Reconciliation
God’s forensic decision not to charge trespasses to the account of the reconciled (5:19). Shares the ‘memperhitungkan’ root with imputed_righteousness. Must not be rendered as deeds merely outweighed by good deeds (a mizan/scales framework), nor collapsed into generic divine leniency.
Image Of God
Approved rendering: gambar/rupa Allah
Transliteration: gambar/rupa Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as the Image of God
Rejected alternatives: Kristus yang mencerminkan Allah (FAYH functional-resemblance softening)
Original: εἰκών (θεοῦ)
Category: Christology
Christ as the visible representation and manifestation of God himself (4:4); a further assertion of Christ’s full deity, requiring the same theologian-reviewed care as Anak Allah. Never softened into a functional-resemblance (‘reflects/mirrors God’) reading.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: rasul-rasul palsu
Transliteration: rasul-rasul palsu
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
Teachers falsely claiming apostolic authority (11:13). Compounds the Critical rasul risk: must not be read through the Islamic true/false-prophet testing framework (an unrelated theological category from a closed prophetic line ending with Muhammad), but as the NT’s own category of counterfeit church-founding authority. Requires theologian-reviewed teaching note every occurrence, not only at first use.
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: rasul-rasul yang tak ada bandingnya
Transliteration: rasul-rasul yang tak ada bandingnya
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: οἱ ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
Paul’s ironic, sarcastic title for self-promoting rival teachers (11:5; 12:11). Same Critical rasul-linked risk as false_apostles; the irony must be preserved in translator notes so it is not mistaken for genuine praise.
Third Heaven Paradise
Approved rendering: Firdaus
Transliteration: Firdaus
Doctrine: Paradise and the Heavenly Vision
Rejected alternatives: surga (generic, loses the specific established Bible term)
Original: τρίτος οὐρανός / παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
The realm of God’s immediate presence, experienced visionarily by Paul (12:2,4). ‘Firdaus’ is also the specific Qur’anic name for the highest tier of Jannah (Qur’an 18:107; 23:11), part of a multi-level garden system. The established Bible term is retained (parity with the baseline’s Allah precedent), but requires a mandatory theologian-reviewed distinguishing note EVERY occurrence without exception.
Signs Of A True Apostle
Approved rendering: tanda-tanda kerasulan
Transliteration: tanda-tanda kerasulan
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου
Category: Apostleship
The marks authenticating genuine apostolic ministry (12:11-12) — suffering-endured, Spirit-empowered service, not self-promotion. Inherits the Critical apostle/rasul risk tier.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: anugerah
Transliteration: anugerah
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: rahmat, pahala
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. In 2 Corinthians extended to grace expressed through generous giving (chs. 8-9, see grace_of_giving) and to grace as sufficient provision in weakness (12:9, see grace_is_sufficient). TB itself alternates between ‘anugerah’ and ‘kasih karunia’ for the same Greek word (charis) at different verses; this package enforces ‘anugerah’ exclusively at every 2 Corinthians occurrence, including 8:1,6,7,9; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14, resisting reversion to TB’s ‘kasih karunia’ wording.
Faith
Approved rendering: iman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. In 2 Corinthians, faith is the object of self-examination (13:5) and the ground of confident ministry speech (4:13); object of faith must remain recoverable as Christ specifically.
Adoption
Approved rendering: pengangkatan sebagai anak
Transliteration: pengangkatan sebagai anak
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Extended at 6:18’s ‘sons and daughters’ quotation; relational/legal adoption, never physical parentage.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: kebangkitan
Transliteration: kebangkitan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Grounds the believer’s reoriented life (4:14; 5:15); distinguish from Islam’s generic end-times resurrection expectation.
Covenant
Approved rendering: perjanjian
Transliteration: perjanjian
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Basis for ‘perjanjian baru’ (new_covenant) at 3:6,14; must retain relational/binding sense against the ordinary contract meaning of the Indonesian word.
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Risk lies in surrounding vocabulary (rasul, Firdaus, malaikat terang) rather than the term itself.
In Christ
Approved rendering: di dalam Kristus
Transliteration: di dalam Kristus
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: New Creation
Must be anchored to union with Christ’s death and resurrection (5:14-15), not to formal registered religious-community (agama) membership status, which is how corporate religious identity is normally verified in Indonesian civil life (5:17, 19; 13:5).
Ambassador
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: rasul (would conflate with the Critical-risk apostle term)
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Apostleship
An authorized diplomatic representative describing Paul’s representation of Christ’s own appeal (5:20). This rendering is reserved exclusively for this diplomatic-representative sense; see messenger_of_satan for the disambiguated rendering of the unrelated Greek word (angelos) at 12:7 so the two are never rendered identically.
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: takhta pengadilan Kristus
Transliteration: takhta pengadilan Kristus
Doctrine: Judgment Seat of Christ (Future Accountability)
Original: βῆμα (τοῦ Χριστοῦ)
Category: Eschatology
The tribunal evaluating every believer’s ministry and works for reward (5:10). Must be distinguished from the Islamic Yaum al-Din/mizan framework of deeds weighed to determine ultimate destiny; salvation is already secured by faith in Christ’s finished reconciling work.
Comfort
Approved rendering: penghiburan / menghibur
Transliteration: penghiburan / menghibur
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παράκλησις / παρακαλέω
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
God’s active, personal comfort received in affliction, given so ministers can comfort others (1:3-7; 7:4-13). Must be distinguished from fatalistic resignation to an impersonal decree (compare Islamic sabr under qadar).
Seal Guarantee Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: meterai / jaminan
Transliteration: meterai / jaminan
Doctrine: Ministry of the Holy Spirit
Original: σφραγίζω / ἀρραβών
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
The Holy Spirit himself given as God’s own down payment guaranteeing the believer’s future inheritance (1:22; 5:5); the Spirit himself, not a subjective spiritual sensation, is the guarantee. Distinguish from any Islamic Ruh al-Qudus, commonly identified with the created angel Gabriel.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: ketulusan
Transliteration: ketulusan
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Singleness of motive; guilelessness (1:12; 2:17; 11:3). The same Greek root (haplotēs) recurs with a different sense — generosity — in chs. 8-9 (see sincerity_generosity); each occurrence must be sense-checked so the two are never confused.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: perjanjian baru
Transliteration: perjanjian baru
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: New Covenant
The covenant inaugurated by Christ’s death, superseding the Mosaic covenant, ministered by the Spirit rather than mere writing (3:6). ‘Baru’ must clearly mark this as Christ-inaugurated, not merely an updated legal contract.
Letter Written Code
Approved rendering: hukum yang tertulis
Transliteration: hukum yang tertulis
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: Hukum Taurat itu sendiri sebagai sesuatu yang jahat (a denigration-of-Torah reading)
Original: γράμμα
Category: New Covenant
The written Mosaic code approached apart from the Spirit’s life-giving work, which kills rather than gives life (3:6-7). Must not be read as a wholesale denigration of Hukum Taurat itself, which many Indonesian Muslims regard with genuine reverence; the critique targets letter-without-Spirit religion specifically.
Veil
Approved rendering: selubung
Transliteration: selubung
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: kerudung/jilbab (literal head-covering reading)
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: New Covenant
Moses’ literal face-covering (Exodus 34), used metaphorically for spiritual blindness to Christ (3:13-16). Must be anchored to Exodus 34’s narrative and to cognitive/spiritual perception, with an explicit note that no teaching about literal head-covering practice is intended, given the live jilbab/hijab discourse in Indonesian religious culture.
Ministers Of The New Covenant
Approved rendering: pelayan-pelayan perjanjian baru
Transliteration: pelayan-pelayan perjanjian baru
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διάκονοι καινῆς διαθήκης
Category: New Covenant
Paul’s apostolic self-description (3:6), contrasted with a merely letter-bound ministry; inherits the new covenant’s High risk tier.
Outer Man Inner Man
Approved rendering: manusia lahiriah / manusia batiniah
Transliteration: manusia lahiriah / manusia batiniah
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: tingkat kerohanian (kebatinan/Sufi mystical-attainment framing)
Original: ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος / ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
The believer’s decaying physical body versus the Spirit-renewed inner life (4:16). Collides with Javanese kebatinan mysticism and Sufi lahir/batin esoteric-exoteric discourse, which uses the identical word pair for layered mystical attainment. Must be anchored explicitly to Pauline anthropology (bodily decay vs. Spirit-renewal grounded in union with the risen Christ), never to esoteric spiritual levels reached through ascetic practice.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: berpasangan yang tidak seimbang
Transliteration: berpasangan yang tidak seimbang
Doctrine: Church Purity and Separation unto God
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Church
A mismatched, compromising partnership incompatible with exclusive devotion to Christ (6:14). Culturally sensitive given Indonesian marriage law (UU Perkawinan No. 1/1974) requiring shared registered religion; must be taught as a principle about compromising spiritual alliance, never weaponized as a blanket legal pronouncement in interfaith relations debates. Requires native-speaker and theologian review together.
Temple Of The Living God
Approved rendering: bait Allah yang hidup
Transliteration: bait Allah yang hidup
Doctrine: Church Purity and Separation unto God
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
Believers corporately as God’s dwelling place through the Spirit (6:16); must clarify this is corporate Spirit-indwelling, not a physical building, holy site, or pilgrimage destination.
Repentance
Approved rendering: pertobatan
Transliteration: pertobatan
Doctrine: Godly Repentance
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
A change of heart flowing from godly sorrow (7:9-10). Shares vocabulary with Islamic taubat, a devotional practice of turning back to Allah in hope of rahmat; must be anchored to repentance that flows from and responds to Christ’s already-accomplished reconciling work (5:18-21), not a self-sufficient human act that itself restores standing before God.
Grace Of Giving
Approved rendering: anugerah (dalam kemurahan memberi)
Transliteration: anugerah dalam kemurahan memberi
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: pahala
Original: χάρις (in the giving context)
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
God’s grace expressed through and empowering generous giving (8:1,6-7,9; 9:8,14), not a human achievement of virtue. Grace must remain grammatically and logically prior to the giving act in every rendering, reversing an implicit pahala/zakat-style merit framework.
Boasting
Approved rendering: bermegah / kemegahan
Transliteration: bermegah / kemegahan
Doctrine: Boasting in the Lord versus Self-Boasting
Original: καυχάομαι / καύχησις / καύχημα
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Illegitimate self-promoting boast versus legitimate boasting ‘in the Lord’ (~29 occurrences across the book: 1:12; 5:12; 7:4,14; 8:24; 9:2-3; 10:8-18; 11:10-30; 12:1-11). Every occurrence must be sense-tagged (condemned vs. commended) in the segment cache before translation is finalized, since conflating the two senses would invert the passage’s meaning.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: malaikat terang
Transliteration: malaikat terang
Doctrine: Spiritual Deception and False Teaching
Original: ἄγγελος φωτός
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Satan’s deceptive disguise as a legitimate spiritual authority (11:14). Must clarify this describes Satan’s counterfeit disguise specifically, not a claim about angels’ nature or trustworthiness generally, given the well-developed place of angelology (Jibril/Gabriel) in Islamic theology.
Weakness
Approved rendering: kelemahan
Transliteration: kelemahan
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: kekuatan sebagai bukti berkat (strength-proves-favor framing)
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Power in Weakness
Anchor doctrine term (4:7 implicit; 11:30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4,9). Must be framed as Paul’s deliberate theological paradox (boasting in weakness so Christ’s power is magnified), not passive resignation, and not conflated with triumphalist/prosperity-oriented assumptions that visible strength or success itself proves divine favor.
Grace Is Sufficient
Approved rendering: cukuplah anugerah-Ku bagimu
Transliteration: cukuplah anugerah-ku bagimu
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: cukuplah kasih karunia-Ku bagimu (TB’s own literal wording, retained for register comparison only, not enforced)
Original: ἀρκεῖ ἡ χάρις μου
Category: Power in Weakness
God’s grace as fully adequate provision (12:9), the classic NT statement of Power in Weakness. Must retain the unqualified sufficiency claim; never softened into a conditional promise contingent on further effort or merit. Enforces anugerah per the baseline grace term, resisting reversion to TB’s well-known ‘kasih karunia’ wording of this specific verse.
Christ In You
Approved rendering: Kristus ada di dalam kamu
Transliteration: Kristus ada di dalam kamu
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν
Category: New Creation
The positive counterpart to ‘in Christ’ (5:17); the indwelling presence of Christ as the positive test and evidence of genuine faith (13:5). Same union-with-Christ doctrine and risk tier as in_christ.
Forgive
Approved rendering: mengampuni
Transliteration: mengampuni
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Restoration
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
To grant forgiveness as a gracious favor (charizomai, 2:7,10), sharing its root with anugerah/grace. Forgiveness of the repentant offender must be preserved as a gift flowing from grace, not restoration earned through sufficient penance.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: kudus
Transliteration: kudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: suci
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Appears in relational greeting (13:12, ‘holy kiss’) and moral appeal (6:6; 7:1). Basis for this package’s kudus-root vocabulary preference over suci-root at 7:1 (kekudusan) and 11:2 (murni).
Saints
Approved rendering: orang-orang kudus
Transliteration: orang-orang kudus
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Used of the Jerusalem believers receiving the collection (8:4; 9:1,12); never wali.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pengudusan
Transliteration: pengudusan
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Root informs 7:1’s kekudusan (purity_holiness), a deliberate departure from common TB ‘kesucian’.
Glory
Approved rendering: kemuliaan
Transliteration: kemuliaan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Central to ch. 3’s fading (Moses) vs. surpassing (new covenant) glory contrast and ch. 4’s ‘gospel of the glory of Christ.‘
Power Of God
Approved rendering: kuasa Allah
Transliteration: kuasa allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: Power in Weakness
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Extended in 2 Corinthians to Christ’s power resting on human weakness (12:9) and spiritual ‘weapons’ demolishing strongholds (10:4); see weapons_strongholds.
Church
Approved rendering: jemaat
Transliteration: jemaat
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: gereja
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Addressed corporately throughout (1:1; 8:1) alongside ‘the saints’ language; not gereja.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. At 5:21 used in two senses in the same verse (Christ’s sinlessness and Christ ‘made to be sin’); distinct from paraptōma’s specific-transgression nuance, see trespasses.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: bangsa-bangsa lain
Transliteration: bangsa-bangsa lain
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: orang kafir
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. No direct occurrence in 2 Corinthians but retained for cross-document consistency should commentary reference the Jew/Gentile distinction.
Trespasses
Approved rendering: pelanggaran / kesalahan
Transliteration: pelanggaran / kesalahan
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
A specific act of wrongdoing (paraptōma), distinct from dosa’s broader sin-condition sense; the specific-transgression nuance matters for the argument of 5:19.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: takut akan Tuhan
Transliteration: takut akan Tuhan
Doctrine: Judgment Seat of Christ (Future Accountability)
Original: φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Reverent awareness of future accountability to Christ motivating faithful ministry (5:10-11; 7:1). Broadly compatible with Islamic khawf/taqwa vocabulary but must be anchored to eschatological accountability motivating gospel proclamation, not legalistic dread of a deeds-weighing verdict.
Affliction
Approved rendering: kesengsaraan / penderitaan
Transliteration: kesengsaraan / penderitaan
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Ministry-shaped suffering (1:4-8; 4:17; 6:4; 8:2); must be anchored to gospel-ministry suffering with a redemptive, others-oriented purpose, not karma or impersonal fate.
Transformed
Approved rendering: diubah (menjadi serupa dengan gambar Tuhan)
Transliteration: diubah menjadi serupa dengan gambar Tuhan
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: μεταμορφούμεθα
Category: New Covenant
Progressive transformation into Christ’s likeness by the Spirit, ‘from glory to glory’ (3:18); must not be read as self-effort or mystical absorption.
Freedom
Approved rendering: kemerdekaan
Transliteration: kemerdekaan
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: New Covenant
‘Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom’ (3:17) — Spirit-given, not self-achieved.
Eternal Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: kemuliaan kekal yang jauh lebih besar
Transliteration: kemuliaan kekal yang jauh lebih besar
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
The surpassing, lasting glory awaiting believers, contrasted with momentary present affliction (4:17); extends the baseline glory term.
Separate
Approved rendering: berpisah / memisahkan diri
Transliteration: berpisah / memisahkan diri
Doctrine: Church Purity and Separation unto God
Original: ἀφορίζω
Category: Church
A call to distinct, undivided loyalty to God, withdrawing from compromising alliance with idolatry (6:17).
Godly Sorrow Worldly Sorrow
Approved rendering: dukacita menurut kehendak Allah / dukacita duniawi
Transliteration: dukacita menurut kehendak Allah / dukacita duniawi
Doctrine: Godly Repentance
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν / λύπη τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Sorrow that aligns with God’s purposes and leads to repentance and life, versus regret producing despair or death (7:9-10).
Purity Holiness
Approved rendering: kekudusan
Transliteration: kekudusan
Doctrine: Church Purity and Separation unto God
Rejected alternatives: kesucian (common TB suci-root rendering)
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
Moral purity and consecration, the goal of cleansing from every defilement (7:1). This package deliberately departs from TB’s common ‘kesucian’ in favor of kudus-root vocabulary, for consistency with the baseline’s explicit rejection of suci-root terms for holiness. Flagged for native-speaker and theologian review.
Sincerity Generosity
Approved rendering: kemurahan hati
Transliteration: kemurahan hati
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἁπλότης (giving sense)
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Open-handed generosity (8:2; 9:11,13). Same Greek word as ch. 1’s sincerity shifts sense here; the two senses must never be confused across the book.
Equality
Approved rendering: kesetaraan / keseimbangan
Transliteration: kesetaraan / keseimbangan
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: keadilan sosial (politically coded redistribution framing)
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Proportional fairness in mutual sharing between churches (8:13-14), not forced equalizing of wealth; avoid politically coded redistribution vocabulary.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: orang yang memberi dengan sukacita
Transliteration: orang yang memberi dengan sukacita
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρός
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
A glad-hearted, willing giver (9:7), evaluated by God on heart-attitude, not amount; joy is the fruit of grace already at work, not a merit-generator.
Sufficiency
Approved rendering: kecukupan
Transliteration: kecukupan
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
God’s grace-supplied adequacy for every good work (9:8), not for hoarding; possible positive bridge-point with Islamic qana’ah, though the Pauline sense is specifically grace-supplied sufficiency for generosity.
Fleshly Worldly Warfare
Approved rendering: duniawi / menurut daging
Transliteration: duniawi / menurut daging
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Apostleship
Worldly means or carnal methods, contrasted with Paul’s Spirit-empowered ministry warfare (10:2-4); parallels 5:16’s kata sarka usage. Must not be confused with the baseline’s positive incarnational ‘flesh’ language regarding Christ’s real humanity.
Approved Tested
Approved rendering: yang tahan uji / yang diperkenan
Transliteration: yang tahan uji / yang diperkenan
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: δόκιμος
Category: Apostleship
Proven genuine through testing, receiving the Lord’s own commendation rather than self-recommendation (10:18); anticipates 13:5’s ‘examine yourselves.‘
Godly Jealousy Pure Virgin
Approved rendering: cemburu yang dari Allah / anak dara yang murni
Transliteration: cemburu yang dari Allah / anak dara yang murni
Doctrine: Church Purity and Separation unto God
Rejected alternatives: anak dara yang suci (common TB suci-root rendering)
Original: ζῆλος θεοῦ / παρθένος ἁγνή
Category: Church
The church betrothed to one husband, Christ (11:2), calling for undivided devotion. Deliberately departs from TB’s common ‘suci’-root wording for consistency with this package’s kudus/murni preference.
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: duri di dalam daging
Transliteration: duri di dalam daging
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power in Weakness
A persistent, painful affliction given to prevent pride (12:7), through which Christ’s power is displayed. Preserve the text’s own ambiguity; do not speculatively specify what the affliction was (rejecting FAYH-style eisegesis).
Messenger Of Satan
Approved rendering: kaki tangan Iblis
Transliteration: kaki tangan Iblis
Doctrine: Spiritual Deception and False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: utusan Iblis (would homonym-collide with ambassador, 5:20)
Original: ἄγγελος σατανᾶ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
The hostile agent behind the thorn (12:7). Finalized disambiguated rendering: ‘utusan’ is reserved exclusively for ‘ambassador’ (5:20, presbeuō); this unrelated Greek word (angelos) is rendered ‘kaki tangan Iblis’ so readers never conflate Christ’s authorized representatives with Satan’s hostile agent through identical vocabulary.
Examine Yourselves
Approved rendering: ujilah dirimu sendiri
Transliteration: ujilah dirimu sendiri
Doctrine: Self-Examination and Assurance of Faith
Original: δοκιμάζετε ἑαυτούς
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
A call to self-scrutiny testing one’s own genuine standing in the faith (13:5); must not be read as a deeds-weighing self-audit for merit, but as verifying whether one is truly ‘in Christ.‘
Satan
Approved rendering: Iblis
Transliteration: Iblis
Doctrine: Spiritual Deception and False Teaching
Original: ὁ σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Warfare
The personal spiritual adversary, accuser, and deceiver (2:11; 11:14; 12:7). Shared vocabulary with Islam’s Iblis, generally compatible reference to the same fallen figure; differences in scope between traditions are not Critical-tier.
God Loves The Giver
Approved rendering: Allah mengasihi
Transliteration: Allah mengasihi
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἀγαπᾷ ὁ θεός
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
God’s personal, relational favor toward the cheerful giver (9:7); reuses agapē from 5:14 — personal, relational love, not an impersonal cosmic principle rewarding piety.
Love Of Christ
Approved rendering: kasih Kristus
Transliteration: kasih Kristus
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Reconciliation
Christ’s self-giving, sacrificial love, the singular governing motive of apostolic ministry (5:14-15). Must be distinguished from generic affection or from rahmat (Allah’s general mercy/compassion) — this is specific, personal, sacrificial love expressed climactically at the cross.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: menasihati
Transliteration: menasihati
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. At 5:20 carries the sense of God’s own appeal made through the apostolic ambassador (‘as though God were pleading through us’).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ucapan syukur
Transliteration: ucapan syukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Stated outcome of the Corinthian collection (9:11-12).
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: bejana tanah liat
Transliteration: bejana tanah liat
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ὀστράκινα σκεύη
Category: Power in Weakness
Fragile, common earthenware vessels carrying a surpassingly valuable treasure (4:7); minimal syncretism concern.
Earthly Tent
Approved rendering: kemah (tempat kediaman kita di bumi)
Transliteration: kemah tempat kediaman kita di bumi
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: σκῆνος
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
The mortal body as a temporary dwelling (5:1); distinct from the OT Tabernacle (Kemah Suci) despite sharing the same root word.
Groan
Approved rendering: mengeluh
Transliteration: mengeluh
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: στενάζω
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Inward longing for the resurrection body (5:2,4); echoes Romans 8’s creation-groaning theme already established in the baseline package.
Naked
Approved rendering: telanjang
Transliteration: telanjang
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: γυμνός
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
The undesirable intermediate state of being without a resurrection body (5:3); clearly metaphorical in context.
Beliar
Approved rendering: Beliar
Transliteration: Beliar
Doctrine: Church Purity and Separation unto God
Original: Βελιάρ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
A name for Satan used only here in the NT (6:15), contrasted with Christ; transliterated proper noun per established Indonesian Bible tradition.
Weapons Strongholds
Approved rendering: senjata / benteng-benteng
Transliteration: senjata / benteng-benteng
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ὅπλα / ὀχυρώματα
Category: Power in Weakness
Military metaphor for spiritual power demolishing arguments and pretension raised against the knowledge of God (10:4); extends the baseline power_of_god term.
Cunning Serpent
Approved rendering: ular (yang memperdayakan)
Transliteration: ular yang memperdayakan
Doctrine: Spiritual Deception and False Teaching
Original: ὁ ὄφις
Category: Spiritual Warfare
The Genesis 3 serpent invoked as a warning (11:3); shares a narrative touchpoint with the Qur’anic Adam/Iblis account, a possible bridge reference, provided the Christ-centered application (11:3-4) is retained.
Triumphal Procession
Approved rendering: membawa dalam pawai kemenangan-Nya
Transliteration: membawa dalam pawai kemenangan-nya
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θριαμβεύω
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Roman military-triumph imagery of Christ as victor leading ministers as participants in his public procession (2:14); culturally distant imagery requiring an explanatory note, minimal syncretism concern.
Fragrance Aroma Of Christ
Approved rendering: keharuman Kristus
Transliteration: keharuman Kristus
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὀσμή / εὐωδία
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Ministers as the pleasing ‘smell’ of Christ before God (2:14-16). OT sacrificial background recommended in a footnote; minor cultural resonance with incense (dupa) practice is not a doctrinal conflict.
Letters Of Recommendation
Approved rendering: surat pujian / surat pengantar
Transliteration: surat pujian / surat pengantar
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἐπιστολαὶ συστατικαί
Category: Apostleship
Credential letters of introduction (3:1), contrasted with the Corinthians themselves being Paul’s living letter; anticipates the Genuine vs. False Apostleship theme.
Conscience
Approved rendering: hati nurani
Transliteration: hati nurani
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
The inner faculty of moral self-awareness by which sincerity can be verified (1:12; 4:2; 5:11); low collision risk with Islamic vocabulary.
Referenced passages