Core Glossary

Core Glossary — 2 Thessalonians — Indonesian

This glossary compiles every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book (chapters 1–3), with the destination-language (Indonesian) rendering and translation risk tier. Risk tiers follow the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [REUSE TM] and rendered exactly as recorded there; they must not be altered. Terms new to this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed for addition to translation memory before Phase 2 processing begins.

Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Translation Memory

English Term	Greek / Transliteration	Indonesian Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Passages	Status
God	θεός / theos	Allah	Critical	God	1:1-2, 2:4, 2:11, 2:13, 2:16, 3:5	[REUSE TM]
Lord	κύριος / kyrios	Tuhan	Critical	Lordship of Christ	throughout	[REUSE TM]
Jesus	Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous	Yesus	Critical	Lordship of Christ	1:1, 1:7-8, 1:12, 2:1, 2:8, 2:14, 2:16, 3:6, 3:12, 3:18	[REUSE TM]
Christ	Χριστός / Christos	Kristus	Critical	Messianic Promise	throughout	[REUSE TM]
grace	χάρις / charis	anugerah	High	Grace	1:2, 1:12, 2:16, 3:18	[REUSE TM]
peace	εἰρήνη / eirēnē	damai sejahtera	Medium	Peace with God	1:2, 3:16	[REUSE TM]
faith / believe	πίστις, πιστεύω / pistis, pisteuō	iman / percaya	High	Faith	1:3-4, 1:10-11, 2:11-13, 3:2	[REUSE TM]
church	ἐκκλησία / ekklēsia	jemaat	Medium	Church as God’s People	1:1, 1:4	[REUSE TM]
holy	ἅγιος / hagios	kudus	High	Sanctification	1:10	[REUSE TM]
sanctification	ἁγιασμός / hagiasmos	pengudusan	High	Sanctification	2:13	[REUSE TM]
Holy Spirit	πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion	Roh Kudus	Critical	Sanctification	2:13	[REUSE TM]
glory	δόξα / doxa	kemuliaan	High	Deity of Christ	1:9, 1:12, 2:14	[REUSE TM]
power of God	δύναμις θεοῦ / dynamis theou	kuasa Allah	Medium	Power of God for Salvation	(contrast term for 2:9’s counterfeit power)	[REUSE TM]
law (Mosaic)	νόμος / nomos	Hukum Taurat	Medium	— (referenced only by contrast in “lawlessness”)	—	[REUSE TM — see ἀνομία below, never rendered via syariat]
exhort	παρακαλέω / parakaleō	menasihati	Low	Mutual Edification	3:12 (implied comfort/exhortation sense)	[REUSE TM]
election	ἐκλογή (verb αἱρέομαι) / eklogē (haireomai)	pemilihan (memilih)	High	Effectual Calling	2:13	[REUSE TM]
salvation / saved	σωτηρία, σῴζω / sōtēria, sōzō	keselamatan / diselamatkan	Critical	Salvation	2:10, 2:13	[REUSE TM]
righteousness / truth (kebenaran, dual sense flag)	δικαιοσύνη vs. ἀλήθεια	kebenaran	High (compound risk)	Salvation / Fulfillment of Prophecy	2:10, 2:12, 2:13	[REUSE TM — see Section D for dual-sense warning]

Section B — New Critical and High Risk Terms (Core Passage 2 Thessalonians 2:1–12)

English Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Indonesian Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Passages	Translation Risk Notes
the coming (parousia)	παρουσία / parousia	presence, arrival	kedatangan	Critical	The Day of the Lord	2:1, 2:8, 2:9	Same word used for Christ’s true return AND the lawless one’s counterfeit “coming” — must preserve this deliberate ironic parallel. Every occurrence in the Day of the Lord doctrine requires anchoring to Christ’s bodily, historical, glorious return, distinguished from the Islamic doctrine of Isa’s future descent as a righteous prophet.
Day of the Lord	ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου / hēmera tou kyriou	day of the Lord	Hari Tuhan	Critical	The Day of the Lord	2:2	Parallels Yaum al-Qiyamah closely; must be anchored to Christ’s specific return and judgment, not a generic universal judgment day.
the falling away / apostasy	ἀποστασία / apostasia	standing away, defection	kemurtadan	High	The Day of the Lord	2:3	Collides with the Indonesian-Islamic legal/social category of “murtad” (leaving Islam); requires a note clarifying this is an end-times falling-away from Christian faith generally, not a comment on that social category.
man of lawlessness	ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας / anthrōpos tēs anomias	man of lawlessness	manusia durhaka	Critical	The Man of Lawlessness	2:3	The single highest-risk term in the book. Collides with the named Islamic eschatological figure Dajjal. Requires theologian-reviewed note on every occurrence distinguishing this human, Satan-empowered figure — defeated by Christ’s own bodily return — from the Dajjal tradition.
lawlessness	ἀνομία / anomia	without-law-ness, rebellion	kedurhakaan / kefasikan	High	The Man of Lawlessness	2:3, 2:7	Never render or explain via syariat (Islamic law) framing; anchor to rebellion against God’s moral character.
son of destruction	υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας / huios tēs apōleias	son of perdition	anak kebinasaan	High	The Man of Lawlessness	2:3	Structural parallel to “Anak Allah” (Critical) — teach explicitly as Hebraic idiom (“destined for destruction”), never as competing sonship.
temple of God	ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ / naos tou theou	temple of God	Bait Allah	High	The Man of Lawlessness	2:4	Must use “Bait Allah,” never candi (Hindu-Buddhist temple), kuil, or masjid — each would import a foreign religious-building category.
declaring himself God	ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν θεός	proving himself to be God	menyatakan dirinya sebagai Allah	Critical	Deity of Christ (counterfeit)	2:4	A blasphemous counterfeit deity-claim; requires explicit contrast with Christ’s true deity, given shared cultural sensitivity around tawhid/shirk.
that which restrains / he who restrains	τὸ κατέχον / ὁ κατέχων / to katechon / ho katechōn	that which holds back	yang menahan(nya)	High	The Day of the Lord / The Man of Lawlessness	2:6-7	Deliberately mysterious and exegetically debated (Roman order? Holy Spirit? angelic power?). Must preserve ambiguity; do not resolve with an interpretive gloss.
mystery	μυστήριον / mystērion	hidden thing now disclosed	rahasia	Medium	The Man of Lawlessness	2:7	Standard biblical usage; distinguish from generic occult/esoteric “misteri” connotations.
Satan	Σατανᾶς / Satanas	Satan	Iblis	High	The Man of Lawlessness	2:9	Shares its name with the Quranic jinn Iblis, a different created order than the biblical fallen-angelic Satan; brief anchoring note recommended.
power, signs, wonders (counterfeit)	δύναμις, σημεῖον, τέρας	power, signs, wonders	kuasa, tanda-tanda, mujizat (palsu)	Medium	The Man of Lawlessness	2:9	”Mujizat” alone implies true divine miracle in Indonesian usage; the qualifier “palsu” (false) is essential to avoid implying divine authentication.
love of the truth	ἀγάπη τῆς ἀληθείας / agapē tēs alētheias	love of the truth	kasih akan kebenaran	High	Salvation / God’s Righteous Judgment	2:10	”Aletheia” (truth) here maps to “kebenaran,” the same word reserved for δικαιοσύνη (righteousness) elsewhere; teach the dual technical sense explicitly.
God sends a strong delusion	πέμπει…ἐνέργειαν πλάνης / pempei energeian planēs	sends a working of delusion	mengirimkan kuasa yang menyesatkan	High	God’s Righteous Judgment	2:11	Theologically delicate: frame as judicial hardening in response to prior willful rejection of truth, not as God being an arbitrary author of falsehood.
judged / condemned	κρίνω (κριθῶσιν) / krithōsin	be judged	dihukum / dihakimi	High	God’s Righteous Judgment	2:12	Retain forensic, certain, and just character of the verdict; do not soften into a deeds-weighed-against-mercy framework.

Section C — New Terms, Chapter 1 (Perseverance under Persecution, God’s Righteous Judgment)

English Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Indonesian Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Passages	Translation Risk Notes
endurance / perseverance	ὑπομονή / hypomonē	steadfastness under pressure	ketekunan	Medium-High	Perseverance under Persecution	1:4	Must convey active, faith-fueled steadfastness, not fatalistic passive resignation (sabar/tawakal-style framing).
persecution	διωγμός / diōgmos	organized hostile action	penganiayaan	Medium	Perseverance under Persecution	1:4	Pastorally sensitive given real experiences among Indonesian Christian minority communities; render with dignity, without sensationalizing.
affliction / tribulation	θλῖψις / thlipsis	pressing hardship	penderitaan	Low-Medium	Perseverance under Persecution	1:4, 1:6	Standard term.
just / righteous (of a verdict)	δίκαιος / dikaios	just, right	adil	High	God’s Righteous Judgment	1:5-6	Distinct Indonesian word from “benar/kebenaran” (righteousness of status/character). Consistency guidance: “adil” = just/fair (of verdicts/acts); “kebenaran” = righteous standing/truth. Must not be used interchangeably without explanation.
vengeance / retribution	ἐκδίκησις / ekdikēsis	judicial retribution	pembalasan	High	God’s Righteous Judgment	1:8	Must be framed as God’s own prerogative alone, exercised justly; never sanctioning personal revenge.
eternal destruction	ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος / olethros aiōnios	everlasting ruin	kebinasaan yang kekal	High	God’s Righteous Judgment	1:9	Ensure finality/permanence is conveyed; distinguish from a deeds-weighing eschatological framework; comparable in seriousness to but distinct from Islamic jahannam teaching.
relief	ἄνεσις / anesis	rest, easing of pressure	kelegaan	Low-Medium	Perseverance under Persecution	1:7	Standard term.
revelation (of Christ)	ἀποκάλυψις / apokalypsis	unveiling	penyataan / kedatangan	High	Day of the Lord	1:7	Same family as parousia/apokalyptō; reinforce contrast with the counterfeit “revealing” of the lawless one in ch.2.
counted worthy	ἀξιόω / axioō	deem fit	menganggap layak	Medium	Divine Calling	1:11	Connects to baseline TM “calling” (panggilan); this is prayer for divine enabling, not human merit.
work of faith	ἔργον πίστεως / ergon pisteōs	faith-generated action	perbuatan iman	Medium	Obedience of Faith	1:11	Related to, but distinct from, TM’s “ketaatan iman” (obedience of faith, Rom 1:5/16:26).

Section D — New Terms, Chapter 2:13–17 (Effectual Calling, Sanctification, Standing Firm)

English Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Indonesian Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Passages	Translation Risk Notes
chosen	αἱρέομαι (εἵλατο) / haireomai	selected, chosen	memilih	High	Effectual Calling	2:13	Reuse baseline caution for “pemilihan”: never explained via takdir (impersonal decree); this is personal, relational choosing.
belief of the truth	πίστις ἀληθείας / pistis alētheias	belief in what is true	iman kepada kebenaran	High	Salvation	2:13	Dual-sense “kebenaran” warning: here “kebenaran” = the true gospel message (epistemic sense), distinct from Romans’ forensic “kebenaran” (righteousness/right standing before God). Both senses must be taught explicitly across the curriculum so learners recognize the same Indonesian word carries two related but distinct technical meanings.
eternal comfort	παράκλησις αἰωνία / paraklēsis aiōnios	lasting consolation	penghiburan yang kekal	Low-Medium	Standing Firm in the Traditions	2:16	Grounds believers’ steadfastness.
good hope	ἐλπὶς ἀγαθή / elpis agathē	well-founded hope	pengharapan yang baik	Low	Standing Firm in the Traditions	2:16	Assured hope, not wishful uncertainty.
strengthen / establish	στηρίζω / stērizō	make firm	menguatkan / meneguhkan	Medium	Standing Firm in the Traditions	2:17	Establishing believers in “every good work and word.”

Section E — New Terms, Chapter 3 (Standing Firm in the Traditions, Church Discipline)

English Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Indonesian Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Passages	Translation Risk Notes
word of the Lord	λόγος τοῦ κυρίου / logos tou kyriou	word of the Lord	firman Tuhan	Medium	Mission to the Nations (proclamation)	3:1	Distinguish from the Christological “Firman” title (Incarnation); here it means “the gospel message,” not a title for Christ.
tradition(s)	παράδοσις / paradosis	that which is handed down	ajaran (yang diterima)	High	Standing Firm in the Traditions	2:15, 3:6	Prefer “ajaran” over “tradisi.” Key collision: Islamic Sunnah/Hadith function as an authoritative transmitted-tradition corpus alongside the Quran. Must clarify this is the specific, once-delivered apostolic gospel teaching consistent with Scripture, not an open supplementary revelatory body.
disorderly / idle	ἀτάκτως / ἄτακτος / ataktōs / ataktos	out of formation, undisciplined	(hidup) dengan tidak tertib	Medium	Standing Firm in the Traditions	3:6, 3:7, 3:11	Central practical-discipline term; keep rendering consistent across all occurrences in ch.3.
command / instruct	παραγγέλλω / parangellō	authoritative charge	memerintahkan	Medium	Apostleship (authority)	3:4, 3:6, 3:10, 3:12	Carries real apostolic authority weight; do not soften into a mere suggestion.
faithful	πιστός / pistos	trustworthy	setia	Low-Medium	Faith (character sense)	3:3	Distinguish clearly from “iman” (the noun/act of believing); this describes reliable character/conduct.
deliver / rescue	ῥύομαι / rhyomai	rescue from danger	dilepaskan / diselamatkan (dari)	Medium	God’s Righteous Judgment (protection)	3:2	Deliverance from wicked opponents of the gospel.
busybody	περιεργάζομαι / periergazomai	intrusive meddling	mencampuri urusan orang lain	Low-Medium	Standing Firm in the Traditions	3:11	Specific disorderly conduct: idleness expressed as meddling.
ashamed	ἐντρέπω / entrepō	put to shame	menjadi malu	Medium	Standing Firm in the Traditions	3:14	Honor/shame dynamic; flagged per baseline escalation rules for native speaker review.
admonish	νουθετέω / noutheteō	corrective warning	menegur / menasihati (dengan tegas)	Low-Medium	Standing Firm in the Traditions	3:15	Firmer, corrective sense; distinguish from TM’s “menasihati” used for parakaleō (exhort/encourage).
the Lord of peace himself	αὐτὸς ὁ κύριος τῆς εἰρήνης	the Lord of peace personally	Tuhan damai sejahtera itu sendiri	Medium	Peace with God	3:16	God/Christ himself, personally, as the source of peace — not an abstract blessing.
sign (of authenticity)	σημεῖον / sēmeion	authenticating mark	tanda (pengenal)	Medium	The Day of the Lord (false-letter concern)	3:17	Links back to the forged-letter concern of 2:2; Paul’s handwriting as proof of a genuine letter.

Section F — Chapters Reviewed with No New Doctrinal Vocabulary

None. Every chapter of 2 Thessalonians (1, 2, 3) introduces load-bearing theological vocabulary directly relevant to the five core doctrines of this curriculum (The Day of the Lord, The Man of Lawlessness, Perseverance under Persecution, God’s Righteous Judgment, Standing Firm in the Traditions). All three chapters are documented above in full; none is a “no new vocabulary” chapter for this short, densely doctrinal epistle.

Risk Summary for This Curriculum

Risk Tier	Count (new terms, Sections B–E)	Review Routing
Critical	4 (parousia/kedatangan, Hari Tuhan, manusia durhaka, menyatakan dirinya sebagai Allah)	Human theologian, every occurrence
High	15 (kemurtadan, kedurhakaan/kefasikan, anak kebinasaan, Bait Allah, yang menahan, Iblis, kasih akan kebenaran, kuasa yang menyesatkan, dihukum/dihakimi, adil, pembalasan, kebinasaan yang kekal, memilih, iman kepada kebenaran, ajaran/paradosis)	Human theologian
Medium	20	Native speaker review
Low	15	Automated review

This glossary, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md, forms the Step 1 deliverable for Phase 1 of the 2 Thessalonians Language Package and must be loaded alongside the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Step 2 (Doctrine Risk Registry construction for this curriculum) begins.

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: Allah
Doctrine: God

Allah has been the established Indonesian Christian term since the earliest Malay-language Bible translations. In 2 Thessalonians, God is also the one who judicially sends the ‘strong delusion’ (2:11) and executes righteous judgment (1:5-9); this must not be softened into an impersonal fate-dispensing power. Inherited from Romans package.

Lord

Approved rendering: Tuhan
Transliteration: Tuhan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ

Tuhan is broad, generic vocabulary across Indonesian religious usage; context must establish exclusive, supreme divine Lordship. In this letter this includes the title ‘the Lord of peace himself’ (3:16) and the phrase ‘day of the Lord’ (2:2). Inherited from Romans package.

Jesus

Approved rendering: Yesus
Transliteration: Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa

Never use Nabi Isa, the Islamic prophetic framing that denies the crucifixion and reframes Isa’s future descent as a righteous prophet defeating Dajjal, not the divine Son returning in his own glory to judge (relevant to 2:1-12). Inherited from Romans package.

Salvation

Approved rendering: keselamatan
Transliteration: keselamatan
Doctrine: Salvation

In 2 Thessalonians 2:10 and 2:13, salvation is the explicit positive counterpart to the judicial hardening of 2:11-12 — secured through belief of the truth and the Spirit’s sanctifying work, not deeds weighed against mercy. Retain the Critical-risk framing established in the baseline. Inherited from Romans package.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Roh Kudus
Transliteration: Roh Kudus
Doctrine: Sanctification

2 Thessalonians 2:13. Must be distinguished both from the Islamic Ruh al-Qudus (generally identified with the angel Gabriel) and from the false ‘spirit’ (a claimed prophetic utterance) rejected in 2:2 within the same chapter — these two related but distinct referents require careful contextual separation. Inherited from Romans package.

Father

Approved rendering: Bapa
Transliteration: Bapa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family

2 Thessalonians 1:1-2, 2:16, ‘God our Father.’ Must be relational/adoptive language, never a claim about physical parentage, per the same tawhid-sensitivity flagged in the baseline. Inherited from Romans package.

Christ

Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Kristus
Doctrine: Messianic Promise

NEW to this book’s registry, though the underlying Greek word (Christos) is the same as the baseline ‘messiah’ entry (Mesias). Alkitab TB convention renders this as ‘Kristus’ when part of the compound title ‘Yesus Kristus,’ reserving ‘Mesias’ for contexts specifically teaching OT messianic-promise fulfillment. Both refer to the same reality; keep this distinction visible in teaching notes so learners do not think two different figures are meant.

Parousia

Approved rendering: kedatangan
Transliteration: kedatangan
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: parousia (transliterated)

The visible, bodily, glorious return of Christ (2:1, 2:8), and — deliberately, ironically, by Paul’s own reuse of the same Greek word — the lawless one’s counterfeit ‘coming’ (2:9). Critical because Indonesian Islamic eschatology affirms a future descent of Isa as a righteous prophet who defeats Dajjal and later dies naturally, never as the divine Son returning in his own glory to judge. Every occurrence applied to Christ requires anchoring to his bodily, historical, glorious return. The single shared Indonesian word must be preserved across both referents (Christ’s true coming and the lawless one’s counterfeit coming) to retain Paul’s rhetorical irony; do not introduce two different Indonesian words.

Day Of The Lord

Approved rendering: Hari Tuhan
Transliteration: Hari Tuhan
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: Hari Kiamat

2 Thessalonians 2:2. Parallels Yaum al-Qiyamah (Day of Resurrection/Judgment) closely enough that Indonesian readers will spontaneously map this onto that existing schema. Every occurrence requires an explicit anchoring clause naming Christ (‘Hari Tuhan Yesus…’) rather than standing alone as a generic universal judgment day. Never gloss with, or draw simple equivalence to, Hari Kiamat.

Man Of Lawlessness

Approved rendering: manusia durhaka
Transliteration: manusia durhaka
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: Antikristus, Dajjal

2 Thessalonians 2:3, also ‘the lawless one’ (ho anomos, 2:8). The single highest-risk term in this book. Indonesian Islamic eschatology has a named counterpart figure, Dajjal (al-Masih ad-Dajjal), the deceiving false messiah defeated by the returning Isa and the Mahdi. Every occurrence requires a theologian-reviewed note distinguishing: (1) a human figure empowered by Satan, not a false messiah bearing Isa’s name/title; (2) defeated by Christ’s own bodily return and spoken word alone, no separate deliverer figure; (3) never taught as confirming, or identified with, the Dajjal tradition. Never import ‘Antikristus,’ a distinct Johannine term not used in this letter.

Deity Claim Counterfeit

Approved rendering: menyatakan dirinya sebagai Allah
Transliteration: menyatakan dirinya sebagai Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: mengaku dirinya sebagai Allah

2 Thessalonians 2:4, the lawless one’s blasphemous self-claim to deity, enthroned in God’s temple. A direct, satanically-empowered counterfeit of true deity. Requires explicit teaching contrast distinguishing this false claim from Christ’s true, eternal deity affirmed at 1:1 and 1:12 — the same tawhid/shirk sensitivity that makes ‘Anak Allah’ Critical in the baseline applies here.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar baik

Present in 2 Thessalonians 2:14 (‘through our gospel’) and underlying 3:1’s ‘word of the Lord’ proclamation. Every use should be anchored to the specific New Testament proclamation of Christ crucified and risen, not left as a generic label for a scripture given to Isa. Inherited from Romans package.

Grace

Approved rendering: anugerah
Transliteration: anugerah
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: rahmat, pahala

Frames the letter’s opening and closing benedictions (1:2, 1:12, 2:16, 3:18). Must be distinguished from rahmat (Allah’s general mercy) and pahala (merit earned through deeds and weighed at judgment). Inherited from Romans package.

Faith

Approved rendering: iman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith

Iman shares its name with the Islamic six pillars of faith and must be anchored to personal trust in Christ specifically. This book adds a further collision: the verb form (‘percaya’) is applied ironically to belief in ‘the lie’ (2:11) using the same root as saving faith; this ironic contrast must be taught explicitly, not smoothed over. Inherited from Romans package.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: kebenaran
Transliteration: kebenaran
Doctrine: Salvation

In this book ‘kebenaran’ carries a second, distinct technical sense (the true gospel message, aletheia, at 2:10, 2:12, 2:13) alongside its baseline forensic sense (right standing before God). Every occurrence in 2:10-13 requires a translator note specifying which sense is active; see love_of_the_truth and belief_of_the_truth entries below. Inherited from Romans package.

Revelation Of Christ

Approved rendering: penyataan / kedatangan (yang dinyatakan)
Transliteration: penyataan
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord

2 Thessalonians 1:7, Christ’s future revealing ‘from heaven’ in glory and judgment, accompanied by mighty angels. Same word-family as parousia/apokalyptō; reinforce the contrast between Christ’s true revealing here and in 2:8 versus the lawless one’s counterfeit ‘revealing’ in 2:3-9.

Apostasy

Approved rendering: kemurtadan
Transliteration: kemurtadan
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord

2 Thessalonians 2:3, the great falling-away preceding the Day of the Lord. ‘Murtad/kemurtadan’ is a heavily loaded Indonesian-Islamic legal and social category (leaving Islam) carrying real social, familial, and in some regions legal consequences. Requires a note clarifying this is a general end-times falling-away from Christian faith, not a comment on, or endorsement of, that socio-legal category.

Lawlessness

Approved rendering: kedurhakaan / kefasikan
Transliteration: kedurhakaan
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness

2 Thessalonians 2:3, 2:7. Rebellion against God’s moral order as such, not against a specific legal code. Never render or explain via syariat (Islamic religious law).

Son Of Destruction

Approved rendering: anak kebinasaan
Transliteration: anak kebinasaan
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness

2 Thessalonians 2:3. Semitic idiom, ‘one destined for destruction.’ Structurally parallels ‘Anak Allah’ (Son of God, Critical in baseline); must be taught explicitly as a Hebraic idiom, never confused with, or allowed to relativize, the unique eternal Sonship of Christ.

Temple Of God

Approved rendering: Bait Allah
Transliteration: Bait Allah
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: candi, kuil, masjid, Rumah Allah

2 Thessalonians 2:4. Must use the established biblical term ‘Bait Allah,’ never candi (Hindu-Buddhist temple), kuil (generic pagan/Chinese-Indonesian temple), masjid (mosque), or the overly generic ‘Rumah Allah’ (which could be misread as any church building). Flag the scholarly ambiguity (literal future temple vs. figurative church) for teaching notes without resolving it prematurely in the translation itself.

Restrainer

Approved rendering: yang menahan(nya)
Transliteration: yang menahannya
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: Roh Kudus (as named identification), pemerintah Roma (as named identification)

2 Thessalonians 2:6-7, ‘that which restrains’ (impersonal, v.6) shifting to ‘he who restrains’ (personal, v.7). One of the most exegetically debated phrases in the NT. Must preserve the grammatical ambiguity rather than resolving it with an interpretive gloss; never name the restrainer (Holy Spirit, Roman order, angelic power) inside the translated text or an unattributed footnote.

Satan

Approved rendering: Iblis
Transliteration: Iblis
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: Setan

2 Thessalonians 2:9, the empowering source behind the lawless one’s counterfeit coming. Iblis is the established Indonesian Bible term but is also the Quranic name for the jinn who refused to bow to Adam (Quran 2:34, 7:11-18), a being of a different created order than the biblical fallen-angelic Satan. A brief anchoring note is required wherever this term carries doctrinal weight.

Energy Of Satan

Approved rendering: kuasa kerja Iblis
Transliteration: kuasa kerja Iblis
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness

2 Thessalonians 2:9. Must convey that the lawless one’s power is wholly derivative and satanically sourced, not self-generated or divinely authenticated, keeping the contrast with true ‘kuasa Allah’ intact.

Love Of The Truth

Approved rendering: kasih akan kebenaran
Transliteration: kasih akan kebenaran
Doctrine: Salvation

2 Thessalonians 2:10. ‘Alētheia’ (truth) here maps onto Indonesian ‘kebenaran,’ the same word reserved for dikaiosynē (righteousness/right standing before God) elsewhere. Teaching notes must clarify these are two distinct technical senses of the same Indonesian word: an epistemic/revelatory sense here (the true gospel message) versus a forensic sense in Romans-derived material.

Belief Of The Truth

Approved rendering: iman kepada kebenaran
Transliteration: iman kepada kebenaran
Doctrine: Salvation

2 Thessalonians 2:13. Same dual-sense ‘kebenaran’ warning as love_of_the_truth above. Genuine reception of, and reliance on, the true gospel message, paired with the Spirit’s sanctifying work as the means by which God’s electing choice is realized.

Strong Delusion

Approved rendering: kuasa yang menyesatkan
Transliteration: kuasa yang menyesatkan
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment

2 Thessalonians 2:11. Theologically delicate: the text states God himself sends this delusion. Must be framed as judicial hardening in response to prior, willful rejection of the truth (cf. the Pharaoh pattern), never as God being an arbitrary author of falsehood.

Judged Condemned

Approved rendering: dihukum / dihakimi
Transliteration: dihukum
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment

2 Thessalonians 2:12. Must retain the forensic, certain, and just character of this condemnation — the deserved verdict on those who willfully preferred the lie — and never be softened into a deeds-weighed-against-mercy framework (Islamic mizan).

Just Verdict

Approved rendering: adil
Transliteration: adil
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment

2 Thessalonians 1:5-6, the moral/legal rightness of God’s repayment of affliction to persecutors and relief to the persecuted. Distinct Indonesian word from ‘benar/kebenaran’ (righteousness of status/character). Consistency rule for this curriculum: ‘adil’ = just/fair, of a verdict or action; ‘kebenaran’ = righteous standing or truth. Must not be used interchangeably without explanation.

Vengeance

Approved rendering: pembalasan
Transliteration: pembalasan
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: menghukum (as a substitute noun)

2 Thessalonians 1:8. God’s own righteous retributive justice upon those who reject the gospel. Must be clearly framed as God’s own prerogative alone, exercised justly and only by him, never sanctioning personal revenge by believers.

Eternal Destruction

Approved rendering: kebinasaan yang kekal
Transliteration: kebinasaan yang kekal
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment

2 Thessalonians 1:9. Final, irreversible ruin excluded from the Lord’s presence. Ensure finality and permanence are conveyed without inviting a generic annihilationist or reincarnation-adjacent misreading. Distinct from, though comparably serious to, Islamic jahannam teaching; a brief note distinguishing this from any deeds-weighing framework is appropriate.

Endurance

Approved rendering: ketekunan
Transliteration: ketekunan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: kesabaran (unqualified)

2 Thessalonians 1:4. Must convey active, faith-fueled steadfastness under real hostility, not the passive, fatalistic sabar/tawakal-style submission-to-fate framing common in general Indonesian religious vocabulary. A brief note distinguishing active gospel-endurance from generic passive patience is required.

Tradition

Approved rendering: ajaran (yang diterima)
Transliteration: ajaran
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: tradisi

2 Thessalonians 2:15, 3:6. ‘Ajaran’ (established TB rendering, teaching/instruction) is preferred over ‘tradisi’ (custom), which more readily evokes inherited cultural/ritual custom in Indonesian usage. Must clarify this is the specific, closed, once-delivered apostolic gospel teaching consistent with and derived from Scripture, never an open, ongoing, supplementary body of authoritative oral tradition comparable to the Islamic Sunnah/Hadith.

Medium Risk Terms

Holy

Approved rendering: kudus
Transliteration: kudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: suci

Describes Christ at his coming among ‘his saints’ (1:10). Kudus is the established term for moral and relational holiness; suci leans toward ritual purity. Inherited from Romans package.

Saints

Approved rendering: orang-orang kudus
Transliteration: orang-orang kudus
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali

2 Thessalonians 1:10, ‘his saints,’ among whom Christ is glorified at his coming. Never wali (Islamic Sufi saints venerated at pilgrimage sites). Inherited from Romans package.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: pengudusan
Transliteration: pengudusan
Doctrine: Sanctification

2 Thessalonians 2:13, ‘sanctification of the Spirit,’ one of the twin means (with belief of the truth) by which God’s electing choice of believers is realized. Inherited from Romans package.

Peace

Approved rendering: damai sejahtera
Transliteration: damai sejahtera
Doctrine: Peace with God

Invoked in the greeting (1:2) and in the closing prayer naming Christ as ‘the Lord of peace himself’ (3:16). Inherited from Romans package.

Church

Approved rendering: jemaat
Transliteration: jemaat
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: gereja

The congregation in Thessalonica, addressed at 1:1 and 1:4. Inherited from Romans package.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: Kerajaan Allah
Transliteration: Kerajaan Allah
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission

2 Thessalonians 1:5, ‘worthy of the kingdom of God, for which you are also suffering.’ Distinguish from an earthly political kerajaan. Inherited from Romans package.

Law

Approved rendering: Hukum Taurat
Transliteration: Hukum Taurat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: syariat

Referenced only by contrast in this book: ‘lawlessness’ (anomia, 2:3, 2:7) is rebellion against God’s moral character as such, never against this specific Mosaic code, and must never be explained via syariat. Inherited from Romans package.

Glory

Approved rendering: kemuliaan
Transliteration: kemuliaan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ

God’s/Christ’s radiant honor and majesty, in which Christ is glorified in his saints at his coming (1:9, 1:12) and which believers will share (2:14). Inherited from Romans package.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: kuasa Allah
Transliteration: kuasa Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation

Implicitly contrasted with the counterfeit ‘power, signs, and wonders’ worked by Satan through the lawless one (2:9); context must keep the two uses of ‘kuasa’ distinct even though the same noun is used. Inherited from Romans package.

Election

Approved rendering: pemilihan
Transliteration: pemilihan
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: takdir

2 Thessalonians 2:13, God’s sovereign, personal choice of the Thessalonians for salvation, set in explicit contrast to those perishing because they refused the truth (2:10-12). Never takdir. Inherited from Romans package.

Mission

Approved rendering: pekabaran Injil
Transliteration: pekabaran Injil
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: misi

Underlies the doctrine ‘Mission and Proclamation of the Word’ supported by 3:1’s request for the word of the Lord to spread rapidly. Never misi (colonial-era connotation). Inherited from Romans package.

Gathering Together

Approved rendering: pengumpulan (kita) kepada-Nya
Transliteration: pengumpulan kepada-Nya
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: perkumpulan

2 Thessalonians 2:1, believers’ being gathered to Christ at his coming. Never a generic ‘perkumpulan’ (club/association), which loses the eschatological gathering sense; distinct from ‘jemaat’ (church as ongoing congregation).

Mystery

Approved rendering: rahasia
Transliteration: rahasia
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: misteri

2 Thessalonians 2:7, ‘the mystery of lawlessness’ already at work. Standard biblical usage; distinguish from generic occult/esoteric ‘misteri,’ which carries horror-genre connotations in Indonesian usage.

Counterfeit Signs

Approved rendering: kuasa, tanda-tanda, mujizat (palsu)
Transliteration: mujizat palsu
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: mujizat (unqualified)

2 Thessalonians 2:9. ‘Mujizat’ alone in Indonesian usage implies a true, divine miracle; the qualifier ‘palsu’ (false/counterfeit) is essential to avoid implying God-authenticated wonders and must never be dropped.

Relief

Approved rendering: kelegaan
Transliteration: kelegaan
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment

2 Thessalonians 1:7. God’s promised relief for the persecuted, given together with believers at Christ’s coming; part of the same repay-in-kind logic as vengeance and eternal_destruction.

Deliver Rescue

Approved rendering: dilepaskan / diselamatkan (dari)
Transliteration: dilepaskan
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment

2 Thessalonians 3:2, Paul’s request for deliverance from wicked and evil people opposing the gospel — deliverance from human opponents, not a general rescue-from-fate concept.

Persecution

Approved rendering: penganiayaan
Transliteration: penganiayaan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution

2 Thessalonians 1:4. Pastorally significant given ongoing real experiences of persecution/discrimination reported among Indonesian Christian minority communities in some regions; render with dignity, without sensationalizing.

Affliction

Approved rendering: penderitaan
Transliteration: penderitaan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution

2 Thessalonians 1:4, 1:6. Pressing hardship and distress accompanying persecution.

Counted Worthy

Approved rendering: menganggap layak
Transliteration: menganggap layak
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution

2 Thessalonians 1:11. Paul’s prayer that God would count the Thessalonians worthy of their calling; connects directly to the baseline term ‘calling’ (panggilan). This is prayer for God’s enabling, not human merit accumulation.

Work Of Faith

Approved rendering: perbuatan iman
Transliteration: perbuatan iman
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution

2 Thessalonians 1:11. Every good work produced by, and flowing from, faith. Keep distinguished from the baseline’s ‘ketaatan iman’ (obedience of faith); both describe faith’s fruit, not faith’s basis, but are not identical phrases.

Eternal Comfort

Approved rendering: penghiburan yang kekal
Transliteration: penghiburan yang kekal
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions

2 Thessalonians 2:16. God’s abiding, permanent comfort given to believers, grounding their steadfastness.

Strengthen

Approved rendering: menguatkan / meneguhkan
Transliteration: menguatkan
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions

2 Thessalonians 2:17. Christ’s/God’s strengthening of believers’ hearts in every good work and word; connects directly to Standing Firm in the Traditions.

Disorderly

Approved rendering: (hidup) dengan tidak tertib
Transliteration: tidak tertib
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: dengan malas-malasan (narrowed to laziness only)

2 Thessalonians 3:6, 3:7, 3:11. Keep rendering consistent across all occurrences; this is the central practical-discipline term of chapter 3 and must retain the broader ‘out of formation’ sense (idleness, meddling, refusal to work), not narrow to laziness alone.

Command Instruct

Approved rendering: memerintahkan
Transliteration: memerintahkan
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: menyarankan

2 Thessalonians 3:4, 3:6, 3:10, 3:12. Carries real binding apostolic authority weight; never softened into a mere suggestion.

Admonish

Approved rendering: menegur / menasihati (dengan tegas)
Transliteration: menegur
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions

2 Thessalonians 3:15. Firm, corrective address to a disorderly member, treated as family correction rather than expulsion or hostility. Distinguish from ‘menasihati’ alone (used for parakaleō, exhort/encourage).

Ashamed

Approved rendering: menjadi malu
Transliteration: menjadi malu
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions

2 Thessalonians 3:14. Shame as the intended corrective, restorative effect of church discipline. Honor/shame dynamic — flagged per baseline escalation rules for native speaker review.

Busybody

Approved rendering: mencampuri urusan orang lain (yang tidak berguna)
Transliteration: mencampuri urusan orang lain
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions

2 Thessalonians 3:11. Intrusive meddling in others’ affairs, the specific disorderly conduct in view — idleness expressed as meddling rather than productive work.

Faithful Character

Approved rendering: setia
Transliteration: setia
Doctrine: Faith

2 Thessalonians 3:3. The Lord’s reliable, trustworthy character. Distinguish clearly from ‘iman’ (the noun/act of believing); this describes reliable character/conduct.

Word Of The Lord

Approved rendering: firman Tuhan
Transliteration: firman Tuhan
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations

2 Thessalonians 3:1. The gospel message as proclaimed. Distinct sense from the Christological ‘Firman’ title used in the baseline’s Incarnation entry (‘Firman yang menjadi manusia’); here it means ‘the message/proclamation,’ not a title for Christ himself.

Sign Of Authenticity

Approved rendering: tanda (pengenal)
Transliteration: tanda pengenal
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord

2 Thessalonians 3:17. Paul’s own handwriting as an authenticating mark distinguishing a genuine letter from a forgery. Thematically links back to 2:2’s concern about a forged letter claiming Pauline authorship.

Lord Of Peace

Approved rendering: Tuhan damai sejahtera itu sendiri
Transliteration: Tuhan damai sejahtera itu sendiri
Doctrine: Peace with God

2 Thessalonians 3:16. Christ himself, personally, as the source of the peace prayed for; must retain ‘Tuhan’ plus the emphatic ‘himself’ so the peace flows from God’s own person, not an abstract blessing.

Obedience

Approved rendering: taat
Transliteration: taat
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment

2 Thessalonians 1:8 (heeding the gospel, basis for judgment) and 3:14 (heeding Paul’s written apostolic instruction, basis for church order). Keep the two senses distinguishable in teaching notes though the same Indonesian verb is used.

Low Risk Terms

Exhort

Approved rendering: menasihati
Transliteration: menasihati
Doctrine: Mutual Edification

2 Thessalonians 3:12, encouragement/comfort tone alongside apostolic command. Distinguish from the firmer noutheteō (‘admonish’) used for corrective address of disorderly members. Inherited from Romans package.

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: ucapan syukur
Transliteration: ucapan syukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving

2 Thessalonians 1:3, 2:13, Paul’s grateful, obligatory acknowledgment of God’s work in the Thessalonians. Inherited from Romans package.

Good Hope

Approved rendering: pengharapan yang baik
Transliteration: pengharapan yang baik
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions

2 Thessalonians 2:16. Assured future hope, well-grounded in God’s character and promise, grounding present endurance; not wishful uncertainty.

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