Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Ephesians — Indonesian Language Package
This glossary registers every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Ephesians 1-6. Terms marked Reused carry over the exact rendering from the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked New are proposed for addition to the Language Package translation memory in Phase 1 Step 8 and require the risk sign-off indicated.
A. Reused Baseline Terms (Exact Rendering Required — No Deviation)
| Term | Greek | Indonesian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Ephesians Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | Allah | Critical | Salvation by Grace; Election; all doctrines | 1:1-3 and throughout | No change from baseline |
| Jesus / Christ | Ἰησοῦς / Χριστός | Yesus / Kristus | Critical | all doctrines | throughout | Never Nabi Isa |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον | Roh Kudus | Critical | Church; Gifts; Walking in Newness | 1:13; 2:18,22; 3:16; 4:3,30; 5:18; 6:17-18 | Distinguish from Ruh al-Qudus/Gabriel |
| Father | πατήρ | Bapa | Critical | Election/Predestination; Church | 1:2,3,17; 2:18; 3:14; 4:6; 5:20; 6:23 | Relational/adoptive, not procreative |
| Lord | κύριος | Tuhan | High/Critical | Church as Body; Household Codes | 1:2-3; 4:1,5; 6:5-9 (contrast earthly master) | Note wordplay in 6:5-9 |
| Grace | χάρις | anugerah | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:6,7; 2:5,7,8; 4:7 | Never pahala |
| Faith | πίστις | iman | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:15; 2:8; 3:12,17; 4:5,13; 6:16 | Never generic religious assent |
| Salvation / Saved | σωτηρία / σῴζω | keselamatan / diselamatkan | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:5,8; 6:17 | Perfect tense in 2:5,8 = completed status |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | kebenaran | Critical | Salvation; Armor of God | 4:24; 5:9; 6:14 | Forensic standing, not conduct |
| Holy | ἅγιος | kudus | Medium/High | Church; Sanctification | 1:4; 5:26,27 | Never suci |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | orang-orang kudus | Medium/High | Church as Body of Christ | 1:1,15,18; 3:8,18; 4:12; 5:3; 6:18 | Never wali |
| Sanctification | (verb ἁγιάζω) | pengudusan / menguduskan | Medium/High | Household Codes; Walking in Newness | 5:26 | Spirit’s ongoing work |
| Adoption | υἱοθεσία | pengangkatan sebagai anak | High | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1:5 | Legal/relational, not procreative |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | damai sejahtera | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 1:2; 2:14-17; 4:3; 6:15,23 | Corporate reconciliation sense in 2:14 |
| Spiritual Gifts | χαρίσματα (concept) | karunia rohani | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:7-11 | Spirit-given, not merit-earned |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία (concept) | ucapan syukur | Low | — | 5:4,20 | Standard term |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία (concept) | persekutuan | Low | Church as Body of Christ | (implied) 4:3-4 | Standard term |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | jemaat | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 1:22; 3:10,21; 5:23-32 | Congregation, not building |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ | Kerajaan Allah | Medium | Household Codes | 5:5 | Not political/national |
| Law | νόμος | Hukum Taurat | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:15 | Never syariat |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | dosa | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:1 | Relational offense |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη | bangsa-bangsa lain | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:11; 3:1,6,8; 4:17 | Never orang kafir |
| Glory | δόξα | kemuliaan | Medium/High | Election and Predestination | 1:6,12,14,17,18; 3:13,16,21 | God’s radiant honor |
| Election | ἐκλογή / ἐκλέγομαι | pemilihan | Medium | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1:4 | Never takdir |
| Calling / Called | κλῆσις / κλητός | panggilan / yang dipanggil | Medium/High | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 1:18; 4:1,4 | Context-sensitive per baseline |
| Providence | (concept, cf. 1:11) | pemeliharaan Allah | Medium | Election and Predestination | 1:11 | Never takdir |
| Mission / Evangelism | (concept) | pekabaran Injil | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 3:8; 6:19-20 | Never misi |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | Injil | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:13; 3:6; 6:15,19 | Anchor to Christ crucified/risen |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | Israel | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:12 | Established proper name |
| Covenant | διαθήκη | perjanjian | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:12 | Relational bond, not mere contract |
| Body (of Christ, ecclesial) | σῶμα | tubuh | Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 1:23; 4:4,12,16; 5:23,30 | See also New Term “head” below |
B. New Terms Proposed for Language Package Addition
| Term | Greek | Transliteration | Indonesian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Passages | Translation Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predestination | προορίζω | proorizō | ditentukan-Nya dari semula / predestinasi | Critical | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1:5,11 | Direct collision with Islamic qadar/takdir; must be personal, gracious, Christ-centered, oriented to adoption — never impersonal fatalistic decree. Never takdir. |
| Redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις | apolytrōsis | penebusan | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:7,14; 4:30 | Ransom/purchase framework absent from Islamic soteriology (no atoning substitutionary death affirmed); requires theologian review every occurrence. |
| Blood (of Christ) | αἷμα | haima | darah | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:7; 2:13 | Presupposes the crucifixion the Quran denies (4:157); never soften to symbolic-only language. |
| Ascension | ἀναβαίνω (ἀνέβη) | anabainō | naik ke atas / terangkat (dalam kemuliaan) | Critical | The Mystery of Christ Revealed; Christology | 4:8-10 | Quran 4:157-158 teaches Isa was “raised up” instead of dying; biblical ascension follows prior death, burial, bodily resurrection. Mandatory distinguishing note every occurrence. |
| Rulers, Authorities, Cosmic Powers, Spiritual Forces of Evil | ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες, πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας | archai, exousiai, kosmokratores, pneumatika tēs ponērias | pemerintah-pemerintah, penguasa-penguasa, penghulu dunia yang gelap ini, roh-roh jahat di udara | Critical | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6:12 (cf. 1:21; 2:2; 3:10) | Strongest syncretism risk in the book: collides with Indonesian animist territorial-spirit belief and Islamic jinn doctrine. Must affirm real personal beings while anchoring believers’ confidence in Christ’s already-accomplished victory (1:20-22), not folk-protective ritual practice. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| Mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | rahasia | High | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1:9; 3:3-9; 5:32; 6:19 | Risk of assimilation into Indonesian kebatinan/esoteric-mysticism categories of secret initiate-only knowledge; must be anchored to the specific, now openly-proclaimed gospel content. |
| Wisdom and Revelation | σοφία καὶ ἀποκάλυψις | sophia kai apokalypsis | hikmat dan penyataan | High | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1:17 | Hikmat overlaps heavily with Sufi/tasawuf mystical-wisdom tradition; must be anchored to Spirit-given knowledge of Christ specifically. |
| Heavenly Places | ἐπουράνιος | epouranios | tempat-tempat sorgawi | High | Church as Body of Christ; Spiritual Warfare | 1:3,20; 2:6; 3:10; 6:12 | Site of both Christ’s enthronement and the hostile powers; must be anchored to Christ’s supremacy, not generic animistic layered-cosmos belief. |
| Fullness | πλήρωμα | plērōma | kepenuhan | High | Church as Body of Christ; Mystery of Christ | 1:23; 3:19; 4:13 | Risk of being read as impersonal cosmic-force “filling” (cf. kerasukan / trance-possession categories) rather than personal, relational fullness in Christ. |
| Head | κεφαλή | kephalē | kepala | High | Church as Body of Christ; Household Codes | 1:22; 4:15; 5:23 | Must be taught as organic, self-sacrificial, life-giving headship (cf. 5:25), not merely cultural authority-and-control patterns. |
| Sealed | σφραγίζω | sphragizō | dimeteraikan | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:13; 4:30 | Risk of assimilation into amulet/talisman (jimat) folk-protective-object categories; teach as the Spirit’s personal indwelling and guarantee. |
| Filled with the Spirit | πληρόω… ἐν Πνεύματι | plēroō… en Pneumati | penuh dengan Roh | High | Walking in Newness of Life | 5:18 | Risk of conflation with trance-possession (kerasukan) phenomena; must produce ordered, sober, others-oriented worship, not loss of self-control. |
| Submit | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | tunduk | High | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 5:21,22,24 | Must always be taught with 5:21’s mutual submission and 5:25’s husband’s sacrificial love; risk of unilateral-subordination reading reinforced by parallel Islamic wifely-obedience norms. |
| Old Self / New Self | παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / νέος ἄνθρωπος | palaios anthrōpos / neos anthrōpos | manusia lama / manusia baru | High | Walking in Newness of Life | 4:22,24 | Distinct from corporate “one new man” (2:15); a definitive Spirit-wrought identity change, not gradual self-improvement. |
| One New Man / New Humanity | καινὸς ἄνθρωπος | kainos anthrōpos | satu manusia baru | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2:15 | Must not be diluted into generic pluralistic-harmony language (cf. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika discourse); a specific new-creation identity in Christ. |
| Reconciliation | ἀποκαταλλάσσω | apokatallassō | memperdamaikan / pendamaian | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2:16 | Specific, cross-achieved, God-initiated act; not generic social conflict-resolution. |
| Access / Boldness | προσαγωγή / παρρησία | prosagōgē / parrēsia | jalan masuk dan keberanian | High | Church as Body of Christ; cf. baseline Intercession doctrine | 3:12 | Direct access to God through Christ alone, without separate human/ritual intermediary; cross-reference baseline doa syafaat Critical entry. |
| Good Works (fruit, contrasted with works of merit in 2:9) | ἔργα ἀγαθά | erga agatha | pekerjaan baik | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:10 | Fruit of grace, not its root; must be kept distinct from 2:9’s ἔργα (works as basis of salvation, rejected). |
| Works (as basis of salvation, rejected) | ἔργα | erga | usaha / pekerjaan (bukan dasar keselamatan) | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:9 | Direct doctrinal negation of merit-based (amal/pahala) soteriology; mandatory theologian review and contextual framing note. |
| Workmanship | ποίημα | poiēma | buatan Allah | Medium-High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:10 | Preserve grace-then-works sequence (not by works, but for good works, because his workmanship). |
| Fragrant Offering / Sacrifice | προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας | prosphora kai thysia eis osmēn euōdias | persembahan dan korban yang harum baunya | High | The Mystery of Christ Revealed (atonement) | 5:2 | Risk of assimilation into Islamic qurban ritual-sacrifice framework; teach as Christ’s unique, once-for-all self-offering. |
| Dividing Wall | μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ | mesotoichon tou phragmou | tembok pemisah | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:14 | Historical/architectural metaphor; keep specific to Mosaic ceremonial division, not generalized to contemporary interfaith relations. |
| Household of God / Holy Temple / Cornerstone | οἰκεῖοι τοῦ θεοῦ / ναὸς ἅγιος / ἀκρογωνιαῖος | oikeioi tou theou / naos hagios / akrogōniaios | keluarga Allah / bait Allah yang kudus / batu penjuru | Medium | Church as Body of Christ | 2:19-22 | Bait Allah ≠ physical church building; consistent with baseline jemaat vs. gereja distinction. |
| Fellow Heirs | συγκληρονόμος | synklēronomos | sesama waris | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 3:6 | Gentiles as full, equal co-heirs, not secondary beneficiaries. |
| Inheritance | κληρονομία | klēronomia | warisan | Medium | Election and Predestination | 1:11,14,18 | Extension of adoption doctrine. |
| Unity of the Spirit | ἑνότης τοῦ Πνεύματος | henotēs tou Pneumatos | kesatuan Roh | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:3 | Existing unity to be maintained, not generated from scratch. |
| Baptism | βάπτισμα | baptisma | baptisan | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:5 | Preserve the “one baptism” unity-confession without importing a specific denominational resolution. |
| Apostles / Prophets / Evangelists / Pastors / Teachers | ἀπόστολος, προφήτης, εὐαγγελιστής, ποιμήν, διδάσκαλος | apostolos, prophētēs, euangelistēs, poimēn, didaskalos | rasul, nabi, pemberita Injil/penginjil, gembala, pengajar/guru | Critical (rasul) / High (nabi) / Medium (others) | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:11 | Rasul and nabi retain full baseline risk/notes exactly; guru must be anchored to the specific spiritual-gift office given its broad cross-religious usage in Indonesian culture. |
| Mature Manhood / Measure of Christ’s Fullness | ἀνὴρ τέλειος / μέτρον ἡλικίας τοῦ πληρώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ | anēr teleios / metron hēlikias tou plērōmatos tou Christou | manusia dewasa / ukuran kepenuhan Kristus | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:13 | Corporate spiritual maturity, not individual religious achievement. |
| Devil | διάβολος | diabolos | Iblis | Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6:11 | Shared name with Islamic Iblis; teach as the same defeated enemy under Christ’s feet (1:22; 2:6), not full import of Islamic demonology. |
| Armor of God | πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ | panoplia tou theou | perlengkapan senjata Allah | Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6:11,13 | Standard composite metaphor. |
| Word of God | ῥῆμα θεοῦ | rhēma theou | firman Allah | Low-Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6:17 | Component of armor passage; low risk standalone, but see aggregate Critical note for the full armor passage. |
| Master (earthly, contrasted with Lord) | κύριος (earthly sense) | kyrios | tuan | Medium | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 6:5,9 | Distinguish consistently from Tuhan (Christ’s divine title) despite shared Greek word. |
| Bondservants | δοῦλος | doulos | hamba | Medium | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 6:5-9 | Historical first-century household structure; not an endorsement of any subsequent slavery system. |
| Flesh | σάρξ | sarx | daging (keinginan daging) | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith; Walking in Newness | 2:3 | Comprehensive fallen moral orientation, not dietary/bodily appetite. |
| Children by Nature of Wrath | τέκνα φύσει ὀργῆς | tekna physei orgēs | pada dasarnya anak-anak kemurkaan | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:3 | Inherent condemnation from birth; contests Islamic fitrah (inherently neutral/good nature) anthropology. |
| Made Alive Together / Raised With / Seated With | συζωοποιέω, συνεγείρω, συγκαθίζω | syzōopoieō, synegeirō, synkathizō | dihidupkan, dibangkitkan, didudukkan bersama-sama dengan Kristus | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith; Church as Body of Christ | 2:5-6 | Union-with-Christ language; must retain “together with Christ,” not just “given new life.” |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | rahmat | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:4 | Distinct from χάρις/anugerah; note required distinguishing God’s compassion (rahmat, here acceptable) from the unmerited gift of salvation itself (anugerah) so the two are not collapsed. |
| Gift | δῶρον | dōron | pemberian Allah | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2:8 | One-directional, unearned gift; avoid framing implying reciprocal social gift-exchange obligation. |
| Walk (conduct of life) | περιπατέω | peripateō | hidup / berjalan | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 2:2,10; 4:1,17; 5:2,8,15 | Recurring key verb across the whole book for two contrasting life-patterns; keep rendering consistent. |
C. Cross-Reference Notes
- Terms in Section A must be enforced with zero deviation per the baseline
12_ai_translation_requirements.mdglossary enforcement priority order. - All Critical-risk New Terms in Section B (Predestination, Redemption, Ascension, Rulers/Authorities/Cosmic Powers/Spiritual Forces of Evil, Works as basis of salvation) require theologian sign-off before entry into the Phase 1 Step 8 core glossary and must be added to an updated
translation_memory.jsonanddoctrine_risk_registry.jsonfor the Ephesians curriculum, following the same versioning and enforcement procedure the baseline established for Romans. - The armor-of-God passage (6:14-17) is flagged as an aggregate Critical-risk unit even though its individual new vocabulary is Low/Medium, because it re-deploys five previously Critical/High baseline terms (righteousness, gospel, peace, faith, salvation) in a single high-visibility, frequently-memorized passage.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: keselamatan
Transliteration: keselamatan
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω (perfect passive: σεσωσμένοι)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Ephesians 2:5,8 use the perfect passive (sesōsmenoi); keselamatan/diselamatkan must reflect the already-accomplished, presently-secure force of that tense, sharply contrasted with Islamic soteriology’s future-contingent, deeds-weighed judgment. Mandatory contextual framing note every occurrence.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Kudus
Transliteration: Roh Kudus
Doctrine: Sealing by the Holy Spirit
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Occurs throughout (1:13; 2:18,22; 3:16; 4:3,30; 5:18; 6:17-18); Eph 4:30’s ‘grieve the Holy Spirit’ reinforces the baseline’s insistence on a personal divine Spirit, not the impersonal Ruh al-Qudus/angel Gabriel of Islamic tradition.
Father
Approved rendering: Bapa
Transliteration: Bapa
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Occurs 1:2,3,17; 2:18; 3:14; 4:6; 5:20; 6:23; every occurrence carries the baseline’s requirement that this is relational/adoptive language, not physical parentage, which the Quran explicitly denies of Allah.
Apostle
Approved rendering: rasul
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship and the Prophetic Foundation of the Church
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 2:20 (foundation of apostles and prophets), 3:5, 4:11. Every occurrence requires a translator note distinguishing this office from the Islamic doctrine of a closed prophetic line culminating in Muhammad.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Anak Allah
Transliteration: Anak Allah
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 4:13’s ‘unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God’ requires the same theologian-reviewed teaching note as every baseline occurrence: eternal, relational Sonship, not physical procreation.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yesus
Transliteration: Yesus
Doctrine: foundational to all nine curriculum doctrines
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Never Nabi Isa (the Islamic prophetic framing that denies the crucifixion). Occurs pervasively, frequently paired with Kristus (‘Yesus Kristus’) throughout Ephesians.
Intercession
Approved rendering: doa syafaat
Transliteration: doa syafaat
Doctrine: Assurance and Direct Access to God
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Cross-referenced from Ephesians 2:18 and 3:12’s access/boldness doctrine: Christ’s mediatorship alone, not a separate human or angelic intercessor, is the basis of believers’ direct access to God. Retain doa syafaat’s mandatory distinguishing note from Muhammad’s future shafa’a wherever the concept is invoked.
Predestination
Approved rendering: ditentukan-Nya dari semula
Transliteration: ditentukan-Nya dari semula
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: takdir, predestinasi (as sole rendering)
Original: προορίζω
Category: Election
New term (proorizō, 1:5,11). The single most direct collision point in Ephesians with Islamic qadar/takdir, an impersonal, comprehensive divine decree. Never rendered takdir. Use the descriptive phrase as primary; predestinasi may appear only as a secondary academic gloss. Every occurrence requires a note that God’s predestining is personal, gracious, and oriented toward adoption into sonship in Christ.
Redemption
Approved rendering: penebusan
Transliteration: penebusan
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
New term (apolytrōsis, 1:7,14; 4:30). The ransom/purchase-price framework has no equivalent in Islamic soteriology, which affirms no atoning substitutionary death (cf. Quran 4:157). Requires theologian-reviewed teaching support every occurrence.
Ascension Of Christ
Approved rendering: naik ke atas / terangkat (dalam kemuliaan)
Transliteration: naik ke atas / terangkat (dalam kemuliaan)
Doctrine: Ascension of Christ
Rejected alternatives: diangkat (unqualified, echoing Quranic rafa’a)
Original: ἀναβαίνω (ἀνέβη) / καταβαίνω
Category: Christology
New term (anabainō, 4:8-10). Quran 4:157-158 teaches Isa was ‘raised up’ INSTEAD OF dying. Ephesians 4’s ascension presupposes and follows the prior death, burial, and bodily resurrection already established at 1:20 and 2:6. Mandatory theologian-reviewed distinguishing note every occurrence.
Rulers Authorities Cosmic Powers
Approved rendering: pemerintah-pemerintah, penguasa-penguasa, penghulu dunia yang gelap ini, roh-roh jahat di udara
Transliteration: pemerintah-pemerintah, penguasa-penguasa, penghulu dunia yang gelap ini, roh-roh jahat di udara
Doctrine: Spiritual Powers and Authorities
Original: ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες τοῦ σκότους τούτου, πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term cluster (archai, exousiai, kosmokratores, pneumatika tēs ponērias; 1:21; 2:2; 3:10; 6:12). Strongest syncretism risk in the whole book, colliding with Indonesian animist territorial/ancestral-spirit belief (mediated by dukun) and Islamic jinn doctrine. Must affirm real personal beings while anchoring believers’ confidence in Christ’s already-accomplished victory (1:20-22; 2:6), never folk-religious appeasement/protective ritual. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Works Of Merit
Approved rendering: usaha / pekerjaan (bukan dasar keselamatan)
Transliteration: usaha / pekerjaan (bukan dasar keselamatan)
Doctrine: Grace versus Works
Rejected alternatives: amal, pahala
Original: ἔργα
Category: Salvation
New term (erga, 2:9, ‘not a result of works, so that no one may boast’). The single most important verse in Ephesians for foreclosing a deeds-based soteriology; direct doctrinal negation of Indonesian Islamic amal/pahala theology. Mandatory theologian review and contextual framing note every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar baik
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. In Ephesians (1:13; 3:6; 6:15,19) must be anchored specifically to the mystery of Christ crucified and risen and to Gentile inclusion, not left as a generic label for a scripture given to Isa.
Grace
Approved rendering: anugerah
Transliteration: anugerah
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: rahmat, pahala
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Ephesians 2:5,7,8 and 4:7 are the thesis-level occurrences; within the same paragraph (2:4-8) must be sharply distinguished from eleos (mercy, v.4, rendered rahmat) so the two are not collapsed into one undifferentiated concept.
Faith
Approved rendering: iman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Must be anchored to personal trust in Christ specifically (Eph 2:8; 3:12,17; 4:5,13; 6:16), never generic religious assent paralleling the Islamic six pillars of faith.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kebenaran
Transliteration: kebenaran
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Occurs at 4:24 (the new self created in righteousness) and 6:14 (breastplate of righteousness); must not collapse into mere ethical conduct or the ordinary sense ‘truth.‘
Adoption
Approved rendering: pengangkatan sebagai anak
Transliteration: pengangkatan sebagai anak
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 1:5, predestined by the Father in Christ; given Islamic caution around parent-child language applied to Allah, must consistently be taught as legal/relational status, not physical procreation.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: kebangkitan
Transliteration: kebangkitan
Doctrine: Resurrection and Exaltation of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 1:20 names Christ’s own resurrection as the ground of his exaltation; 2:6 extends it to believers’ present standing. Must never be reduced to generic end-times resurrection or figurative renewal.
Lord
Approved rendering: Tuhan
Transliteration: Tuhan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. In Eph 6:5,9 the same Greek word kyrios also names an earthly master; that sense must be rendered tuan, never Tuhan, so Christ’s exclusive divine title is never diluted.
Covenant
Approved rendering: perjanjian
Transliteration: perjanjian
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 2:12, plural ‘covenants of promise’; a relational, God-initiated binding bond, not merely a commercial contract.
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: Allah
Doctrine: foundational to all nine curriculum doctrines
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. The term itself is not the risk; the surrounding vocabulary (rasul, nabi, takdir, syafaat) is.
Prophet
Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Apostleship and the Prophetic Foundation of the Church
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 2:20; 3:5; 4:11. Must be anchored to the NT/OT redemptive-historical office, not read as part of or competing with the closed Islamic prophetic line (khatam an-nabiyyin).
Blood Of Christ
Approved rendering: darah
Transliteration: darah
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Original: αἷμα
Category: Salvation
New term (haima, 1:7; 2:13). Directly presupposes the crucifixion the Quran denies (4:157); must never be softened into merely symbolic or metaphorical language.
Ruler Of Power Of Air
Approved rendering: penguasa kuasa angkasa
Transliteration: penguasa kuasa angkasa
Doctrine: Spiritual Powers and Authorities
Original: ἄρχων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (archōn tēs exousias tou aeros, 2:2). The singular defeated cosmic enemy under Christ’s supremacy (1:20-22), not one spirit among many equally-powerful territorial spirits.
Mystery
Approved rendering: rahasia
Transliteration: rahasia
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: misteri
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Mystery
New term (mystērion, 1:9; 3:3-9; 5:32; 6:19). Risk of assimilation into Indonesian kebatinan/Sufi tasawuf esoteric-initiate categories; must be anchored explicitly to the specific, now openly-proclaimed gospel content, never left as secret knowledge reserved for spiritual elites.
Wisdom And Revelation
Approved rendering: hikmat dan penyataan
Transliteration: hikmat dan penyataan
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: σοφία καὶ ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Mystery
New term (sophia kai apokalypsis, 1:17). Hikmat overlaps heavily with Sufi/tasawuf mystical-wisdom tradition; must be anchored to Spirit-given knowledge of Christ specifically.
Heavenly Places
Approved rendering: tempat-tempat sorgawi
Transliteration: tempat-tempat sorgawi
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: ἐπουράνιος
Category: Church
New term (epouranios, 1:3,20; 2:6; 3:10; 6:12). Anchor to Christ’s supremacy over, not equal participation in, this realm; not generic animistic layered-cosmos belief (alam gaib).
Fullness
Approved rendering: kepenuhan
Transliteration: kepenuhan
Doctrine: Fullness of Christ in the Church
Original: πλήρωμα
Category: Church
New term (plērōma, 1:23; 3:19; 4:13). Risk of being read as impersonal cosmic ‘filling’ (cf. kerasukan/trance-possession categories); the personal referent (Christ, God) must be named in the same sentence at every occurrence.
Head
Approved rendering: kepala
Transliteration: kepala
Doctrine: Headship of Christ over the Church
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Church
New term (kephalē, 1:22; 4:15; 5:23). Must be taught as organic, self-sacrificial, life-giving headship (cf. 5:25), never merely as existing cultural authority-and-control patterns; always paired with ‘body’ (tubuh).
Sealed
Approved rendering: dimeteraikan
Transliteration: dimeteraikan
Doctrine: Sealing by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: disegel
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Salvation
New term (sphragizō, 1:13; 4:30). Risk of assimilation into amulet/talisman (jimat, azimat) categories; must be taught as the Spirit’s personal indwelling presence, not a protective mark or charm. Disegel rejected as too bureaucratic (tax-stamp/document sense).
Filled With Spirit
Approved rendering: penuh dengan Roh
Transliteration: penuh dengan Roh
Doctrine: Filling with the Spirit
Original: πληρόω… ἐν Πνεύματι
Category: Sanctification
New term (plēroō… en Pneumati, 5:18). Must be kept distinct from trance-possession phenomena (kerasukan) found in some Indonesian folk-religious and syncretistic charismatic practice; produces ordered, sober, others-oriented worship, contrasted in the same verse with drunkenness.
Submit
Approved rendering: tunduk
Transliteration: tunduk
Doctrine: Household Code: Marriage
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household
New term (hypotassō, 5:21,22,24). In a strongly patriarchal Indonesian social context reinforced by parallel Islamic wifely-obedience norms, risks being read as unilateral subordination unless always taught with 5:21’s mutual submission and 5:25’s husband’s sacrificial-love obligation.
Old Self New Self
Approved rendering: manusia lama / manusia baru
Transliteration: manusia lama / manusia baru
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / νέος ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
New term (palaios anthrōpos / neos anthrōpos, 4:22,24). Distinct from the corporate ‘one new man’ of 2:15. A definitive, Spirit-wrought identity change, not incremental self-improvement by willpower.
One New Man
Approved rendering: satu manusia baru
Transliteration: satu manusia baru
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Unity
New term (kainos anthrōpos, 2:15). Must not be diluted into generic pluralistic-harmony language paralleling Bhinneka Tunggal Ika discourse; a specific soteriological and ecclesiological new creation in Christ.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: memperdamaikan / pendamaian
Transliteration: memperdamaikan / pendamaian
Doctrine: Reconciliation of Jew and Gentile
Original: ἀποκαταλλάσσω
Category: Unity
New term (apokatallassō, 2:16). Must be distinguished from mere social peacemaking or generic interfaith-harmony conflict-resolution language; a specific, cross-achieved, God-initiated reconciliation.
Access And Boldness
Approved rendering: jalan masuk dan keberanian
Transliteration: jalan masuk dan keberanian
Doctrine: Assurance and Direct Access to God
Original: προσαγωγή / παρρησία
Category: Church
New term (prosagōgē / parrēsia, 2:18; 3:12). Stands in sharp contrast to devotional frameworks (Islamic and folk-religious) that seek access to God through human intercessors or ritual intermediaries; cross-reference the baseline’s Critical-risk ‘intercession’ (doa syafaat) entry.
Good Works
Approved rendering: pekerjaan baik
Transliteration: pekerjaan baik
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἔργα ἀγαθά
Category: Salvation
New term (erga agatha, 2:10). Must be kept distinct from 2:9’s rejected erga; the fruit/root distinction is essential to the doctrine’s integrity.
Workmanship
Approved rendering: buatan Allah
Transliteration: buatan Allah
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ποίημα
Category: Salvation
New term (poiēma, 2:10). The verse’s rhetorical structure — not by works (v.9) but for good works (v.10), because we are his workmanship — must be preserved intact.
Fragrant Offering
Approved rendering: persembahan dan korban yang harum baunya
Transliteration: persembahan dan korban yang harum baunya
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Original: προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας
Category: Mystery
New term (prosphora kai thysia eis osmēn euōdias, 5:2). Risk of assimilation into Islamic qurban ritual-sacrifice framework (Idul Adha); must be taught as Christ’s unique, once-for-all self-offering fulfilling and ending the OT sacrificial pattern.
Flesh
Approved rendering: keinginan daging
Transliteration: keinginan daging
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness (Spiritual Deadness)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
New term (sarx, 2:3). Must be distinguished from purely dietary/bodily-appetite readings (e.g. fasting-related self-denial common in Indonesian religious culture); comprehensive moral-spiritual corruption, not appetite management.
Children Of Wrath
Approved rendering: pada dasarnya anak-anak kemurkaan
Transliteration: pada dasarnya anak-anak kemurkaan
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness (Spiritual Deadness)
Original: τέκνα φύσει ὀργῆς
Category: Sin
New term (tekna physei orgēs, 2:3). Must preserve the ‘by nature’ (inherent, not merely accumulated through deeds) sense; directly contests Islamic fitrah anthropology (inherently good/neutral nature at birth).
Made Alive Raised Seated With Christ
Approved rendering: dihidupkan, dibangkitkan, didudukkan bersama-sama dengan Kristus
Transliteration: dihidupkan, dibangkitkan, didudukkan bersama-sama dengan Kristus
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: συζωοποιέω, συνεγείρω, συγκαθίζω
Category: Salvation
New term (syzōopoieō, synegeirō, synkathizō, 2:5-6). Must retain the ‘together with Christ’ union language, not merely ‘gave us new life,’ preserving the Christ-union basis of the resurrection doctrine and its connection to Christ’s authority over the powers named in 1:21 and 6:12.
Mercy
Approved rendering: rahmat
Transliteration: rahmat
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New term (eleos, 2:4). Distinct from charis/anugerah (the unmerited gift itself, v.5,8); rahmat is an acceptable rendering here specifically for God’s compassion, but a translator note is required distinguishing it from anugerah so the two are not collapsed, and so rahmat is not read within an Islamic deeds-and-mercy judgment framework.
Gift Doron
Approved rendering: pemberian Allah
Transliteration: pemberian Allah
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: δῶρον
Category: Salvation
New term (dōron, 2:8). Must not be rendered in a way that suggests a reciprocal gift-exchange obligation, a significant social script in Indonesian culture, rather than a one-directional, unearned gift.
In Christ
Approved rendering: di dalam Kristus
Transliteration: di dalam Kristus
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Salvation
New term (en Christō), pervasive (eleven times in ch.1 alone; 2:6,7,10,13). Identity must be located in union with Christ, not registered religious-community (agama) status or accumulated deeds.
Divine Power Cluster
Approved rendering: kuasa, kekuatan, kekuasaan
Transliteration: kuasa, kekuatan, kekuasaan
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: δύναμις, ἐνέργεια, κράτος, ἐξουσία
Category: God
New term (dynamis, energeia, kratos, exousia, 1:19-21). Establishes Christ’s supremacy over the very spiritual powers named as opponents in ch.6; must be translated consistently with the ch.6 powers vocabulary so readers recognize Christ has already triumphed over the powers believers later resist.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: kudus
Transliteration: kudus
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: suci
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Occurs 1:4 (chosen to be holy) and 5:26-27 (the church presented holy and without blemish).
Saints
Approved rendering: orang-orang kudus
Transliteration: orang-orang kudus
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Recurs throughout (1:1,15,18; 3:8,18; 4:12; 5:3; 6:18) as the ordinary designation for every believer, not a venerated Sufi-style spiritual elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pengudusan
Transliteration: pengudusan
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holiness
Original: ἁγιάζω / ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Ephesians 5:26 applies this to Christ’s cleansing of the church, feeding both the Household Codes and Church-as-Body doctrines.
Peace
Approved rendering: damai sejahtera
Transliteration: damai sejahtera
Doctrine: Reconciliation of Jew and Gentile
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 2:14-17 personifies Christ himself as ‘our peace,’ an intensified corporate/ethnic-reconciliation sense beyond the baseline’s individual Romans 5:1 usage; both senses must be taught together.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: karunia rohani
Transliteration: karunia rohani
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: χαρίσματα (concept; cf. δόμα/δωρεά, 4:7-8)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 4:7-11 grounds these gifts in Christ’s ascension-gift-giving, not merit earned by the recipient.
Church
Approved rendering: jemaat
Transliteration: jemaat
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: gereja
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Jemaat, not gereja, when referring to the people rather than a building. Central to 1:22-23; 3:10,21; 5:23-32; must not be flattened into merely one more registered ormas keagamaan.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kerajaan Allah
Transliteration: Kerajaan Allah
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 5:5; distinguish from a political/national kerajaan.
Law
Approved rendering: Hukum Taurat
Transliteration: Hukum Taurat
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: syariat
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 2:15 names the law of commandments as part of the dividing wall Christ abolished. Never syariat.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness (Spiritual Deadness)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 2:1 pairs it with paraptōma (kesalahan) to describe both specific offenses and the underlying condition.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: bangsa-bangsa lain
Transliteration: bangsa-bangsa lain
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: orang kafir
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Central to Eph 2:11-3:8’s Unity doctrine. Never orang kafir.
Glory
Approved rendering: kemuliaan
Transliteration: kemuliaan
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. The recurring refrain ‘to the praise of his glory’ structures 1:6,12,14 as the purpose of election, redemption, and sealing.
Election
Approved rendering: pemilihan
Transliteration: pemilihan
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: takdir
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 1:4; must be read together with the new term proorizō (predestination, see ‘predestination’ entry) in the same passage. Never takdir.
Called
Approved rendering: yang dipanggil
Transliteration: yang dipanggil
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Context-sensitive per baseline convention; in Ephesians applies to the summons into the one body (4:1,4).
Calling
Approved rendering: panggilan
Transliteration: panggilan
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: κλῆσις / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 1:18 (hope of his calling) and 4:1,4 (walk worthy of the calling).
Providence
Approved rendering: pemeliharaan Allah
Transliteration: pemeliharaan Allah
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: takdir
Original: (concept, cf. 1:11 “works all things according to the counsel of his will”)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 1:11 grounds the inheritance in God’s sovereign, personal working, not impersonal fate. Never takdir.
Mission
Approved rendering: pekabaran Injil
Transliteration: pekabaran Injil
Doctrine: Evangelism and Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: misi
Original: (concept, cf. ἀποστολή / πέμπω)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Eph 3:8 (Paul’s stewardship to preach to the Gentiles) and 6:19-20 (Paul’s request for boldness as an ambassador in chains). Never misi.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Established proper name, Eph 2:12.
Body Ecclesial
Approved rendering: tubuh
Transliteration: tubuh
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα
Category: Church
Not a standalone baseline entry. Occurs 1:23; 4:4,12,16; 5:23,30. Must be taught together with ‘head’ (kepala) below so the organic head-body unity is not lost.
Dividing Wall
Approved rendering: tembok pemisah
Transliteration: tembok pemisah
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ
Category: Unity
New term (mesotoichon tou phragmou, 2:14). Historical/architectural metaphor for the abolished Mosaic ceremonial division; must not be generalized to contemporary interfaith relations.
Household Of God Temple Cornerstone
Approved rendering: keluarga Allah / bait Allah yang kudus / batu penjuru
Transliteration: keluarga Allah / bait Allah yang kudus / batu penjuru
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: οἰκεῖοι τοῦ θεοῦ / ναὸς ἅγιος / ἀκρογωνιαῖος λίθος
Category: Church
New term (oikeioi tou theou / naos hagios / akrogōniaios lithos, 2:19-22). Bait Allah must never be read as a physical building, consistent with the baseline jemaat-versus-gereja distinction.
Fellow Heirs
Approved rendering: sesama waris
Transliteration: sesama waris
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: συγκληρονόμος
Category: Unity
New term (synklēronomos, 3:6). Gentiles as full, equal co-heirs, not secondary beneficiaries.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: warisan
Transliteration: warisan
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Election
New term (klēronomia, 1:11,14,18). Extends the adoption doctrine to the guaranteed legal share received as adopted sons.
Unity Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: kesatuan Roh
Transliteration: kesatuan Roh
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Unity of the Spirit
Original: ἑνότης τοῦ Πνεύματος
Category: Church
New term (henotēs tou Pneumatos, 4:3). Must be taught as an existing unity the Spirit has already established that believers are called to maintain, not one they must generate from scratch.
Baptism
Approved rendering: baptisan
Transliteration: baptisan
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Unity of the Spirit
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Church
New term (baptisma, 4:5). The ‘one baptism’ unity-confession must be preserved without importing a specific denominational (infant vs. believer’s) resolution.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: pemberita Injil / penginjil
Transliteration: pemberita Injil / penginjil
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Church
New term (euangelistēs, 4:11). Shares its root with the Critical-risk term Injil; lower syncretism risk than rasul or nabi but must still be anchored to specific gospel proclamation.
Teacher
Approved rendering: pengajar / guru
Transliteration: pengajar / guru
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Church
New term (didaskalos, 4:11). Guru is a broadly shared honorific across Indonesian religious traditions (Islamic religious teachers, Hindu/Javanese spiritual teachers, secular teachers); must be anchored to the specific spiritual-gift office in the church.
Mature Manhood Fullness Of Christ
Approved rendering: manusia dewasa / ukuran kepenuhan Kristus
Transliteration: manusia dewasa / ukuran kepenuhan Kristus
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: ἀνὴρ τέλειος / μέτρον ἡλικίας τοῦ πληρώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
New term (anēr teleios / metron hēlikias tou plērōmatos tou Christou, 4:13). Corporate spiritual maturity, not individual religious achievement.
Devil
Approved rendering: Iblis
Transliteration: Iblis
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (diabolos, 6:11). Shared vocabulary with the Quranic Iblis; teach as the same defeated enemy already under Christ’s feet (1:22; 2:6), not an uncritical import of the full Islamic demonological framework surrounding Iblis and jinn.
Armor Of God
Approved rendering: perlengkapan senjata Allah
Transliteration: perlengkapan senjata Allah
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (panoplia tou theou, 6:11,13). Standard composite metaphor; the individual armor pieces (righteousness, gospel, peace, faith, salvation) carry their own Critical/High risk and must retain exact translation-memory renderings — see aggregate note under ‘word_of_god_rhema.‘
Master Earthly
Approved rendering: tuan
Transliteration: tuan
Doctrine: Household Code: Masters and Bondservants
Original: κύριος (earthly sense)
Category: Household
New term (kyrios, earthly sense, 6:5,9). Requires a translator note distinguishing this earthly sense from kyrios as Christ’s exclusive divine title (Tuhan), since the same Greek word is deliberately used for both within this passage.
Bondservants
Approved rendering: hamba
Transliteration: hamba
Doctrine: Household Code: Masters and Bondservants
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Household
New term (doulos, 6:5-9). Reflects a historical first-century household structure; not an endorsement of any subsequent form of chattel slavery or contemporary labor exploitation.
Walk Conduct
Approved rendering: hidup
Transliteration: hidup
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
New term (peripateō, 2:2,10; 4:1,17; 5:2,8,15). Recurring key verb across the whole book for two contrasting life-patterns; render consistently so the deliberate old-walk/new-walk literary contrast is preserved.
Trespasses
Approved rendering: kesalahan
Transliteration: kesalahan
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness (Spiritual Deadness)
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
New term (paraptōma, 2:1; 1:7 forgiveness of trespasses). Must remain distinguishable from dosa in the same clause without sounding redundant.
Sons Of Disobedience
Approved rendering: orang-orang durhaka
Transliteration: orang-orang durhaka
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness (Spiritual Deadness)
Original: υἱοὶ τῆς ἀπειθείας
Category: Sin
New term (huioi tēs apeitheias, 2:2). Parallel to ‘children of wrath’ in v.3; describes unregenerate humanity’s characteristic defiance.
Circumcision Uncircumcision
Approved rendering: bersunat / tidak bersunat
Transliteration: bersunat / tidak bersunat
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία
Category: Unity
New term (peritomē / akrobystia, 2:11). Sunat is also a near-universal contemporary Indonesian Islamic and traditional cultural practice; must be clearly framed as a historical Jewish covenant-marker, not commentary on present practice.
Commonwealth Of Israel
Approved rendering: kewargaan Israel
Transliteration: kewargaan Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: πολιτεία τοῦ Ἰσραήλ
Category: Unity
New term (politeia tou Israēl, 2:12). Names the problem 2:13-18 resolves; full covenant-community membership formerly closed to Gentiles.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: kemurkaan
Transliteration: kemurkaan
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness (Spiritual Deadness)
Original: ὀργή
Category: Sin
New term (orgē, 2:3; 5:6). God’s settled, righteous, judicial anger against sin, not impulsive rage; must not be softened into mere disappointment.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: kasih
Transliteration: kasih
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Household
New term (agapē). Occurs 2:4 (God’s great love) and 5:2,25,28,33 (Christ’s and the husband’s self-giving love); the terminological link between salvation-love and marital-love should be preserved.
Age Of This World
Approved rendering: zaman
Transliteration: zaman
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: αἰών
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (aiōn, 2:2). Low-medium risk standing alone but reinforces the Spiritual Warfare doctrine’s cosmology of a present fallen world-order distinct from the age to come.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ucapan syukur
Transliteration: ucapan syukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Praise
Original: εὐχαριστία (concept)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Standard term at 5:4,20; minimal doctrinal risk.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: persekutuan
Transliteration: persekutuan
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: κοινωνία (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, rendering unchanged. Implied throughout the unity-confession of 4:3-6.
Guarantee Deposit
Approved rendering: jaminan
Transliteration: jaminan
Doctrine: Sealing by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Salvation
New term (arrabōn, 1:14). Standard, low-risk commercial-guarantee metaphor matching the Greek’s own commercial sense.
Pastor
Approved rendering: gembala
Transliteration: gembala
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: ποιμήν
Category: Church
New term (poimēn, 4:11). Standard vocabulary, low doctrinal risk.
Word Of God Rhema
Approved rendering: firman Allah
Transliteration: firman Allah
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ῥῆμα θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (rhēma theou, 6:17). Low risk standalone, but sits inside the aggregate Critical-risk armor passage (6:14-17), which re-deploys five previously Critical/High terms (righteousness, gospel, peace, faith, salvation) in one high-visibility, frequently-memorized passage. Absolute translation-memory compliance is mandatory for every component term in that passage.
Blessing
Approved rendering: memberkati / terpujilah
Transliteration: memberkati / terpujilah
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Praise
Original: εὐλογία / εὐλογητός
Category: God
New term (eulogia / eulogētos, 1:3). Frames the whole predestination/election/redemption/sealing sequence as one comprehensive blessing.
Referenced passages