Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Corinthians (English → Indonesian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 1 Corinthians 1–16. It is intended to seed the Phase 2 translation_memory.json update for this curriculum. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans Language Package are listed first for cross-reference and MUST be reused exactly; new terms specific to 1 Corinthians follow with full risk documentation.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused from the Romans Language Package
These terms recur across 1 Corinthians and MUST retain their baseline rendering, risk tier, and notes exactly as recorded in the Romans translation_memory.json. Do not re-derive or alter.
| Term | Indonesian rendering | Risk (baseline) | Key 1 Corinthians occurrences | Reuse note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | Injil | High | 1:17; 4:15; 9:12-18; 15:1 | Anchor to the fixed apostolic content of 15:3-8 |
| grace | anugerah | High | 1:4; 3:10; 15:10; 16:23 | Distinguish from rahmat/pahala |
| faith | iman | High | 2:5; 12:9; 13:2, 13; 15:2, 11, 14, 17 | Anchor to trust in the risen Christ specifically |
| resurrection | kebangkitan | High (Critical for Resurrection of Christ doctrine) | 15:4, 12-58 | Core passage doctrine; distinguish historical resurrection from generic end-times expectation |
| apostle | rasul | Critical | 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-5; 12:28-29; 15:7, 9 | Distinguish NT office from Islamic closed prophetic line |
| church | jemaat | Medium | throughout | Corporate body, not building/institution |
| holy | kudus | Medium | 1:2; 3:17; 7:14, 34 | Moral/relational, not ritual purity |
| saints | orang-orang kudus | Medium | 1:2; 6:1-2; 16:1, 15 | Every believer, not a venerated elite |
| sanctification | pengudusan | Medium | 1:2, 30; 6:11 | Spirit’s ongoing work |
| spiritual gifts | karunia rohani | Medium | 1:7; 12:1-31; 14:1-40 | Central to ch.12-14 doctrine |
| called/calling | yang dipanggil / panggilan | Medium/High | 1:1-2, 9, 24, 26; 7:15-24 | Context-sensitive per baseline note |
| lord | Tuhan | Critical | 1:2-3, 8-10; 8:6; 12:3 | Exclusive, supreme Lordship |
| glory | kemuliaan | Medium | 2:7-8; 10:31; 11:7, 15; 15:40-43 | God’s radiant honor |
| sin | dosa | Medium | 6:18; 15:3, 17, 56 | Relational offense against a personal God |
| covenant | perjanjian | High | 11:25 | Relational bond, not mere contract |
| thanksgiving | ucapan syukur | Low | 1:4, 14; 14:16-18 | Standard usage |
| fellowship | persekutuan | Low (High in eucharistic context, see Section B) | 1:9; 10:16, 20 | Elevated risk when used of Lord’s Supper participation |
| kingdom of God | Kerajaan Allah | Medium | 4:20; 6:9-10; 15:24, 50 | Not a political/territorial kingdom |
| father | Bapa | Critical | 1:3; 8:6; 15:24 | Relational/adoptive, not physical parentage |
| holy spirit | Roh Kudus | Critical | 2:10-14; 3:16; 6:19; 12:3-13 | Distinguish from Islamic Ruh al-Qudus (angel Gabriel) |
| god | Allah | Critical | throughout | Established Indonesian Christian term since 17th century |
| jesus | Yesus | Critical | throughout | Never Nabi Isa |
| election | pemilihan | High | 1:27-28 | Not takdir |
| intercession | doa syafaat | Critical | (implicit in 15’s mediatorial framing) | Distinguish from Islamic shafa’a |
| power of God | kuasa Allah | Medium | 1:18, 24; 2:5 | God’s power to save |
| messiah/christ | Mesias/Kristus | Critical | 1:1-2, 6, 12-13, 17-24; 15:3, 12-23 | Distinguish from Quranic Isa al-Masih |
Section B — New Terms Specific to 1 Corinthians
| # | Term (English) | Indonesian rendering | Transliteration | Doctrine | Risk | Primary passages | Alternatives rejected | Rationale / Indonesian-context note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | delivered/received (tradition formula) | menyampaikan / menerima | menyampaikan / menerima | Resurrection of Christ | High | 15:1, 3 | — | Structural resemblance to Islamic isnad/hadith transmission chains; must be framed as eyewitness testimony to a unique event, not oral-chain religious tradition. |
| 2 | died for our sins | mati untuk/ganti dosa kita | mati untuk/ganti dosa kita | Resurrection/Atonement | Critical | 15:3 | ”mati karena dosa kita” (ambiguous causal, not substitutionary) | Vicarious/substitutionary atonement has no Islamic soteriological equivalent and Islam denies the crucifixion itself. |
| 3 | appeared (resurrection appearance) | menampakkan diri | menampakkan diri | Resurrection of Christ | High | 15:5-8 | ”bermimpi tentang” (had a dream of) | Must be objective, bodily, eyewitnessed appearance, not vision/dream, to preserve historicity against skeptical/Islamic denial. |
| 4 | fallen asleep (death euphemism) | tertidur / telah meninggal | tertidur / telah meninggal | Resurrection of Believers | Medium | 15:6, 18, 20, 51 | — | Must convey resurrection hope, not soul-sleep doctrine. |
| 5 | as one untimely born | seperti anak yang lahir tidak pada waktunya | ektrōma (transliteration retained in footnote) | Apostleship/Grace | Medium | 15:8 | literal clinical rendering | Requires careful, non-crude handling; point is unworthiness and grace. |
| 6 | division/schism | perpecahan | schisma (translit.) | Christian Unity vs. Factionalism | Medium | 1:10; 11:18; 12:25 | — | Division within one body confessing one Lord, not inter-community disagreement. |
| 7 | strife | perselisihan | eris (translit.) | Christian Unity vs. Factionalism | Medium | 1:11; 3:3 | — | Relational rivalry, not mere debate. |
| 8 | wisdom | hikmat | sophia (translit.) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | Medium | 1:17-2:16; 3:19 | ”kebijaksanaan” (secular philosophical connotation) | Shared vocabulary with Islamic hikmah; anchor every use to the crucified Christ. |
| 9 | foolishness | kebodohan | mōria (translit.) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | Low | 1:18-25; 3:19 | — | Standard term. |
| 10 | the cross | salib | stauros (translit.) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | High | 1:17-18, 23; 2:2 | — | Islam denies the crucifixion occurred (Quran 4:157); never soften to generic “suffering.” |
| 11 | natural person | manusia duniawi | psychikos anthrōpos (translit.) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | Medium | 2:14 | ”manusia jasmani” (implies merely physical, misses epistemic point) | Spiritual-epistemic condition, not a fixed inferior caste. |
| 12 | spiritual person | manusia rohani | pneumatikos (translit.) | Sanctification | Medium | 2:15; 3:1 | — | Spirit-indwelt discernment. |
| 13 | fleshly/carnal | duniawi / menurut daging | sarkikos (translit.) | Christian Unity vs. Factionalism | Medium | 3:1-3 | — | Immaturity, not unbelief. |
| 14 | temple of God (corporate) | bait Allah | naos theou (translit.) | Church as God’s People | Medium | 3:16-17 | — | Distinguish from Ka’bah/any physical Islamic sacred site. |
| 15 | temple of the Holy Spirit (individual) | bait Roh Kudus | naos tou hagiou Pneumatos (translit.) | Church Discipline and Holiness | Medium-High | 6:19 | — | Individual body Spirit-indwelt; not ritual body-purity code. |
| 16 | fire will test | api akan menguji | pyr dokimasei (translit.) | Church Discipline and Holiness | Medium | 3:13-15 | — | Tests quality of works of a saved person, not salvation itself. |
| 17 | mysteries of God | rahasia-rahasia Allah | mystēria theou (translit.) | Inspiration/Church Order | Medium | 4:1; 13:2; 14:2; 15:51 | — | Publicly disclosed truths, not occult secret knowledge. |
| 18 | sexual immorality | percabulan | porneia (translit.) | Church Discipline and Holiness | High | 5:1-13; 6:13-18; 7:2 | ”zina” (Islamic hudud legal category) | Avoid importing Islamic criminal-penal framework; use established Bible term. |
| 19 | leaven | ragi | zymē (translit.) | Church Discipline and Holiness | Low | 5:6-8 | — | Standard Passover-linked metaphor. |
| 20 | deliver to Satan | menyerahkan kepada Iblis | paradounai tō Satana | Church Discipline and Holiness | High | 5:5 | — | Formal restorative church discipline, not curse/exorcism ritual (avoid santet/ruqyah associations). |
| 21 | purge out | membuang / membersihkan | ekkatharate (translit.) | Church Discipline and Holiness | Medium | 5:7, 13 | — | Corporate removal of corrupting sin. |
| 22 | bought with a price | telah dibeli dengan harga (yang mahal) | ēgorasthēte timēs | Church Discipline and Holiness / Atonement | High | 6:20; 7:23 | — | Substitutionary redemption imagery; no Islamic vicarious-payment equivalent. |
| 23 | marriage | pernikahan | gamos (translit.) | Marriage and Singleness | Low | 7:1-40 | — | Standard term. |
| 24 | unmarried/singleness | tidak menikah / lajang | agamos (translit.) | Marriage and Singleness | Medium-High | 7:8, 11, 25-38 | — | Countercultural doctrine: singleness as honorable calling, not deficiency, in a marriage-centric culture. |
| 25 | virgin | anak dara / perawan | parthenos (translit.) | Marriage and Singleness | Medium | 7:25-38 | — | Avoid unintended Mariological association (“Perawan Maryam”). |
| 26 | divorce/separate | berpisah / menceraikan | chōrizō / apolyō (translit.) | Marriage and Singleness | Medium | 7:10-15 | — | Sensitive across differing religious/legal divorce norms in Indonesia. |
| 27 | food sacrificed to idols | makanan yang telah dipersembahkan kepada berhala | eidōlothyton (translit.) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | High | 8:1-13; 10:19-28 | — | Risk of collapsing into halal/haram legal categories rather than conscience-and-love liberty issue. |
| 28 | idol | berhala | eidōlon (translit.) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Medium | 8:4-7; 10:19; 12:2 | — | Established Bible term. |
| 29 | knowledge | pengetahuan | gnōsis (translit.) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Low | 8:1-11; 13:2, 8 | — | Standard term. |
| 30 | conscience | hati nurani | syneidēsis (translit.) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Medium | 8:7-12; 10:25-29 | — | Anchor to Spirit-informed Christian liberty, not legal-code-governed conscience. |
| 31 | stumbling block | batu sandungan | proskomma / skandalon (translit.) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Low | 8:9, 13 | — | Standard Bible metaphor. |
| 32 | right/authority (forgone) | hak | exousia (translit.) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Medium | 9:1-18 | — | Legitimate entitlement voluntarily surrendered. |
| 33 | idolatry | penyembahan berhala | eidōlolatria (translit.) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Medium | 10:7, 14 | — | Standard term. |
| 34 | demons | roh-roh jahat | daimonia (translit.) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | High | 10:20-21 | — | Distinguish from folk jin/roh halus animistic categories. |
| 35 | table of the Lord / table of demons | meja Tuhan / meja setan-setan | trapeza kyriou / trapeza daimoniōn | The Lord’s Supper | High | 10:21 | — | Mutually exclusive covenant loyalty; ties to Lord’s Supper Critical doctrine. |
| 36 | head (headship) | kepala | kephalē (translit.) | Order in Worship | High | 11:3-10 | — | Gender-relations doctrine, denominationally sensitive; requires teaching-note framing. |
| 37 | head covering | penutup kepala / kain penudung | katakalyptō (translit.) | Order in Worship | Critical | 11:4-15 | kerudung (Islamic hijab term — forbidden) | Using kerudung would make Paul appear to legislate Islamic veiling practice; severe doctrinal distortion risk. |
| 38 | the Lord’s Supper | Perjamuan Tuhan | kyriakon deipnon | The Lord’s Supper | Critical | 11:20-34 | — | Named curriculum doctrine; theologian review at every occurrence. |
| 39 | body and blood (sacramental) | tubuh dan darah | sōma kai haima | The Lord’s Supper | Critical | 11:23-27 | — | Islamic dietary law forbids consuming blood; Islam rejects vicarious sacrificial death; requires sacramental (not literal) framing note. |
| 40 | discerning the body | membedakan tubuh (Kristus) | diakrinōn to sōma | The Lord’s Supper | High | 11:29 | — | Dual sacramental/ecclesial sense. |
| 41 | examine yourselves | menguji diri sendiri | dokimazō (translit.) | The Lord’s Supper | Medium | 11:28 | — | Self-examination, not sinless-perfection precondition. |
| 42 | body of Christ | tubuh Kristus | sōma Christou | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | Medium-High | 12:12-27 | — | Distinguish from social organization/registered religious association. |
| 43 | members | anggota (tubuh) | melē (translit.) | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | Medium | 12:12-26 | — | Interdependent, Spirit-assigned function. |
| 44 | one Spirit baptism | dibaptis oleh satu Roh | en heni Pneumati ebaptisthēmen | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | Medium | 12:13 | — | Distinguish from ritual washing acts (wudhu-type ceremonial framing). |
| 45 | love | kasih | agapē (translit.) | Love as the Greater Way | High | 13:1-13 | ”cinta” (romantic/erotic connotation) | Anchor to self-giving, others-directed, behaviorally-defined love; central named doctrine. |
| 46 | the greater way | jalan yang jauh lebih utama | hodon kath’ hyperbolēn | Love as the Greater Way | Medium | 12:31 | — | Superlative framing of love over gifts. |
| 47 | tongues | bahasa roh | glōssai (translit.) | Order in Worship | High | 12:10, 28-30; 13:1, 8; 14:1-40 | — | Distinguish from trance-possession (kerasukan) phenomena in Indonesian folk religion. |
| 48 | edification | membangun (jemaat) | oikodomē (translit.) | Order in Worship | Low | 14:3-26 | — | Controlling purpose of worship gifts. |
| 49 | interpretation | karunia menafsirkan | hermēneia (translit.) | Order in Worship | Medium | 14:5, 13, 27-28 | — | Necessary companion gift to tongues. |
| 50 | order | ketertiban | taxis (translit.) | Order in Worship | Low | 14:40 | — | God’s character reflected in orderly worship. |
| 51 | firstfruits | buah sulung / hasil yang pertama | aparchē (translit.) | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Medium | 15:20, 23 | — | Christ’s resurrection guarantees believers’ future resurrection. |
| 52 | the last Adam | Adam yang akhir | ho eschatos Adam | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | High | 15:45 | — | Federal/representative headship theology; Adam venerated in Islam merely as first prophet, without this covenant-headship logic. |
| 53 | imperishable/incorruption | tidak dapat binasa | aphtharsia (translit.) | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Medium | 15:42, 50-54 | — | Permanent decay-proof resurrection body, not merely extended natural life. |
| 54 | spiritual body / natural body | tubuh rohani / tubuh alami | sōma pneumatikon / sōma psychikon | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | High | 15:44-49 | — | Real physical transformed body; not disembodiment nor reincarnation. |
| 55 | victory / sting of death | kemenangan / sengat maut | nikē / kentron tou thanatou | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Low | 15:54-57 | — | Standard poetic imagery. |
| 56 | the collection | pengumpulan uang / persembahan | logeia (translit.) | Christian Fellowship | Low | 16:1-4 | — | Practical cross-congregational generosity. |
| 57 | holy kiss | cium kudus / salam kasih | philēma hagion | Christian Fellowship | Medium | 16:20 | — | Convey meaning (Christian family affection/unity), not literal mandated greeting form. |
| 58 | Maranatha | Maranata | marana tha | Second Coming / Christian Hope | Low | 16:22 | — | Retain Aramaic transliteration, parallel to baseline Abba. |
| 59 | anathema/accursed | terkutuklah | anathema (translit.) | Church Discipline and Holiness | Medium-High | 16:22 | — | Solemn apostolic exclusion formula, not magical/occult curse (kutuk/santet). |
Risk Summary (New Terms, Section B)
| Risk tier | Count | Review routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 3 (head covering, the Lord’s Supper, body and blood) | Human theologian — mandatory, every occurrence |
| High | 15 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 27 | Native speaker review recommended |
| Low | 14 | Automated review sufficient |
Note on escalation: Terms #37 (head covering), #38 (the Lord’s Supper), and #39 (body and blood) require the same escalation tier as the baseline’s most sensitive Critical entries (Anak Allah, Firman yang menjadi manusia) because each intersects directly with Islamic theological or legal categories that are not merely under-specified but actively contradictory (denial of the crucifixion/atonement, prohibition on consuming blood, and the specific cultural coding of kerudung as an Islamic religious marker). All three require theologian-reviewed teaching notes at every occurrence in Phase 2.
Critical Risk Terms
Justification
Approved rendering: pembenaran
Transliteration: pembenaran
Doctrine: Salvation
CRITICAL: The forensic declaration of right standing has no equivalent concept in Islamic soteriology. Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Korintus 6:11, the Corinthians’ transformed identity (‘you were justified’) is grounded in God’s declarative work, not their own moral reform.
Salvation
Approved rendering: keselamatan
Transliteration: keselamatan
Doctrine: Salvation
CRITICAL: Keselamatan is the established Bible term, but Islamic soteriology frames ultimate standing before God as submission plus deeds weighed against mercy, categorically different from a finished, substitutionary atoning death. Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Korintus 15:2, ‘you are being saved’ (present tense) is explicitly grounded in the fixed gospel content of vv.3-8, not a pending deeds-and-mercy verdict.
Apostle
Approved rendering: rasul
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
CRITICAL: Rasul is the established Indonesian Bible term but is also the specific Islamic title for the closed line of messenger-prophets culminating in Muhammad. Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Korintus 15:8-9, Paul’s self-description as ‘least of the apostles’ and ‘one untimely born’ still affirms the reality of his grace-qualified, resurrection-appearance-grounded office; every occurrence (also 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-5; 12:28-29) requires a translator note distinguishing this office from the Islamic doctrine of prophetic finality.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesias
Transliteration: mesias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: The Quran names Jesus ‘Al-Masih’ but as a great prophet, not the divine incarnate Son who died and rose for sin. Inherited from Romans package. Central to the creedal formula of 15:3-4 (‘Christ died… Christ was raised’) and throughout chapters 1-3; every occurrence needs a note distinguishing the biblical Messiah from the Quranic Isa al-Masih.
Intercession
Approved rendering: doa syafaat
Transliteration: doa syafaat
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἔντευξις (implied mediatorial framing)
Category: Faith
CRITICAL: Syafaat is specifically the Islamic doctrine of Muhammad’s future intercession at judgment. Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to the implicit mediatorial framing of Christ’s resurrection-grounded assurance in 1 Corinthians 15; never let this term stand unexplained as equivalent to shafa’a.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yesus
Transliteration: yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: Never use Nabi Isa, the Islamic framing that denies the crucifixion (Quran 4:157). Inherited from Romans package. Central to the resurrection creed’s historical claims throughout 1 Corinthians 15.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Kudus
Transliteration: roh kudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ Πνεῦμα
Category: God
CRITICAL: Islamic theology’s ‘Ruh al-Qudus’ typically identifies the angel Gabriel, a created being. Inherited from Romans package. Central to 2:10-14 (revealing spiritual truth), 3:16 and 6:19 (indwelling the temple), and 12:3-13 (distributing gifts). Also guard against the Jehovah’s Witness Watch Tower reading of the Holy Spirit as an impersonal active force, a second and distinct collision from the Islamic one.
Father
Approved rendering: Bapa
Transliteration: bapa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
CRITICAL: Islamic theology treats parent-child language applied to Allah as approaching blasphemy. Inherited from Romans package. Used of God as the one Father ‘from whom are all things’ (8:6) and in the final subjection of all things to the Father (15:24).
Died For Our Sins
Approved rendering: mati ganti dosa kita
Transliteration: mati ganti dosa kita
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: mati karena dosa kita (ambiguous causal reading, not substitutionary)
Original: ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: Vicarious/substitutionary atonement has no counterpart in Islamic soteriology (Quran 6:164 rejects sin-bearing by another) and Islam denies the crucifixion occurred (Quran 4:157). Requires theologian-reviewed teaching note at every occurrence (1 Korintus 15:3); must never be softened into a merely causal reading.
Head Covering
Approved rendering: penutup kepala / kain penudung
Transliteration: penutup kepala / kain penudung
Doctrine: Head Covering and Gender Order in Worship
Rejected alternatives: kerudung (the Islamic hijab term — forbidden), jilbab (the Islamic hijab term — forbidden)
Original: κατακαλύπτω / ἀκατακάλυπτος
Category: Order in Worship
CRITICAL: Do NOT render with kerudung or jilbab, the specific and instantly recognizable Indonesian terms for the Islamic woman’s headscarf. Using either would make this passage read as if Paul is legislating Islamic veiling practice, a severe and theologically distorting collision. Use a neutral, non-Islamic-coded term (11:4-15) and require a theologian/native-speaker note explaining the first-century cultural (not transcultural Islamic-veil) referent.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: Perjamuan Tuhan
Transliteration: perjamuan tuhan
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Ordinance
CRITICAL: A named curriculum doctrine; requires theologian review at every occurrence (11:20-34) given the atonement/substitution theology it enacts, which Islam categorically rejects. Do not adopt Catholic-edition transubstantiation footnote framing nor charismatic ‘healing in the blood’ application glosses into the base translation.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: tubuh dan darah
Transliteration: tubuh dan darah
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα καὶ αἷμα
Category: Ordinance
CRITICAL: Islamic dietary law explicitly forbids the consumption of blood (darah haram), and Islamic theology rejects any vicarious sacrificial death of Christ; the sacramental ‘eating/drinking’ language (11:23-27) is acutely vulnerable to being heard as either literal or grotesquely offensive apart from careful sacramental framing. Theologian-reviewed note mandatory; also distinguish from folk sesajen (spirit-appeasement ritual offering) practice.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar baik
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Injil is the established Indonesian Bible term, but it is also the Quranic name for the revelation Muslims believe was given to Isa (Jesus) and later lost or corrupted. Every use should be anchored to the specific New Testament proclamation of Christ crucified and risen, not left as a generic label for ‘a scripture given to Isa’. Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Corinthians, anchor every occurrence to the fixed apostolic creedal content recited in 15:3-8 (1 Korintus 15:1; 4:15; 9:12-18; 15:1).
Grace
Approved rendering: anugerah
Transliteration: anugerah
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: rahmat, pahala
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Rahmat (God’s mercy/compassion, a core Islamic attribute of Allah) and pahala (merit earned through good deeds, weighed at judgment) both describe favor bound up with human deeds or divine disposition rather than an unconditional, unearned gift secured through Christ. Anugerah keeps the specifically Christian sense of a gift given apart from merit. Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Korintus 15:10, Paul attributes his entire apostolic identity and fruitful labor wholly to this unearned favor, not to accumulated merit — the reverse doctrinal direction from an Islamic works-and-mercy framework (also 1:4; 3:10; 16:23).
Faith
Approved rendering: iman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Iman is the established Bible term but is also the foundational Islamic concept of the six pillars of faith (rukun iman). Every occurrence must anchor iman to personal trust in Christ specifically, not generic religious assent. Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Korintus 15:1-17, faith’s object is specifically the historical, bodily-risen Christ described in the creedal summary of vv.3-8 (also 2:5; 12:9; 13:2,13).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: kebangkitan
Transliteration: kebangkitan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγήγερται
Category: Eschatology
Islam affirms a general future bodily resurrection but denies Jesus was crucified at all. Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians 15 is the theological anchor of this doctrine for the whole curriculum; the perfect tense ‘has been raised’ (15:4, telah dibangkitkan) signals a decisive past event with permanent present reality, distinct from a generic end-times expectation.
Lord
Approved rendering: Tuhan
Transliteration: tuhan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Tuhan is broad, generic vocabulary across Indonesian religious usage; context must establish exclusive, supreme divine Lordship. Inherited from Romans package. Used of Christ throughout 1 Corinthians, including the exclusivity claim of 8:6 (‘one Lord, Jesus Christ’) and 12:3 (‘no one can say Jesus is Lord except by the Holy Spirit’). The Watch Tower (Jehovah’s Witness) Indonesian New World Translation reads the 8:6/11:3 headship language as subordinationist; this term must retain full, non-subordinationist force.
Covenant
Approved rendering: perjanjian
Transliteration: perjanjian
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
A relational, binding bond initiated by God; needs context to carry more weight than an ordinary contract. Inherited from Romans package. Used of the ‘new covenant’ (perjanjian baru) inaugurated by the Lord’s Supper cup (11:25).
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Allah has been the established Indonesian Christian term since the 17th century. Inherited from Romans package. The risk lies in surrounding vocabulary (rasul, hikmat, roh-roh jahat), not the term itself.
Delivered Received
Approved rendering: menyampaikan / menerima
Transliteration: menyampaikan / menerima
Doctrine: Gospel as Received Apostolic Tradition
Original: παρέδωκα / παρέλαβον / παρελάβετε
Category: Scripture and Tradition
The ‘delivered…received’ pairing (1 Korintus 15:1, 3, 11) structurally resembles the Islamic isnad (chain of transmission) that authenticates hadith. Must be framed as eyewitness apostolic testimony to a unique, unrepeatable historical event anchored in Scripture, not an oral-chain religious tradition comparable to hadith transmission.
Resurrection Appearance
Approved rendering: menampakkan diri
Transliteration: menampakkan diri
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bermimpi tentang (had a dream of)
Original: ὤφθη
Category: Eschatology
Must be framed as a real, bodily, historically-verifiable appearance corroborated by named witnesses (Cephas, the Twelve, five hundred, James, Paul; 15:5-8), not a vision, dream, or apparition, which would concede ground to skeptical or Islamic denial of the resurrection’s historicity.
Cross
Approved rendering: salib
Transliteration: salib
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Salvation
Islam denies the crucifixion occurred at all (Quran 4:157); salib must never be softened into a symbol of suffering-in-general but must retain its specific, historical, substitutionary referent, central to 1:17-18, 1:23, and 2:2.
Temple Of Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: bait Roh Kudus
Transliteration: bait roh kudus
Doctrine: The Church and the Believer’s Body as the Temple of God
Original: ναὸς τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
Extends the corporate temple metaphor of chapter 3 to the individual body (6:19); anchor clearly to Spirit-indwelling, not to ritual body-purity codes familiar in Indonesian religious life generally.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: percabulan
Transliteration: percabulan
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: zina (Islamic hudud legal category)
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
Do NOT render as zina, which carries specific Islamic legal (hudud) associations of a punishable criminal offense under syariat, importing a legal-penal framework foreign to Paul’s church-discipline (not civil-penal) argument. Used in 5:1-13, 6:13-18, and 7:2.
Deliver To Satan
Approved rendering: menyerahkan(nya) kepada Iblis
Transliteration: menyerahkan(nya) kepada iblis
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church Discipline
Must be clearly framed as formal removal from church fellowship for restorative discipline, never as an exorcism rite or magical curse — a framing that would collide with Indonesian traditional/animistic cursing practice (santet) or Islamic exorcism (ruqyah). Requires translator/teaching note (5:5).
Bought With A Price
Approved rendering: telah dibeli dengan harga (yang mahal)
Transliteration: telah dibeli dengan harga (yang mahal)
Doctrine: Redemption: Bought with a Price
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
Redemption/ransom imagery from the slave market. Ties directly to substitutionary atonement (cf. 15:3); no Islamic vicarious-payment equivalent, requiring theologian-level framing (6:20; 7:23).
Singleness
Approved rendering: tidak menikah / lajang
Transliteration: tidak menikah / lajang
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Marriage
In a culture — both Indonesian Christian and Muslim — that treats marriage as the near-universal social and religious expectation, Paul’s commendation of singleness as legitimate and even advantageous for undivided devotion to the Lord needs deliberate theologian-level teaching support wherever it appears (7:8, 11, 25-38). This is a conceptual-reception risk, not a word-choice risk.
Idol Meat
Approved rendering: makanan yang telah dipersembahkan kepada berhala
Transliteration: makanan yang telah dipersembahkan kepada berhala
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Christian Liberty
Indonesian Muslim culture carries a highly developed halal/haram food-purity legal framework; readers risk mapping this term directly onto that ritual-law category rather than Paul’s actual point, a conscience-and-love issue among believers (8:1-13; 10:19-28). Deliberately kept as a full descriptive phrase, not compressed, to resist collapse into the halal/haram frame.
Demons
Approved rendering: roh-roh jahat
Transliteration: roh-roh jahat
Doctrine: Idolatry and Spiritual Powers
Original: δαιμόνια
Category: Christian Liberty
Indonesian traditional and folk-Islamic culture has a richly developed spirit-world vocabulary (jin, roh halus, setan) that could be conflated with this term in ways that shift the text toward animistic spirit-appeasement categories rather than Paul’s point about exclusive covenant loyalty to Christ (10:20-21).
Table Of The Lord
Approved rendering: meja Tuhan / meja setan-setan
Transliteration: meja tuhan / meja setan-setan
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων
Category: Lord’s Supper
Participation in the Lord’s Supper and participation in pagan sacrificial meals represent mutually exclusive covenant loyalties (10:21); ties directly into the Lord’s Supper doctrine’s Critical-tier care.
Head
Approved rendering: kepala
Transliteration: kepala
Doctrine: Head Covering and Gender Order in Worship
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Order in Worship
Gender-relations doctrine is pastorally sensitive across Indonesian Christian denominational traditions and culturally loaded given patriarchal norms in both Christian and Muslim Indonesian communities; requires denomination-aware teaching framing (11:3-10), and must not be read via the Watch Tower ontological-hierarchy reading nor the Islamic qawwam family-law framework.
Discerning The Body
Approved rendering: membedakan tubuh (Kristus)
Transliteration: membedakan tubuh (kristus)
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: Ordinance
Failure to recognize the significance of the meal and the unity of the body invites judgment (11:29); carries both sacramental and ecclesial senses — unpack both in a note rather than collapsing to one.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: tubuh Kristus
Transliteration: tubuh kristus
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
Foundational ecclesiological metaphor for the church’s unity-in-diversity (12:12-27); must be distinguished from mere social organization or an officially registered religious association (ormas keagamaan).
Love
Approved rendering: kasih
Transliteration: kasih
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: cinta (romantic/erotic connotation)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
Must not be flattened into generic romantic affection (cinta) or mere goodwill/gotong-royong-style harmony; anchor every occurrence in 1 Korintus 13 to the specific, self-giving, behaviorally-defined agapē Paul describes. This chapter’s popular use at Indonesian weddings (including interfaith/civil ceremonies) has drifted public perception toward a romantic reading that must be actively corrected.
Tongues
Approved rendering: bahasa roh
Transliteration: bahasa roh
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Tongues and Prophecy
Original: γλῶσσαι
Category: Spiritual Gifts
Ecstatic/altered-state speech phenomena exist in Indonesian folk-religious practice (kerasukan, kesurupan — trance possession) that are superficially similar in outward form but theologically unrelated to Spirit-given, edification-oriented tongues (12:10, 28-30; 13:1, 8; 14:1-40); a distinguishing note is required.
Last Adam
Approved rendering: Adam yang akhir
Transliteration: adam yang akhir
Doctrine: Federal Headship of Christ (the Last Adam)
Original: ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ
Category: Christology
Adam is honored in Islam merely as the first prophet, without covenant-headship logic; Paul’s typological argument (representative/federal headship transmitting either condemnation or life, 15:45) is a distinctively Pauline framework absent from Islamic prophetology and requires a theologian’s note to avoid flattening into simple ancestral lineage.
Spiritual Body
Approved rendering: tubuh rohani / tubuh alami
Transliteration: tubuh rohani / tubuh alami
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: σῶμα πνευματικόν / σῶμα ψυχικόν
Category: Eschatology
Must not be read as denying real physicality (a ‘spiritual body’ is still a body) nor conflated with reincarnation concepts among Indonesia’s Hindu-Buddhist minority communities, or a generic Islamic bodily-resurrection-at-judgment concept without Paul’s transformation logic (15:44-49). Also guard against the Jehovah’s Witness NWT-family use of 15:45 to argue for disembodied spirit-existence.
Anathema
Approved rendering: terkutuklah
Transliteration: terkutuklah
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope and the Anathema Formula
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Church Discipline
Indonesian traditional/animistic culture has a well-developed vocabulary of curses (kutuk, santet) associated with magical/occult power; teaching note should clarify this is a solemn apostolic/covenantal exclusion formula grounded in relationship to Christ, not an invocation of magical or occult curse-power (16:22).
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: yang dipanggil
Transliteration: yang dipanggil
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Context-sensitive per baseline convention. Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Korintus 1:1-2 = called to apostleship/sainthood; 1:9 = called to fellowship with Christ; 1:24, 26 = effectual calling; 7:15-24 = calling with respect to one’s station in life.
Calling
Approved rendering: panggilan
Transliteration: panggilan
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Noun form for the act/state of being called. Inherited from Romans package. Used of the Corinthians’ calling to salvation and holy conduct in 1:26 and 7:15-24.
Holy
Approved rendering: kudus
Transliteration: kudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: suci
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Kudus is the established Bible term for moral and relational holiness; suci leans toward ritual purity. Inherited from Romans package. Used of the Corinthian church’s identity (1:2) and of the believer’s body and marriage (7:14, 34).
Saints
Approved rendering: orang-orang kudus
Transliteration: orang-orang kudus
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Wali carries strong association with Islamic Sufi saints venerated at Indonesian pilgrimage sites. Inherited from Romans package. Used of the whole Corinthian congregation (1:2) and of believers who will judge the world (6:1-2), and of the Jerusalem saints supported by the collection (16:1, 15).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pengudusan
Transliteration: pengudusan
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἡγιάσθητε
Category: Sanctification
The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy. Inherited from Romans package. Used in 1:2, 1:30, and 6:11 to describe the Corinthians’ transformed identity grounded in Christ’s finished work, not their own moral reform.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: karunia rohani
Transliteration: karunia rohani
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Spirit-given enablements for service. Inherited from Romans package. Central to 1 Corinthians 12-14, distributed for the common good of the church, not individual status or merit.
Church
Approved rendering: jemaat
Transliteration: jemaat
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: gereja
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Jemaat (the gathered congregation) is preferred over gereja (building/institution). Inherited from Romans package. Used of the whole Corinthian congregation (1:2) and of the church Paul once persecuted (15:9).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kerajaan Allah
Transliteration: kerajaan allah
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
God’s sovereign reign; distinguish from an earthly political kerajaan. Inherited from Romans package. Used in 4:20, 6:9-10, and 15:24-50 in relation to inheritance and the final consummation.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Moral transgression against a personal God; must be anchored to relational offense. Inherited from Romans package. Central to the creedal statement ‘Christ died for our sins’ (15:3) and 15:17, 56.
Glory
Approved rendering: kemuliaan
Transliteration: kemuliaan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
God’s radiant honor and majesty; standard term. Inherited from Romans package. Used of the hidden wisdom decreed for our glory (2:7-8), of doing all to God’s glory (10:31), and of the resurrection body’s differing glories (15:40-43).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: kuasa Allah
Transliteration: kuasa allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
God’s own power to save. Inherited from Romans package. Used in 1:18, 1:24, and 2:5 of the cross’s saving power, which appears as weakness to the world.
Election
Approved rendering: pemilihan
Transliteration: pemilihan
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: takdir
Original: ἐκλέγομαι / ἐξελέξατο
Category: Salvation
God’s sovereign personal choice, not takdir (impersonal decree/fate). Inherited from Romans package. Used of God’s choosing the foolish and weak of the world to shame the wise and strong (1:27-28).
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: tertidur / telah meninggal
Transliteration: tertidur / telah meninggal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: κοιμάομαι / ἐκοιμήθησαν
Category: Eschatology
A euphemism for the death of believers, implying a temporary, reversible state pending resurrection (15:6, 18, 20, 51). Must convey resurrection hope, not soul-sleep doctrine or reincarnation-adjacent concepts present among Indonesia’s Hindu-Buddhist minority traditions.
Untimely Born
Approved rendering: seperti anak yang lahir tidak pada waktunya
Transliteration: seperti anak yang lahir tidak pada waktunya
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: literal clinical rendering of ektrōma
Original: ἔκτρωμα
Category: Church
Paul’s self-deprecating image of his sudden, undeserved entrance into apostleship (15:8) via the risen Christ’s appearance. Requires careful, non-literal, non-clinical handling; the point is unworthiness and grace, not a biological description.
Division
Approved rendering: perpecahan
Transliteration: perpecahan
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
This is division within a single body confessing one Lord (1:10-13; 11:18; 12:25), not disagreement between separately-organized religious communities (aliran/ormas keagamaan) in Indonesia’s religious-social landscape.
Strife
Approved rendering: perselisihan
Transliteration: perselisihan
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: ἔρις
Category: Church
The relational sin underlying the divisions (1:11; 3:3) — pride and rivalry, not mere disagreement of ideas.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: hikmat
Transliteration: hikmat
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: kebijaksanaan (secular philosophical connotation)
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
Hikmat is shared vocabulary with Islamic hikmah and broad Indonesian religious-philosophical discourse. Every occurrence in 1:17-2:16 and 3:19 must anchor ‘wisdom’ specifically to the crucified Christ, not to generic sagacity or mystical wisdom traditions.
Natural Person
Approved rendering: manusia duniawi
Transliteration: manusia duniawi
Doctrine: Sanctification and Bodily Holiness
Rejected alternatives: manusia jasmani (implies merely physical, misses the epistemic point)
Original: ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
Must avoid implying a fixed, inherently inferior caste of people; this is a spiritual-epistemic condition remedied only by the Spirit (2:14).
Spiritual Person
Approved rendering: manusia rohani
Transliteration: manusia rohani
Doctrine: Sanctification and Bodily Holiness
Original: πνευματικός
Category: Sanctification
The believer’s Spirit-given capacity to receive and evaluate spiritual truth (2:15; 3:1).
Carnal
Approved rendering: duniawi / menurut daging
Transliteration: duniawi / menurut daging
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Sanctification
Diagnoses the Corinthians’ factionalism (3:1-3) as immaturity, not unbelief; must not be read as a claim about their salvation status.
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: bait Allah
Transliteration: bait allah
Doctrine: The Church and the Believer’s Body as the Temple of God
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ
Category: Church
Distinguish clearly from the Ka’bah or any physical Islamic sacred site; this is a corporate, Spirit-indwelt community, not a building or pilgrimage destination (3:16-17).
Fire Test
Approved rendering: api akan menguji
Transliteration: api akan menguji
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: πῦρ δοκιμάσει
Category: Church Discipline
Tests the quality of a saved person’s works at judgment (3:13-15); must not collapse into a deeds-weighing salvation framework, nor be read through a Catholic-edition purgatorial-doctrine lens.
Mystery
Approved rendering: rahasia
Transliteration: rahasia
Doctrine: Stewardship of Apostolic Ministry
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Revelation
Do not confuse with esoteric/occult ‘hidden knowledge’ (cf. Indonesian ilmu kebatinan traditions); these mysteries are publicly proclaimed, not secretly guarded. Used of apostolic ministry (4:1), love and gifts (13:2), tongues (14:2), and the resurrection transformation (15:51).
Purge Out
Approved rendering: membuang / membersihkan
Transliteration: membuang / membersihkan
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ἐκκαθάρατε
Category: Church Discipline
The congregation must actively remove corrupting sin from its corporate life, echoing Passover’s removal of leaven (5:7, 13).
Virgin
Approved rendering: anak dara / perawan
Transliteration: anak dara / perawan
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage
Avoid unnecessary echoes of Mary’s title (‘Perawan Maryam’) that could import unrelated Mariological associations; context here is ordinary unmarried women, not virgin-conception theology (7:25-38).
Divorce
Approved rendering: berpisah / menceraikan
Transliteration: berpisah / menceraikan
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: χωρίζω / ἀπολύω
Category: Marriage
Sensitive pastoral topic across both religious communities in Indonesia given differing legal and religious divorce procedures (7:10-15).
Idol
Approved rendering: berhala
Transliteration: berhala
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Christian Liberty
An idol has no real existence as a rival deity, though the spiritual danger of idolatry is real (8:4-7; 10:19; 12:2).
Conscience
Approved rendering: hati nurani
Transliteration: hati nurani
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Christian Liberty
Both Christian and Islamic ethics have developed conscience concepts (cf. Islamic fitrah); anchor Paul’s usage to Spirit-informed Christian liberty exercised in love, not a legal-code-governed conscience (8:7-12; 10:25-29).
Right
Approved rendering: hak
Transliteration: hak
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christian Liberty
A legitimate entitlement one may nonetheless voluntarily forgo. Paul has a legitimate right to material support as an apostle but voluntarily surrenders it for the gospel’s advance (chapter 9); distinguish from the unconditional Christian liberty discussed in chapter 8.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: penyembahan berhala
Transliteration: penyembahan berhala
Doctrine: Idolatry and Spiritual Powers
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Christian Liberty
Israel’s wilderness failure as a warning against present-day compromise with pagan worship (10:7, 14).
Examine Yourselves
Approved rendering: menguji diri sendiri
Transliteration: menguji diri sendiri
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Ordinance
Self-examination for genuine repentance and faith before partaking (11:28), not sinless perfection as a precondition.
Members
Approved rendering: anggota (tubuh)
Transliteration: anggota (tubuh)
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλη
Category: Church
Every believer has an indispensable, Spirit-assigned function within the one body (12:12-26).
One Spirit Baptism
Approved rendering: dibaptis oleh satu Roh
Transliteration: dibaptis oleh satu roh
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: ἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι…ἐβαπτίσθημεν
Category: Church
Must be distinguished from ritual washing acts familiar in Indonesian religious life generally (e.g., wudhu-type framing); this is Spirit-wrought spiritual union into Christ’s body, not primarily a ceremonial act (12:13).
The Greater Way
Approved rendering: jalan yang jauh lebih utama
Transliteration: jalan yang jauh lebih utama
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ὁδὸν…καθ’ ὑπερβολήν
Category: Ethics
Love surpasses all spiritual gifts in enduring value and is the proper context in which all gifts must operate (12:31).
Interpretation
Approved rendering: karunia menafsirkan
Transliteration: karunia menafsirkan
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Tongues and Prophecy
Original: ἑρμηνεία
Category: Spiritual Gifts
The necessary companion gift to tongues, without which tongues-speech is unintelligible and disorderly in public worship (14:5, 13, 27-28).
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: buah sulung / hasil yang pertama
Transliteration: buah sulung / hasil yang pertama
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology
Christ’s resurrection is the guarantee and pattern of believers’ own future bodily resurrection (15:20, 23); no exact Islamic parallel exists for this firstfruits/guarantee logic.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: tidak dapat binasa
Transliteration: tidak dapat binasa
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology
Permanence, freedom from decay and death, characterizing the resurrection body (15:42, 50-54); must be distinguished from a merely improved or extended natural life.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: cium kudus / salam kasih
Transliteration: cium kudus / salam kasih
Doctrine: Giving and Christian Fellowship
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
Physical greeting norms between men and women carry heightened sensitivity in Indonesian culture broadly (both Christian and Muslim); teaching note should clarify this reflects the meaning (warm, family-like Christian affection and unity), not the mandated literal first-century greeting form (16:20).
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ucapan syukur
Transliteration: ucapan syukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
Standard term shared broadly with Indonesian religious usage generally; no significant doctrinal risk. Inherited from Romans package. Used in 1:4, 1:14, and 14:16-18.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: persekutuan
Transliteration: persekutuan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Shared participation in Christ; standard term. Inherited from Romans package. NOTE: risk is elevated to High contextually in 10:16-20 where it describes eucharistic/participatory sharing in Christ’s body and blood versus pagan sacrificial meals; treat that occurrence under the Lord’s Supper Critical-risk doctrine instead of this baseline Low-risk entry.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: nubuat
Transliteration: nubuat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Church
A distinctively biblical-Indonesian term with less Islamic vocabulary overlap than ‘prophet’ itself; low risk. Inherited from Romans package. Preferred by Paul over uninterpreted tongues in public worship (1 Korintus 14).
Foolishness
Approved rendering: kebodohan
Transliteration: kebodohan
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Wisdom
Standard term; the cross, though worldly foolishness (1:18-25; 3:19), is God’s saving wisdom and power.
Leaven
Approved rendering: ragi
Transliteration: ragi
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ζύμη
Category: Church Discipline
Standard metaphor tied to Passover typology (5:6-8); unaddressed sin corrupts the whole congregation.
Marriage
Approved rendering: pernikahan
Transliteration: pernikahan
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος
Category: Marriage
Standard term; marriage is presented as good and God-given but not commanded of all (1 Korintus 7).
Knowledge
Approved rendering: pengetahuan
Transliteration: pengetahuan
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Christian Liberty
Correct theological knowledge, disconnected from love, can wound weaker believers (8:1-11; 13:2, 8).
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: batu sandungan
Transliteration: batu sandungan
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πρόσκομμα / σκάνδαλον
Category: Christian Liberty
Standard Bible metaphor; exercising liberty in a way that causes a weaker believer to sin (8:9, 13).
Edification
Approved rendering: membangun (jemaat)
Transliteration: membangun (jemaat)
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Tongues and Prophecy
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Worship
The controlling purpose of all worship practices and gifts (14:3-26): strengthening the whole congregation, not individual display.
Order
Approved rendering: ketertiban
Transliteration: ketertiban
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Tongues and Prophecy
Original: τάξις
Category: Worship
Worship must reflect God’s own character of order and peace, not confusion (14:40).
Victory Over Death
Approved rendering: kemenangan / sengat maut
Transliteration: kemenangan / sengat maut
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: νίκη / κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου
Category: Eschatology
Standard poetic imagery; Christ’s resurrection has decisively stripped death of its ultimate power over believers (15:54-57).
The Collection
Approved rendering: pengumpulan uang / persembahan
Transliteration: pengumpulan uang / persembahan
Doctrine: Giving and Christian Fellowship
Original: ἡ λογεία
Category: Church
Concrete, practical expression of cross-congregational Christian fellowship and generosity (16:1-4).
Maranatha
Approved rendering: Maranata
Transliteration: maranata
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope and the Anathema Formula
Original: μαρανὰ θά
Category: Eschatology
An early liturgical prayer of longing for Christ’s return, preserved untranslated as an ancient Aramaic formula, parallel to the baseline’s treatment of Abba (16:22).