Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 John
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the full book (Prescript 1:1-3, Core Passage 1:4-11, Conclusion 1:12-13). Terms already established in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation memory are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and must not be altered. New terms are marked [NEW — proposed for translation memory] with a recommended risk tier for doctrine_risk_registry.json and bible_term_registry.json integration.
Section A: Terms Reused from Baseline (No Deviation Permitted)
| English Term | Greek | Ukrainian Term | Risk Tier (Baseline) | Doctrine(s) in 2 John | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Love | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω | любов | High | Walking in Truth and Love | vv. 1, 3, 5, 6; must remain “committed active good,” not sentiment |
| Grace | χάρις | благодать | Critical | Prescript greeting | v. 3; distinct from ἔλεος (mercy) — see милість below |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | мир | High | Prescript greeting | v. 3; retains baseline’s wartime-resonance caution |
| Father | πατήρ | Отець | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love; Perseverance in Teaching of Christ | vv. 3, 4, 9 |
| God | θεός | Бог | Critical | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | v. 9, “does not have God” |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Ісус | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | v. 7 |
| Christ | Χριστός | Христос | Critical (per Messiah entry) | Warning against Deceivers; Perseverance | vv. 3, 7, 9 |
| Son of God | υἱὸς τοῦ πατρός / υἱός | Син Божий | Medium | Prescript greeting; Perseverance | v. 3, “Son of the Father”; v. 9, “has the Son” |
| Flesh (incarnational sense) | σάρξ | тіло | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | v. 7; positive/incarnational sense — disambiguate explicitly from Galatians’ negative ethical σάρξ sense |
| Fellowship (positive sense) | κοινωνία | спілкування | Low | Contrast term only | Cited to distinguish from v. 11’s negative κοινωνέω — see Section B |
| Election / elect | ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλεκτή | обрання (root); вибраний/вибрана (adj.) | High | Prescript greeting | vv. 1, 13, “elect lady,” “elect sister” |
| Incarnation (doctrine name) | — | втілення | Medium | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Background doctrine reference for v. 7 |
Section B: New Terms Introduced by 2 John (Proposed for Translation Memory)
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Ukrainian Term | Risk Tier | Doctrine(s) | Key Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | правда | High | Walking in Truth and Love (all four doctrines touch it) | Collision with wartime patriotic “наша правда” resonance and with праведність’s root; must center on right confession of Christ, not juridical or patriotic “truth/justice” |
| Commandment | ἐντολή | entolē | заповідь | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | Confirms baseline’s existing convention reserving заповідь for individual commandments |
| Walk / conduct oneself | περιπατέω | peripateō | ходити | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | Metaphorical use needs first-occurrence gloss for readers unfamiliar with the idiom |
| Deceiver | πλάνος | planos | обманець / обманці | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Colloquial “swindler/con-artist” sense risks flattening doctrinal apostasy into consumer-fraud register |
| Antichrist | ἀντίχριστος | antichristos | антихрист | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Popular apocalyptic-fiction associations (a single future tyrant) obscure John’s “many antichrists, already now” framing |
| Confess / acknowledge | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | визнавати | Medium | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Must not be confused with сповідь (sacramental confession of sin) |
| Teaching / doctrine of Christ | διδαχή | didachē | вчення (Христове) | Critical | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Collision with Передання (Holy Tradition) framework in Orthodox/Greek Catholic theology; must be stated explicitly as the fixed apostolic gospel content about Christ |
| Abide / remain | μένω | menō | перебувати (preferred) / пробувати (Ohienko citation form) | Critical | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | пробувати’s modern meaning “to try/attempt” risks inverting the doctrine’s meaning from settled perseverance to tentative effort |
| Share in / partner with (negative sense) | κοινωνέω | koinōneō | бути спільником / поділяти | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Must be lexically distinct from спілкування (positive fellowship, baseline Low risk) to avoid conflating complicity-in-evil with the beloved fellowship concept |
| Receive into the house | λαμβάνω εἰς οἰκίαν | lambanō eis oikian | приймати до дому/оселі | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Collides with Ukraine’s strong hospitality ethic and current wartime IDP/refugee-hosting reality; scope must be narrowed explicitly to doctrinal endorsement, never generalized to inhospitality toward the vulnerable |
| Say “Greetings!” / welcome formally | χαίρειν λέγειν | chairein legein | вітати | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Refusal is a considered doctrinal non-endorsement, not license for personal coldness |
| Elder (self-designation) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | старець | High | Prescript / authorial voice | Modern colloquial “beggar” sense vs. elevated Orthodox monastic-eldership sense; both distort the plain epistolary self-designation |
| Elect lady | ἐκλεκτῇ κυρίᾳ | eklektē kyria | вибрана пані | Medium | Prescript greeting | Individual-vs-personified-church ambiguity requires translator note |
| Elect sister | ἀδελφῆς … ἐκλεκτῆς | adelphēs eklektēs | вибрана сестра | Medium | Conclusion | Same ambiguity as “elect lady” |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | милість | Medium | Prescript greeting | Correct term for ἔλεος specifically; must not be conflated with, nor substitute for, благодать (grace) in either direction |
| Full reward | μισθὸν πλήρη | misthon plērē | повна нагорода | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Must be framed as fruit of grace-enabled perseverance, not merit earning salvation |
| Lose (forfeit) | ἀπόλλυμι | apollymi | втратити | Low-Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Object is the “reward,” not salvation itself — avoid conflating the two |
| Watch yourselves | βλέπετε ἑαυτούς | blepete heautous | пильнуйте себе / вважайте на себе | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Render pastorally, not as anxious self-policing |
| Go beyond / transgress | προάγω | proagōn | виходить за межі / переступає | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Textual variant note required (προάγων vs. παραβαίνων); preserve the “false progress” irony |
| Evil works/deeds | ἔργα πονηρά | erga ponēra | лихі діла / злі вчинки | Low-Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Straightforward |
| World | κόσμος | kosmos | світ | Low | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Standard; low Ukraine-specific risk |
| Go out (of deceivers) | ἐξέρχομαι | exerchomai | вийшли (у світ) | Low-Medium | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | May imply prior association with the community — note for exposition |
| Ask / request | ἐρωτάω | erōtaō | прошу | Low | Walking in Truth and Love | Courteous appeal, not command |
| From the beginning | ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς | ap’ archēs | від початку | Low | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Reinforces fixed apostolic deposit, not new revelation |
| One another | ἀλλήλους | allēlous | одне одного | Low | Walking in Truth and Love | Standard |
| Hear (receive a message) | ἀκούω | akouō | чути / почули | Low | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Standard |
| Have (relationship with God) | ἔχω | echō | мати | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Doctrinal weight carried by exposition, not lexical choice |
| Does not bring (teaching) | φέρω (οὐ φέρει) | ou pherei | не приносить | Low-Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Doctrinal test, not general character test |
| Paper and ink | χάρτης καὶ μέλαν | chartēs kai melan | папір і чорнило | Low | Conclusion | Minor cultural/historical detail |
| Face to face (idiom) | στόμα πρὸς στόμα | stoma pros stoma | особисто / уста до уст | Low | Conclusion | особисто preferred for exposition; уста до уст for Scripture-citation register |
| Joy fulfilled/complete | χαρὰ πεπληρωμένη | chara peplērōmenē | повна радість | Low | Conclusion | Standard |
Section C: Escalation Summary for Phase 2 Routing
Mandatory human theologian review (Critical/High): правда (truth), обманець (deceiver), антихрист (antichrist), тіло (flesh, incarnational sense — extends baseline Critical entry), вчення Христове (teaching of Christ), перебувати/пробувати (abide/remain), бути спільником/поділяти (negative-sense partnership), приймати до дому (receive into house), старець (elder).
Native speaker review recommended (Medium): заповідь (commandment), ходити (walk), визнавати (confess), вітати (say greetings), вибрана пані/сестра (elect lady/sister), милість (mercy), повна нагорода (full reward), пильнуйте себе (watch yourselves), виходить за межі (goes beyond — textual note), мати (has [God]).
Automated review sufficient (Low): світ (world), одне одного (one another), прошу (ask), від початку (from the beginning), чути (hear), папір і чорнило (paper and ink), особисто (face to face), повна радість (full joy), лихі діла (evil works), втратити (lose), вийшли (went out), не приносить (does not bring).
This glossary extends, and must never contradict, translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json from the Romans/Galatians baseline. All Section A terms are locked. Section B terms are proposed additions pending Phase 1 Step 2+ doctrine risk registry integration.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blahodat’
Doctrine: Grace, Mercy, and Peace in Greeting
Rejected alternatives: милість, талан, щастя
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly (baseline doctrine: Grace). CRITICAL: in 2 John 1:3’s triadic greeting (grace, mercy, peace), благодать must remain lexically and conceptually distinct from милість (mercy, ἔλεος, see ‘mercy’ entry below) in BOTH directions — χάρις and ἔλεος are genuinely distinct Greek terms and must never be treated as interchangeable synonyms.
Christ
Approved rendering: Христос
Transliteration: Khrystos
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW entry extending the baseline’s existing messiah/Месія treatment (Христос functions as Jesus’ effective surname in everyday Ukrainian). 2 John 1:7’s use requires the title’s full messianic-incarnational weight to be explicitly re-surfaced — the deceivers deny that ‘Jesus Christ’ (the promised Anointed One) came in real flesh, not merely that a generic religious teacher named Jesus existed. Paired consistently with Ісус per baseline transliteration standards.
Flesh
Approved rendering: тіло
Transliteration: tilo
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: плоть (acceptable only in more elevated/poetic register contexts, not as the default expository term)
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly (baseline doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit, Galatians 5:13-24, negative ethical sense). CRITICAL EXTENSION: in 2 John 1:7 (‘Jesus Christ coming in the flesh’), тіло renders σάρξ in its POSITIVE, incarnational sense — Christ’s real, good, physical human body, doctrinally essential and to be affirmed — the direct opposite theological pole from Galatians’ condemned, corrupted-nature sense. Both senses share the identical Ukrainian word. This passage’s affirmation must never bleed into, or be read alongside, Galatians’ condemnation of ‘flesh’ as sinful nature; a mandatory cross-document disambiguation note is required at first occurrence in every 2 John lesson unit. This dovetails positively with the Orthodox/Greek Catholic traditions’ strong icon theology and bodily-resurrection doctrine, a genuine asset once the disambiguation is explicit. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
Teaching Of Christ
Approved rendering: вчення Христове
Transliteration: vchennya Khrystove
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: διδαχή τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. CRITICAL: вчення Христове (2 John 1:9) sits at the exact collision point already flagged Critical/High in the baseline’s inspiration-of-scripture doctrine. Orthodox and Greek Catholic traditions hold Scripture as authoritative jointly with Передання (Holy Tradition: councils, patristic interpretation, liturgy), while this curriculum’s Protestant framing treats ‘the teaching of Christ’ as fixed, closed apostolic content sufficient in itself. The warning against ‘going beyond’ this teaching could be read as departure from Scripture alone, or as compatible with Tradition-guided doctrinal development, depending on the reader’s formation. Must be stated explicitly as this curriculum’s own chosen position, never assumed as shared ground, exactly as the baseline requires for grace, salvation, and sanctification.
Abide Remain
Approved rendering: перебувати (expository) / пробувати (Ohienko citation form)
Transliteration: perebuvaty / probuvaty
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: μένω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. CRITICAL: Ohienko’s own пробувати (used in the parallel 1 John 2:24, 27 passages) is, in modern spoken and written Ukrainian, overwhelmingly understood as ‘to try, to attempt’ (пробувати їжу — to taste food; пробувати щось зробити — to attempt to do something). A reader encountering ‘не пробуває у вченні Христовому’ risks hearing ‘does not try/attempt the teaching of Christ’ rather than ‘does not remain steadfastly in the teaching of Christ’ — nearly inverting the verse’s doctrinal weight from settled perseverance to tentative effort. перебувати is REQUIRED as the primary expository rendering; пробувати is reserved strictly for direct citation contexts matching an existing Ohienko-based Scripture quotation, with a mandatory glossing note attached every single time. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Love
Approved rendering: любов
Transliteration: lyubov
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly (baseline doctrine: Faith Working through Love, Galatians 5:6, 13-14). Must be defined explicitly as committed active good, not primarily feeling, given любов’s crowded semantic neighborhood (romantic/familial/patriotic/neighbor-love all sharing one word in Ukrainian). Extended in 2 John 1:1, 3, 5, 6: love IS walking in obedience to God’s commandments (1:6), the substance of the commandment received ‘from the beginning,’ not a separable virtue or sentiment.
Peace
Approved rendering: мир
Transliteration: myr
Doctrine: Grace, Mercy, and Peace in Greeting
Rejected alternatives: спокій, затишшя
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly (baseline doctrine: Peace with God). Retains full baseline wartime caution: since 2022, мир carries exceptionally heavy, immediate weight as the opposite of the ongoing war, dominating daily conversation and news. In 2 John 1:3, this verse’s relational, benedictory sense (peace ‘from God the Father and from Jesus Christ’) must be kept distinct from the urgent political/ceasefire sense readers will inevitably bring to the word.
Election
Approved rendering: обрання
Transliteration: obrannya
Doctrine: Election and God’s Chosen People
Rejected alternatives: доля, фатум, приречення (use only with careful qualification)
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly (baseline doctrine: Effectual Calling). Root extended in 2 John into new adjectival forms: вибрана пані (1:1) and вибрана сестра (1:13) — see those entries below. доля/фатум must never substitute, per baseline; this caution is intensified by current wartime discourse about survival and chance.
Truth
Approved rendering: правда
Transliteration: pravda
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. правда is the established Ohienko rendering (cf. John 14:6). Grounded Ukrainian risk: (1) shares a root with праведність (righteousness), already flagged Critical/High in the baseline for its справедливість false-friend drift — правда must not be narrowed to a juridical ‘fairness/justice’ sense here; (2) carries strong, currently live wartime patriotic-moral resonance (‘наша правда,’ the justice of Ukraine’s cause), structurally parallel to слава’s already-flagged patriotic weight, and must not blend with or substitute for John’s doctrinal-relational sense centered on right confession of Christ; (3) colloquial правда? functions as a tag-question (‘isn’t that so?’), risking registerial flattening. Mandatory first-occurrence gloss required distinguishing all three competing senses.
Deceiver
Approved rendering: обманець / обманці
Transliteration: obmanets’ / obmantsi
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: πλάνος
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. обманець/обманці is Ohienko’s own term (2 John 1:7). Grounded risk: in contemporary secular Ukrainian usage, обманець most readily evokes a financial swindler or online romance-scam con-artist, a live and prominent fraud-warning category in Ukrainian media, risking the under-theologizing of John’s warning into consumer-protection language rather than doctrinal apostasy concerning Christ’s person. Mandatory exposition restoring doctrinal stakes at first occurrence.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: антихрист
Transliteration: antykhryst
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Established loanword shared by all Ukrainian Christian traditions (2 John 1:7). Grounded risk: contemporary Ukrainian religious and popular culture (End Times fiction, sensationalist apocalyptic media, folk expectation) strongly associates антихрист with a single future world-tyrant, risking readers hearing this verse as prophecy about a coming person rather than John’s own present-tense, expansive warning (echoing 1 John 2:18’s ‘many antichrists, already now’). Mandatory exposition restoring this framing at first occurrence.
Share Partner Negative
Approved rendering: бути спільником / поділяти
Transliteration: buty spil’nykom / podilyaty
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: спілкування / спілкуватися (never use — see fellowship entry above)
Original: κοινωνέω
Category: Church
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:11’s κοινωνέω (negative sense: becoming a participant in and morally implicated by another’s wrongdoing) shares its Greek root with the baseline’s beloved, Low-risk fellowship term спілкування. This registry requires a lexically distinct verb (бути спільником, ‘to become a partner/accomplice,’ or поділяти, ‘to share in/be complicit in’) to keep the two senses lexically separate for Ukrainian readers; using спілкування or any of its cognates for this verse would badly conflate warm Christian community with a warning about moral partnership in evil.
Receive Into House
Approved rendering: приймати до дому / оселі
Transliteration: pryymaty do domu / oseli
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: λαμβάνω εἰς οἰκίαν
Category: Hospitality
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:10’s λαμβάνω εἰς οἰκίαν names formal reception of a traveling teacher, implying material support and public doctrinal endorsement. Grounded risk: hospitality is an exceptionally strong, positively-charged Ukrainian cultural value, intensified to acute, currently-lived force since 2022 by millions of Ukrainian households hosting internally displaced persons and refugees. Readers risk hearing this command as contradicting a virtue their culture and lived experience hold as nearly sacred unless the narrow, specifically doctrinal scope (endorsement of a teacher actively denying Christ’s incarnation) is stated explicitly and the broader hospitality ethic toward the vulnerable is affirmed as entirely untouched. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
Elder Self Designation
Approved rendering: старець
Transliteration: starets’
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Pastoral Tone
Rejected alternatives: пресбітер (Greek transliteration would be unfamiliar and add a new unglossed term)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW TERM. старець is Ohienko’s own rendering of πρεσβύτερος (2 John 1:1), John’s self-designation combining apostolic authority with pastoral, fatherly tone. Grounded double risk: (1) in contemporary spoken Ukrainian, старець most commonly means ‘old man’ or, in a live colloquial sense, ‘beggar’ (a visible alms-seeking category in Ukrainian cities), risking deflation of John’s authoritative self-designation; (2) in Orthodox monastic devotional literature, старець carries an elevated, technical sense — a revered spiritual father credited with special charismatic authority — risking over-reading John’s simple epistolary self-designation into an appeal to that specific office, a category absent from the text. Mandatory first-occurrence gloss required guarding against both distortions.
Medium Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: Отець
Transliteration: Otets’
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Pastoral Tone
Rejected alternatives: батюшка (reserve exclusively for addressing an Orthodox priest, and is itself a Russicism increasingly avoided)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly (baseline doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family). In 2 John, God the Father is named as the source of the commandment to love (1:4) and as the relationship whose genuineness is at stake in perseverance in Christ’s teaching (1:9, ‘has both the Father and the Son’). батюшка must never be used, per baseline.
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Boh
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Всевишній (acceptable poetic synonym only)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly. In 2 John 1:9, whether one ‘has God’ is made contingent on persevering fidelity to Christ’s teaching — connecting directly to the baseline’s already-Critical assurance-of-salvation and church-as-God’s-people doctrines: a right relationship with God cannot be claimed apart from fidelity to who Christ actually is.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ісус
Transliteration: Isus
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: Иисус (Russian spelling, never use)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly. In 2 John 1:7, the deceivers’ defining error is failing to confess that ‘Jesus Christ’ came in the flesh — the proper name whose real, physical incarnation is at stake. Ісус (single і) only; Russian Иисус forbidden as always.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Син Божий
Transliteration: Syn Bozhyy
Doctrine: Grace, Mercy, and Peace in Greeting
Rejected alternatives: божественний посланець
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ πατρός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly (baseline doctrine: Sonship of Christ). Named in the greeting of 2 John 1:3 (‘Son of the Father’) and again as the object of relationship in 1:9 (‘has the Son’). Must not read as metaphorical or honorary sonship.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: втілення
Transliteration: vtilennya
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: аватар (never use), явлення
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly (baseline doctrine: Incarnation). Serves as the background doctrine name for 2 John 1:7’s defense of Christ’s real coming ‘in the flesh.’ аватар remains explicitly forbidden, with intensified force here given Hindu avatara’s structurally similar but theologically distinct concept (repeatable divine descent vs. a single, permanent assumption of human nature).
Commandment
Approved rendering: заповідь
Transliteration: zapovid’
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Confirms and extends the baseline’s existing convention (see baseline ‘law’ entry) reserving заповідь for individual commandments as distinct from закон (the Law as a whole body). In 2 John 1:4-6, names the command to love, received from the Father and identical with apostolic teaching received ‘from the beginning.’ Must be rendered so love-as-commandment reads as obedience flowing from relationship, not a separate meritorious duty.
Walk Conduct
Approved rendering: ходити
Transliteration: khodyty
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. Metaphorical extension of περιπατέω, attested in existing Ukrainian religious usage (ходити перед Богом, ‘to walk before God’), but requires a first-occurrence gloss clarifying habitual life-conduct, not literal ambulation, for readers unfamiliar with the idiom in this specific epistolary context.
Confess Acknowledge
Approved rendering: визнавати
Transliteration: vyznavaty
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. визнавати is Ohienko’s own verb (2 John 1:7). Grounded risk: must not be confused with, or sound synonymous with, сповідь/сповідатися, the sacramental rite of auricular confession of personal sin central to Orthodox and Greek Catholic devotional life. ὁμολογέω here names public doctrinal acknowledgment of who Christ is, not the sacrament of confessing sin to a priest; the two must be kept explicitly distinct in exposition.
Greet Formally
Approved rendering: вітати
Transliteration: vitaty
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: χαίρειν λέγειν
Category: Hospitality
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:10-11’s χαίρειν λέγειν, the conventional Greek greeting formula, functions here as a formal act of welcome and implicit doctrinal endorsement. Must be glossed to make clear the refusal in view is a considered, public act of doctrinal non-endorsement, not personal rudeness or coldness toward individuals encountered in ordinary daily life.
Elect Lady
Approved rendering: вибрана пані
Transliteration: vybrana pani
Doctrine: Election and God’s Chosen People
Original: ἐκλεκτῇ κυρίᾳ
Category: Church
NEW TERM. вибрана пані (2 John 1:1) is Ohienko’s rendering, reusing the baseline’s обрання root. The addressee may be a specific individual Christian matron or, on the majority scholarly reading, a personification of a local congregation as a household. This individual-vs-personified-church ambiguity is interpretive, not lexical, and requires a translator’s note rather than an alternate word choice.
Elect Sister
Approved rendering: вибрана сестра
Transliteration: vybrana sestra
Doctrine: Election and God’s Chosen People
Original: ἀδελφῆς … τῆς ἐκλεκτῆς
Category: Church
NEW TERM. вибрана сестра (2 John 1:13), the closing reference to a sibling congregation or believer, parallels ‘elect lady’ (1:1) and carries the identical individual-vs-personified-church interpretive ambiguity; use the same translator’s note.
Mercy
Approved rendering: милість
Transliteration: mylist’
Doctrine: Grace, Mercy, and Peace in Greeting
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW TERM. милість is the correct Ukrainian term for ἔλεος specifically (2 John 1:3’s triadic greeting). Important cross-reference: the baseline’s grace entry explicitly rejects милість as a substitute for благодать (grace); this remains correct in this direction, and this entry additionally confirms the reverse must also hold — благодать must never substitute for милість, since χάρις and ἔλεος are two genuinely distinct Greek terms in this greeting, not interchangeable synonyms.
Full Reward
Approved rendering: повна нагорода
Transliteration: povna nahoroda
Doctrine: Reward for Faithful Perseverance
Original: μισθὸς πλήρης
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:8’s μισθὸς πλήρης, the complete eschatological reward for faithful perseverance in truth and love. Must be explicitly framed in exposition as the fruit of grace-enabled perseverance, not a wage earned apart from grace, to avoid collision with the baseline’s already-Critical grace/works distinction (Romans 4:4-5; 11:5-6; Galatians 2:16).
Lose Forfeit
Approved rendering: втратити
Transliteration: vtratyty
Doctrine: Reward for Faithful Perseverance
Original: ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:8’s ἀπόλλυμι. Lexically straightforward; the doctrinal risk is conceptual — the object of loss here is the believers’ ‘full reward,’ not salvation itself, and exposition must not conflate the two.
Watch Yourselves
Approved rendering: пильнуйте себе / вважайте на себе
Transliteration: pyl’nuyte sebe / vvazhayte na sebe
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: βλέπετε ἑαυτούς
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:8’s βλέπετε ἑαυτούς, an exhortation to attentive self-examination as the starting point of doctrinal discernment. Should be rendered warmly, as pastoral concern for the readers’ own perseverance, not as cold, anxious self-policing.
Go Beyond
Approved rendering: виходить за межі / переступає
Transliteration: vykhodyt’ za mezhi / perestupaye
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: προάγω
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:9’s προάγω, the false-progress irony of presenting departure from received apostolic teaching as spiritual advancement. Requires a translator’s note recording which Greek textual tradition is followed (προάγων ‘goes beyond’ vs. the variant παραβαίνων ‘transgresses’) and must preserve the irony that departure is falsely framed as progress, not mere error.
Have Relationship With God
Approved rendering: мати (Бога) / мати (Отця і Сина)
Transliteration: maty (Boha) / maty (Ottsya i Syna)
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: ἔχω (θεόν / τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὸν υἱόν)
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:9’s ἔχω. Low lexical risk; the doctrinal weight — that a right relationship with God cannot be claimed apart from fidelity to who Christ actually is — must be carried by exposition.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: спілкування
Transliteration: spilkuvannya
Doctrine: Joy and Fellowship in Christ
Rejected alternatives: дружба, колектив (avoid Soviet-collective connotation)
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly (baseline doctrine: Christian Fellowship). In 2 John, cited only in its warm, positive sense (implicit in vv. 4, 12-13’s hope for face-to-face fellowship). Must remain lexically reserved for this positive sense only and never blur with v. 11’s negative-sense complicity term (see ‘share_partner_negative’ below), despite sharing the same κοινωνία root in Greek.
Evil Works
Approved rendering: лихі діла / злі вчинки
Transliteration: lykhi dila / zli vchynky
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: ἔργα πονηρά
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:11’s ἔργα πονηρά, wicked deeds a doctrinal endorser becomes complicit in. Straightforward, no significant Ukraine-specific drift.
World Kosmos
Approved rendering: світ
Transliteration: svit
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: κόσμος
Category: Cosmology
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:7’s κόσμος, standard and low-risk in Ukrainian; no significant Ukraine-specific collision.
Go Out
Approved rendering: вийшли (у світ)
Transliteration: vyyshly (u svit)
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: ἐξέρχομαι
Category: Church
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:7’s ἐξέρχομαι. Straightforward lexically; exposition should note the possible implication of prior community association (cf. 1 John 2:19), making the warning about a known threat, not a distant one.
Ask Request
Approved rendering: прошу
Transliteration: proshu
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Pastoral Tone
Original: ἐρωτάω
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:5’s ἐρωτάω, courteous appeal rather than demand, reflecting the elder’s pastoral authority exercised through appeal, not institutional command.
From The Beginning
Approved rendering: від початку
Transliteration: vid pochatku
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:5-6’s ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς. Must be rendered so that ‘new commandment’ is read as a rhetorical foil (‘not new, but original’), not as suggesting doctrinal development or evolving teaching.
One Another
Approved rendering: одне одного
Transliteration: odne odnoho
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἀλλήλους
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:5’s ἀλλήλους. Standard; must not be diluted into generic benevolence apart from committed, active good within the body of believers.
Hear Receive Message
Approved rendering: чути / почули
Transliteration: chuty / pochuly
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: ἀκούω
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:6’s ἀκούω. Ties the letter’s teaching to a fixed apostolic deposit already received, reinforcing perseverance rather than new revelation.
Does Not Bring Teaching
Approved rendering: не приносить (цього вчення)
Transliteration: ne prynosyt’ (tsyoho vchennya)
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: οὐ φέρει (τὴν διδαχήν)
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:10’s οὐ φέρει. A doctrinal test — whether a traveling teacher teaches the apostolic teaching about Christ’s real incarnation — not a test of general character or hospitality-worthiness.
Paper And Ink
Approved rendering: папір і чорнило
Transliteration: papir i chornylo
Doctrine: Joy and Fellowship in Christ
Original: χάρτης καὶ μέλαν
Category: Culture
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:12’s χάρτης καὶ μέλαν. Low-doctrinal-weight cultural detail underscoring the letter’s warm, relational preference for personal presence over written correspondence.
Face To Face
Approved rendering: особисто (exposition) / уста до уст (Scripture-citation register)
Transliteration: osobysto / usta do ust
Doctrine: Joy and Fellowship in Christ
Original: στόμα πρὸς στόμα
Category: Culture
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:12’s στόμα πρὸς στόμα, a Hebraic idiom (cf. Numbers 12:8 LXX) for direct, unmediated communication. особисто preferred for natural expository register; уста до уст retained for a more literal Scripture-citation register.
Joy Fulfilled
Approved rendering: повна радість
Transliteration: povna radist’
Doctrine: Joy and Fellowship in Christ
Original: χαρὰ πεπληρωμένη
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. 2 John 1:12’s χαρὰ πεπληρωμένη. Standard, low-risk, warmly rendered.
Referenced passages