Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Timothy — English → Indonesian
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all four chapters of 2 Timothy, with priority weight toward the core passage (3:14–4:5). Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked (baseline — reused exactly); new terms introduced by this curriculum are marked (NEW). Risk tiers follow the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework. This table must be merged into translation_memory.json at the start of Phase 2 for 2 Timothy, per the version-increment procedure defined in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused from Romans (No Change Permitted)
| # | Term (EN) | Indonesian | Risk | Doctrine link in 2 Timothy | 2 Timothy occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grace | anugerah | High | Faithful Transmission; general benediction | 1:2, 1:9, 2:1, 4:22 |
| 2 | faith | iman | High | Faithful Transmission; Guarding Sound Doctrine; Apostasy | 1:5, 1:13, 2:18, 2:22, 3:8, 3:10, 3:15, 4:7 |
| 3 | gospel | Injil | High | The Charge to Preach; Faithful Transmission | 1:8, 1:10, 2:8, 4:5 |
| 4 | salvation | keselamatan | Critical | Inspiration/Sufficiency; Assurance of Reward | 2:10, 3:15 |
| 5 | righteousness | kebenaran | Critical | Assurance of Reward; Inspiration/Sufficiency | 3:16, 4:8 |
| 6 | holy | kudus | Medium | Apostasy (antonym ἀνόσιος); general | 1:9, 3:2 (negated) |
| 7 | sanctification / cleanse | pengudusan / menyucikan diri | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine (vessel purity) | 2:21 |
| 8 | resurrection | kebangkitan | High | Faithful Transmission; Apostasy (false resurrection claim) | 2:8, 2:18 |
| 9 | lord | Tuhan | High | The Charge to Preach; general | throughout |
| 10 | jesus | Yesus | Critical | throughout | throughout |
| 11 | god | Allah | High | throughout | throughout |
| 12 | holy spirit | Roh Kudus | Critical | Faithful Transmission (indwelling guardian of the deposit) | 1:14 |
| 13 | apostle | rasul | Critical | The Charge to Preach; Faithful Transmission | 1:1, 1:11 |
| 14 | called / calling | yang dipanggil / panggilan | Medium | Faithful Transmission | 1:9 |
| 15 | election / the elect | pemilihan / orang-orang pilihan | Medium | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:10 |
| 16 | gentiles | bangsa-bangsa lain | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:17 |
| 17 | glory | kemuliaan | Medium | Assurance of Reward; doxology | 2:10, 4:18 |
| 18 | seed of David | keturunan Daud | Medium | Faithful Transmission (gospel content) | 2:8 |
| 19 | law | Hukum Taurat | Medium | (background reference only; not directly cited but relevant to false-teacher disputes) | — |
| 20 | sin | dosa | Medium | Apostasy (vice list, “heaped with sins”) | 3:6 |
| 21 | kingdom of God | Kerajaan Allah (applied: Kerajaan-Nya / Kerajaan Surgawi-Nya) | Medium | The Charge to Preach; Assurance of Reward | 4:1, 4:18 |
| 22 | father | Bapa | Critical | greeting formula (implicit, “God our Father”) | 1:2 |
| 23 | messiah / christ | Kristus (Mesias doctrine background) | Critical | throughout as “Christ Jesus” | throughout |
| 24 | mercy (new field, extends baseline eleos gap) | rahmat | High | greeting formula | 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 2 Timothy (Require Version-Increment into Translation Memory)
| # | Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Indonesian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passage(s) | Risk Reasoning (grounded) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sacred writings | ἱερὰ γράμματα / hiera grammata | Kitab Suci | High | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:15 | Generic term shared across Indonesian religions (Qur’an, Torah, Injil all called “Kitab Suci” by Muslims); must be anchored explicitly to the OT canon fulfilled in Christ every occurrence. |
| 2 | Scripture (God-breathed) | γραφή θεόπνευστος / graphē theopneustos | Kitab Suci yang diilhamkan Allah (TB variant: tulisan yang diilhamkan Allah) | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:16 | Central verse of the doctrine; “diilhamkan Allah” must be taught as organic, multi-author, Spirit-superintended inspiration producing a completed canon — never conflated with Islamic wahyu (verbatim dictation to one final prophet via Gabriel). |
| 3 | profitable for teaching/reproof/correction/training | ὠφέλιμος πρὸς διδασκαλίαν, ἐλεγμόν, ἐπανόρθωσιν, παιδείαν | bermanfaat untuk mengajar, menyatakan kesalahan, memperbaiki kelakuan, mendidik | Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:16 | Establishes Scripture’s comprehensive, self-sufficient functional range; must not be reduced to devotional reading alone. |
| 4 | man of God | ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος / ho tou theou anthrōpos | manusia kepunyaan Allah | High | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:17 | Avoid a literal “manusia Allah,” which risks echoing the honorific wali Allah (saint/friend of God) of Indonesian Sufi-influenced piety. |
| 5 | equipped for every good work | ἐξηρτισμένος πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν / exartismenos | diperlengkapi dengan sepenuhnya untuk setiap perbuatan baik | Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:17 | Must convey Scripture as sufficient equipping, not one source among several. |
| 6 | solemn charge | διαμαρτύρομαι / diamartyromai | dengan sungguh-sungguh berpesan / menugaskan | High | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:1, 2:14 | Must retain binding, oath-like force sworn before God and Christ as judge; not ordinary pastoral advice. |
| 7 | preach the word | κήρυξον τὸν λόγον / kēryxon ton logon | beritakanlah firman [Allah] | High | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:2 | Central imperative of the doctrine; must retain authoritative herald-proclamation sense (kērygma), not soft suggestion. |
| 8 | appearing | ἐπιφάνεια / epiphaneia | kedatangan-Nya (future); kedatangan [Kristus Yesus yang pertama] (incarnation, 1:10) | Critical | The Charge to Preach the Word; Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days; Assurance of Reward | 1:10, 4:1, 4:8 | Same Greek word covers both incarnation and Second Coming; must never be collapsed into the Islamic eschatological expectation of Isa al-Masih’s future return as a righteous prophet who defeats al-Dajjal, rather than the divine Judge-King consummating his own eternal kingdom. |
| 9 | sound teaching / sound words | ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας / ὑγιαινόντων λόγων | pengajaran yang sehat / perkataan yang sehat | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 1:13, 4:3 | Must retain the health/wholeness metaphor (contrasted with “gangrene” in 2:17), not flattened to a bare “benar” (correct). |
| 10 | itching ears (idiom) | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν / knēthomenoi tēn akoēn | telinga yang gatal | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 4:3 | Established Indonesian Bible idiom; low risk, no competing religious loading. |
| 11 | myths | μῦθοι / mythoi | dongeng / mitos | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 4:4 | Standard vocabulary, low ambiguity. |
| 12 | evangelist | εὐαγγελιστής / euangelistēs | pemberita Injil / penginjil | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:5 | Builds on baseline Injil; retain anchoring to the specific NT proclamation of Christ crucified and risen. |
| 13 | endure suffering | κακοπαθέω / kakopatheō | menanggung penderitaan / bertahan dalam kesukaran | High | Perseverance under Suffering | 1:8, 2:9, 4:5 | Central verb-family for the doctrine; must retain active bearing-of-hardship sense, not generic patience. |
| 14 | mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | rahmat | High | greeting formula; Perseverance under Suffering (Onesiphorus) | 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 | TB-established rendering but collides with Islamic ar-Rahman/ar-Rahim attribute vocabulary; anchor to God’s covenant faithfulness shown in Christ, not a generic compassion-attribute. |
| 15 | faithful men | πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι / pistoi anthrōpoi | orang-orang yang setia | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 2:2 | ”Setia” (trustworthy transmitter) must stay distinct from iman (faith exercised) to preserve the doctrine’s specific transmission-chain logic. |
| 16 | soldier / athlete / farmer metaphors | στρατιώτης / ἀθλέω / γεωργός | tentara / berlomba / petani | Medium | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:3-6 | Three vocational images reinforcing single-minded endurance. |
| 17 | crown | στέφανος / stephanos | mahkota | High | Assurance of Reward | 2:5, 4:8 | Must not be introduced with a merit-earned framing detached from grace; see full note under “crown of righteousness.” |
| 18 | word of God is not bound | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται | firman Allah tidak terikat | Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel; Perseverance under Suffering | 2:9 | Foundational confidence statement: the gospel’s advance cannot be imprisoned though its messenger can. |
| 19 | endure (perseverance) | ὑπομένω / ὑπομονή / hypomenō / hypomonē | bertekun / ketekunan | High | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:10, 2:12, 3:10 | Single most important verb-family for this doctrine across the whole book; require rendering consistency across all occurrences. |
| 20 | deny / remain faithful (hymn) | ἀρνέομαι / πιστὸς παραμένει | menyangkal / [Ia] tetap setia | High | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 2:12-13 | ”Menyangkal” reserved for apostasy-level rejection of Christ; contrasts human unfaithfulness with God’s unshakeable faithfulness. |
| 21 | faithful is the saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος / pistos ho logos | perkataan ini benar | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:11 | Marks citation of settled, fixed apostolic teaching. |
| 22 | rightly handling the word of truth | ὀρθοτομέω / orthotomeō | memberitakan firman kebenaran dengan tepat/lurus | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:15 | Operational definition of the doctrine: accurate, non-manipulative handling of Scripture. |
| 23 | irreverent babble | βέβηλος κενοφωνία / bebēlos kenophōnia | percakapan yang kosong dan fasik | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Apostasy | 2:16 | Contrasted with sound words; described as spreading like gangrene. |
| 24 | overturn the faith | ἀνατρέπω τὴν πίστιν / anatrepō tēn pistin | membongkar/merusak iman | High | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 2:18 | Uses baseline iman; false teaching can shipwreck genuine believers’ faith. |
| 25 | God’s foundation stands firm | ὁ στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ θεοῦ / ho stereos themelios tou theou | dasar Allah yang kokoh itu tetap berdiri | Medium | Assurance of Reward; Apostasy | 2:19 | Assurance that God’s larger purpose is unshaken by individual apostasies. |
| 26 | vessels for honor/dishonor | σκεύη εἰς τιμήν / εἰς ἀτιμίαν | bejana yang mulia / yang hina | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:20-21 | Household-vessel metaphor for varying uses among professed believers. |
| 27 | repentance leading to knowledge of the truth | μετάνοια εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας / metanoia eis epignōsin alētheias | pertobatan yang membawa kepada pengenalan akan kebenaran | High | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 2:25 | Must be distinguished from Islamic tawbah (self-initiated remorse-and-restitution within deeds-and-mercy framework); here repentance is itself God’s gracious gift. |
| 28 | snare of the devil | παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου / pagis tou diabolou | jerat Iblis | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 2:26 | False teachers are themselves captives, not merely villains — pastoral nuance. |
| 29 | last days | ἔσχαται ἡμέραι / eschatai hēmerai | hari-hari terakhir | High | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:1 | Must be distinguished from the Indonesian Islamic akhir zaman sign-sequence (Dajjal, return of Nabi Isa, Imam Mahdi); NT “last days” is a theological category already inaugurated at Christ’s first coming. |
| 30 | times of difficulty | καιροὶ χαλεποί / kairoi chalepoi | zaman yang sukar/berbahaya | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:1 | Sets up the vice catalogue that follows. |
| 31 | vice catalogue (18 terms) | φίλαυτοι κτλ. | mencintai diri sendiri, mencintai uang, membual, sombong, dst. | Low individually / Medium as set | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:2-5 | ἀνόσιοι (“unholy”) must preserve the direct antonym relationship to baseline kudus. |
| 32 | godliness — form vs. power | εὐσέβεια / μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας… δύναμιν ἠρνημένοι | (rupa) ibadah…menyangkal kuasanya | Critical | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:5 | TB renders εὐσέβεια as ibadah, colliding with Islamic ritual-obligation vocabulary (sholat/puasa/zakat/haji evaluated toward pahala). Mandatory teaching note required every occurrence: the text itself contrasts outward ritual form with inward Spirit-empowered reality. |
| 33 | impostors / deceivers | γόητες / goētes | penipu / penyesat | High | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:13 | ”Penyesat” carries broad polemical weight in Indonesian public discourse; anchor strictly to this text’s criteria. |
| 34 | deceiving and being deceived | πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι / planōntes kai planōmenoi | menyesatkan dan disesatkan | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:13 | False teachers are simultaneously active deceivers and self-deceived. |
| 35 | disqualified regarding the faith | ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν / adokimoi peri tēn pistin | tidak tahan uji dalam hal iman | High | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:8 | Uses baseline iman; false teachers fail the test genuine faith requires passing. |
| 36 | persecutions and sufferings endured / the Lord rescued me | διωγμοί, παθήματα / ῥύομαι | penganiayaan dan penderitaan / Tuhan melepaskan aku | High | Perseverance under Suffering | 3:11 | ”Melepaskan” (situational rescue) must stay distinguishable from keselamatan (final soteriological salvation). |
| 37 | all who desire to live godly will be persecuted | πάντες οἱ θέλοντες εὐσεβῶς ζῆν διωχθήσονται | semua yang rindu hidup dengan saleh akan dianiaya | High | Perseverance under Suffering | 3:12 | Universalizes Paul’s pattern; uses eusebeia root (see #32). |
| 38 | will go from bad to worse | προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον | akan makin bertambah jahat | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:13 | Sober trajectory statement feeding urgency into the Charge to Preach. |
| 39 | continue in what you learned and firmly believed | μένε… ἐπιστώθης / menō… pistoō | tetaplah… telah engkau yakini dengan pasti | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 3:14 | ἐπιστώθης shares pistis-root; conviction produced by the reliability of the apostolic source, not self-generated certainty. |
| 40 | fought the good fight / finished the race / kept the faith | ἠγώνισμαι / τετέλεκα / τετήρηκα | mengakhiri pertandingan yang baik / mencapai garis akhir / memelihara iman | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Perseverance under Suffering; Faithful Transmission | 4:7 | Summary triad; uses baseline iman. |
| 41 | crown of righteousness | ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος / ho tēs dikaiosynēs stephanos | mahkota kebenaran | Critical | Assurance of Reward | 4:8 | Fault-line term between biblical assurance and Islamic deeds-and-mercy judgment framework; must connect to baseline anugerah ≠ pahala distinction — a certain reward for a grace-enabled finished race, not a merit-account balance. |
| 42 | the Lord will award (grace-framed) | ἀποδώσει ὁ κύριος / apodōsei ho kyrios | akan dikaruniakan (Tuhan) | High | Assurance of Reward | 4:8 | Same Greek verb rendered differently at 4:14 (retributive justice, “membalas”); must not be harmonized into one deeds-weighing formula. |
| 43 | the Lord will repay him according to his deeds | ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ | Tuhan akan membalasnya menurut perbuatannya | High | Assurance of Reward (negative counterpart) | 4:14 | Retributive justice against unrepentant opposition — distinct category from the believer’s grace-secured reward at 4:8. |
| 44 | proclamation | κήρυγμα / kērygma | pemberitaan (Injil) | High | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:17 | Related to kēryssō word-family from 4:2; uses baseline bangsa-bangsa lain. |
| 45 | rescued from the lion’s mouth / saved into his heavenly kingdom | ἐρρύσθην… ῥύσεται… σώσει εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν… ἐπουράνιον | dilepaskan dari mulut singa / akan melepaskan dan menyelamatkan ke dalam Kerajaan Surgawi-Nya | Critical | Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance of Reward | 4:17-18 | Combines rhyomai (situational rescue) with baseline keselamatan and Kerajaan Allah; capstone assurance statement. |
| 46 | Demas deserted me, having loved this present world | Δημᾶς ἐγκατέλιπεν ἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα | Demas meninggalkan aku karena mencintai dunia sekarang ini | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 4:10 | A named, concrete case grounding the doctrine in pastoral reality. |
| 47 | deposit / entrusted | παραθήκη / parathēkē | apa yang telah dipercayakan kepadaku/kepadamu | Critical | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:12, 1:14 | Names a fixed, bounded, already-given apostolic content to be guarded and passed on unchanged — not a living, later-reinterpretable tradition. |
| 48 | pattern of sound words | ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων | teladan perkataan yang sehat | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 1:13 | Paul’s own teaching as template for future sound doctrine. |
| 49 | Savior | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Juruselamat | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:10 | Requires the same contextual framing discipline as baseline Mesias/Anak Allah — no equivalent role for Isa in Islamic theology. |
| 50 | abolished death / brought life and immortality to light | καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον / φωτίσαντος ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν | membinasakan maut / menyatakan hidup dan ketidakbinasaan | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:10 | Direct link to baseline’s Critical Resurrection and Incarnation doctrines. |
| 51 | immortality | ἀφθαρσία / aphtharsia | kekekalan / ketidakbinasaan | Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:10 | The eternal life disclosed through the gospel. |
| 52 | preacher, apostle, teacher | κήρυξ καὶ ἀπόστολος καὶ διδάσκαλος | pemberita (Injil) dan rasul dan guru | High | The Charge to Preach the Word | 1:11 | Grounds Paul’s authority to charge Timothy in ch.4; κήρυξ is new, rasul is baseline Critical. |
| 53 | guard/keep | φυλάσσω / phylassō | menjaga / memelihara | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 1:12, 1:14 | Active custodianship of the entrusted gospel content. |
Section C — Consistency Cross-References to Baseline Language Package
| Consistency Rule | Rationale |
|---|---|
| iman (faith), anugerah (grace), keselamatan (salvation), kebenaran (righteousness/dikaiosynē), kebangkitan (resurrection), rasul (apostle), Roh Kudus (Holy Spirit), kudus (holy), Kerajaan Allah (kingdom of God), keturunan Daud (seed of David), bangsa-bangsa lain (Gentiles), kemuliaan (glory) — all reused from Romans translation_memory.json without modification | Learners moving between the Romans and 2 Timothy curricula must encounter identical vocabulary for identical Greek concepts |
| kebenaran now carries two distinct source-Greek meanings across this curriculum: dikaiosynē (righteousness, 3:16, 4:8) and alētheia (truth, 4:4, 2:15, 2:25) | Same Indonesian word, two distinct Greek roots — flag for native speaker review wherever both senses could be confused within a single lesson |
| ἀποδίδωμι (apodidōmi) rendered as “dikaruniakan” (4:8, grace-framed reward) vs. “membalas” (4:14, retributive justice) | Same Greek verb, deliberately different Indonesian renderings by context — must not be harmonized into a single deeds-weighing formula |
| ἐπιφάνεια (epiphaneia) rendered “kedatangan-Nya” consistently at 4:1 and 4:8; incarnation sense at 1:10 kept linked but distinguishable | Prevents collapsing Christ’s first and second “appearing” into one undifferentiated event, and prevents assimilation to the Islamic expectation of Isa’s return |
| ὑπομένω/ὑπομονή (hypomenō/hypomonē) rendered consistently as “bertekun/ketekunan” at every occurrence (1:8 implied, 2:3, 2:10, 2:12, 3:10, 3:11, 4:5) | Single most important vocabulary item for Perseverance under Suffering; consistency is doctrinally load-bearing |
| Rendering of 2 Timothy 3:16 must be fixed identically across all Phase 2 documents once selected (Kitab Suci yang diilhamkan Allah, recommended) | This is the thesis-equivalent verse for the whole curriculum’s Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture doctrine — parallel to Romans 1:16-17’s fixed-rendering requirement |
| Rendering of 2 Timothy 4:7-8 (fought the good fight…crown of righteousness) must be fixed identically across all Phase 2 documents once selected | High-use pastoral/memorial text; consistency required as with Romans 8:28 |
See analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter exegetical grounding of every entry in this glossary.
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json (version increment) before any Phase 2 segment translation of 2 Timothy begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: keselamatan
Transliteration: keselamatan
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. 2 Timothy 3:15 (‘wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus’) and 2:10 (obtained by the elect). Must remain distinct from rhyomai-family situational rescue vocabulary (see persecutions_sufferings_rescued, rescued_lion_mouth_heavenly_kingdom); never framed as attainable through submission-plus-deeds.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kebenaran
Transliteration: kebenaran
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. In 2 Timothy occurs in ‘training in righteousness’ (3:16, dikaiosynē) and ‘crown of righteousness’ (4:8, dikaiosynē) — both must retain forensic/relational standing, never dutiful performance. IMPORTANT EXTENSION: the same Indonesian word ‘kebenaran’ also renders the separate Greek root alētheia (‘truth,’ 2:15, 2:25, 4:4) in this book. Flag every occurrence for native speaker review to confirm which underlying Greek sense (dikaiosynē vs. alētheia) is active; never assume interchangeability within one lesson.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yesus
Transliteration: Yesus
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Never Nabi Isa. Occurs throughout, always paired with Kristus in 2 Timothy’s characteristic ‘Christ Jesus’/‘Jesus Christ’ formula.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Kudus
Transliteration: Roh Kudus
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. 2 Timothy 1:14 (‘guard the good deposit entrusted to you by the Holy Spirit who dwells in us’) requires a distinguishing note: this is a divine, indwelling Person guarding apostolic content, not the Islamic Ruh al-Qudus generally identified with the created angel Gabriel, and not the impersonal ‘active force’ theology of Jehovah’s Witness materials in circulation (KSTD).
Apostle
Approved rendering: rasul
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Occurs 1:1, 1:11 grounding Paul’s authority to charge Timothy in chapter 4. Every occurrence needs a translator note distinguishing this NT office from the Islamic doctrine of a closed line of messenger-prophets culminating in Muhammad.
Father
Approved rendering: Bapa
Transliteration: Bapa
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Invoked in the opening greeting formula (1:2, ‘God our Father’). Requires teaching support clarifying relational/covenantal fatherhood, not physical parentage.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesias
Transliteration: Mesias
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Occurs throughout 2 Timothy as part of the fixed title ‘Christ Jesus.’ Every occurrence in this curriculum’s Critical-risk passages (1:9-10’s Savior/appearing cluster, 2:8’s gospel summary) needs the same note distinguishing the biblical Messiah — crucified, risen, and coming again as divine Judge — from the Quranic Isa al-Masih, a prophet understood not to have died, who returns as a righteous prophet-figure rather than the consummating divine King.
Theopneustos Scripture
Approved rendering: Kitab Suci yang diilhamkan Allah
Transliteration: Kitab Suci yang diilhamkan Allah
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: tulisan yang diilhamkan Allah (TB variant, retained only for cross-reference awareness)
Original: γραφὴ θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16, the thesis verse of the Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture doctrine, parallel in curriculum status to Romans 1:16-17. ‘Diilhamkan Allah’ must be taught, every occurrence, as the Spirit’s superintending of many human authors across centuries producing a completed, sufficient, already-closed canon — never conflated with the Islamic doctrine of wahyu (verbatim dictation of a closed, final revelation to one prophet via the angel Gabriel), and distinct from the lesser Islamic category of ilham (minor, non-authoritative inspiration). Fixed rendering required curriculum-wide.
Appearing
Approved rendering: kedatangan-Nya (masa depan); kedatangan [Kristus Yesus] yang pertama (inkarnasi)
Transliteration: kedatangan-Nya / kedatangan yang pertama
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: epifania (transliteration forbidden — collides with the unrelated liturgical Feast of Epiphany, Hari Epifani)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
Epiphaneia, used of both Christ’s first incarnate coming (1:10) and his future visible return as Judge and King (4:1, 4:8). Must be rendered with two linked but distinguishable phrases and never collapsed into the Islamic eschatological expectation of Isa al-Masih’s future return as a righteous prophet who defeats al-Dajjal and dies a natural death. Must also never be rendered with JW-style hedged phrasing implying an invisible, non-bodily presence.
Godliness Form Vs Power
Approved rendering: mempunyai rupa ibadah, tetapi menyangkal kuasanya
Transliteration: rupa ibadah
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας… τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:5 (morphōsin eusebeias… tēn dynamin autēs ērnēmenoi). The Alkitab TB renders eusebeia as ‘ibadah,’ the same word used in Indonesian Islam for ritual obligatory acts of worship (sholat, puasa, zakat, haji) evaluated toward pahala. Retaining ‘ibadah’ (the established, linguistically fitting TB choice) requires a MANDATORY teaching note on every occurrence: the text’s own contrast is precisely between outward ritual religiosity and inward, Spirit-empowered transformation — one of the highest-risk terms in the entire curriculum.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: mahkota kebenaran
Transliteration: mahkota kebenaran
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: upah kebenaran (rejected — ‘upah,’ wage, tilts toward Islamic pahala-style merit accounting)
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Reward
2 Timothy 4:8 (ho tēs dikaiosynēs stephanos). Sits at the exact fault line between biblical assurance and the Islamic deeds-and-mercy judgment framework (pahala/dosa weighed at yaum al-hisab). Must be taught as the certain, already-‘laid up’ outcome of a grace-enabled finished race of faith, explicitly connected to the baseline’s established anugerah ≠ pahala distinction.
Rescued Lion Mouth Heavenly Kingdom
Approved rendering: dilepaskan dari mulut singa / akan melepaskan aku dan menyelamatkan aku ke dalam Kerajaan Surgawi-Nya
Transliteration: dilepaskan dari mulut singa / akan melepaskan dan menyelamatkan ke dalam Kerajaan Surgawi-Nya
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: diselamatkan dari bahaya besar (BIS-style collapse of rhyomai into sōzō, rejected)
Original: ἐρρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος / ῥύσεταί με… καὶ σώσει εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐπουράνιον
Category: Reward
2 Timothy 4:17-18. Combines rhyomai (situational rescue, cf. 3:11) with baseline keselamatan and Kerajaan Allah patterns — a capstone assurance statement for Perseverance under Suffering and Assurance of Reward. Keep the two rescue-vocabularies distinguishable even as this verse deliberately links them.
Deposit Entrusted
Approved rendering: apa yang telah dipercayakan kepadaku / kepadamu
Transliteration: apa yang telah dipercayakan
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: tradisi yang berkembang (rejected — implies an evolving, reinterpretable tradition, contradicting the fixed, closed sense of parathēkē)
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 1:12, 1:14 (parathēkē). Names a fixed, bounded, already-given apostolic content to be guarded and passed on unchanged — categorically different from an evolving, community-negotiated body of teaching. Every occurrence needs a note distinguishing this closed and entrusted content from a living tradition subject to later authoritative reinterpretation through scholarly consensus (a live risk given the ijma/qiyas frameworks familiar in Indonesian Islamic religious authority).
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: Injil
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar baik
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. In 2 Timothy anchors 1:8, 1:10, 2:8, 4:5 — the fixed apostolic content Timothy must guard and pass on unashamed, even under persecution and imprisonment. Must not be left as a generic label interchangeable with the Quranic ‘Injil’ believed given to and lost by Isa.
Grace
Approved rendering: anugerah
Transliteration: anugerah
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: rahmat, pahala
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Occurs 1:2, 1:9, 2:1, 4:22. 2 Timothy 1:9 explicitly grounds calling ‘not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace’ — must never be rendered with pahala (merit earned).
Faith
Approved rendering: iman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Occurs throughout 2 Timothy (1:5, 1:13, 2:18, 2:22, 3:8, 3:10, 3:15, 4:7) in both the ‘trust in Christ’ sense and the ‘body of apostolic teaching’ sense (‘disqualified regarding the faith,’ ‘overturn the faith’). Context must make clear which sense is active; keep firmly distinct from the new term ‘setia’ (faithful_men, trustworthy transmitter), which is a different concept.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: kebangkitan
Transliteration: kebangkitan
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. 2:8 grounds the gospel content itself in ‘Jesus Christ, risen from the dead’; 2:18 shows a counterfeit spiritualized ‘resurrection’ claim (Hymenaeus and Philetus) used by false teachers to overturn some believers’ faith — must never be rendered in a way that legitimizes that false teaching as a valid variant.
Lord
Approved rendering: Tuhan
Transliteration: Tuhan
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Applied throughout to Christ Jesus as coming Judge (4:1) and object of ministry (2:24, 4:22). Must convey exclusive, supreme lordship consistent with Romans 10:9, not ‘a lord’ among other lords.
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: Allah
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. The risk lies not in the word Allah itself but in surrounding vocabulary (rasul, ibadah, wahyu-adjacent concepts) carrying contested Quranic doctrinal content, exactly as in the baseline Romans package.
Mercy
Approved rendering: rahmat
Transliteration: rahmat
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: kasih sayang (too weak, loses covenantal weight)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW field extending the baseline greeting-formula pattern (eleos), not present as a standalone entry in the Romans baseline. Occurs 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 (Onesiphorus). Rahmat is the established TB rendering and linguistically accurate, but is also the specific Arabic-derived term naming Allah’s defining attribute (ar-Rahman/ar-Rahim) in Islamic theology. Every occurrence must anchor this mercy to God’s covenant faithfulness demonstrated concretely in Christ’s saving work, not left as a free-floating divine-compassion attribute detached from the cross. Keep distinct from anugerah (grace) when both appear together in 1:2/1:9.
Sacred Writings
Approved rendering: Kitab Suci
Transliteration: Kitab Suci
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:15 (hiera grammata). ‘Kitab Suci’ is a generic religious category in Indonesian usage — Muslims apply the same label to the Qur’an and to the Torah/Injil as they understand them. Every occurrence must be anchored explicitly to the OT canon fulfilled in and pointing toward Christ Jesus, not left as an interchangeable label alongside other faiths’ scriptures.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: manusia kepunyaan Allah
Transliteration: manusia kepunyaan Allah
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: manusia Allah
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:17. A literal ‘manusia Allah’ risks echoing the honorific ‘wali Allah’ (friend/saint of God) venerated in Indonesian Sufi-influenced piety, or sounding like a claim of quasi-divine status. The established TB rendering ‘manusia kepunyaan Allah’ (a person who belongs to God) is required; never revert to the literal form under translation-brevity pressure.
Solemn Charge
Approved rendering: dengan sungguh-sungguh berpesan / menugaskan
Transliteration: dengan sungguh-sungguh berpesan / menugaskan
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: menasihati (too weak), meminta dengan sangat (BIS-style softening, rejected)
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:1 (cf. 2:14). Diamartyromai. Must convey a solemn, unbreakable charge sworn before God and Christ as witnesses — weakening this to ordinary pastoral advice undermines the whole doctrine. Always retain the accompanying divine-witness clause (‘di hadapan Allah dan Kristus Yesus…’) in the same sentence unit so the oath-like solemnity is structurally, not just lexically, preserved.
Preach The Word
Approved rendering: beritakanlah firman [Allah]
Transliteration: beritakanlah firman [Allah]
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κήρυξον τὸν λόγον
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2 (kēryxon ton logon). Central imperative of the doctrine. ‘Beritakanlah’ must retain authoritative herald-proclamation force (kērygma), not soften into a suggestion. ‘Firman’ should be capitalized and used consistently for the proclaimed apostolic word of God, distinct from ‘kata’ (an ordinary word).
Sound Teaching
Approved rendering: pengajaran yang sehat / perkataan yang sehat
Transliteration: pengajaran yang sehat / perkataan yang sehat
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: benar (too flat, loses the health metaphor)
Original: ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας / ὑγιαινόντων λόγων
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 1:13, 4:3 (hygiainousēs didaskalias / hygiainontōn logōn). Must retain the health/wholeness metaphor contrasted with the ‘gangrene’ of false teaching (2:17), not be flattened to a bare ‘benar’ (correct).
Endure Suffering
Approved rendering: menanggung penderitaan / bertahan dalam kesukaran
Transliteration: menanggung penderitaan / bertahan dalam kesukaran
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: sabar (Islamic merit-accumulation virtue, forbidden as a synonym)
Original: κακοπαθέω
Category: Perseverance
Kakopatheō, 1:8, 2:9, 4:5. Central verb-family for Perseverance under Suffering; must not be softened into generic patience but must retain active bearing-of-hardship sense, grace-empowered (2:1), distinct from sabar’s merit-accumulation framework.
Faithful Men
Approved rendering: orang-orang yang setia
Transliteration: orang-orang yang setia
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:2 (pistoi anthrōpoi). ‘Setia’ (faithful/trustworthy) must be kept distinct from iman (faith exercised) in the glossary; this doctrine turns on identifying trustworthy transmitters in the chain Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others — a distinct concept from personal saving faith.
Crown
Approved rendering: mahkota
Transliteration: mahkota
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: στέφανος
Category: Reward
Stephanos, 2:5, 4:8. Must not be introduced with a merit-earned framing detached from grace; the crown rewards finishing according to the rules within a grace-given calling, not a wage independent of grace. See fuller treatment at crown_of_righteousness.
Endure Perseverance
Approved rendering: bertekun / ketekunan
Transliteration: bertekun / ketekunan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: sabar (forbidden — Islamic merit-accumulation virtue), nrimo (forbidden — Javanese fatalistic resignation)
Original: ὑπομένω / ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
Hypomenō/hypomonē, 2:10, 2:12, 3:10-11, 4:5. The single most important verb-family for Perseverance under Suffering across the whole book; consistency of rendering across every occurrence is doctrinally load-bearing. Must convey steadfast, personal, grace-grounded endurance, not stoic self-reliance or fatalistic resignation.
Deny Remain Faithful
Approved rendering: menyangkal / [Ia] tetap setia
Transliteration: menyangkal / [Ia] tetap setia
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀρνέομαι / πιστὸς παραμένει
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:12-13 (arneomai / pistos paramenei). A hymn-like formula contrasting human denial/unfaithfulness with God’s unshakeable faithfulness. ‘Menyangkal’ is reserved for apostasy-level rejection of Christ, distinct from ordinary doubt, and recurs at 3:5 (‘denying its power’).
Rightly Handling Word
Approved rendering: memberitakan firman kebenaran dengan tepat / lurus
Transliteration: memberitakan firman kebenaran dengan tepat / lurus
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: mengajarkan firman itu dengan benar (too generic, loses the road-cutting metaphor)
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:15 (orthotomeō). The operational, positive-contrast definition of Guarding Sound Doctrine against false teachers who twist Scripture; the road-building/surveying metaphor does not transfer literally and requires this paraphrase.
Overturn The Faith
Approved rendering: membongkar / merusak iman
Transliteration: membongkar / merusak iman
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀνατρέπω τὴν πίστιν
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:18 (anatrepō tēn pistin). Uses baseline iman; false teaching (claiming the resurrection has already happened) can shipwreck believers’ faith — links Apostasy directly to the baseline’s Critical-tier resurrection and salvation vocabulary.
Repentance To Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: pertobatan yang membawa kepada pengenalan akan kebenaran
Transliteration: pertobatan yang membawa kepada pengenalan akan kebenaran
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μετάνοια εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:25 (metanoia eis epignōsin alētheias). ‘Pertobatan’ must be distinguished from the Islamic concept of tawbah (self-initiated remorse-and-restitution within a deeds-and-mercy framework); here repentance is itself something God grants (‘God may perhaps grant them repentance’), a sovereign gift, not a self-initiated act of contrition that earns restored standing.
Last Days
Approved rendering: hari-hari terakhir
Transliteration: hari-hari terakhir
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: akhir zaman (forbidden as a synonym — triggers the popular Indonesian Islamic sign-sequence of al-Dajjal, Isa’s return, and Imam Mahdi)
Original: ἔσχαται ἡμέραι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:1 (eschatai hēmerai). Must be distinguished from the popular Indonesian Islamic akhir zaman sign-sequence; the NT category is already inaugurated at Christ’s first coming, not primarily a future countdown of dramatic signs, and culminates in Christ’s own return as divine Judge, not a returning prophet fighting alongside another eschatological figure.
Impostors Deceivers
Approved rendering: penipu / penyesat
Transliteration: penipu / penyesat
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γόητες
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:13 (goētes). ‘Penyesat’ (one who leads astray) carries broad, transferable polemical weight in Indonesian public discourse generally; anchor strictly to this text’s specific criteria (denial of the gospel’s power, opposition to sound teaching), never as a free-floating label for any doctrinal disagreement.
Disqualified Regarding Faith
Approved rendering: tidak tahan uji dalam hal iman
Transliteration: tidak tahan uji dalam hal iman
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:8 (adokimoi peri tēn pistin). Uses baseline iman; false teachers fail the test genuine faith requires passing.
Persecutions Sufferings Rescued
Approved rendering: penganiayaan dan penderitaan / Tuhan melepaskan aku
Transliteration: penganiayaan dan penderitaan / Tuhan melepaskan aku
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμοί, παθήματα… ῥύομαι
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 3:11 (diōgmoi, pathēmata… rhyomai). ‘Melepaskan’ (situational rescue) must stay clearly distinguishable from keselamatan (final, once-for-all soteriological salvation) so learners do not confuse temporal rescue with eternal salvation.
Godly Life Persecuted
Approved rendering: semua orang yang rindu hidup dengan saleh akan dianiaya
Transliteration: semua orang yang rindu hidup dengan saleh akan dianiaya
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: πάντες οἱ θέλοντες εὐσεβῶς ζῆν διωχθήσονται
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 3:12 (pantes hoi thelontes eusebōs zēn diōchthēsontai). Uses the eusebeia root (see godliness_form_vs_power); universalizes Paul’s own pattern of suffering to all faithful believers as normal, not exceptional, Christian experience. Note ‘saleh’ (from Arabic sālih) also collides with Islamic amal saleh (righteous-deed piety counted toward pahala) — requires the same teaching-note discipline as rupa ibadah.
Continue Learned Believed
Approved rendering: tetaplah… telah engkau yakini dengan pasti
Transliteration: tetaplah… telah engkau yakini dengan pasti
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: μένε… ἐπιστώθης
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 3:14 (menō… pistoō). Ἐπιστώθης shares the pistis-root (baseline iman = High risk); must not be flattened to generic ‘believed’ detached from the personal, apostolic chain of transmission that produced the conviction (Paul, Lois, Eunice) — this is Faithful Transmission of the Gospel in miniature.
Fought Good Fight Triad
Approved rendering: aku telah mengakhiri pertandingan yang baik, aku telah mencapai garis akhir, aku telah memelihara iman
Transliteration: aku telah mengakhiri pertandingan yang baik, aku telah mencapai garis akhir, aku telah memelihara iman
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι, τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα, τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα
Category: Reward
2 Timothy 4:7 (ēgōnismai, teteleka, tetērēka). Uses baseline iman; a fixed high-use memorial text, parallel in curriculum status to Romans 8:28, requiring identical rendering across all Phase 2 documents once selected.
Lord Will Award
Approved rendering: akan dikaruniakan (Tuhan)
Transliteration: akan dikaruniakan
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: akan mengupahi (rejected — upah-root implies wage/merit accounting), akan memberikan sebagai balasan (rejected — same reason)
Original: ἀποδώσει ὁ κύριος
Category: Reward
2 Timothy 4:8 (apodōsei ho kyrios). The Lord’s positive, grace-framed giving of the crown of righteousness, preserving the grace-framing (karunia-root) of this specific reward statement. The same Greek verb apodidōmi is used again at 4:14 in a negative, retributive sense — apply a DIFFERENT Indonesian verb there (membalas) and never harmonize the two into a single deeds-weighing formula; flag both occurrences for theologian review.
Lord Will Repay Deeds
Approved rendering: Tuhan akan membalasnya menurut perbuatannya
Transliteration: Tuhan akan membalasnya menurut perbuatannya
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
Category: Reward
2 Timothy 4:14 (apodōsei autō ho kyrios kata ta erga autou). Retributive divine justice against Alexander, a specific named opponent of the gospel — the negative counterpart to 4:8’s grace-framed crown, a distinct category from the believer’s grace-secured reward. Must never be harmonized with lord_will_award into one deeds-weighing formula.
Proclamation
Approved rendering: pemberitaan (Injil)
Transliteration: pemberitaan (Injil)
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:17 (kērygma). Related to the kēryssō word-family from 4:2; uses baseline bangsa-bangsa lain. Content of apostolic preaching, which Paul hoped might be fully made known to all the Gentiles.
Pattern Of Sound Words
Approved rendering: teladan perkataan yang sehat
Transliteration: teladan perkataan yang sehat
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 1:13 (hypotypōsis hygiainontōn logōn). Paul’s own teaching functions as the template for future sound doctrine — grounds Guarding Sound Doctrine in a fixed, already-given apostolic pattern, not an open-ended standard.
Savior
Approved rendering: Juruselamat
Transliteration: Juruselamat
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
2 Timothy 1:10 (sōtēr). Long-established Indonesian Christian title; risk lies in the underlying claim (Christ personally accomplishes rescue from death and sin), which has no equivalent in the Islamic understanding of Isa as a prophet who did not die and whose role is not substitutionary rescue, nor in Jehovah’s Witness theology which holds Christ to be a created being. Requires the same contextual framing discipline as Mesias and Anak Allah.
Abolished Death Immortality
Approved rendering: membinasakan maut / menyatakan hidup dan ketidakbinasaan
Transliteration: membinasakan maut / menyatakan hidup dan ketidakbinasaan
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον, φωτίσαντος δὲ ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν
Category: Christology
2 Timothy 1:10 (katargēsantos ton thanaton, phōtisantos zōēn kai aphtharsian). Christ’s saving work accomplished through his appearing; direct link to the baseline’s Critical-tier Resurrection and Incarnation doctrines.
Preacher Apostle Teacher
Approved rendering: pemberita (Injil) dan rasul dan guru
Transliteration: pemberita (Injil) dan rasul dan guru
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κήρυξ καὶ ἀπόστολος καὶ διδάσκαλος
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:11 (kēryx kai apostolos kai didaskalos). Grounds Paul’s authority to charge Timothy in chapter 4; kēryx is a new term for this curriculum, rasul carries the baseline’s Critical apostleship risk and note.
Guard Keep
Approved rendering: menjaga / memelihara
Transliteration: menjaga / memelihara
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: φυλάσσω
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 1:12, 1:14 (phylassō). Active custodianship of the apostolic deposit entrusted for safekeeping; the operative verb of the doctrine, applied both to Christ’s guarding of Paul’s deposit and Timothy’s guarding of his own.
Share In Suffering
Approved rendering: turut menderita
Transliteration: turut menderita
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
2 Timothy 1:8 (synkakopatheō). Timothy is called to suffer alongside Paul for the gospel — direct instance of Perseverance under Suffering, sharing the same root as endure_suffering (kakopatheō).
Sincere Faith
Approved rendering: iman yang tulus ikhlas
Transliteration: iman yang tulus ikhlas
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
2 Timothy 1:5 (anhypokritos pistis). Uses baseline iman; Timothy’s faith inherited through a genuine family line of faith (Lois, Eunice) — introduces the transmission-chain logic later formalized in 2:2.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: kudus
Transliteration: kudus
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: suci
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Occurs positively at 1:9 (‘panggilan kudus’) and by direct negation at 3:2 (ἀνόσιοι, part of the vice catalogue) — the negated form must preserve the holy/unholy polarity (e.g. ‘tidak kudus’), not be flattened to a vaguer ‘jahat’ (evil).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pengudusan
Transliteration: pengudusan
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Background concept behind 2:21’s call to be a ‘vessel for honorable use, set apart’; distinct from the specific responsive act named separately as cleanse_himself (ekkatharē heauton).
Called
Approved rendering: yang dipanggil
Transliteration: yang dipanggil
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: κλήσει (καλέσαντος)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. 1:9 — ‘who saved us and called us to a holy calling, not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace.’ Must convey personal sovereign summons, not takdir (impersonal decree).
Calling
Approved rendering: panggilan
Transliteration: panggilan
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Paired with kudus at 1:9 (‘panggilan kudus’).
Election
Approved rendering: pemilihan
Transliteration: pemilihan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: takdir
Original: ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified; also covers ‘the elect’ (orang-orang pilihan, eklektoi) at 2:10, for whose sake Paul endures all things. Never takdir; this is personal, purposive choosing tied to the goal that the elect ‘obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus.‘
Gentiles
Approved rendering: bangsa-bangsa lain
Transliteration: bangsa-bangsa lain
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: orang kafir
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. 4:17 — Paul’s proclamation fully made known to all the Gentiles. Never orang kafir.
Glory
Approved rendering: kemuliaan
Transliteration: kemuliaan
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. 2:10 (eternal glory obtained in Christ) and 4:18 (closing doxology).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: keturunan Daud
Transliteration: keturunan Daud
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. 2:8, paired directly with ‘risen from the dead’ as the compressed gospel content of the whole Faithful Transmission doctrine.
Law
Approved rendering: Hukum Taurat
Transliteration: Hukum Taurat
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: syariat
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Background context for disputes among false teachers; not directly cited in 2 Timothy’s core passage but relevant vocabulary. Never syariat.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. 3:6 — described as ‘heaped up’ in weak, easily-led women captured by false teachers. Anchored to relational offense, not a purely legal infraction.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kerajaan Allah
Transliteration: Kerajaan Allah
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified, applied specifically to Christ’s reign as ‘Kerajaan-Nya’ (4:1) and ‘Kerajaan Surgawi-Nya’ (4:18, heavenly kingdom). Distinguish from earthly political kerajaan and from Jehovah’s Witness 144,000/earthly-paradise readings.
David
Approved rendering: Daud
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Established Indonesian Bible proper-name form; part of keturunan Daud (2:8).
Peace
Approved rendering: damai sejahtera
Transliteration: damai sejahtera
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Part of the greeting formula ‘grace, mercy, and peace’ at 1:2. Relational, covenantal peace, not merely the greeting-word ‘salam.‘
Scripture Profitability
Approved rendering: bermanfaat untuk mengajar, menyatakan kesalahan, memperbaiki kelakuan, dan mendidik
Transliteration: bermanfaat untuk mengajar, menyatakan kesalahan, memperbaiki kelakuan, dan mendidik
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὠφέλιμος πρὸς διδασκαλίαν, ἐλεγμόν, ἐπανόρθωσιν, παιδείαν
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16b. Establishes Scripture’s comprehensive, self-sufficient functional range; must not be reduced to devotional reading alone, since this comprehensiveness undergirds the Sufficiency doctrine against any felt need for supplementary authoritative sources (Hadith, Sunnah, ijma).
Equipped For Good Works
Approved rendering: diperlengkapi dengan sepenuhnya untuk setiap perbuatan baik
Transliteration: diperlengkapi dengan sepenuhnya untuk setiap perbuatan baik
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐξηρτισμένος πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:17. Must convey Scripture as the sufficient equipping source, not one input among several needed to reach completeness — directly confronts the Islamic epistemic need for Hadith/Sunnah/ijma to supplement revelation.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: pemberita Injil / penginjil
Transliteration: pemberita Injil / penginjil
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:5 (euangelistēs). Builds on baseline Injil; must retain Injil’s anchoring to the specific NT proclamation of Christ crucified and risen. Reserve ‘penginjil’ as the primary rendering here; reserve ‘pemberita (Injil)’ primarily for the 1:11 kēryx triad to avoid blurring Paul’s authority-grounding self-description with Timothy’s assigned task.
Soldier Athlete Farmer
Approved rendering: tentara / berlomba / petani
Transliteration: tentara / berlomba / petani
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: στρατιώτης / ἀθλέω / γεωργός
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 2:3-6. Three vocational metaphors reinforcing single-minded, disciplined endurance; ensure the images are not moralized into self-earned merit apart from the grace already introduced at 2:1.
Word Of God Not Bound
Approved rendering: firman Allah tidak terikat
Transliteration: firman Allah tidak terikat
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 2:9. Foundational confidence statement: the gospel’s advance cannot be imprisoned though its messenger can — undergirds both Faithful Transmission and Perseverance under Suffering.
Faithful Is The Saying
Approved rendering: perkataan ini benar
Transliteration: perkataan ini benar
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:11 (pistos ho logos). A fixed formulaic introduction marking a citation of settled, authoritative apostolic teaching — ties to Guarding Sound Doctrine’s concern for a fixed body of teaching rather than an evolving one.
Irreverent Babble
Approved rendering: percakapan yang kosong dan fasik
Transliteration: percakapan yang kosong dan fasik
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: βέβηλος κενοφωνία
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:16 (bebēlos kenophōnia). Godless, empty talk with no spiritual substance, described as spreading like gangrene; contrasted directly with sound words.
Foundation Stands Firm
Approved rendering: dasar Allah yang kokoh itu tetap berdiri
Transliteration: dasar Allah yang kokoh itu tetap berdiri
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Reward
2 Timothy 2:19. Grounds assurance that God’s larger redemptive purpose is not derailed by any individual’s fall into false teaching.
Vessels Honor Dishonor
Approved rendering: bejana yang mulia / yang hina
Transliteration: bejana yang mulia / yang hina
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: σκεύη εἰς τιμήν / εἰς ἀτιμίαν
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:20-21. Household-vessel metaphor for varying uses/purposes among professed believers; calls for self-purification to be a vessel fit for honorable use.
Cleanse Himself
Approved rendering: menyucikan diri
Transliteration: menyucikan diri
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἐκκαθάρῃ ἑαυτόν
Category: Sanctification
2 Timothy 2:21 (ekkatharē heauton). The believer’s responsive act of purifying from defiling associations; related to but distinct from pengudusan (the Spirit’s ongoing sanctifying work).
Snare Of Devil
Approved rendering: jerat Iblis
Transliteration: jerat Iblis
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:26 (pagis tou diabolou). False teachers are themselves captives, not merely villains — a pastoral nuance for the doctrine.
Times Of Difficulty
Approved rendering: zaman yang sukar / berbahaya
Transliteration: zaman yang sukar / berbahaya
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: καιροὶ χαλεποί
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:1 (kairoi chalepoi). Sets up the eighteen-item vice catalogue that follows.
Vice Catalogue
Approved rendering: mencintai diri sendiri, mencintai uang, membual, sombong, suka menghujat, tidak taat kepada orang tua, tidak tahu berterima kasih, tidak kudus, dan seterusnya
Transliteration: mencintai diri sendiri, mencintai uang, membual, sombong, dan seterusnya
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: jahat (rejected as the rendering for anosioi specifically — loses the holy/unholy polarity)
Original: φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, ἀλαζόνες, ὑπερήφανοι, βλάσφημοι, κτλ.
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:2-5. Eighteen-term catalogue describing the moral character of the last days and coming false teachers. Individually low-risk vocabulary; flagged as a set because anosioi (‘unholy’) must preserve its direct antonym relationship to baseline kudus.
Deceiving Being Deceived
Approved rendering: menyesatkan dan disesatkan
Transliteration: menyesatkan dan disesatkan
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:13 (planōntes kai planōmenoi). False teachers are simultaneously active deceivers and self-deceived.
Demas Deserted
Approved rendering: Demas telah meninggalkan aku karena mencintai dunia sekarang ini
Transliteration: Demas telah meninggalkan aku karena mencintai dunia sekarang ini
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: Δημᾶς με ἐγκατέλιπεν ἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:10. A real, named instance of apostasy in miniature — grounds the doctrine in concrete pastoral experience rather than abstraction.
Immortality
Approved rendering: kekekalan / ketidakbinasaan
Transliteration: kekekalan / ketidakbinasaan
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Christology
2 Timothy 1:10 (aphtharsia). The eternal life disclosed through the gospel.
Gift Of God Rekindle
Approved rendering: karunia Allah / mengobarkan (kembali)
Transliteration: karunia Allah / mengobarkan kembali
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
2 Timothy 1:6 (charisma theou / anazōpyrein). Timothy’s ordination gift, received through the laying on of hands, needing active stirring; extends the baseline karunia rohani pattern to the singular charisma of 1:6.
Spirit Of Power Love Self Control
Approved rendering: roh ketakutan / roh kuasa, kasih, dan penguasaan diri
Transliteration: roh ketakutan / roh kuasa, kasih, dan penguasaan diri
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
2 Timothy 1:7. God’s Spirit produces boldness for gospel ministry, not fearful withdrawal — feeds directly into the Charge to Preach doctrine.
Not Ashamed
Approved rendering: malu (jangan malu)
Transliteration: jangan malu
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
2 Timothy 1:8, 1:12 (epaischynomai). Timothy must not be ashamed of the gospel testimony or of Paul’s imprisonment — links Perseverance under Suffering to Faithful Transmission of the Gospel.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: menasihati
Transliteration: menasihati
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Used for parakaleō in 4:2’s charge triad (‘reprove, rebuke, and exhort’), alongside menghakimi/tegurlah for the other two verbs.
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: telinga yang gatal
Transliteration: telinga yang gatal
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:3. Already an established idiom in Indonesian Bible usage; low risk since it carries no competing religious loading.
Myths
Approved rendering: dongeng / mitos
Transliteration: dongeng / mitos
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μῦθοι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:4. Standard vocabulary, low ambiguity.
Go Bad To Worse
Approved rendering: akan makin bertambah jahat
Transliteration: akan makin bertambah jahat
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:13 (prokopsousin epi to cheiron). Sober trajectory statement feeding urgency into the Charge to Preach the Word (4:1-2).
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: penumpangan tangan
Transliteration: penumpangan tangan
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
2 Timothy 1:6 (epithesis tōn cheirōn). Commissioning rite through which Timothy’s ministry gift was given.
Testimony
Approved rendering: kesaksian
Transliteration: kesaksian
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
2 Timothy 1:8 (martyrion). The gospel witness about Christ and the apostolic testimony to it.
Referenced passages