Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Philemon (English → Ukrainian)
This glossary covers every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by section, citing every part of the book (the core passage, vv.1-7, and vv.22-25 — the entirety of Philemon’s single chapter). Terms already established in the Romans/Galatians baseline translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and must not be altered. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are candidates for addition to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in a subsequent Phase 1 step.
Legend
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the baseline’s risk_definitions.
- Review routing: Human theologian / Native speaker / Automated, per baseline convention.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans/Galatians Baseline
| English term | Ukrainian rendering | Doctrine | Risk | Review routing | Philemon citations | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | благодать | Grace | Critical | Human theologian | Флм. 1:3, 1:25 | [BASELINE] Standard Pauline epistolary greeting/benediction formula. |
| peace | мир | Peace with God | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:3 | [BASELINE] Wartime homograph caution fully applicable. |
| faith | віра | Faith | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:5 | [BASELINE] Philemon’s faith toward the Lord and the saints. |
| love | любов | Faith Working through Love | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:16 | [BASELINE] Root of ἀγαπητός also (vv.1, 16). |
| saints | святі | Sainthood | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:5, 1:7 | [BASELINE] Corporate, inclusive sense fully applicable. |
| fellowship | спілкування | Christian Fellowship | Low | Automated | Флм. 1:6 | [BASELINE] Root shared with new term κοινωνός below. |
| church | церква | Church as God’s People | Critical | Human theologian | Флм. 1:2 | [BASELINE] “House church” (κατ’ οἶκον ἐκκλησία) is a low-jurisdiction-risk teaching anchor; pair with громада per baseline guidance. |
| gospel | Євангеліє | Gospel | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:13 | [BASELINE] “Bonds of the gospel.” |
| Lord | Господь | Lordship of Christ | High/Critical | Human theologian | Флм. 1:3, 1:5, 1:16, 1:20, 1:25 | [BASELINE] High-frequency in this short letter. |
| thanksgiving | подяка | Thanksgiving | Low | Automated | Флм. 1:4 | [BASELINE] |
| Holy Spirit (capitalized, when applicable) | Святий Дух | Sanctification | Critical | Human theologian | (not directly named in Philemon; see human spirit entry below for the contrasting case) | [BASELINE] Cited here only to anchor the contrast with the lowercase дух entry in section D below. |
| Paul | Павло | — | Low | Automated | Флм. 1:1, 1:9, 1:19 | [BASELINE] |
| Jesus | Ісус | Lordship of Christ | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:9, 1:25 | [BASELINE] Never Иисус. |
| Christ | Христос | — | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:1, 1:3, 1:6, 1:8, 1:9, 1:20, 1:23, 1:25 | [BASELINE] |
| obedience (root) | послух | Obedience of Faith / Grace-Motivated Obedience | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:21 | [BASELINE] Standalone ὑπακοή here; whole letter functions as a case study of послух віри’s pattern. |
| exhort/appeal (context: entreaty) | благати / просити | Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:9, 1:10 | [BASELINE] Context-sensitive per baseline exhort entry — entreaty register required, not encouragement register. |
B. New Terms — Core Passage (Philemon 1:8-21)
| English term | Original (Greek) | Ukrainian rendering | Doctrine | Risk | Review routing | Citation | Rejected alternatives | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| boldness/confidence | παρρησία | сміливість / відвертість | Intercession and Appeal | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:8 | — | Must be distinguished from the separate “boldness before God” theological sense (Eph 3:12, Heb 4:16); here purely interpersonal/social standing. |
| command | ἐπιτάσσω | наказувати | Grace-Motivated Obedience | Low | Native speaker | Флм. 1:8 | — | Names the authority Paul refuses to exercise. |
| what is proper/fitting | τὸ ἀνῆκον | належне | Grace-Motivated Obedience | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:8 | — | Keep distinct from commercial debt language of v.18. |
| prisoner | δέσμιος | в’язень | Intercession and Appeal | Critical | Human theologian | Флм. 1:1, 1:9, 1:10, 1:13 | полонений (rejected — wrongly militarizes Roman legal detention) | Acute current resonance given Ukraine’s POWs, hostages, and detained civilians; must be affirmed pastorally without eclipsing Paul’s gospel-suffering point. |
| bonds/chains | δεσμοί | узи (exposition) / кайдани (Scripture citation only, with caution) | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | Critical | Human theologian | Флм. 1:10, 1:13 | кайдани as default (rejected for exposition — carries Shevchenko “Заповіт” national-liberation resonance risking confusion with Paul’s voluntary gospel suffering) | Direct parallel to the Galatians baseline’s свобода/воля Critical caution; same directional risk. |
| child (spiritual) | τέκνον | дитя (у вірі) | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:10 | — | Must be distinguished from the baseline’s Critical adoption doctrine (усиновлення); this is pastoral/evangelistic fatherhood, not the doctrine of divine adoption. |
| Onesimus (proper name) | Ὀνήσιμος | Онисим | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:10 | — | Name means “useful”; central three-fold wordplay (vv.10-11, 20) requires explicit exposition, cannot be reproduced by transliteration alone. |
| useless | ἄχρηστος | непотрібний / некорисний | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | Low | Native speaker | Флм. 1:11 | — | Paired wordplay term with εὔχρηστος. |
| useful | εὔχρηστος | корисний | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | Low-Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:11 | — | Completes Onesimus name-pun; pair with exposition note. |
| my very heart | τὰ ἐμὰ σπλάγχνα | моє серце / моя рідна душа | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:7, 1:12, 1:20 | literal “bowels/entrails” (rejected — grotesque in modern register) | Identification-with-a-person sense (not merely affection) must be preserved in exposition; forms literary inclusio between vv.7, 12, 20. |
| consent | γνώμη | згода | Grace-Motivated Obedience | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:14 | воля (rejected here specifically — would cross-contaminate with the Galatians baseline’s Critical political-freedom свобода/воля vocabulary) | Deliberate avoidance of воля in this specific interpersonal-consent sense. |
| compulsion | ἀνάγκη | примус | Grace-Motivated Obedience | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:14 | доля, фатум (rejected — same folk-fatalism risk already forbidden by baseline for election/providence) | Names the opposite pole of voluntary, grace-motivated response. |
| voluntary | ἑκούσιον | добровільний / з власної волі | Grace-Motivated Obedience | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:14 | — | The idiomatic “з власної волі” is a controlled, low-risk use of воля, distinct from the standalone doctrinal freedom-vocabulary; flag this distinction in exposition. |
| separated | χωρίζω | розлучився / був відділений | Providence | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:15 | — | Heightened resonance given wartime displacement/family separation; affirm pastorally, no translation change needed. |
| forever/permanent | αἰώνιον | навіки / назавжди | — | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:15 | вічний (rejected as default — reserved for eschatological eternal-life contexts) | Avoids implying an eschatological claim not present in this verse. |
| slave | δοῦλος | раб | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | Critical | Human theologian | Флм. 1:16 | — | Collides with (1) Orthodox/Greek Catholic liturgical “раб Божий” devotional usage, (2) historical memory of serfdom/Ostarbeiter/Gulag forced labor, (3) current anti-trafficking and war-crime forced-labor discourse. Must be explicitly historically anchored to first-century chattel slavery in exposition. |
| beloved brother | ἀδελφὸν ἀγαπητόν | улюблений брат | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:16 | — | Both/and status-reversal (social slave / spiritual brother) must not collapse into either an abolition-manifesto reading or a merely-sentimental reading. |
| flesh…Lord (dual sphere) | σαρκὶ…κυρίῳ | тіло…Господь | — | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:16 | — | This is the relational-sphere sense of σάρξ, distinct from Galatians 5’s ethical flesh-versus-Spirit contrast; flag explicitly to prevent conflation. |
| partner | κοινωνός | спільник (у спілкуванні) | Intercession and Appeal | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:17 | партнер alone (rejected as sole rendering — too commercial, loses κοινωνία’s fellowship freight) | Shares root with baseline’s спілкування (fellowship). |
| receive/welcome | προσλαβοῦ | прийми / зустрінь як | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:17 | — | Cross-references Romans 14-15’s “receive one another” vocabulary in the baseline curriculum. |
| wronged | ἠδίκησέν | скривдив / вчинив несправедливо | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:18 | — | Etymological kinship with δικαιοσύνη/праведність is not doctrinal; do not import forensic-justification framing. |
| owes | ὀφείλει / προσοφείλεις | винен / завдячує | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:18, 1:19 | — | Begins/extends the letter’s accounting-metaphor field. |
| charge to account | ἐλλόγα | зарахуй це мені | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Critical | Human theologian | Флм. 1:18 | — | Deliberately reuses root of baseline’s Critical imputed_righteousness (зарахована праведність); teach as illustration of, not identical to, the doctrine of imputation. |
| I will repay | ἀποτίσω | я поверну / я сплачу | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:19 | — | Continues the substitution-picture begun with ἐλλόγα. |
| have joy/benefit (name-pun) | ὀναίμην | дай мені радість / зроби мені цю послугу | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:20 | — | Third and final occurrence of the Onesimus name-pun; rare optative mood conveyed through tone, not grammar. |
| refresh | ἀνάπαυσόν | заспокій / дай відпочинок | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:7, 1:20 | — | Literary inclusio between v.7 and v.20; note explicitly in exposition. |
| confidence/trust (interpersonal) | πεποιθὼς | впевнений / покладаючися на | Grace-Motivated Obedience | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:21 | віра (rejected — this is ordinary interpersonal trust, not saving faith) | Must not be confused with the baseline’s Critical faith entry. |
C. New Terms — Chapter 1, vv.1-7 (Salutation and Thanksgiving)
| English term | Original (Greek) | Ukrainian rendering | Doctrine | Risk | Review routing | Citation | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| brother/sister | ἀδελφός/ἀδελφή | брат / сестра | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:1, 1:2 | Structural anchor: same word later applied to Onesimus the slave (v.16) — the letter’s central move. |
| fellow-worker | συνεργός | співробітник | — | Low | Native speaker | Флм. 1:1, 1:24 | Ministry-partnership vocabulary. |
| fellow-soldier | συστρατιώτης | співвоїн / товариш по службі | — | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:2 | Acute, immediate resonance given current Ukrainian wartime mobilization; affirm pastorally, keep metaphorical (gospel labor, not literal combat) clear. |
| house church | κατ᾽ οἶκόν… ἐκκλησία | домашня церква | Church as God’s People | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:2 | Low-jurisdiction-risk teaching anchor for церква; pairs well with baseline’s громада recommendation. |
| effective/active (faith) | ἐνεργής | дієвий / діяльний | Faith Working through Love (cross-reference) | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:6 | Cross-references the Galatians baseline’s Critical faith_working_through_love doctrine; Philemon is a case study of it in action. |
| knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις | пізнання / повне знання | — | Low-Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:6 | Standard. |
| joy | χαρά | радість | — | Low | Automated | Флм. 1:7 | Standard. |
| comfort/encouragement | παράκλησις | потіха / утіха | — | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:7 | Shares root with παρακαλῶ (vv.9-10) but distinct sense; flag for exposition only. |
D. New Terms — Chapter 1, vv.22-25 (Closing and Benediction)
| English term | Original (Greek) | Ukrainian rendering | Doctrine | Risk | Review routing | Citation | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| guest room/hospitality | ξενία | гостинність / помешкання для гостя | — | Low | Native speaker | Флм. 1:22 | Standard. |
| I shall be granted | χαρισθήσομαι | буде даровано / повернуто мене вам | — | Medium | Native speaker | Флм. 1:22 | Wordplay with χάρις/благодать; note connection in exposition rather than forcing a lexical match. |
| fellow prisoner | συναιχμάλωτος | співв’язень | Intercession and Appeal | Critical | Human theologian | Флм. 1:23 | Literal “captured-by-the-spear” etymology; acute resonance with Ukraine’s current POW/hostage crisis; do not imply direct equivalence between first-century imprisonment and the present war. |
| your spirit (human, plural referent) | τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν | ваш дух (lowercase) | — | High | Human theologian | Флм. 1:25 | Mirror-image caution to the Galatians baseline’s Critical bare-Дух rule: here the lowercase human-spirit sense is correct and must NOT be capitalized to Святий Дух. |
E. Summary Risk Table
| Risk tier | Count of new Philemon-specific terms | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 | δέσμιος (prisoner), δεσμοί (bonds/chains — кайдани collision), δοῦλος (slave), ἐλλόγα (charge to account), συναιχμάλωτος (fellow prisoner), πνεῦμα ὑμῶν (your spirit, lowercase mirror-caution) |
| High | 8 | παρρησία-adjacent appeal doctrine, ἀδελφὸν ἀγαπητόν, κοινωνός, γνώμη, ἀνάγκη, ἑκούσιον, ἀποτίσω, συστρατιώτης |
| Medium | 15 | τέκνον, Ὀνήσιμος, αἰώνιον, χωρίζω, προσλαβοῦ, ἠδίκησέν, ὀφείλει, ὀναίμην, ἀνάπαυσόν, πεποιθὼς, κατ’ οἶκόν ἐκκλησία, ἐνεργής, παράκλησις, χαρισθήσομαι, τὸ ἀνῆκον |
| Low | 8 | ἐπιτάσσω, ἄχρηστος, εὔχρηστος, συνεργός, μνεία, προσευχή, χαρά, ξενία |
This glossary, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md, provides full-book coverage of Philemon (all 25 verses of its single chapter) and is ready to feed the doctrine risk registry and translation memory update steps that follow in the Phase 1 pipeline.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blahodat’
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: талан, щастя
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Frames both the letter’s opening (1:3) and closing (1:25). The χαρισθήσομαι wordplay at 1:22 (Paul hoping to be ‘graced’ back to Philemon) must be taught as reinforcing, not diluting, the doctrine’s full theological weight even in this intimate personal-letter register.
Lord
Approved rendering: Господь
Transliteration: Hospod’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: хазяїн, владика (liturgical/poetic register only)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Unusually high-frequency in this short letter (1:3, 5, 16, 20, 25). At 1:16 the dual-sphere formula ‘in the flesh…and in the Lord’ uses κύριος in its ordinary exclusive-authority sense, not the Romans 10:9 confessional-formula sense; no additional risk beyond the baseline’s registerial caution.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святий Дух
Transliteration: Svyatyy Dukh
Doctrine: Holy Spirit (Contrast Anchor)
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use alone), енергія
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Not directly named in Philemon’s text, but retained here as the mandatory contrast anchor for the your_spirit_human entry below: translators must not confuse Philemon 1:25’s lowercase human-spirit sense with this term.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ісус
Transliteration: Isus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Иисус (Russian spelling, never use)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Appears at Philemon 1:1, 3, 5, 9, 25. Never the Russian spelling Иисус.
Prisoner
Approved rendering: в’язень
Transliteration: v’yazen’
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: полонений (wrongly militarizes Roman legal detention as POW captivity)
Original: δέσμιος
Category: Intercession
New term. Philemon 1:1, 9, 10, 13 (δέσμιος). Given Ukraine’s current wartime reality of imprisoned civilians, hostages, and POWs held by Russia, this word carries acute, immediate emotional force regardless of the careful lexical choice; affirm pastorally without letting it eclipse Paul’s specific point — he is a prisoner for the gospel, appealing from voluntary gospel-service, not framing captivity itself as the doctrine’s subject.
Bonds Chains
Approved rendering: узи (exposition) / кайдани (Scripture citation only, flagged)
Transliteration: uzy / kaydany
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: кайдани as the default expository term
Original: δεσμοί
Category: Slavery
New term. Philemon 1:10, 13 (δεσμοί). кайдани carries exceptionally heavy Ukrainian national-literary resonance from Shevchenko’s ‘Заповіт’ (‘Кайдани порвіте’); using it for Paul’s voluntary, gospel-motivated imprisonment risks the same directional confusion already flagged Critical in the Galatians baseline for свобода/воля. Reserve кайдани only for direct Scripture-quotation contexts matching an established Ukrainian Bible rendering, with the Shevchenko resonance flagged explicitly wherever used.
Slave
Approved rendering: раб
Transliteration: rab
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: слуга (would misstate Onesimus’s actual legal status and blunt Paul’s argument)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Slavery
New, high-stakes term. Philemon 1:16 (δοῦλος). Three grounded, distinct Ukrainian risks converge: (1) the positive liturgical devotional self-designation ‘раб Божий’ (Orthodox and Greek Catholic); (2) historical memory of кріпацтво (serfdom), Nazi-era Ostarbeiter deportation, and Soviet Gulag forced labor; (3) current anti-trafficking advocacy (‘сучасне рабство’) and the ongoing forced deportation/forced labor of Ukrainian civilians and children in Russian-occupied territory. Must be explicitly historically anchored to first-century Greco-Roman chattel slavery in exposition without suppressing any of these associations.
Charge To Account
Approved rendering: зарахуй це мені
Transliteration: zarakhuy tse meni
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἐλλόγα
Category: Reconciliation
New term. Philemon 1:18 (ἐλλόγα). Deliberately reuses the root зарахувати already established as Critical in the baseline’s imputed_righteousness entry (зарахована праведність, Romans 4). Must be taught explicitly as an illustration of, not identical to, the doctrine of imputation — Paul’s payment of a literal financial debt is analogous to, but not the same as, Christ’s atoning payment of sin’s debt.
Fellow Prisoner
Approved rendering: співв’язень
Transliteration: spivv’yazen’
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: συναιχμάλωτος
Category: Intercession
New term. Philemon 1:23 (συναιχμάλωτος, literally ‘fellow captive taken by the spear’). Occurs alongside δέσμιος as the letter’s second major imprisonment/captivity term. Given Ukraine’s ongoing war and its constant, current POW exchange, hostage-taking, and civilian-detention news, this term carries acute, immediate resonance; acknowledge pastorally without implying direct equivalence between first-century Roman legal imprisonment for gospel preaching and the present war’s POW situation.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Євангеліє
Transliteration: Yevanheliye
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: добра звістка (acceptable as an explanatory gloss only)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Philemon 1:13’s ‘bonds of the gospel’ (δεσμοῖς τοῦ εὐαγγελίου) reframes Paul’s imprisonment as gospel-purposed suffering; pair with узи for δεσμοί (never кайдани) to keep the phrase free of unrelated political resonance.
Faith
Approved rendering: віра
Transliteration: vira
Doctrine: Faith and Love in Christian Partnership
Rejected alternatives: довіра, переконання
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Philemon 1:5-6 pairs faith toward the Lord with love toward the saints and calls this faith ἐνεργής (‘active/at work’) — a direct real-life echo of the Galatians baseline’s Critical faith_working_through_love doctrine.
Love
Approved rendering: любов
Transliteration: lyubov
Doctrine: Faith and Love in Christian Partnership
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
Inherited from Galatians package exactly. Shares its root with ἀγαπητός (‘beloved,’ 1:1, 16), placing both Philemon and Onesimus, master and slave, under identical affectionate address — a structural pillar of Christian Brotherhood across Social Status.
Saints
Approved rendering: святі
Transliteration: svyati
Doctrine: Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
Rejected alternatives: праведники
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Philemon 1:5, 7: ‘the hearts of the saints have been refreshed through you.’ Must read as the corporate, inclusive body of ordinary believers Philemon personally serves, never a canonized, venerated elite.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: послух
Transliteration: poslukh
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: релігійний обов’язок, дотримання обрядів
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
Inherited root from the Romans baseline (послух віри). Philemon 1:21: Paul’s stated confidence in Philemon’s obedience must not be taught as contradicting vv.8-9’s explicit refusal to command; the whole letter is a concrete case study of послух віри applied to a costly interpersonal situation.
Heart Affection
Approved rendering: моє серце / моя рідна душа
Transliteration: moye sertse / moya ridna dusha
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: literal ‘bowels/entrails’ (grotesque in modern register)
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Brotherhood
New term. Philemon 1:7, 12, 20 (σπλάγχνα). The identification-with-a-person sense (Onesimus IS part of Paul, not merely loved by him) must be preserved in exposition; forms a literary inclusio linking all three verses.
Consent
Approved rendering: згода
Transliteration: zhoda
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: воля (rejected here specifically to avoid cross-contamination with the Galatians baseline’s Critical political-freedom свобода/воля vocabulary)
Original: γνώμη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term. Philemon 1:14 (γνώμη). Deliberate avoidance of воля in this interpersonal-consent sense, distinct from the standalone freedom-in-Christ doctrine.
Compulsion
Approved rendering: примус
Transliteration: prymus
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: доля, фатум
Original: ἀνάγκη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term. Philemon 1:14 (ἀνάγκη). Must never be rendered with доля/фатум, already forbidden by the baseline for election/providence vocabulary; here ἀνάγκη concerns interpersonal coercion, not impersonal fate.
Voluntary
Approved rendering: добровільний / з власної волі
Transliteration: dobrovil’nyy / z vlasnoyi voli
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἑκούσιον
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term. Philemon 1:14 (ἑκούσιον). The idiomatic phrase ‘з власної волі’ is a controlled, low-risk use of воля for personal volition, distinct from the standalone doctrinal freedom-vocabulary (свобода/воля) flagged Critical in the Galatians baseline; flag this distinction explicitly in exposition.
Beloved Brother
Approved rendering: улюблений брат
Transliteration: ulyublenyy brat
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: ἀδελφὸν ἀγαπητόν
Category: Brotherhood
New term. Philemon 1:16 (ἀδελφὸν ἀγαπητόν). Must be taught as both/and — Onesimus’s social status is not necessarily immediately dissolved by this letter, yet his spiritual status as brother is unqualified and immediate. Do not over-read as an abolition manifesto, nor under-read as merely sentimental language.
Partner
Approved rendering: спільник (у спілкуванні)
Transliteration: spil’nyk (u spilkuvanni)
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Rejected alternatives: партнер alone (too commercial, loses κοινωνία’s fellowship freight)
Original: κοινωνός
Category: Intercession
New term. Philemon 1:17 (κοινωνός). Shares its root with the baseline’s спілкування (fellowship, Low risk); Paul stakes his own relationship with Philemon as the guarantee for receiving Onesimus.
Repay
Approved rendering: я поверну / я сплачу
Transliteration: ya povernu / ya splachu
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀποτίσω
Category: Reconciliation
New term. Philemon 1:19 (ἀποτίσω). Continues the substitution-picture begun with ἐλλόγα; the offer to repay follows naturally from the offer to have the debt credited to Paul’s own account.
Brother Sister
Approved rendering: брат / сестра
Transliteration: brat / sestra
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: ἀδελφός / ἀδελφή
Category: Brotherhood
New term. Philemon 1:1-2 (ἀδελφός / ἀδελφή). Ordinary greeting-language for named co-workers (Timothy, Apphia) that Paul will later insist applies identically to a slave (1:16) — the letter’s central structural move.
Fellow Soldier
Approved rendering: співвоїн
Transliteration: spivvoyin
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: товариш по службі (acceptable near-synonym)
Original: συστρατιώτης
Category: Church
New term. Philemon 1:2 (συστρατιώτης). Given Ukraine’s current, large-scale wartime mobilization, this metaphor resonates with unusual, immediate literalness; affirm pastorally while keeping clear the image concerns gospel labor, not literal combat.
Your Spirit Human
Approved rendering: ваш дух (lowercase)
Transliteration: vash dukh
Doctrine: Holy Spirit Capitalization Exception
Rejected alternatives: Ваш Дух (capitalized — forbidden here)
Original: τὸ πνεῦμα ὑμῶν
Category: God
Philemon 1:25 (τὸ πνεῦμα ὑμῶν). Mirror-image of the Galatians baseline’s Critical caution on bare πνεῦμα: here the bare, lowercase, human-spirit sense (the whole house-church’s collective inner being) is correct and intended, and must NOT be capitalized to Святий Дух. Explicit translator’s note required at every occurrence distinguishing this from every other bare-Дух case in the curriculum.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: мир
Transliteration: myr
Doctrine: Peace with God (in Greeting)
Rejected alternatives: спокій, затишшя
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Appears only once, in the formulaic salutation (1:3); the baseline’s wartime homograph caution (мир as opposite of the ongoing war) applies undiminished even in a single, brief occurrence.
Church
Approved rendering: церква
Transliteration: tserkva
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: храм, громада (acceptable clarifying synonym)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly (baseline risk Critical generally; this specific occurrence assessed Medium because Philemon 1:2’s ‘church in your house’ is a genuinely low-jurisdiction-risk teaching anchor, predating any OCU/UOC/Greek Catholic institutional question). Pair with домашня церква / громада.
Christ
Approved rendering: Христос
Transliteration: Khrystos
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New entry for this curriculum, using the established Ohienko transliteration already listed in the baseline’s transliteration standards. The letter’s single most frequent proper name (1:1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 20, 23, 25). No new doctrinal risk beyond spelling consistency.
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: сміливість / відвертість
Transliteration: smilyvist’ / vidvertist’
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
New term. Philemon 1:8 (παρρησία). Must be glossed as social/rhetorical standing to speak plainly, not the separate theological sense of boldness before God (Eph 3:12, Heb 4:16); Paul names this standing only to set it aside.
What Is Proper
Approved rendering: належне
Transliteration: nalezhne
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term. Philemon 1:8 (τὸ ἀνῆκον). Must be kept distinct in translation from the commercial debt vocabulary of v.18 so readers do not conflate ordinary Christian propriety with financial obligation.
Spiritual Child
Approved rendering: дитя (у вірі)
Transliteration: dytya (u viri)
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: τέκνον / ἐγέννησα
Category: Reconciliation
New term. Philemon 1:10 (τέκνον / ἐγέννησα). Must be explicitly distinguished from the baseline’s Critical adoption doctrine (усиновлення в Божу сім’ю) — this is Paul’s personal, pastoral, evangelistic relationship to a convert, not the forensic doctrine of divine adoption.
Onesimus
Approved rendering: Онисим
Transliteration: Onysym
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: Ὀνήσιμος
Category: Proper Names
New proper name. Ohienko transliteration form. The name’s meaning (‘useful’) drives a three-fold wordplay across the letter (ἄχρηστος/εὔχρηστος, 1:11; ὀναίμην, 1:20) that cannot be reproduced by transliteration alone and must be supplied by explicit exposition at first occurrence.
Useful
Approved rendering: корисний
Transliteration: korysnyy
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: εὔχρηστος
Category: Slavery
New term. Philemon 1:11 (εὔχρηστος). Must be paired with an explicit note on the Onesimus name-pun so the gospel’s-transforming-power doctrine lands with intended force rather than reading as a flat, generic before/after moral statement.
Separated
Approved rendering: розлучився / був відділений
Transliteration: rozluchyvsya / buv viddilenyy
Doctrine: Providence
New term. Philemon 1:15 (ἐχωρίσθη). Echoes the baseline’s Critical providence doctrine without naming it. Given the scale of wartime displacement and family separation in contemporary Ukraine, this will land with heightened emotional resonance; affirm pastorally without softening into fatalism (доля/випадок, already forbidden) or overstating that every wartime separation resolves as neatly as Onesimus’s did.
Forever Permanent
Approved rendering: навіки / назавжди
Transliteration: naviky / nazavzhdy
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: вічний (reserved for eternal life/eschatological contexts)
New term. Philemon 1:15 (αἰώνιον). Avoids implying an eschatological afterlife claim not present in this verse; names a permanent, restored earthly relationship undergirded by the gospel.
Flesh And Lord Spheres
Approved rendering: тіло…Господь
Transliteration: tilo…Hospod’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: σαρκὶ…κυρίῳ
Category: Brotherhood
New occurrence of already-established baseline terms (σάρξ as тіло, κύριος as Господь). Philemon 1:16’s neutral/relational sense of σάρξ is distinct from Galatians 5’s ethical flesh-versus-Spirit sense (Critical there); flag explicitly to prevent conflation.
Receive Welcome
Approved rendering: прийми / зустрінь як
Transliteration: pryymy / zustrin’ yak
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: προσλαβοῦ
Category: Brotherhood
New term. Philemon 1:17 (προσλαβοῦ). An action-word, a concrete welcoming gesture; cross-references Romans 14-15’s ‘receive one another’ vocabulary already present in the baseline curriculum’s scope.
Wronged
Approved rendering: скривдив
Transliteration: skryvdyv
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἠδίκησέν
Category: Reconciliation
New term. Philemon 1:18 (ἠδίκησέν). Lexical kinship with δικαιοσύνη/праведність is etymological only; do not import forensic-justification doctrine into this ordinary wrongdoing statement.
Owes Debt
Approved rendering: винен / завдячує
Transliteration: vynen / zavdyachuye
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ὀφείλει / προσοφείλεις
Category: Reconciliation
New term. Philemon 1:18-19 (ὀφείλει / προσοφείλεις). Establishes and extends the letter’s accounting-metaphor field continued through ἐλλόγα and ἀποτίσω; v.19’s compound is Paul’s pointed reminder that Philemon himself owes Paul his own Christian standing.
Name Pun Benefit
Approved rendering: дай мені радість
Transliteration: day meni radist’
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: зроби мені цю послугу (acceptable near-synonym)
Original: ὀναίμην
Category: Slavery
New term. Philemon 1:20 (ὀναίμην). Third and final occurrence of the Onesimus name-pun; the rare optative mood cannot be reproduced grammatically in Ukrainian and must be conveyed through tone plus an explicit note on the wordplay.
Refresh
Approved rendering: заспокій
Transliteration: zaspokiy
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: дай відпочинок (acceptable near-synonym)
Original: ἀνάπαυσόν
Category: Brotherhood
New term. Philemon 1:7, 20 (ἀνάπαυσόν). Creates a literary inclusio between v.7 (Philemon has already refreshed others’ hearts) and v.20 (Paul asks Philemon to do it once more, for Paul himself); note explicitly in exposition.
Confidence Trust
Approved rendering: впевнений
Transliteration: vpevnenyy
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: віра (rejected — this is ordinary interpersonal trust, not saving faith)
Original: πεποιθὼς
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term. Philemon 1:21 (πεποιθὼς). Must be distinguished from the baseline’s Critical faith entry; using віра here would blur two distinct categories.
House Church
Approved rendering: домашня церква
Transliteration: domashnya tserkva
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: κατ᾽ οἶκόν… ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
New phrase built on the baseline’s established церква. Philemon 1:2. A genuinely low-jurisdictional-risk teaching anchor, sitting entirely outside any OCU/UOC/Greek Catholic institutional question; pairs well with громада.
Effective Faith
Approved rendering: дієвий
Transliteration: diyevyy
Doctrine: Faith and Love in Christian Partnership
Rejected alternatives: діяльний (acceptable near-synonym)
Original: ἐνεργής
Category: Faith
New term. Philemon 1:6 (ἐνεργής). Should be cross-referenced with the Galatians baseline’s Critical faith_working_through_love doctrine (Gal 5:6); Philemon is a real-life case study of exactly what that doctrine looks like in a costly, concrete situation.
Comfort Encouragement
Approved rendering: потіха
Transliteration: potikha
Doctrine: Faith and Love in Christian Partnership
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Faith
New term. Philemon 1:7 (παράκλησις). Shares its root with παρακαλῶ (‘I appeal,’ 1:9-10) but in a distinct sense; flag the shared root for exposition only, never for lexical substitution — the two require different Ukrainian renderings.
Granted Back
Approved rendering: буде даровано мене вам
Transliteration: bude darovano mene vam
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χαρισθήσομαι
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term. Philemon 1:22 (χαρισθήσομαι). Shares its root with χάρις/благодать: the letter that centers on grace-vocabulary closes with Paul hoping to receive the same undeserved gift he asks Philemon to extend to Onesimus. Note the connection explicitly in exposition rather than forcing an unnatural single-root lexical match.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: спілкування
Transliteration: spilkuvannya
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Rejected alternatives: дружба, колектив (avoid Soviet-collective connotation)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Shares its root with the new term κοινωνός (‘partner,’ 1:17); teach the two together so the relational, non-commercial force of partner is not lost.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: подяка
Transliteration: podyaka
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Philemon 1:4, standard Pauline thanksgiving-report opening. No Philemon-specific risk.
Exhort
Approved rendering: благати / просити
Transliteration: blahaty / prosyty
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: закликати / підбадьорювати (encouragement register — wrong here)
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited context-sensitive entry from the Romans baseline. Philemon 1:9-10 requires the entreaty register exclusively; using the encouragement/edification register would make Paul sound like he is issuing a directive after all, undermining the letter’s entire rhetorical strategy of appeal rather than command.
Command
Approved rendering: наказувати
Transliteration: nakazuvaty
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term. Philemon 1:8 (ἐπιτάσσω). Names precisely the authority Paul refuses to exercise here, heightening the appeal’s grace-based, non-coercive character.
Useless
Approved rendering: непотрібний
Transliteration: nepotribnyy
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: некорисний (acceptable near-synonym)
Original: ἄχρηστος
Category: Slavery
New term. Philemon 1:11 (ἄχρηστος). Doctrinal weight rests on paired exposition with εὔχρηστος and the name Онисим, not on lexical choice alone.
Fellow Worker
Approved rendering: співробітник
Transliteration: spivrobitnyk
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Original: συνεργός
Category: Church
New term. Philemon 1:1, 24 (συνεργός). Ministry-partnership vocabulary establishing Philemon’s, and later Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke’s, active gospel partnership with Paul.
Joy
Approved rendering: радість
Transliteration: radist’
Doctrine: Faith and Love in Christian Partnership
Original: χαρά
Category: Faith
New term. Philemon 1:7 (χαρά). Standard; no significant risk.
Guest Room
Approved rendering: гостинність
Transliteration: hostynnist’
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: помешкання для гостя (acceptable near-synonym)
Original: ξενία
Category: Church
New term. Philemon 1:22 (ξενία). Standard hospitality vocabulary; Paul’s practical, hospitality-shaped hope for a personal visit.
Paul
Approved rendering: Павло
Transliteration: Pavlo
Doctrine: -
Original: Παῦλος
Category: Proper Names
Established transliteration standard. Philemon 1:1, 9, 19. Paul deliberately omits ‘apostle’ in this letter’s opening (contrast most of his other letters), reinforcing the appeal-not-command register from the first word.
Philemon
Approved rendering: Филимон
Transliteration: Fylymon
Doctrine: -
Original: Φιλήμων
Category: Proper Names
New proper name entry, established Ohienko transliteration form. The letter’s primary recipient, a believer and house-church host, likely in Colossae.
Apphia
Approved rendering: Апфія
Transliteration: Apfiya
Doctrine: -
Secondary proper name, Philemon 1:2. Standard Ohienko-consistent transliteration; automated review sufficient.
Archippus
Approved rendering: Архип
Transliteration: Arkhyp
Doctrine: -
Secondary proper name, Philemon 1:2. Standard transliteration; automated review sufficient.
Epaphras
Approved rendering: Єпафрас
Transliteration: Yepafras
Doctrine: -
Secondary proper name, Philemon 1:23, described as Paul’s fellow prisoner (συναιχμάλωτος). Standard transliteration; automated review sufficient for the name itself, though see fellow_prisoner entry above for the descriptive term applied to him.
Timothy
Approved rendering: Тимофій
Transliteration: Tymofiy
Doctrine: -
Secondary proper name, Philemon 1:1, co-sender of the letter. Standard transliteration; automated review sufficient.
Mark Luke Aristarchus Demas
Approved rendering: Марк, Аристарх, Димас, Лука
Transliteration: Mark, Arystarkh, Dymas, Luka
Doctrine: -
Secondary proper names in the closing greeting list, Philemon 1:24 (συνεργοί μου, ‘my fellow workers’). Standard Ohienko-consistent transliterations, grouped here for completeness; automated review sufficient.
Referenced passages