Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Peter (1 Petrus) 1–5
English → Indonesian | Full-Book Term Inventory
Section A — Baseline Romans Terms Reused Exactly (No Change)
The following baseline terms recur in 1 Peter and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded in the baseline translation_memory.json. No new analysis; listed here only to confirm full-book coverage and cross-reference.
| Term | Indonesian Rendering | Risk | Key 1 Peter Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | Allah | High | Throughout |
| Father | Bapa | Critical | 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 |
| Lord | Tuhan | Critical | 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:15, 5:14 |
| Jesus | Yesus | Critical | Throughout |
| Holy Spirit | Roh Kudus | Critical | 1:2, 1:11, 1:12, 4:14 |
| Apostle | rasul | Critical | 1:1 |
| Grace | anugerah | High | 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 2:19–20, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 |
| Faith | iman | High | 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:21, 5:9 |
| Salvation | keselamatan | Critical | 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2, 3:20–21, 4:18 |
| Resurrection | kebangkitan | High | 1:3, 1:21, 3:21 |
| Righteousness | kebenaran | High/Critical | 2:24, 3:14, 3:18 |
| Holy | kudus | High | 1:15–16, 2:5, 2:9, 3:5 |
| Saints (implicit “holy ones” language) | orang-orang kudus | Medium | (conceptual — corporate holiness, ch. 2) |
| Sanctification | pengudusan | High | 1:2 |
| Called / Calling | yang dipanggil / panggilan | Medium/High | 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 |
| Election | pemilihan | High | 1:1–2, 2:9 (via “chosen”) |
| Glory | kemuliaan | High | 1:7, 1:8, 1:11, 1:21, 1:24, 2:12, 4:11, 4:13–14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 |
| Sin | dosa | High | 2:20, 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1 |
| Gentiles | bangsa-bangsa lain | Medium | 2:12 (rendered “orang yang tidak mengenal Allah” contextually where sense = pagans; see 4:3 note) |
| Church (as gathered people) | jemaat | Medium | 5:2 (flock/church context) |
| Kingdom of God | Kerajaan Allah | Medium | 2:9 (royal/basileion root) |
| Prophet | nabi | Low/High | 1:10–12 |
| Prophecy | nubuat | Low | 1:10–12 |
| Power of God | kuasa Allah | Medium | 1:5 |
| Fellowship | persekutuan | Low | (root reused, intensified sense at 4:13, see new term fellowship_in_suffering) |
| Spiritual Gifts | karunia rohani | Medium | 4:10 |
| Peace | damai sejahtera | Medium | 5:14 |
| Providence | pemeliharaan Allah | Medium | 4:2, 4:19 (God’s will/Creator) |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by the 1 Peter Curriculum
| Term (English) | Original / Transliteration | Indonesian Translation | Doctrine Risk | Doctrine | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | rahmat | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | belas kasihan (considered, less established in this verse) | Established TB rendering, but rahmat is the core Islamic attribute-name (Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim). Distinct Greek word from χάρις/grace. Must anchor to God’s specific act causing new birth through Christ’s resurrection, not Allah’s generic mercy attribute weighed at judgment. Mandatory teaching note every occurrence (1:3; cf. 2:10). |
| new birth / born again | ἀναγεννάω / anagennaō | dilahirkan kembali / kelahiran baru | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | pertobatan (rejected — that is “repentance/conversion,” a related but distinct act) | God’s monergistic act of causing spiritual rebirth, grounded in Christ’s resurrection (1:3) and the living word (1:23). No Islamic doctrinal equivalent; standing before God there is not constituted by a divinely-caused rebirth. |
| living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα / elpis zōsa | pengharapan yang hidup | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | hidup yang penuh pengharapan (TB’s diffused rendering, rejected for curriculum use since it obscures the doctrine title) | THE named doctrine’s source phrase (1:3). Certainty grounded in Christ’s accomplished resurrection, not a wish about an outcome still pending a deeds-weighing judgment. Must always be taught paired with kebangkitan (resurrection, baseline). |
| inheritance | κληρονομία / klēronomia | warisan | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | pahala (rejected — merit-earned reward, wrong doctrinal direction) | Secure, imperishable future inheritance of adopted children (cf. baseline adoption), not earned wages. |
| guarded/protected (by God’s power) | φρουρέω / phroureō | dijaga | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection; Assurance | ditakdirkan (forbidden — implies impersonal fate) | Military garrison-guard image; God’s personal, active protection of the secured salvation, not impersonal fixed decree. |
| trial / testing | πειρασμός / peirasmos | cobaan | Medium-High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | godaan (rejected in this sense — that leans toward “temptation to sin,” a different nuance) | External, purposive, God-permitted hardship that proves (not earns) genuine faith. Distinguish from fatalistic takdir framing and from a deeds-tally bala framework. |
| genuineness / tested faith | δοκίμιον / dokimion | kemurnian iman yang teruji | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | (none) | Refining-fire metaphor; trial proves an already-given faith, does not create merit toward salvation. |
| exile / sojourner | παρεπίδημος / parepidēmos | pendatang | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake; Holiness in Conduct | orang kafir (forbidden — wrong category entirely), imigran (rejected — implies literal immigration status) | Spiritual, not literal-legal, alienation from the present order. Must not be read as devaluing legitimate citizenship or registered agama identity. |
| dispersion | διασπορά / diaspora | perantauan | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | (none) | Reapplication of Israel’s scattering-language to the (largely Gentile) church; teach as reapplied metaphor, not ethnic-continuity claim. |
| foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις / prognōsis | pengetahuan/rencana Allah sebelumnya | High | Election / Providence (curriculum-adjacent) | takdir (forbidden — impersonal decree) | Personal, purposive foreknowing love of the Father grounding election; never impersonal qadar. |
| blood (of Christ) | αἷμα / haima | darah | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (none — no acceptable substitute) | Sacrificial, covenant-ratifying, redemptive blood (1:2, 1:19; 2:24 by extension). Anchors all substitutionary-atonement teaching. |
| sprinkling | ῥαντισμός / rhantismos | percikan (darah) | Medium-High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | penyucian ritual (rejected as stand-alone — must retain covenant-ratification sense, not mere ritual cleansing) | Echoes Sinai covenant-sealing (Exodus 24), not an isolated purification rite. |
| redemption / ransom | λυτρόω / lytroō | ditebus / penebusan | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | dibebaskan (rejected as too generic — loses the ransom-price nuance) | Price-paying deliverance from sin’s bondage. No Islamic doctrinal equivalent (deliverance there is submission + deeds + mercy, not a ransom paid by a substitute). |
| sacrificial lamb | ἀμνός ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος / amnos amōmos kai aspilos | anak domba yang tak bercela dan tak bercacat | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (none) | Fulfills Passover lamb and Isaiah 53 typology. Distinguish sharply from Islamic qurban (commemorative, non-atoning ritual sacrifice). |
| manifested | φανερόω / phaneroō | dinyatakan | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering (linked to Incarnation, baseline) | (none) | Same theological event as baseline incarnation, viewed from the angle of God’s eternal foreordaining plan (1:20). |
| purify (moral) | ἁγνίζω / hagnizō | menyucikan | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | (none) | Inward, truth-obedience-driven purity; distinct from ritual purification practices (wudhu/ghusl) as a repeated precondition for worship. |
| living stone | λίθος ζῶν / lithos zōn | batu yang hidup | Medium-High | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | (none) | Christological building-metaphor; must not suggest literal stone-veneration given syncretistic folk-religious associations with sacred stones. |
| holy priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / hierateuma hagion | imamat yang kudus | Critical | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | (none — no viable alternative to “imamat/imam” root exists in standard Indonesian Bible usage) | HIGHEST-RISK NEW TERM in the curriculum. “Imam” collides directly with the Islamic prayer-leader title encountered constantly in daily Indonesian life. Mandatory theologian-reviewed note every occurrence: corporate identity of all believers, priestly access through Christ alone, not a specialized human-mediator office comparable to a mosque imam. |
| royal priesthood | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα / basileion hierateuma | imamat yang rajani | Critical | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | kerajaan imam (rejected — reverses the head noun and obscures the source phrase) | The literal source phrase for the named curriculum doctrine (2:9). Must be rendered identically across every curriculum document. Carries the same imam-collision note as holy_priesthood above, plus clarification that “royal” = sharing Christ’s kingly access to God’s throne, not an earthly political monarchy. |
| spiritual sacrifice(s) | θυσία πνευματική / thysia pneumatikē | korban rohani | High | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | korban binatang / qurban-equivalent framing (forbidden) | The whole transformed life offered through Christ’s mediation; distinct from Islamic ritual animal sacrifice as an independently meritorious act. |
| chosen race / holy nation / God’s own possession | γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν | bangsa yang terpilih / bangsa yang kudus / umat kepunyaan Allah sendiri | High | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | orang kafir-adjacent contrastive framing (forbidden) | ἔθνος here (church as “holy nation”) must be distinguished in teaching notes from baseline’s gentiles sense of the same root. |
| submission (ordered by love) | ὑποτάσσω / hypotassō | tunduk / taat | Critical | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | (no viable lexical substitute — “tunduk/taat” are the correct, natural Indonesian verbs) | THE single most acute collision term in the curriculum: shares its conceptual root with “Islam” (submission to Allah). Mandatory theologian review every load-bearing occurrence (2:13–17; 3:1, 22; 5:5): submission here is bounded, to specific human institutions, modeled on Christ’s own voluntary submission — never the totalizing, salvation-constituting submission that defines Islamic islam. |
| freedom / liberty | ἐλευθερία / eleutheria | kemerdekaan | Medium | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | (none) | Must be taught paired with submission_ordered_by_love so neither term is misread in isolation (freedom is not license; submission is not the denial of freedom). |
| slave/bondservant (of God) | δοῦλος / doulos | hamba | Medium | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | pelayan (rejected as too weak — loses full “slave” force) | Full-weight slave-language; paradoxical ground of true freedom. |
| suffering (imitative, believers’) | πάσχω / πάθημα (imitative sense) / paschō / pathēma | menderita / penderitaan | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | (none) | Modeled on, but never itself atoning for sin, unlike Christ’s suffering. |
| suffering (atoning, Christ’s) | πάσχω / πάθημα (atoning sense) / paschō / pathēma | menderita / penderitaan (with mandatory clarifying gloss) | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (none) | Same Greek verb as above; occurrences at 2:21b, 3:18, 4:1b require an explicit theologian-reviewed gloss distinguishing this unrepeatable atoning suffering from believers’ imitative, non-atoning suffering. |
| endurance | ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω / hypomonē / hypomenō | ketekunan / bertekun menanggung | High | Christlike Endurance | kepasrahan (forbidden in this sense — implies passive fatalistic resignation, too close to takdir framing) | Active, hope-fueled steadfastness modeled on Christ (2:21–24), not passive resignation. |
| Christ bore our sins | ἀναφέρω / anapherō | menanggung | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (none) | Sacrificial-cultic “bearing up” of sin’s guilt itself, echoing Isaiah 53. Opposite transfer-direction from baseline’s rejected pahala yang dikumpulkan (merit accumulated) — reinforces, does not duplicate, that baseline entry. |
| the cross (idiom) | ξύλον / xylon | kayu salib | Medium | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (none) | Established Indonesian idiom for the cross via Deuteronomy 21:23 echo; ensure not diluted to generic “wood.” |
| wound / healed | μώλωψ / ἰάομαι / mōlōps / iaomai | bilur / sembuh | Medium-High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | kesembuhan fisik semata (forbidden as sole reading) | Primarily spiritual healing from sin (Isaiah 53:5 context); guard against isolated prosperity-gospel physical-healing readings. |
| shepherd (Christ) | ποιμήν / poimēn | Gembala | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering; Elders and Humility | (none) | Christological title (2:25), foundation for elder-shepherding language in ch. 5. |
| overseer | ἐπίσκοπος / episkopos | Penilik / Pemelihara | High/Medium-High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering; Elders and Humility | (none) | Applied to Christ (2:25) and, via verb form, to elders (5:2). Church-office sense requires care distinguishing from hierarchical clerical authority. |
| conduct / way of life | ἀναστροφή / anastrophē | kelakuan / cara hidup | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | (none) | Governing keyword for observable holiness throughout the letter (1:15,18; 2:12; 3:1,2,16). |
| weaker vessel | σκεῦος (ἀσθενέστερον) / skeuos (asthenesteron) | yang lebih lemah | Medium-High | Holiness in Conduct; Submission to Authority | bekas/wadah (rejected — sounds objectifying in Indonesian) | Call to protective honor, not a claim of inferior worth or spiritual standing. Native-speaker/pastoral review flagged. |
| humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη / tapeinophrosynē | kerendahan hati | High | Elders and Humility | rendah diri (adat-based social deference, rejected as sole framing) | Directly paired with baseline grace at 5:5–6 (Proverbs 3:34): grace given to, not earned by, the humble. Theologically grounded, not merely socially conventional deference. |
| conscience | συνείδησις / syneidēsis | hati nurani | Medium | Holiness in Conduct; Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering (3:21) | rasa malu semata (rejected as sole equivalent) | Inner moral accountability before God, distinct from mere social shame-avoidance, though related to it in an honor-shame culture. |
| once for all | ἅπαξ / hapax | satu kali untuk selama-lamanya | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | berulang-ulang framing (forbidden) | Single adverb bearing the full weight of the finished-work-versus-repeated-ritual/deeds-tally contrast. |
| substitutionary suffering (the righteous for the unrighteous) | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων / dikaios hyper adikōn | yang benar untuk yang tidak benar | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (none) | The letter’s most compact substitution statement (3:18); teach with baseline justification/imputed_righteousness. |
| put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit | θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι / thanatōtheis sarki, zōopoiētheis pneumati | dibunuh secara tubuh/daging, tetapi dihidupkan oleh/dalam roh | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering; Resurrection of Christ (baseline) | dihidupkan secara rohani semata (forbidden if read as denying bodily resurrection) | Among the most exegetically debated clauses in the NT. Must never imply a merely non-bodily resurrection; teach alongside baseline resurrection (Critical, bodily/historical). Highest review tier. |
| proclamation to the spirits in prison | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ … ἐκήρυξεν / pneumata en phylakē … ekēryxen | roh-roh yang di dalam penjara … Ia memberitakan | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | menginjili (forbidden here — wrongly implies a gospel-invitation content not established by the text) | Single highest-caution passage in the curriculum. Mandatory interpretive-caution note: not a postmortem “second chance” doctrine; genuine scholarly disputed passage; any adopted interpretive view must be flagged as such, not presented as the text’s uncontested sense. |
| gospel preached to the dead | εὐαγγελίσθη νεκροῖς / euangelisthē nekrois | diberitakan Injil kepada orang-orang mati | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (linked, 4:6) | (none) | Directly linked to 3:19; same mandatory interpretive-caution note applies; must not imply postmortem salvation opportunity. |
| baptism (saves, clarified) | βάπτισμα … ἀντίτυπος / baptisma … antitypos | baptisan … gambaran/lambang yang sesuai | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (3:20–21 context); Salvation (baseline) | penghapusan dosa oleh ritual semata (forbidden — text itself denies this) | “Saves” only as the believing appeal of a good conscience through Christ’s resurrection, explicitly NOT as ritual-washing efficacy. Must avoid both an empty-symbol reading and a ritual-works-salvation reading. |
| appeal / pledge (of conscience) | ἐπερώτημα / eperōtēma | permohonan / ikrar | High | (linked to Baptism entry above) | permintaan biasa (rejected — too weak; this is a decisive covenantal appeal) | Bound up with the baptism clause; render with due covenantal weight. |
| fellowship in suffering | κοινωνέω (τοῖς παθήμασιν) / koinōneō (tois pathēmasin) | turut mengambil bagian dalam penderitaan (Kristus) | Medium-High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | persekutuan biasa (flag — must specify the weightier suffering-specific sense, not ordinary Low-risk fellowship) | Verb form of baseline fellowship root applied specifically to sharing in Christ’s sufferings; distinct weight from the ordinary Low-risk sense. |
| Christian (the name) | Χριστιανός / Christianos | orang Kristen | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake; Christian Identity in Christ (baseline) | (none) | Dual weight in Indonesia: spiritual identity in Christ AND an officially registered agama category on civil ID documents. Teach both dimensions; identity is ultimately grounded in Christ, not registration status. |
| elder (church office) | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | penatua | Medium-High | Elders and Humility | ulama/tokoh masyarakat framing (forbidden — imports non-Christian community-leader categories) | Recognized spiritual office, servant-shaped and humility-bounded, accountable to Christ the Chief Shepherd — distinguish from unqualified adat age-based deference. |
| Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην / archipoimēn | Gembala Agung | High | Elders and Humility | (none) | Christological title capping the shepherd-imagery cluster (2:25; 5:2); elders are accountable under-shepherds, never independent authorities. |
| unfading crown of glory | ἀμαράντινος στέφανος τῆς δόξης / amarantinos stephanos tēs doxēs | mahkota kemuliaan yang tidak dapat layu | Medium | Elders and Humility | mahkota yang diperoleh dengan usaha sendiri (forbidden framing) | A gracious commendation-reward, not independently earned wages; teach within grace-not-merit framework. |
Section C — Low-Risk / Standard Vocabulary (Automated Review Sufficient)
These new terms are recorded for completeness (full-book coverage) but carry minimal syncretism or doctrinal risk; automated/native-speaker review is sufficient.
| Term | Original / Transliteration | Indonesian Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| blessed (doxological) | εὐλογητός / eulogētos | Terpujilah | Standard liturgical opening, 1:3. |
| joy / rejoice greatly | ἀγαλλιάω / agalliaō | bersukacita | 1:6, 1:8, 4:13. |
| grief / grieved | λυπέω / lypeō | berdukacita | 1:6. |
| praise / honor | ἔπαινος, τιμή / epainos, timē | pujian, kehormatan | 1:7. |
| love (agape) | ἀγαπάω / agapaō | mengasihi | 1:8, 4:8. |
| soul | ψυχή / psychē | jiwa | 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19. |
| brotherly love | φιλαδελφία / philadelphia | kasih persaudaraan | 1:22, 3:8. |
| gentleness / meekness | πραΰς, ἡσύχιος / praus, hēsychios | lembut, tenang | 3:4. |
| desires / cravings | ἐπιθυμία / epithymia | hawa nafsu | 1:14, 2:11, 4:2–3. |
| idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία / eidōlolatria | penyembahan berhala | 4:3; rare point of convergence, not collision, with Islamic condemnation of shirk. |
| Creator | κτίστης / ktistēs | Pencipta | 4:19. |
| steward | οἰκονόμος / oikonomos | pengurus | 4:10. |
| hospitality | φιλοξενία / philoxenia | suka memberi tumpangan | 4:9. |
| patience / longsuffering | μακροθυμία / makrothymia | kesabaran | 3:20. |
| shame / put to shame | αἰσχύνη / aischynē | malu / dipermalukan | 3:16, 4:16 — flagged for native-speaker cultural (honor/shame) review per baseline convention, not doctrinal review. |
| adversary / devil | ἀντίδικος, διάβολος / antidikos, diabolos | Iblis | 5:8 — shared, compatible referent with Islamic tradition; brief awareness note only. |
| anxiety / care | μέριμνα / merimna | kekhawatiran | 5:7. |
| resist / stand firm | ἀνθίστημι, στερεός / anthistēmi, stereos | melawan, berdiri teguh | 5:9. |
| kiss of love (greeting) | φίλημα ἀγάπης / philēma agapēs | cium yang kudus | 5:14; established cultural-greeting rendering. |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2
- Highest-priority theologian-review terms (new to this curriculum, exceeding even most baseline Critical terms in interpretive difficulty):
holy_priesthood,royal_priesthood,submission_ordered_by_love,proclamation_to_spirits,baptism_saves_clarified, and the 3:18b “put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit” clause. These six require dedicated theologian sign-off separate from routine Critical-risk queue processing. - All [REUSED] baseline terms retain their exact baseline rendering, risk tier, and forbidden-substitution list without modification; this glossary only adds to, never edits, the baseline
translation_memory.json. - Terms in Section B are proposed for ingestion into
translation_memory.jsonas new entries (version increment) before any Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Peter begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in12_ai_translation_requirements.md. - Chapter coverage confirmation: 1 Peter 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 each contributed new load-bearing terms; no chapter is without new theological vocabulary, though chapter 4 is comparatively lighter, largely reusing chapters 1–3 vocabulary except for the 4:6 “gospel to the dead” crux and the “Christian” identity term.
Critical Risk Terms
Justification
Approved rendering: pembenaran
Transliteration: pembenaran
Doctrine: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Cross-referenced with 1 Peter 3:18’s dikaios hyper adikōn (the righteous for the unrighteous) and 2:24’s Christ bearing our sins, viewed from the substitute’s suffering rather than the believer’s credited status.
Salvation
Approved rendering: keselamatan
Transliteration: keselamatan
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs at 1 Peter 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2, 3:20-21, 4:18; every occurrence in the baptism (3:21) and gospel-to-the-dead (4:6) crux passages requires explicit framing distinguishing it from Islamic soteriology’s deeds-and-mercy judgment.
Apostle
Approved rendering: rasul
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:1 opens with the same self-designation as Romans 1:1; the identical Critical-risk translator note distinguishing the NT office from Islam’s closed prophetic line ending with Muhammad applies in full.
Lord
Approved rendering: Tuhan
Transliteration: Tuhan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs at 1 Peter 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:15, 5:14; reinforced by 3:22’s cosmic subjection of angels, authorities, and powers to Christ.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesias
Transliteration: Mesias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for the standalone titular sense of ‘Messiah’ when contrasted explicitly with the Quranic Isa al-Masih. See new term christ_name for the proper-name usage ‘Yesus Kristus’ that recurs constantly throughout 1 Peter.
Intercession
Approved rendering: doa syafaat
Transliteration: doa syafaat
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 1 Peter’s extant text but retained for full vocabulary consistency; carries an acute adjacency risk with 1 Peter 3:18-20’s proclamation-to-spirits passage, which must never be assimilated to Islamic syafaat intercession doctrine.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Yesus
Transliteration: Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 1 Peter constantly, frequently in the compound ‘Yesus Kristus.’ Never use Nabi Isa.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Kudus
Transliteration: Roh Kudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Named in 1 Peter 1:2’s opening Trinitarian formula, 1:11-12 (Spirit of Christ inspiring the prophets), and 4:14. Must be distinguished from Islam’s Ruh al-Qudus, generally identified with the created angel Gabriel.
Father
Approved rendering: Bapa
Transliteration: Bapa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 name God as Father; 1:17’s ‘if you call on him as Father’ pairs reverent fear with, not against, filial assurance.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: kebenaran yang diperhitungkan
Transliteration: kebenaran yang diperhitungkan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: pahala yang dikumpulkan
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Cross-referenced at 1 Peter 2:24 as the opposite-direction transfer: here Christ bears our sin (menanggung) rather than believers being credited righteousness — reinforcing, not duplicating, this baseline entry.
Christ Name
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
New entry for the proper-name usage of Χριστός as it recurs constantly throughout 1 Peter within ‘Yesus Kristus,’ consistent with the baseline’s own transliteration standard (Christ = Kristus). Distinct from the standalone doctrinal title messiah (Mesias), used only when the discrete Messianic claim is being contrasted with the Quranic Isa al-Masih.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: pengharapan yang hidup
Transliteration: elpis zōsa
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: hidup yang penuh pengharapan
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Eschatology
New term. THE named source-phrase of the core curriculum doctrine (1:3). Must be locked identically across every document, never diffused into TB’s looser clause. Must always be paired with kebangkitan (resurrection) and distinguished from Islamic eschatology’s outcome-uncertain hope pending a deeds-weighing verdict.
Blood Of Christ
Approved rendering: darah
Transliteration: haima
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Original: αἷμα
Category: Christology
New term. No acceptable substitute. Anchors all substitutionary-atonement teaching (1:2, 1:19; 2:24 by extension); no Islamic doctrinal equivalent to a blood-ransom for sin.
Redemption
Approved rendering: ditebus / penebusan
Transliteration: lytroō
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: dibebaskan
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
New term. Price-paying deliverance from sin’s bondage (1:18-19). No Islamic doctrinal equivalent; deliverance there depends on submission and deeds weighed against Allah’s mercy, not a ransom paid by a substitute.
Sacrificial Lamb
Approved rendering: anak domba yang tak bercela dan tak bercacat
Transliteration: amnos amōmos kai aspilos
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
New term. Fulfills Passover lamb and Isaiah 53 typology (1:19). Must be sharply distinguished from Islamic qurban (commemorative, non-atoning ritual sacrifice at Eid al-Adha).
Holy Priesthood
Approved rendering: imamat yang kudus
Transliteration: hierateuma hagion
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term. HIGHEST-RISK TERM IN THE CURRICULUM. The root imam collides directly with the everyday Indonesian/Arabic-loan title for the Muslim prayer leader. Mandatory theologian-reviewed note every occurrence: corporate identity of every believer, priestly access through Christ alone, never a specialized human-mediator office comparable to a mosque imam.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: imamat yang rajani
Transliteration: basileion hierateuma
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: kerajaan imam
Original: βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
New term. The literal source phrase for the named curriculum doctrine (2:9). Must be rendered identically across every curriculum document. Carries the same imam-collision note as holy_priesthood, plus clarification that ‘royal’ means sharing Christ’s own kingly access to God’s throne, not an earthly political monarchy.
Submission
Approved rendering: tunduk / taat
Transliteration: hypotassō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Ethics
New term. THE single most acute lexical-collision term in the entire curriculum: shares its conceptual root with the very name Islam (submission to Allah). No viable lexical substitute exists. Mandatory theologian review every load-bearing occurrence (2:13-17; 3:1, 22; 5:5): bounded submission to specific human institutions, for the Lord’s sake, modeled on Christ’s own voluntary submission — never the totalizing, salvation-constituting submission that defines Islamic islam.
Suffering Atoning
Approved rendering: menderita / penderitaan (dengan penjelasan wajib)
Transliteration: paschō / pathēma (hyper hamartiōn)
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: πάσχω / πάθημα (ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτιῶν)
Category: Christology
New term. Same Greek verb/noun as suffering_imitative; occurrences at 2:21b, 3:18, 4:1b require a mandatory theologian-reviewed clarifying gloss so that believers’ call to suffer is never confused with a claim that their own suffering atones for sin.
Christ Bore Our Sins
Approved rendering: menanggung
Transliteration: anapherō
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀναφέρω
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s personal, bodily bearing of the penalty and reality of believers’ sins (2:24), echoing Isaiah 53:4, 12. The transfer direction is opposite to, and reinforces, the baseline’s rejected imputed-righteousness alternative (pahala yang dikumpulkan).
Once For All
Approved rendering: satu kali untuk selama-lamanya
Transliteration: hapax
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: berulang-ulang framing
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Christology
New term. Single adverb (3:18) carrying the entire finished-work-versus-repeated-ritual/deeds-tally contrast. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence; lock full phrase, forbid any rendering implying repeatability.
Substitutionary Suffering
Approved rendering: yang benar untuk yang tidak benar
Transliteration: dikaios hyper adikōn
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Christology
New term. The letter’s most compact substitution statement (3:18); teach alongside baseline justification/imputed_righteousness as the same doctrinal reality viewed from the substitute’s own suffering.
Death Flesh Life Spirit
Approved rendering: dibunuh secara tubuh/daging, tetapi dihidupkan oleh/dalam roh
Transliteration: thanatōtheis sarki, zōopoiētheis pneumati
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: dihidupkan secara rohani semata
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology
New term. Among the most exegetically debated clauses in the NT (3:18b). Must never be rendered to suggest a merely non-bodily resurrection; teach alongside, never as a replacement for, baseline’s Critical-risk bodily/historical resurrection doctrine. Highest review tier.
Proclamation To Spirits
Approved rendering: roh-roh yang di dalam penjara … Ia memberitakan
Transliteration: pneumata en phylakē … ekēryxen
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: menginjili
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ … ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Eschatology
New term. Single highest-caution passage in the whole book (3:19-20). Use memberitakan (herald-announce), never menginjili. Mandatory theologian review with explicit note: not a postmortem ‘second chance’; a genuinely disputed passage; any adopted interpretive view must be flagged as a choice, not the text’s uncontested plain sense.
Gospel To The Dead
Approved rendering: diberitakan Injil kepada orang-orang mati
Transliteration: euangelisthē nekrois
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: εὐαγγελίσθη νεκροῖς
Category: Salvation
New term. Directly linked to 3:19 (4:6). Must not be taught as implying a postmortem ‘second chance’ for salvation, which would contradict the letter’s hapax framework and the Critical-risk salvation doctrine. Same mandatory interpretive-caution note as proclamation_to_spirits.
Baptism Saves Clarified
Approved rendering: baptisan … gambaran/lambang yang sesuai
Transliteration: baptisma … antitypos
Doctrine: Baptism as the Appeal of a Good Conscience
Rejected alternatives: penghapusan dosa oleh ritual semata
Original: βάπτισμα … ἀντίτυπος
Category: Salvation
New term. Baptism (3:20-21) as the fulfillment-counterpart of Noah’s flood deliverance, saving only as the appeal of a good conscience, not ritual-washing efficacy — the verse itself denies this. Must avoid both an empty-symbol reading and a ritual-works-salvation reading paralleling wudhu-as-precondition thinking. Mandatory theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar baik
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Peter, anchor to the specific proclamation of Christ’s suffering, resurrection, and living hope (1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17), never a generic label for a scripture given to Isa.
Grace
Approved rendering: anugerah
Transliteration: anugerah
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: rahmat, pahala
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout 1 Peter (1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 2:19-20, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12); paired directly with kerendahan hati (humility) at 5:5-6 quoting Proverbs 3:34.
Faith
Approved rendering: iman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:21, 5:9 anchor iman to trust in the risen Christ specifically, tested and proven genuine through cobaan (trial), not generic religious assent.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kebenaran
Transliteration: kebenaran
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Peter 2:24, 3:14, 3:18’s suffering-for-righteousness’-sake and substitutionary-suffering doctrines.
Adoption
Approved rendering: pengangkatan sebagai anak
Transliteration: pengangkatan sebagai anak
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Cross-referenced with 1 Peter 1:4’s inheritance (warisan): believers possess a secure inheritance because they are adopted children, not because of accumulated merit.
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not itself used in 1 Peter’s extant text but retained for cross-reference consistency with the inheritance/adoption doctrine cluster (1:4, 1:14, 1:17).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: kebangkitan
Transliteration: kebangkitan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds the Living Hope doctrine at 1 Peter 1:3 and recurs at 1:21, 3:21; must always be taught as bodily and historical, especially at 3:18b’s contested flesh/spirit clause.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ketaatan iman
Transliteration: ketaatan iman
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ketaatan syariat
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly quoted in 1 Peter but retained for vocabulary consistency with the letter’s broader obedience-flowing-from-faith emphasis (1:2, 1:14, 1:22).
Prophet
Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter’s own doctrine registry routes this at High risk because 1:10-12 directly concerns OT prophets searching out the salvation later revealed in Christ; must not be read as part of Islam’s closed prophetic line ending with Muhammad.
Covenant
Approved rendering: perjanjian
Transliteration: perjanjian
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη (conceptual, via ῥαντισμός)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Peter 1:2’s sprinkling-of-blood covenant-ratification echo of Exodus 24:8.
God
Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 1 Peter; risk lies in surrounding vocabulary (rasul, nabi, imamat, tunduk/taat), not in the term Allah itself.
Mercy
Approved rendering: rahmat
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: belas kasihan
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New term. Established TB rendering retained despite being the exact name of two central Islamic attributes of Allah (Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim), because eleos is genuinely distinct from charis/grace and this is the wider TB tradition’s existing choice. Mandatory teaching note every occurrence (1:3; cf. 2:10) anchoring it to God’s specific, historical, once-for-all act causing new birth through Christ’s resurrection, not Allah’s general mercy weighed against deeds at judgment.
New Birth
Approved rendering: dilahirkan kembali / kelahiran baru
Transliteration: anagennaō
Doctrine: New Birth and Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: pertobatan
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
New term. God’s monergistic act of causing spiritual rebirth, grounded in Christ’s resurrection (1:3) and the living word (1:23). No Islamic doctrinal equivalent; must not be flattened into pertobatan (a human conversion decision).
Trial Testing
Approved rendering: cobaan
Transliteration: peirasmos
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: godaan
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Ethics
New term. External, varied, God-permitted hardship (1:6-7) that proves, not earns, already-given faith; must be distinguished from fatalistic takdir-style reading and from a deeds-tally bala framework.
Exile Sojourner
Approved rendering: pendatang
Transliteration: parepidēmos
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: orang kafir, imigran
Original: παρεπίδημος
Category: Church
New term. Spiritual, not literal-legal, alienation from the present order (1:1, 1:17, 2:11); must not devalue legitimate citizenship or registered agama identity.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: pengetahuan Allah yang telah ada sebelumnya
Transliteration: prognōsis
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: takdir
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God
New term. The Father’s personal, purposive foreknowing love grounding election (1:1-2); never takdir/qadar, the impersonal fixed decree of Islamic theology.
Sprinkling
Approved rendering: percikan darah
Transliteration: rhantismos
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: penyucian ritual
Original: ῥαντισμός
Category: Covenant
New term. Covenant-ratification and purification vocabulary echoing Exodus 24:8 and Ezekiel 36:25 (1:2); must retain covenant-ratification sense, not a stand-alone ritual cleansing rite.
Manifested
Approved rendering: dinyatakan
Transliteration: phaneroō
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Original: φανερόω
Category: Christology
New term. Same theological event as baseline incarnation doctrine, viewed from the angle of God’s eternal foreordaining plan (1:20); requires the same tanzih-related teaching note.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: batu yang hidup
Transliteration: lithos zōn
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church
New term. Christological building-metaphor (2:4-8); must not suggest literal stone-veneration given Indonesian folk-religious associations with sacred stones (batu keramat).
Spiritual Sacrifice
Approved rendering: korban rohani
Transliteration: thysia pneumatikē
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: korban binatang / qurban-equivalent framing
Original: θυσία πνευματική
Category: Church
New term. The whole transformed life offered through Christ’s mediation (2:5); distinct from Islamic ritual animal sacrifice (qurban) as an independently meritorious act.
Chosen People
Approved rendering: bangsa yang terpilih / bangsa yang kudus / umat kepunyaan Allah sendiri
Transliteration: genos eklekton / ethnos hagion / laos eis peripoiēsin
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
New term. Exodus 19:5-6 / Isaiah 43:20-21 echo (2:9); the ethnos hagion sense (church as ‘holy nation’) must be distinguished in teaching notes from the baseline gentiles sense of the same Greek root — same root, different referent and doctrine.
Suffering Imitative
Approved rendering: menderita / penderitaan
Transliteration: paschō / pathēma
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχω / πάθημα
Category: Ethics
New term. Believers’ non-atoning suffering modeled on Christ’s example (2:19-20; 3:14, 17; 4:1a, 13, 15-16, 19; 5:9-10). Never itself atoning for sin, unlike Christ’s suffering — see suffering_atoning.
Endurance
Approved rendering: ketekunan / bertekun menanggung
Transliteration: hypomonē / hypomenō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: kepasrahan
Original: ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω
Category: Ethics
New term. Active, purposeful steadfastness modeled on Christ (2:21-24); forbid kepasrahan, which implies passive fatalistic resignation resembling takdir-style acceptance.
Wound Healed
Approved rendering: bilur / sembuh
Transliteration: mōlōps / iaomai
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: kesembuhan fisik semata
Original: μώλωψ / ἰάομαι
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s scourging wounds and the healing they secure (2:24, quoting Isaiah 53:5) is primarily spiritual healing from sin’s guilt and power; guard against an isolated prosperity-gospel physical-healing reading.
Shepherd Christ
Approved rendering: Gembala
Transliteration: poimēn
Doctrine: Christ as Shepherd and Overseer of Souls
Original: ποιμήν
Category: Christology
New term. Christological title (2:25); Christ as the Shepherd to whom straying sheep return; foundation for elder-shepherding language in chapter 5.
Overseer
Approved rendering: Penilik / Pemelihara
Transliteration: episkopos / episkopeō
Doctrine: Christ as Shepherd and Overseer of Souls
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπέω
Category: Ministry
New term. Applied to Christ (2:25) and, via verb form, to elders’ pastoral oversight (5:2); the church-office sense must be distinguished from independent hierarchical clerical authority.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: yang lebih lemah
Transliteration: skeuos (asthenesteron)
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: bekas/wadah
Original: σκεῦος (ἀσθενέστερον)
Category: Ethics
New term. Call to protective honor and joint heirship (3:7), not a claim of inferior worth or spiritual standing; flagged for mandatory pastoral/native-speaker review given ongoing conversations about gender roles in Indonesian churches.
Humility
Approved rendering: kerendahan hati
Transliteration: tapeinophrosynē
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: rendah diri
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Ministry
New term. Directly paired with baseline grace (anugerah) at 5:5-6 (Proverbs 3:34 citation): grace given to, not earned by, the humble. Distinguish from adat-based social deference to age/status alone.
Appeal Of Conscience
Approved rendering: permohonan / ikrar
Transliteration: eperōtēma
Doctrine: Baptism as the Appeal of a Good Conscience
Rejected alternatives: permintaan biasa
Original: ἐπερώτημα
Category: Salvation
New term. Bound up with the baptism clause (3:21b); a decisive, covenantal appeal/pledge to God, not a weak ordinary request.
Fellowship In Suffering
Approved rendering: turut mengambil bagian dalam penderitaan Kristus
Transliteration: koinōneō (tois pathēmasin)
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: κοινωνέω (τοῖς παθήμασιν)
Category: Church
New term. Verb form of the baseline fellowship root applied specifically to sharing in Christ’s sufferings (4:13); distinct, weightier sense than the ordinary Low-risk fellowship entry.
Christian Name
Approved rendering: orang Kristen
Transliteration: Christianos
Doctrine: Christian Identity and Suffering for the Name
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church
New term. Dual weight in Indonesia (4:16): a spiritual identity grounded in union with Christ, AND an officially registered agama category on civil ID documents (KTP). Teach that ultimate identity is grounded in Christ, not registration status.
Elder Office
Approved rendering: penatua
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: ulama/tokoh masyarakat framing
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Ministry
New term. Recognized, servant-shaped spiritual office (5:1-5), accountable to Christ the Chief Shepherd — distinguish from unqualified adat age-based deference and from Islamic ulama/community-leader categories.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: Gembala Agung
Transliteration: archipoimēn
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
New term. Christological title (5:4) capping the shepherd-imagery cluster (2:25; 5:2); elders are accountable under-shepherds, never independent authorities.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: yang dipanggil
Transliteration: yang dipanggil
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across 1 Peter 1:15 (called to holiness), 2:9 (called out of darkness), 2:21 (called to suffer), 3:9 (called to bless), 5:10 (called to eternal glory).
Calling
Approved rendering: panggilan
Transliteration: panggilan
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Standard noun form for the state of being called.
Holy
Approved rendering: kudus
Transliteration: kudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: suci
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors the direct Leviticus 11:44/19:2 citation at 1 Peter 1:15-16 and the holy-priesthood/holy-nation language of 2:5, 2:9.
Saints
Approved rendering: orang-orang kudus
Transliteration: orang-orang kudus
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the corporate holiness identity developed throughout 1 Peter 2, though 1 Peter favors the fuller ‘holy priesthood/holy nation’ phrasing over the bare noun.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pengudusan
Transliteration: pengudusan
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Named explicitly in 1 Peter 1:2’s opening Trinitarian formula (sanctification of the Spirit).
Peace
Approved rendering: damai sejahtera
Transliteration: damai sejahtera
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Closing benediction at 1 Peter 5:14, tied to identity in Christ.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: karunia rohani
Transliteration: karunia rohani
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:10 frames gifts as entrusted stewardship of God’s varied grace (poikilē charis), not merit-earned powers.
Church
Approved rendering: jemaat
Transliteration: jemaat
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: gereja
Original: ἐκκλησία (conceptual; realized as ποίμνιον/flock in 1 Peter)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 5:2 depicts the church as a flock (kawanan domba) under elder-shepherds.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kerajaan Allah
Transliteration: Kerajaan Allah
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασίλειον (root, 2:9)
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the ‘royal’ (rajani) element of 1 Peter 2:9’s royal priesthood doctrine; distinguish from an earthly political kerajaan.
Law
Approved rendering: Hukum Taurat
Transliteration: Hukum Taurat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: syariat
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly discussed in 1 Peter’s extant text but retained for full-book vocabulary consistency should household-code or OT-citation passages require it.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 1 Peter 2:20, 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1’s substitutionary-suffering statements.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: bangsa-bangsa lain
Transliteration: bangsa-bangsa lain
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: orang kafir
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. At 1 Peter 2:9 the same Greek root (ethnos) is reapplied to the church itself as ‘a holy nation’ — a distinct sense requiring a note that this is not the ethnic-Gentile category. See new term chosen_people.
Glory
Approved rendering: kemuliaan
Transliteration: kemuliaan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs densely throughout 1 Peter 1, 4, and 5 in connection with suffering-then-glory patterns.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: kuasa Allah
Transliteration: kuasa Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5 — God’s personal power guarding (phroureō) the inheritance until salvation is revealed.
Election
Approved rendering: pemilihan
Transliteration: pemilihan
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: takdir
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Base rendering remains Medium per baseline; escalated contextually to High at 1 Peter 1:1-2 and 2:9 when paired with foreknowledge (see new term foreknowledge).
Providence
Approved rendering: pemeliharaan Allah
Transliteration: pemeliharaan Allah
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: takdir
Original: θέλημα Θεοῦ / κτίστης (conceptual)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:19 explicitly names God as a ‘faithful Creator’ (Pencipta yang setia) entrusting souls to him amid suffering; also underlies 5:10-11’s restorative doxology.
Mission
Approved rendering: pekabaran Injil
Transliteration: pekabaran Injil
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: misi
Inherited from Romans package. Not a dominant explicit theme in 1 Peter’s extant text but retained for vocabulary consistency; 2:9’s ‘that you may proclaim’ echoes this doctrine.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:1’s diaspora address reapplies Israel’s scattering-identity language to the (largely Gentile) church; teach as a reapplied metaphor, not an ethnic-continuity claim.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: warisan
Transliteration: klēronomia
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: pahala
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
New term. Secure, imperishable future possession of adopted children (1:4); teach alongside baseline adoption doctrine, never as wages or merit accumulated toward judgment.
Guarded Protected
Approved rendering: dijaga
Transliteration: phroureō
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: ditakdirkan
Original: φρουρέω
Category: Salvation
New term. Military-garrison image of God’s personal, active protection of a secured salvation (1:5); never impersonal fixed decree (takdir).
Tested Genuineness
Approved rendering: kemurnian iman yang teruji
Transliteration: dokimion
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Faith
New term. Refining-fire metaphor (1:7); the trial proves an already-given iman, it does not create merit toward salvation. Lock full phrase; do not abbreviate.
Dispersion
Approved rendering: perantauan
Transliteration: diaspora
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: διασπορά
Category: Church
New term. Reapplication of Israel’s scattering-language to the church (1:1); teach as reapplied metaphor, not ethnic-continuity claim.
Purify Moral
Approved rendering: menyucikan
Transliteration: hagnizō
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἁγνίζω
Category: Sanctification
New term. Inward, truth-obedience-driven purification (1:22); distinct from repeated ritual purification (wudhu, ghusl) as a precondition for valid worship.
Freedom
Approved rendering: kemerdekaan
Transliteration: eleutheria
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Ethics
New term. Believers’ freedom (2:16), bounded by service to God; must be taught paired with submission so neither term is misread in isolation.
Slave Of God
Approved rendering: hamba
Transliteration: doulos Theou
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: pelayan
Original: δοῦλος Θεοῦ
Category: Ethics
New term. Full-weight bondservant status (2:16); retain strong ‘slave/bondservant’ sense, do not weaken to generic ‘helper/servant.‘
Cross Idiom
Approved rendering: kayu salib
Transliteration: xylon
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ξύλον
Category: Christology
New term. Established Indonesian idiom for the cross (2:24), echoing Deuteronomy 21:23; ensure not diluted to a generic reference to timber.
Conduct Way Of Life
Approved rendering: kelakuan / cara hidup
Transliteration: anastrophē
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Ethics
New term. Governing keyword for observable holiness throughout the letter (1:15, 18; 2:12; 3:1, 2, 16); standardize rendering consistently across all occurrences.
Conscience
Approved rendering: hati nurani
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: rasa malu semata
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
New term. Inner moral accountability before God (2:19; 3:16, 21), distinct from mere social shame-avoidance (malu), though related to it in an honor-shame culture.
Unfading Crown
Approved rendering: mahkota kemuliaan yang tidak dapat layu
Transliteration: amarantinos stephanos tēs doxēs
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: mahkota yang diperoleh dengan usaha sendiri
Original: ἀμαράντινος στέφανος τῆς δόξης
Category: Eschatology
New term. A gracious commendation-reward (5:4), not wages earned independent of grace; teach within the grace-not-merit framework.
Soul
Approved rendering: jiwa
Transliteration: psychē
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ψυχή
Category: Salvation
New term. The whole inner person, not a detachable immaterial part opposed to the body (1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19); teach alongside salvation doctrine so as not to suggest a body/soul dualism diminishing bodily resurrection.
Devil Adversary
Approved rendering: Iblis
Transliteration: antidikos / diabolos
Doctrine: Resisting the Devil
Original: ἀντίδικος / διάβολος
Category: Ethics
New term. An active, personal spiritual adversary to be resisted (5:8), not an impersonal force; Iblis is shared, broadly compatible vocabulary with Islamic tradition’s own tempter-figure, requiring only a brief awareness note.
Creator
Approved rendering: Pencipta
Transliteration: ktistēs
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Power and Eternal Glory
Original: κτίστης
Category: God
New term. God as personal, faithful Creator to whom souls are entrusted amid suffering (4:19); shared ground with Islamic creator-God emphasis, but must retain the letter’s personal, faithful (pistos ktistēs) framing, not an impersonal First Cause.
Shame Put To Shame
Approved rendering: malu / dipermalukan
Transliteration: aischynē / kataischynō
Doctrine: Conscience and Christian Witness
New term. Recurring honor-shame vocabulary (2:6; 3:16; 4:16); genuinely load-bearing given Indonesia’s honor-shame-inflected social dynamics; flagged for native-speaker cultural review.
Desires Cravings
Approved rendering: hawa nafsu
Transliteration: epithymia
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
New term. Former, sinful desires characterizing pre-conversion ‘ignorance’ (1:14, 2:11, 4:2-3); shared, not competing, vocabulary with Islamic ethical usage — ensure context always specifies former/sinful desires, not desire as such.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ucapan syukur
Transliteration: ucapan syukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package. Not a dominant explicit theme in 1 Peter, but retained for full-book vocabulary consistency; doxological tone pervades 1:3 and 4:11.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: persekutuan
Transliteration: persekutuan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία / κοινωνέω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ordinary sense is Low risk; see the new term fellowship_in_suffering for the weightier sense applied specifically to sharing in Christ’s sufferings at 4:13.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: nubuat
Transliteration: nubuat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:10-12.
Exhort
Approved rendering: menasihati
Transliteration: menasihati
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Applicable to 1 Peter 5:1’s elder exhortation and 5:12’s closing exhortation.
Blessed Doxological
Approved rendering: Terpujilah
Transliteration: eulogētos
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: εὐλογητός
Category: God
New term. Standard, well-established liturgical Indonesian Christian usage opening 1 Peter 1:3.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: kasih persaudaraan
Transliteration: philadelphia
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Unity
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
New term. Love characteristic of blood-siblings, applied to the church family (1:22, 3:8); flows from the shared new birth.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: penyembahan berhala
Transliteration: eidōlolatria
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
New term. A rare point of convergence, not collision, with Islamic condemnation of shirk (4:3); no forbidden-substitution risk.
Steward
Approved rendering: pengurus
Transliteration: oikonomos
Doctrine: Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts
New term. Gifts entrusted as stewardship of God’s grace (4:10), to be used in service, not personal accumulation of credit.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: suka memberi tumpangan
Transliteration: philoxenia
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Unity
New term. Standard ethical vocabulary (4:9); minimal doctrinal risk.
Patience Longsuffering
Approved rendering: kesabaran
Transliteration: makrothymia
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
New term. God’s forbearance before judgment in Noah’s day (3:20); standard vocabulary.
Joy Rejoice
Approved rendering: bersukacita
Transliteration: agalliaō
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
New term. Intense, exultant rejoicing (1:6, 1:8, 4:13), grounded in the living hope, not present circumstances.
Grief
Approved rendering: berdukacita
Transliteration: lypeō
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
New term. Emotional grief under trial (1:6); milder than, and distinct from, atoning suffering.
Praise Honor
Approved rendering: pujian, kehormatan
Transliteration: epainos, timē
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
New term. The outcome of tested faith is God’s commendation (1:7), not self-congratulation.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: mengasihi
Transliteration: agapaō
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
New term. Love for the unseen Christ (1:8), grounded in and inseparable from faith.
Gentleness Meekness
Approved rendering: lembut, tenang
Transliteration: praus, hēsychios
Doctrine: Marital and Household Conduct
New term. Inward character valued over external ornamentation (3:4); value-reordering relevant to modesty-without-legalism teaching.
Anxiety Care
Approved rendering: kekhawatiran
Transliteration: merimna
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Power and Eternal Glory
New term. Standard vocabulary (5:7); casting anxiety on God who cares personally.
Resist Stand Firm
Approved rendering: melawan, berdiri teguh
Transliteration: anthistēmi, stereos
Doctrine: Resisting the Devil
New term. Active resistance to the personal adversary (5:9); standard vocabulary.
Kiss Of Love
Approved rendering: cium yang kudus
Transliteration: philēma agapēs
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Mutual Unity
New term. Established Indonesian Bible convention for the cultural greeting custom (5:14); consistent with baseline Romans 16:16 rendering.
Angel
Approved rendering: malaikat
Transliteration: angelos
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Scripture
New term. Angels longing to understand the gospel (1:12); malaikat is shared vocabulary with Islamic angelology, requiring only a brief clarifying note, not a Critical flag.
Referenced passages