Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Timothy (English → Indonesian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering all six chapters of 1 Timothy. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and their recorded Indonesian rendering is repeated here unchanged, per the hard rule that established renderings must be reused exactly. New terms introduced by 1 Timothy are assigned a risk tier following the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Without Change
| Term (EN) | Indonesian Rendering | Risk (baseline) | 1 Timothy Occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Allah | Critical | 1:1,2,17; 2:3,5; 3:15,16; 4:10; 6:15-16 | Reuse exactly; see new entry “the only God / Allah yang esa” below for an added risk layer specific to 1:17 |
| Jesus | Yesus | Critical | throughout | Never Nabi Isa |
| Christ | Kristus | Critical | throughout | Per established transliteration standard (Christ = Kristus); distinct from the title Mesias used for the OT-fulfillment sense |
| Lord | Tuhan | Critical | 1:2,12,14; 6:3,14-15 | See new entry “King of kings and Lord of lords” for added risk layer at 6:15 |
| Holy Spirit | Roh Kudus | Critical | 3:16; 4:1 | Reuse exactly |
| Father | Bapa | Critical | 1:2 | Reuse exactly |
| Apostle | rasul | Critical | 1:1; 2:7 | Reuse exactly; carries mandatory distinguishing note re: Islamic closed prophetic line |
| Gospel | Injil | High | 1:11 | Reuse exactly |
| Grace | anugerah | High | 1:2,14; 6:21 | Reuse exactly; never pahala or rahmat |
| Faith | iman | High | throughout | Reuse exactly |
| Righteousness | kebenaran | High | 6:11 | Reuse exactly; see new entry “pillar and foundation of truth” for compounded ambiguity risk |
| Salvation | keselamatan | Critical | 1:15 (implicit); 2:4 | Reuse exactly |
| Justification | pembenaran | Critical | 3:16 (applied to Christ — see new sub-entry) | Reuse exactly; new sub-sense flagged below |
| Sin | dosa | Medium | 1:9,15; 5:20,22,24 | Reuse exactly |
| Law | Hukum Taurat | Medium | 1:7-9 | Reuse exactly; never syariat |
| Church | jemaat | Medium | 3:5,15 | Reuse exactly |
| Gentiles | bangsa-bangsa lain | Medium | 2:7; 3:16 | Reuse exactly; never orang kafir |
| Glory | kemuliaan | Medium | 1:11,17; 3:16 | Reuse exactly |
| Mission | pekabaran Injil | Medium | thematic (2:7; 4:6ff.) | Reuse exactly; never misi |
| Called/Calling | yang dipanggil / panggilan | Medium | thematic (1:1 apostolic calling parallel) | Reuse exactly |
| Sanctification/Holy | pengudusan / kudus | High/Medium | 2:8; 4:5 | Reuse exactly; never suci for moral holiness |
| Election | pemilihan | Medium | not directly used | Retained for consistency across curricula; never takdir |
| Intercession | doa syafaat | Critical | 2:1 | Reuse exactly; mandatory distinguishing note every occurrence |
Section B — New Terms Introduced in 1 Timothy
Critical Risk (Mandatory Human Theologian Review Every Occurrence)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Indonesian Rendering | Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Grounded Risk Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mediator | μεσίτης / mesitēs | Pengantara | 2:5 | — | Islamic tawhid theology holds that access to Allah requires no mediator and treats the idea of a needed intermediary as compromising Allah’s sole sovereignty; must also be distinguished from Islamic shafa’a-style intercession (cf. doa syafaat) since Christ’s mediatorship is an ontological office (fully God, fully man), not a future appeal for mercy |
| Ransom | ἀντίλυτρον / antilytron | tebusan | 2:6 | — | Substitutionary ransom atonement has no counterpart in Islamic theology, which denies the crucifixion occurred (Quran 4:157) and holds no doctrine of a required, paid sin-penalty |
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Juruselamat | 2:3; 4:10 | ”penyelamat” (generic rescuer) | Parallels the baseline’s Critical salvation entry but as a personal title; risk of dilution into a generic honorific unless anchored to the specific, exclusive soteriological claim |
| Husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα / mias gynaikos andra | suami dari satu istri / setia kepada satu istri | 3:2; 3:12 | — | Direct collision with Indonesian marriage law and cultural/religious practice permitting polygyny (rooted in Islamic law’s allowance of up to four wives); a live, practically significant leadership boundary requiring explicit teaching, not incidental translation |
| Saved through childbearing | σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας / sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias | diselamatkan melalui…melahirkan anak (with mandatory qualifying note) | 2:15 | any rendering implying childbearing itself secures salvation | Risk of severe doctrinal distortion: appears to teach a works/biology-based means of salvation, contradicting the letter’s and the whole NT’s faith-alone soteriology |
| Depart from the faith (apostasy) | ἀποστήσονταί τινες τῆς πίστεως / apostēsontai tines tēs pisteōs | meninggalkan iman | 4:1 | ”murtad” — explicitly rejected | Murtad is the specific, legally and socially loaded Indonesian/Islamic term for apostasy from Islam, carrying serious real-world consequences (family disownment, social/legal sanction) entirely outside Paul’s meaning of doctrinal drift within the church |
| Guard the deposit | παραθήκη / parathēkē | apa yang telah dipercayakan kepadamu (descriptive phrase) | 6:20 | ”amanat / amanah” — explicitly rejected | Amanat/amanah is the specific, named Islamic theological category of the primordial trust accepted from Allah (Quran 33:72); using it would import Quranic doctrinal freight onto Paul’s specific sense of a defined, transmissible body of apostolic teaching |
| Mystery of godliness (compound) | τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον / to tēs eusebeias mystērion | rahasia ibadah kita (with note) | 3:16 | — | Combines the High-risk mystery term with the High-risk godliness term at the letter’s Christological climax; the Christ-hymn content (manifest in flesh, justified in Spirit) reuses the baseline’s Critical Incarnation/Sonship risk grounding |
High Risk (Mandatory Human Theologian Review)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Indonesian Rendering | Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Grounded Risk Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overseer / Bishop | ἐπίσκοπος / episkopos | penilik jemaat | 3:1-2 | ”uskup” (Catholic diocesan bishop) | Establishes the formal Church-Leadership office; risk of importing hierarchical clerical connotations or being confused with Islamic community-leader titles (imam, ustadz) implying a different authority structure |
| Deacon | διάκονος / diakonos | diaken | 3:8-13 | generic “pelayan” for the formal office | New, second church office parallel to overseer; must not collapse into the generic sense of “servant” used elsewhere in the same letter (e.g., 4:6) |
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια / eusebeia | kesalehan | 3:16; 4:7,8; 6:3,5,6,11 | — | Heavily used in Indonesian Islamic piety-discourse (amal saleh = merit-generating righteous deeds); risk of importing a deeds-merit framework into a term meant to describe Spirit-produced, grace-flowing reverent life |
| Sound doctrine / different doctrine | ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ / ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖν | ajaran yang sehat / mengajarkan ajaran yang berbeda | 1:3,10; 4:6; 6:3 | ”ajaran sesat” — use only with strong qualification, not as default | Sesat is Indonesia’s specific administrative/legal term for officially designated “deviant sects” (aliran sesat); unreflective use risks invoking that entire state-religious-authority apparatus for intra-Pauline doctrinal correction |
| Mystery (of the faith) | μυστήριον / mystērion | rahasia | 3:9; 3:16 | — | Risk of conflation with Javanese/Sufi kebatinan esoteric-knowledge traditions; must be taught as truth now openly revealed, not privileged secret knowledge |
| Mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | belas kasihan | 1:13,16 | ”rahmat” — explicitly rejected | Rahmat is a named divine-attribute term in Islam describing Allah’s general dispositional compassion independent of Christ’s atoning work; using it would collapse Paul’s specifically Christ-secured mercy into generic Islamic divine compassion |
| The only God | μόνῳ θεῷ / monō theō | Allah yang esa | 1:17 | — | Closely echoes Pancasila’s “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa,” widely read through an Islamic tawhid lens of strict numerical oneness; risks readers concluding Paul teaches strict unitarian monotheism incompatible with the letter’s Trinitarian language |
| Pillar and foundation of the truth | στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας | tiang penopang dan dasar kebenaran | 3:15 | — | Compounds the pre-existing kebenaran truth/righteousness ambiguity with the risk of the church’s truth-bearing role being read as paralleling the Islamic umma’s role as guardian of revealed scripture |
| Justified/vindicated in the Spirit (Christ’s own) | ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι | dibenarkan oleh Roh | 3:16 | — | A distinct sense of dikaioō applied to Christ’s own vindication, not the sinner’s justification; requires a note to prevent confusion with the believer’s pembenaran |
| Women’s silence/submission in worship | ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ…ἐν πάσῃ ὑποταγῇ | dengan tenang…dengan sikap tunduk yang penuh | 2:11-12 | — | Live point of negotiation between egalitarian/complementarian Indonesian church traditions; sits near, without being identical to, Islamic worship gender-ordering norms; requires dignity-preserving framing |
| Universal salvific will | πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλει σωθῆναι | menghendaki semua orang diselamatkan | 2:4 | — | Risk of reading as full universalism or as a generic universal invitation (parallel to Islamic da’wah) unless kept tied to the following exclusive-Mediator, exclusive-ransom claims (2:5-6) |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | Βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ Κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων | Raja segala raja dan Tuan di atas segala tuan | 6:15-16 | — | Referent ambiguity (Father vs. Christ) requires deliberate theological resolution; surrounding transcendence language overlaps closely with Islamic tanzih affirmations, requiring a note distinguishing common ground from the letter’s Trinitarian/Christological content |
| Godliness with contentment | εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας | ibadah yang disertai rasa cukup | 6:6 | — | Compounds the High-risk godliness term with autarkeia; must avoid both Stoic self-sufficient detachment and fatalistic takdir-adjacent resignation readings |
Medium Risk (Native Speaker Review Recommended)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Indonesian Rendering | Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elder (office vs. age sense) | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | penatua (office) / orang yang lebih tua (age) | 5:1-2, 17, 19 | Two senses of one Greek word within a single chapter; must not be conflated |
| Household of God | οἴκῳ θεοῦ / oikō theou | keluarga Allah | 3:15 | Avoid “rumah Allah” (risk of literal-building misreading) |
| Widows indeed | χήρα ὄντως / chēra ontōs | janda yang benar-benar sendirian / janda sejati | 5:3,5,16 | Needs explicit qualifying-criteria explanation |
| Council of elders | πρεσβυτέριον / presbyterion | dewan penatua | 4:14 | New polity term |
| Laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν / epithesis tōn cheirōn | penumpangan tangan | 4:14; 5:22 | Distinguish from other hand-laying rituals in Indonesian religious culture |
| Enrolled (widow registry) | καταλέγω / katalegō | didaftarkan | 5:9 | Distinct from the deacon office |
| Double honor | διπλῆς τιμῆς / diplēs timēs | penghormatan yang berlipat ganda | 5:17 | Ties to Care for the Household of Faith doctrine |
| Keep yourself pure | ἁγνὸν τήρει / hagnon tērei | jagalah dirimu supaya murni | 5:22 | Moral, not ritual, purity — parallel to kudus/suci distinction |
| Devil / slanderer (adjectival vs. proper noun) | διάβολος / diabolos | Iblis (proper noun) / pemfitnah (adjective, “slanderous”) | 3:6-7, 11 | Shared vocabulary with Islamic Iblis narrative; false-friend risk between the two senses within the same chapter |
| Bondservant (socio-economic) | δοῦλος / doulos | hamba | 6:1-2 | Distinguish from devotional “hamba Allah” usage |
| Eternal life (present possession) | ζωὴ αἰώνιος / zōē aiōnios | hidup yang kekal | 6:12,19 | Distinguish from Islamic akhirat deeds-weighed future-reward framework |
| Rank / good standing | βαθμός / bathmos | kedudukan yang baik | 3:13 | Avoid Sufi maqamat spiritual-rank resonance |
| Boldness/confidence | παρρησία / parrēsia | keberanian | 3:13 | Distinguish from generic courage; grounded in right standing through Christ |
| Good confession | καλὴ ὁμολογία / kalē homologia | pengakuan yang benar/baik | 6:12-13 | Public declaration paralleling Christ’s own witness |
| Love of money (root of evils) | φιλαργυρία / philargyria | cinta uang | 6:10 | Lower cross-religious collision risk; shared ethical ground |
| Overseer’s good testimony (honor/shame) | μαρτυρία καλή / martyria kalē | kesaksian yang baik | 3:7 | Honor/shame dynamics; native-speaker review per system-prompt guidance |
| Household management | προΐστημι / proistēmi | mengurus/memimpin | 3:4-5,12; 5:17 | Keep consistent across household and elder-office uses to preserve the deliberate analogy |
Low Risk (Automated Review Sufficient)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Indonesian Rendering | Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faithful saying | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | Perkataan ini benar | 1:15; 3:1; 4:9 | Keep formulaic across all occurrences |
| Blameless | ἀνεπίλημπτος / ἀνέγκλητος | tidak bercacat | 3:2,10 | — |
| Sober-minded | νηφάλιος | dapat menguasai diri | 3:2,11 | — |
| Self-controlled | σώφρων | bijaksana | 3:2 | — |
| Respectable | κόσμιος | sopan | 3:2 | — |
| Hospitable | φιλόξενος | suka memberi tumpangan | 3:2 | — |
| Apt to teach | διδακτικός | pandai mengajar | 3:2 | — |
| Not violent | πλήκτης | bukan pemarah | 3:3 | — |
| Gentle | ἐπιεικής | lembut hati | 3:3 | — |
| Peaceable | ἄμαχος | tidak suka bertengkar | 3:3 | — |
| Dignity/gravity | σεμνότης | kesungguhan | 3:4; 3:8 | — |
| New convert | νεόφυτος | orang yang baru bertobat | 3:6 | — |
| Double-tongued | δίλογος | bermuka dua | 3:8 | — |
| Greedy for dishonest gain | αἰσχροκερδής | serakah akan keuntungan yang tidak jujur | 3:8 | — |
| Faithful in all things | πιστός (of character) | dapat dipercaya dalam segala hal | 3:11 | — |
| Myths and genealogies | μύθοι καὶ γενεαλογίαι | dongeng dan silsilah | 1:4 | — |
| Good warfare / good fight | καλὴ στρατεία / καλὸς ἀγών | pertempuran/pertandingan yang baik | 1:18; 6:12 | Keep consistent between the two occurrences |
| Forbidding to marry | κωλύω γαμεῖν | melarang orang menikah | 4:3 | — |
| Knowledge falsely so called | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις | pengetahuan yang salah disebut ilmu | 6:20 | — |
Risk Summary (New Terms Introduced by 1 Timothy)
| Tier | Count |
|---|---|
| Critical | 8 |
| High | 13 |
| Medium | 17 |
| Low | 18 |
| Total new terms | 56 |
| Baseline terms reused unchanged | 21 |
All Critical and High tier new terms in this glossary require routing to human theologian review in Phase 2 Step 17, per the same review-routing logic as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json. This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json for 1 Timothy before any Phase 2 segment translation begins.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: Allah
Doctrine: The Only God and Trinitarian Monotheism
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. In 1 Timothy 1:17 this term anchors the doxological ‘Allah yang esa’ entry below, which requires an additional Trinitarian-clarifying note not present in the Romans baseline.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yesus
Transliteration: Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never Nabi Isa. Occurs throughout 1 Timothy in the compound title ‘Christ Jesus.‘
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Kristus
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from the baseline’s established transliteration standard (Christ = Kristus), made explicit as its own entry for this curriculum since 1 Timothy uses ‘Christ Jesus’ continually (1:1-2; 2:5; 3:16; 6:3,13-14). Distinct from Mesias, reserved for explicit OT-fulfillment contexts.
Lord
Approved rendering: Tuhan
Transliteration: Tuhan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. See also the new ‘king_of_kings’ entry below (6:15-16), where Tuhan-family vocabulary is extended into a doxological title with a genuinely ambiguous referent (Father or Christ) requiring theologian-reviewed resolution.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Kudus
Transliteration: Roh Kudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs at 3:16 (Christ’s vindication ‘in the Spirit’) and 4:1 (the Spirit’s explicit speech); must retain personal divine agency in both occurrences, never an impersonal-force reading.
Father
Approved rendering: Bapa
Transliteration: Bapa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs in the letter’s opening greeting (1:2).
Apostle
Approved rendering: rasul
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (already Critical risk in the baseline TM). 1 Timothy’s own emphasis on a closed, already-delivered apostolic deposit (6:20, ‘guard_the_deposit’) heightens the risk that Paul’s office be read through the lens of the Islamic doctrine of a closed prophetic line ending with Muhammad. Mandatory distinguishing note every occurrence (1:1; 2:7).
Salvation
Approved rendering: keselamatan
Transliteration: keselamatan
Doctrine: Universal Salvific Will of God
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs implicitly at 1:15 and explicitly at 2:4. Every Critical-risk occurrence needs explicit framing distinguishing this from Islamic soteriology’s deeds-and-mercy judgment framework, and 2:4 must never be taught detached from the exclusive Mediator/ransom claims of 2:5-6.
Justification
Approved rendering: pembenaran
Transliteration: pembenaran
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness (Christ-Hymn)
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. In 3:16 (‘justified/vindicated in the Spirit’), this root is applied to Christ’s own vindication, a distinct sense from the sinner’s justification central to Pauline soteriology in Romans; see the new ‘justified_in_spirit’ entry below for the required disambiguating note.
Intercession
Approved rendering: doa syafaat
Transliteration: doa syafaat
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: ἔντευξις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (already Critical). Occurs at 2:1 as one of four prayer-types Timothy is to instruct. Mandatory distinguishing note every occurrence: this is ordinary present-tense congregational prayer for others (including civil authorities of any religion, 2:2), categorically distinct from the Islamic doctrine of shafa’a (Muhammad’s future appeal for mercy at judgment) and from Christ’s own unique mediatorial office named five verses later (2:5, see ‘mediator’ below).
Mediator
Approved rendering: Pengantara
Transliteration: Pengantara
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: perantara, mediator (raw loan)
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Islamic tawhid theology holds that access to Allah requires no mediator and treats the idea of a needed intermediary as compromising Allah’s sole sovereignty. Must be distinguished both from lower-case ‘perantara’ (a generic secular go-between/broker, which would flatten Christ’s unique God-man office) and from doa syafaat-style petitionary intercession, since the Mediator here is an ontological office (fully God, fully man, 2:5), not a future appeal for mercy. Mandatory theologian-reviewed note every occurrence.
Ransom
Approved rendering: tebusan
Transliteration: tebusan
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: ἀντίλυτρον
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2:6). Substitutionary ransom atonement has no counterpart in Islamic theology, which denies the crucifixion occurred at all (Quran 4:157) and holds no doctrine of a required, paid sin-penalty. Tebusan is the closest existing Indonesian Bible word (used elsewhere for redemption imagery) but the underlying doctrine, not merely the word, is new content requiring a mandatory theologian-reviewed note every occurrence.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: Juruselamat
Transliteration: Juruselamat
Doctrine: Universal Salvific Will of God
Rejected alternatives: penyelamat
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2:3; 4:10). Parallels the baseline’s Critical salvation entry but as an applied personal title; risk of dilution into a generic honorific unless anchored to the letter’s specific, exclusive soteriological claim tied to the one Mediator and ransom (2:5-6). Never ‘penyelamat’ (generic rescuer).
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: suami dari satu istri
Transliteration: suami dari satu istri
Doctrine: Marriage and Family Order for Church Leaders
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:2; 3:12). Direct collision with Indonesian marriage law (UU No. 1/1974) and cultural/religious practice permitting polygyny, rooted in Islamic law’s allowance of up to four wives, for a significant portion of the population. A live, practically significant, binding leadership requirement, not an incidental cultural ideal. Mandatory theologian-reviewed teaching note every occurrence.
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: diselamatkan melalui…melahirkan anak
Transliteration: diselamatkan melalui…melahirkan anak
Doctrine: Gender Order in Public Worship
Rejected alternatives: any rendering implying childbearing itself secures salvation
Original: σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2:15). A notoriously difficult clause; best read as women being kept safe within the ordinary course of faithful domestic life, or as reference to the childbearing that brought the Messiah, never as a means of personal salvation. Highest pure-distortion risk in the letter. Mandatory theologian-reviewed qualifying note every occurrence anchoring salvation to faith in Christ alone (iman, keselamatan).
Depart From The Faith
Approved rendering: meninggalkan iman
Transliteration: meninggalkan iman
Doctrine: Apostasy and Departure from the Faith
Rejected alternatives: murtad
Original: ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW TERM (4:1). Murtad is the specific, legally and socially loaded Indonesian/Islamic term for apostasy from Islam, carrying serious real-world consequences (family disownment, social/legal sanction) entirely outside Paul’s meaning of doctrinal drift within the church. Murtad is explicitly rejected; use the descriptive phrase, consistent with existing Indonesian Bible translation practice (TB, BIS).
Guard The Deposit
Approved rendering: apa yang telah dipercayakan kepadamu
Transliteration: apa yang telah dipercayakan kepadamu
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: amanat, amanah, warisan
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW TERM (6:20). Amanat/amanah is the specific, named Islamic theological category of the primordial trust accepted from Allah before creation (Quran 33:72); using it would import Quranic doctrinal freight onto Paul’s specific sense of a defined, transmissible body of apostolic teaching entrusted to Timothy. Explicitly rejected; use the descriptive phrase, paralleling the baseline’s Incarnation precedent (descriptive phrase over loaded loanword).
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: besarlah rahasia ibadah kita
Transliteration: besarlah rahasia ibadah kita
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness (Christ-Hymn)
Original: τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον
Category: Christology
NEW TERM (3:16). Combines the High-risk ‘mystery’ term with the High-risk ‘godliness’ term at the letter’s Christological climax; the hymn’s content (manifest in flesh, justified in Spirit, received up in glory) reuses the baseline’s Critical Incarnation/Sonship risk grounding. Requires theologian review as the interpretive key to the whole hymn. Retain TB’s established textual-critical rendering (following ho/hos, not theos) per the translation landscape survey.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar baik
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs at 1:11, entrusted specifically to Paul.
Grace
Approved rendering: anugerah
Transliteration: anugerah
Doctrine: Mercy and Grace in Paul’s Testimony
Rejected alternatives: rahmat, pahala
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs at 1:2,14; 6:21. Must be kept sharply distinguished from the new ‘mercy’ entry below (belas kasihan), which addresses a different Greek term (eleos) with an equally sharp Islamic-vocabulary collision (rahmat).
Faith
Approved rendering: iman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. 1 Timothy repeatedly speaks of ‘the faith’ as a body of content to be guarded (1:19; 4:1; 6:20-21), not merely personal trust; anchor to Christ specifically in every occurrence.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kebenaran
Transliteration: kebenaran
Doctrine: Godliness and Spiritual Training
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs at 6:11. Must be kept distinguished from the ‘truth’ sense of the same word used in the new ‘pillar_and_foundation_of_truth’ entry below (3:15), since both senses occur within the same letter.
Holy
Approved rendering: kudus
Transliteration: kudus
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: suci
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs at 2:8 (holy hands lifted in prayer) and 4:5 (food sanctified through word and prayer). Never suci (ritual purity).
Overseer
Approved rendering: penilik jemaat
Transliteration: penilik jemaat
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Rejected alternatives: uskup, imam, ustadz
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:1-2). Must not be rendered with a hierarchical diocesan ‘bishop’ term (uskup) foreign to Paul’s local-congregation office, nor with Islamic community-leader titles (imam, ustadz) implying a different authority structure. Confirmed against the Catholic KSKK’s competing rendering ‘uskup’ in the translation landscape survey.
Deacon
Approved rendering: diaken
Transliteration: diaken
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Rejected alternatives: pelayan (for the formal office)
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:8-13). Diakonos elsewhere functions as a generic word for ‘servant/minister’ (e.g., 4:6); the formal office must be rendered consistently as diaken while reserving pelayan for the generic sense, to avoid collapsing a recognized church office into vague, undefined service language. Already an established Indonesian Christian loanword; retained rather than paraphrased.
Godliness
Approved rendering: kesalehan
Transliteration: kesalehan
Doctrine: Godliness and Spiritual Training
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Godliness
NEW TERM (3:16; 4:7-8; 6:3,5,6,11). Kesalehan/saleh is heavily used in Indonesian Islamic piety-discourse, where amal saleh (righteous deeds) is understood as merit credited toward final judgment. Requires a standing teaching note at every major occurrence anchoring godliness to grace already received (1:2,14), not merit accumulation. Standardized across all occurrences per the translation landscape survey, including 6:6 where some TB editions still print the older ‘ibadah.‘
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: ajaran yang sehat
Transliteration: ajaran yang sehat
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ajaran sesat (rejected as default)
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW TERM (1:10; 4:6; 6:3). Must be kept sharply distinguished from the loaded shorthand ‘ajaran sesat,’ Indonesia’s specific administrative/legal category for officially designated deviant sects (aliran sesat, e.g., used against Ahmadiyah), which carries real legal and social consequences and must not be the default translation for intra-Pauline doctrinal correction.
Different Doctrine
Approved rendering: mengajarkan ajaran yang berbeda
Transliteration: mengajarkan ajaran yang berbeda
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ajaran sesat
Original: ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW TERM (1:3). Avoid unreflective use of ‘ajaran sesat’; use the descriptive phrase to keep the correction internal to the church’s own doctrinal standard rather than invoking the state religious-affairs enforcement apparatus.
Mystery Of The Faith
Approved rendering: rahasia iman
Transliteration: rahasia iman
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Faith
NEW TERM (3:9). Rahasia carries strong connotations of esoteric, privileged spiritual knowledge in Javanese and Sufi-influenced kebatinan traditions; must be taught as truth now openly revealed to all believers, not secret gnosis reserved for a spiritual elite.
Mercy
Approved rendering: belas kasihan
Transliteration: belas kasihan
Doctrine: Mercy and Grace in Paul’s Testimony
Rejected alternatives: rahmat
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (1:13,16). Rahmat is a named divine-attribute term in Islam (Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim) describing Allah’s general, dispositional compassion independent of any Christological ground. Using rahmat would collapse Paul’s specifically Christ-secured mercy into generic Islamic divine compassion. Rahmat is explicitly rejected.
The Only God
Approved rendering: Allah yang esa
Transliteration: Allah yang esa
Doctrine: The Only God and Trinitarian Monotheism
Original: μόνος θεός
Category: God
NEW TERM (1:17). ‘Allah yang Maha Esa’ closely echoes Pancasila’s first principle, widely read through an Islamic tawhid lens of strict numerical, undifferentiated oneness. Without a clarifying note, readers may conclude Paul teaches strict unitarian monotheism incompatible with the letter’s own Trinitarian and Christological language elsewhere (Father, Son, Spirit).
Pillar And Foundation Of Truth
Approved rendering: tiang penopang dan dasar kebenaran
Transliteration: tiang penopang dan dasar kebenaran
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Church
NEW TERM (3:15). Compounds the pre-existing kebenaran (truth/righteousness) ambiguity with the risk that the church’s truth-bearing role be read as paralleling the Islamic umma’s role as guardian of revealed scripture; the church’s role here is to uphold Christ-centered apostolic truth, not to replace or mirror a scripture-guarding prophetic community. Requires a disambiguating gloss on first occurrence specifying the ‘truth’ (not ‘righteousness’) sense of kebenaran.
Justified In Spirit
Approved rendering: dibenarkan oleh Roh
Transliteration: dibenarkan oleh Roh
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness (Christ-Hymn)
Original: ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι
Category: Christology
NEW TERM (3:16). A distinct sense of dikaioo applied to Christ’s own vindication by the Spirit (e.g., at the resurrection), not the sinner’s justification; requires a note preventing confusion with pembenaran as applied to believers elsewhere in this curriculum family (cf. Romans).
Women In Worship
Approved rendering: dengan tenang…dengan sikap tunduk yang penuh
Transliteration: dengan tenang…dengan sikap tunduk yang penuh
Doctrine: Gender Order in Public Worship
Original: ἐν ἡσυχί�ᾳ…ἐν πάσῃ ὑποταγῇ
Category: Church
NEW TERM (2:11-12). A live point of negotiation between egalitarian and complementarian Indonesian church traditions; sits near, without being identical to, gender-ordering norms in Indonesian Islamic worship practice. Requires dignity-preserving framing that neither implies harsh hierarchy nor imports foreign seclusion practices.
Universal Salvific Will
Approved rendering: menghendaki semua orang diselamatkan
Transliteration: menghendaki semua orang diselamatkan
Doctrine: Universal Salvific Will of God
Original: πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλει σωθῆναι
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2:4). In isolation risks being read either as full universalism or as a generic universal religious invitation compatible with Islamic da’wah framing; must never be separated in teaching materials from the immediately following exclusive-Mediator, exclusive-ransom claims (2:5-6).
King Of Kings
Approved rendering: Raja segala raja dan Tuan di atas segala tuan
Transliteration: Raja segala raja dan Tuan di atas segala tuan
Doctrine: Sovereignty and Transcendence of God
Original: Βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ Κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων
Category: God
NEW TERM (6:15-16). The grammatical referent (Father or Christ) is genuinely ambiguous and requires deliberate, theologian-reviewed interpretive resolution favoring continuity with 6:13-14 while noting this title is elsewhere applied directly to Christ (Revelation 17:14; 19:16). Surrounding transcendence language (‘who alone has immortality…whom no one has seen’) closely overlaps with Islamic tanzih affirmations, requiring a note distinguishing common ground from the letter’s Trinitarian/Christological content.
Godliness With Contentment
Approved rendering: kesalehan yang disertai rasa cukup
Transliteration: kesalehan yang disertai rasa cukup
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: ibadah yang disertai rasa cukup (older TB-edition wording, superseded for glossary consistency)
Original: εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας
Category: Godliness
NEW TERM (6:6). Compounds the High-risk ‘godliness’ term with the risk that contentment be read as Stoic self-sufficient detachment or fatalistic, takdir-adjacent resignation; must be taught as Spirit-given, actively grateful sufficiency rooted in trust in God’s provision. Standardized on ‘kesalehan’ (not the older TB-edition ‘ibadah’) for consistency with 3:16 and 4:7-8; log as a deliberate glossary-consistency deviation from some TB print editions.
Medium Risk Terms
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs at 1:9,15 (Paul’s own testimony) and 5:20,22,24 (elder accountability).
Law
Approved rendering: Hukum Taurat
Transliteration: Hukum Taurat
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: syariat
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs at 1:7-9, where false teachers misapply the Mosaic Law; never syariat.
Church
Approved rendering: jemaat
Transliteration: jemaat
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: gereja
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs at 3:5,15. See the new ‘church_of_the_living_god’ usage folded into ‘pillar_and_foundation_of_truth’ below.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: bangsa-bangsa lain
Transliteration: bangsa-bangsa lain
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: orang kafir
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs at 2:7 (Paul’s commission) and 3:16 (proclaimed among the nations).
Glory
Approved rendering: kemuliaan
Transliteration: kemuliaan
Doctrine: Sovereignty and Transcendence of God
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Occurs at 1:11,17 and closes the Christ-hymn at 3:16 (received up in glory).
Mission
Approved rendering: pekabaran Injil
Transliteration: pekabaran Injil
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: misi
Original: ἀποστολή / κήρυξ
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Frames Paul’s role as preacher, apostle, and teacher of the Gentiles (2:7).
Called
Approved rendering: yang dipanggil
Transliteration: yang dipanggil
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Relevant to Paul’s own apostolic appointment (1:1) and Timothy’s ministry commissioning (1:18).
Calling
Approved rendering: panggilan
Transliteration: panggilan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Never takdir (impersonal fate/destiny).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pengudusan
Transliteration: pengudusan
Doctrine: Godliness and Spiritual Training
Original: ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Applied in 4:5 to ordinary food received through the word of God and prayer.
Election
Approved rendering: pemilihan
Transliteration: pemilihan
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: takdir
Original: ἐκλεκτός (cf. ἐκλογή)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-curriculum vocabulary consistency though not a dominant term in 1 Timothy. Never takdir.
Elder Office
Approved rendering: penatua
Transliteration: penatua
Doctrine: The Elder Office and Double Honor
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (5:17,19). Must not be conflated with the generic age-sense of the same Greek word (presbyteros) used at 5:1-2; using penatua for both would blur the Qualifications for Church Leadership doctrine’s distinct office. Follow TB’s disambiguated pattern, not BIS’s occasional collapsed pattern.
Elder Age
Approved rendering: orang yang lebih tua
Transliteration: orang yang lebih tua
Doctrine: The Elder Office and Double Honor
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (5:1-2). Generic age-reference, distinct from the formal office term penatua. Must be rendered distinctly to avoid conflating a generic age-reference with the formal Qualifications for Church Leadership office.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: keluarga Allah
Transliteration: keluarga Allah
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: rumah Allah
Original: οἴκος θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW TERM (3:15). Rumah Allah is the standard everyday Indonesian phrase for a physical house of worship (church building or mosque); using it here risks a literal-building misreading. Keluarga Allah better preserves Paul’s relational, familial meaning.
Widows Indeed
Approved rendering: janda yang benar-benar sendirian
Transliteration: janda yang benar-benar sendirian
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Rejected alternatives: janda sejati
Original: χήρα ὄντως
Category: Church
NEW TERM (5:3,5,16). Needs explicit doctrinal explanation of the qualifying criteria (age, reputation, lack of family support) so it is not read as a blanket obligation toward every widow regardless of circumstance, nor as directly equivalent to zakat-style religious almsgiving eligibility categories.
Council Of Elders
Approved rendering: dewan penatua
Transliteration: dewan penatua
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Ordination
Original: πρεσβυτέριον
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (4:14). Names the corporate, plural nature of church oversight — never a solitary authority; related to the elder office developed further in chapter 5.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: penumpangan tangan
Transliteration: penumpangan tangan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Ordination
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (4:14; 5:22). Should be noted as distinct in meaning and effect from other hand-laying or blessing rituals present in Indonesian religious culture; present this as commissioning for a specific local ministry task, not evidence for a particular modern institutional succession claim.
Enrolled
Approved rendering: didaftarkan
Transliteration: didaftarkan
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: καταλέγω
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (5:9). Names an early-church institutional structure of formal registration into a recognized order of widows receiving church support; should not be conflated with the separate office of deacon.
Double Honor
Approved rendering: penghormatan yang berlipat ganda
Transliteration: penghormatan yang berlipat ganda
Doctrine: The Elder Office and Double Honor
Original: διπλῆ τιμή
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (5:17). Ties material provision to recognition of faithful ministry, relevant to the Care for the Household of Faith doctrine.
Keep Yourself Pure
Approved rendering: jagalah dirimu supaya murni
Transliteration: jagalah dirimu supaya murni
Doctrine: The Elder Office and Double Honor
Original: σεαυτὸν ἁγνὸν τήρει
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM (5:22). Murni must be anchored to moral/relational purity, not ritual cleanliness, paralleling the baseline’s kudus vs. suci distinction.
Devil
Approved rendering: Iblis
Transliteration: Iblis
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Church Discipline
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW TERM (proper noun sense: 1:20; 3:6-7). Iblis is shared vocabulary with Islam, where it is the specific proper name of the fallen jinn/angel who refused to bow to Adam; the referent (a personal, malevolent spiritual adversary) is broadly compatible, but a brief distinguishing note is recommended. Must not be used for the adjectival ‘slanderous’ sense at 3:11 (diabolous) — see ‘slanderous’ entry below, a real false-friend risk within the same chapter.
Slanderous
Approved rendering: pemfitnah
Transliteration: pemfitnah
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: Iblis (rejected for this adjectival sense)
NEW TERM (3:11). Adjectival use of the same Greek root as ‘devil’ (diabolos), describing character (‘slanderous,’ not ‘devilish/possessed’). Must never be rendered with the proper noun Iblis, which is reserved for the personal adversary named at 1:20; 3:6-7.
Bondservant
Approved rendering: hamba
Transliteration: hamba
Doctrine: Bondservants and Social Ethics
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM (6:1-2). Hamba is also used in the common Indonesian devotional phrase ‘hamba Allah’ (servant of God, echoing the Arabic ‘abd Allah), used across both Christian and Islamic contexts. Context must clearly distinguish the socio-economic sense here from the devotional sense used elsewhere.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: hidup yang kekal
Transliteration: hidup yang kekal
Doctrine: Eternal Life and the Good Confession
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM (6:12,19). Must be distinguished from the Islamic akhirat framework, where the afterlife is a future reward determined by the weighing of deeds against God’s mercy at judgment; here it is a present, faith-secured possession being actively pursued.
Good Standing
Approved rendering: kedudukan yang baik
Transliteration: kedudukan yang baik
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Original: βαθμός
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:13). Must not be read through the lens of Sufi spiritual-rank concepts (maqamat, tiered stations of spiritual attainment) prevalent in Indonesian folk-Islamic mysticism; this is standing earned through faithful service, not progress up a mystical ladder.
Boldness
Approved rendering: keberanian
Transliteration: keberanian
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Original: παρρησία
Category: Faith
NEW TERM (3:13). Distinguish from generic courage; this is confidence grounded in right standing through Christ, echoing the Assurance of Salvation doctrine established in the baseline Romans curriculum.
Good Confession
Approved rendering: pengakuan yang benar
Transliteration: pengakuan yang benar
Doctrine: Eternal Life and the Good Confession
Original: ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία
Category: Faith
NEW TERM (6:12-13). Links Timothy’s public confession of faith to Christ’s own witness before earthly authority (Pilate).
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: cinta uang
Transliteration: cinta uang
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: φιλαργυρία
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM (6:10). Broadly shared ethical ground with Islamic teaching on greed; lower cross-religious collision risk than most terms in this glossary. The object of critique is love of money, never money or riches as such (cf. 6:17-19) — recommended clarifying note against ascetic-leaning misreadings.
Good Testimony
Approved rendering: kesaksian yang baik
Transliteration: kesaksian yang baik
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: μαρτυρία καλή
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:7). Honor/shame dynamics apply; the leader’s credibility must extend beyond the congregation itself for the gospel’s sake — flagged per system-prompt guidance for native-speaker review of honor/shame passages.
Household Management
Approved rendering: mengurus/memimpin
Transliteration: mengurus/memimpin
Doctrine: Marriage and Family Order for Church Leaders
Original: προΐστημι
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:4-5,12; 5:17). Must be kept consistent across household and elder-office uses to preserve the letter’s deliberate household-church analogy.
Low Risk Terms
Faithful Saying
Approved rendering: Perkataan ini benar
Transliteration: Perkataan ini benar
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Faith
NEW TERM (1:15; 3:1; 4:9). Keep formulaic and identical across all occurrences in the letter.
Blameless
Approved rendering: tidak bercacat
Transliteration: tidak bercacat
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: ἀνεπίλημπτος / ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:2,10). Standard qualification term with low doctrinal risk.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: dapat menguasai diri
Transliteration: dapat menguasai diri
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: νηφάλιος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:2,11). Standard qualification term.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: bijaksana
Transliteration: bijaksana
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: σώφρων
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:2). Standard qualification term.
Respectable
Approved rendering: sopan
Transliteration: sopan
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: κόσμιος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:2). Standard qualification term.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: suka memberi tumpangan
Transliteration: suka memberi tumpangan
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:2). Standard qualification term.
Apt To Teach
Approved rendering: pandai mengajar
Transliteration: pandai mengajar
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: διδακτικός
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:2). Ties to the Sound Doctrine doctrine.
Not Violent
Approved rendering: bukan pemarah
Transliteration: bukan pemarah
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: πλήκτης
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:3). Standard disqualifying-vice term.
Gentle
Approved rendering: lembut hati
Transliteration: lembut hati
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: ἐπιεικής
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:3). Positive leadership virtue.
Peaceable
Approved rendering: tidak suka bertengkar
Transliteration: tidak suka bertengkar
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: ἄμαχος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:3). Positive leadership virtue.
Dignity
Approved rendering: kesungguhan
Transliteration: kesungguhan
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: σεμνότης
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:4; 3:8). Household order marked by seriousness, not harshness.
New Convert
Approved rendering: orang yang baru bertobat
Transliteration: orang yang baru bertobat
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers
Original: νεόφυτος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:6). Standard qualification term.
Double Tongued
Approved rendering: bermuka dua
Transliteration: bermuka dua
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Original: δίλογος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:8). Integrity-of-speech requirement for deacons.
Greedy For Dishonest Gain
Approved rendering: serakah akan keuntungan yang tidak jujur
Transliteration: serakah akan keuntungan yang tidak jujur
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Original: αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:8). Financial-integrity requirement, especially relevant since deacons often handled charitable funds (cf. Acts 6).
Faithful In All Things
Approved rendering: dapat dipercaya dalam segala hal
Transliteration: dapat dipercaya dalam segala hal
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Original: πιστός
Category: Church Leadership
NEW TERM (3:11). Reuses the pistis-root vocabulary applied to trustworthy character.
Myths And Genealogies
Approved rendering: dongeng dan silsilah
Transliteration: dongeng dan silsilah
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: cerita-cerita lama
Original: μύθοι καὶ γενεαλογίαι
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW TERM (1:4). Must not be softened into ‘cerita-cerita lama’ (old stories), which would lose the ‘endless’ futility Paul specifically targets.
Good Warfare
Approved rendering: pertempuran/pertandingan yang baik
Transliteration: pertempuran/pertandingan yang baik
Doctrine: Eternal Life and the Good Confession
Original: καλὴ στρατεία / καλὸς ἀγών
Category: Faith
NEW TERM (1:18; 6:12). Keep consistent between the two parallel occurrences bracketing the letter.
Forbidding To Marry
Approved rendering: melarang orang menikah
Transliteration: melarang orang menikah
Doctrine: Apostasy and Departure from the Faith
Original: κωλύω γαμεῖν
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW TERM (4:3). A specific example of legalistic asceticism the letter rejects.
Knowledge Falsely So Called
Approved rendering: pengetahuan yang salah disebut ilmu
Transliteration: pengetahuan yang salah disebut ilmu
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ilmu kebatinan
Original: ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW TERM (6:20). Connects back to the chapter 1 ‘myths and genealogies’ and the chapter 3 caution about ‘mystery’ being misread as esoteric gnosis; never import ‘ilmu kebatinan’ framing.
Referenced passages