Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Hebrews (English → Ukrainian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across all thirteen chapters of Hebrews, including the core passage (9:11-28). Terms already fixed by the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE] and MUST be reused exactly with no deviation. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are candidates for addition to translation memory. Risk tiers follow doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions (Critical/High require human theologian review; Medium requires native speaker review; Low requires automated review only).
Table 1 — Christ’s Person and Superiority (Chapters 1–2)
| # | English term | Greek / translit. | Ukrainian rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Son (of God) | υἱός / huios | Син (Божий) | Medium | [BASELINE] | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | Superiority of Christ over Angels | Reuses baseline Син Божий; here emphasized as final revelation-medium, superior to prophets and angels. |
| 2 | angel | ἄγγελος / angelos | ангел | Medium | [NEW] | 1, 2, 12, 13 | Superiority of Christ over Angels | Uncontested lexically; risk is theological framing (Christ’s superiority), not translation. |
| 3 | radiance / effulgence | ἀπαύγασμα / apaugasma | сяйво (слави) | Medium | [NEW] | 1 | Superiority of Christ over Angels | Christ radiates, not merely reflects, God’s glory. |
| 4 | exact imprint / nature (of God) | χαρακτήρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως / charaktēr tēs hypostaseōs | образ Його істоти | Critical | [NEW] | 1 | Superiority of Christ over Angels | ὑπόστασις here = “essence/being,” NOT to be transliterated as іпостась (reserved for Trinitarian “Person” in Orthodox/Greek Catholic catechesis). See also #78 below. |
| 5 | firstborn | πρωτότοκος / prōtotokos | первородний | Medium | [NEW] | 1, 12 | Superiority of Christ over Angels | Rank/preeminence, not birth order. |
| 6 | ministering spirits | λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα / leitourgika pneumata | служебні духи | Medium | [NEW] | 1 | Superiority of Christ over Angels | See λειτουργία caution (#54). |
| 7 | salvation | σωτηρία / sōtēria | спасіння | Critical | [BASELINE] | 2, 9 (core) | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Perseverance and Assurance | Must anchor to Christ’s death/resurrection, per baseline instruction; never left to default into any one tradition’s system. |
| 8 | pioneer / founder | ἀρχηγός / archēgos | вождь / засновник | Medium | [NEW] | 2, 12 | Christ as Great High Priest | Christ opens the way ahead of his people; echoed with τελειωτής (#66) in Ch.12. |
| 9 | brother | ἀδελφός / adelphos | брат | Low | [NEW] | 2 | Christ as Great High Priest | Christ’s genuine kinship with believers. |
| 10 | devil | διάβολος / diabolos | диявол | Low | [NEW] | 2 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Standard, uncontested term. |
| 11 | propitiation (make atonement) | ἱλάσκομαι / hilaskomai | учинити примирення / очищення за грір | Critical | [NEW] | 2 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Cross-reference to Romans 3:25 escalation rule (baseline); same root as ἱλαστήριον (#42) and #45. Mandatory theologian review. |
| 12 | high priest | ἀρχιερεύς / archiereus | первосвященик | Critical | [NEW] | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (core), 10 | Christ as Great High Priest | NEVER архієрей (= “bishop” in modern Ukrainian ecclesiastical usage). Book’s single most load-bearing office-term. |
| 13 | tempted / tested | πειράζω / peirazō | спокушений / випробуваний | Medium | [NEW] | 2, 4 | Christ as Great High Priest | Grounds Christ’s sympathetic priesthood. |
Table 2 — Moses, Rest, and Access (Chapters 3–4)
| # | English term | Greek / translit. | Ukrainian rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 | faithful | πιστός / pistos | вірний | Medium | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 3 | Superiority of Christ over Moses | Both Moses and Christ faithful; Christ as Son, Moses as servant. |
| 15 | Moses | Μωϋσῆς / Mōysēs | Мойсей | Low | [BASELINE transliteration standard] | 3, 9 (core), 11, 12 | Superiority of Christ over Moses | Fixed proper-name form. |
| 16 | unbelief | ἀπιστία / apistia | невірство / недовіра | High | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 3 | Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | Paradigm case: Israel’s wilderness unbelief. |
| 17 | harden (the heart) | σκληρύνω / sklērynō | озлобляти / затверджувати (серце) | High | [NEW] | 3 | Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | Present-tense urgency (“today”). |
| 18 | fall away / apostasy | ἀφίστημι / aphistēmi | відступати (від Бога живого) | Critical | [NEW] | 3, 6, 10, 12 | Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | Recurring keyword; render identically at every occurrence (3:12, 6:6-family, 10:26-31, 12:25). |
| 19 | partaker / partner | μέτοχος / metochos | співучасник / спільник | Medium | [NEW] | 3 | Superiority of Christ over Moses | Shared identity with Christ and the heavenly calling. |
| 20 | rest | κατάπαυσις / katapausis | відпочинок / спокій | High | [NEW] | 4 | Perseverance and Assurance | Eschatological rest, typologically beyond Canaan. |
| 21 | Sabbath rest | σαββατισμός / sabbatismos | суботство / суботній відпочинок | Medium | [NEW] | 4 | Perseverance and Assurance | Must not be read as endorsing Sabbatarian practice specifically. |
| 22 | word of God | λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ / logos tou theou | Слово Боже | High | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 4 | Faith of the Old Testament Saints (Scripture) | “Living and active,” piercing discernment. |
| 23 | soul and spirit | ψυχή / πνεῦμα / psychē / pneuma | душа і дух | Medium | [NEW] | 4 | Perseverance and Assurance | Innermost dimensions the Word discerns. |
| 24 | boldness / confidence | παρρησία / parrhēsia | дерзновення | High | [NEW] | 4, 10 | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | Recurring keyword (also 4:16, 10:19, 10:35); alt. Ohienko “відвага.” |
| 25 | throne of grace | θρόνος τῆς χάριτος / thronos tēs charitos | престол благодаті | High | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 4 | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | Builds on baseline благодать (Critical, three-traditions caution applies). |
| 26 | sympathize | συμπαθέω / sympatheō | співчувати | Medium | [NEW] | 4 | Christ as Great High Priest | Christ’s tested, compassionate high priesthood. |
Table 3 — Melchizedek and the Priesthood (Chapters 5–7)
| # | English term | Greek / translit. | Ukrainian rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 | Melchizedek | Μελχισεδέκ / Melchisedek | Мелхиседек | Medium | [NEW] | 5, 6, 7 | Christ as Great High Priest | Type of Christ’s non-Levitical priesthood. |
| 28 | order (priestly) | τάξις / taxis | чин | High | [NEW] | 5, 6, 7 | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | A different priestly order, not a violation of the Aaronic system. |
| 29 | weakness | ἀσθένεια / astheneia | слабкість / неміч | Medium | [NEW] | 5, 7 | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | Every human high priest’s limitation, contrasted with Christ. |
| 30 | obedience | ὑπακοή / hypakoē | послух | Medium | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 5 | Christ as Great High Priest | Genuine, tested obedience learned through suffering. |
| 31 | made perfect | τελειόω / teleioō | зроблений досконалим / удосконалений | High | [NEW] | 5, 7, 10 | Christ as Great High Priest; Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Vocational/priestly completion, not moral correction — must be stated explicitly. |
| 32 | milk / solid food | γάλα / στερεὰ τροφή | молоко / тверда поживa | Low | [NEW] | 5 | (pedagogical metaphor) | Spiritual maturity image. |
| 33 | fall away (severe warning) | παραπίπτω / parapiptō | відпасти | Critical | [NEW] | 6 | Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | The letter’s starkest apostasy warning. |
| 34 | crucify again | ἀνασταυρόω / anastauroō | знову розпинати | High | [NEW] | 6 | Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | Must not be softened; vivid, severe image. |
| 35 | hold up to contempt | παραδειγματίζω / paradeigmatizō | прилюдно осоромлювати | High | [NEW] | 6 | Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | Intensifies #34. |
| 36 | anchor (of hope) | ἄγκυρα / ankyra | якір | Low | [NEW] | 6 | Perseverance and Assurance | Pastoral counterweight to the warning. |
| 37 | oath | ὅρκος / horkos | клятва | Medium | [NEW] | 6, 7 | The New Covenant versus the Old | God’s oath guarantees the promise beyond mere word; grounds Christ’s unchangeable priesthood (7:20-21). |
| 38 | veil / curtain | καταπέτασμα / katapetasma | завіса | High | [NEW] | 6, 9 (core), 10 | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | Collides with the Orthodox/Greek Catholic iconostasis curtain; must be explicitly framed as the barrier Christ’s death has already, once for all, removed. |
| 39 | forerunner | πρόδρομος / prodromos | предтеча | Medium | [NEW] | 6 | Christ as Great High Priest | Jesus goes ahead, securing the way. |
| 40 | priesthood | ἱερωσύνη / hierōsynē | священство | Critical | [NEW] | 7 | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | Central institutional category; see global risk note in 07. |
| 41 | Levitical | Λευιτικός / Leuitikos | левитський | High | [NEW] | 7 | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | The old, hereditary priesthood — distinct referent from any later Christian priestly office. |
| 42 | without genealogy | ἀγενεαλόγητος (+ ἀμήτωρ, ἀπάτωρ) / agenealogētos | без роду (без батька, без матері) | Medium | [NEW] | 7 | Christ as Great High Priest | Melchizedek’s mysterious lineage-free appearance prefigures Christ’s eternal priesthood. |
| 43 | indestructible life | ἀκατάλυτος ζωή / akatalytos zōē | незнищенне життя | High | [NEW] | 7 | Christ as Great High Priest | Basis of Christ’s priesthood: resurrection life, not genealogy. |
| 44 | unchangeable (priesthood) | ἀπαράβατος / aparabatos | незмінне / непорушне (священство) | High | [NEW] | 7 | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | Christ alone continues forever; no successor needed. |
| 45 | guarantor / surety | ἔγγυος / engyos | порука / гарант | Medium | [NEW] | 7 | The New Covenant versus the Old | Legal-financial metaphor for Christ’s absolute reliability. |
| 46 | tithe | δεκάτη / dekatē | десятина | Low | [NEW] | 7 | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | Levi (through Abraham) tithed to Melchizedek. |
| 47 | intercede | ἐντυγχάνω / entynchanō | клопотатися (заступатися) | High | [BASELINE] | 7 | Christ as Great High Priest | Reuses клопотання pattern; must be distinguished from заступництво (saints’/Theotokos intercession). |
Table 4 — Covenant, Sanctuary, and Atonement (Chapters 8–9 and Core Passage 9:11-28)
| # | English term | Greek / translit. | Ukrainian rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 | new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη / kainē diathēkē | новий завіт | Critical | [BASELINE] | 8 | The New Covenant versus the Old | Chapter’s climax; quotes Jeremiah 31 in full. |
| 49 | first / old covenant | πρώτη διαθήκη / prōtē diathēkē | перший завіт | High | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 8 | The New Covenant versus the Old | ”Obsolete” because fulfilled, not because defective per se. |
| 50 | obsolete / growing old | παλαιόω / palaioō | застарілий / старіти | High | [NEW] | 8 | The New Covenant versus the Old | Must not be read as disparaging the OT as Scripture (cf. doctrine “Faith of OT Saints,” Ch.11). |
| 51 | shadow | σκιά / skia | тінь | Medium | [NEW] | 8, 9, 10 | The New Covenant versus the Old | Law/priesthood as shadow, not the substance itself. |
| 52 | mediator | μεσίτης / mesitēs | посередник | High | [NEW] | 8, 9 (core), 12 | The New Covenant versus the Old | Risk of resonance with заступництво/saints’ intercession; Christ’s mediatorship is unique and unrepeatable. |
| 53 | minister / ministry | λειτουργός / λειτουργία | служитель / служіння | High | [NEW] | 8, 9 (core), 10 | The New Covenant versus the Old | See #54; NEVER rendered as літургія. |
| 54 | ministry / service (cultic) | λειτουργία / leitourgia | служіння | High | [NEW] | 1, 8, 9 (core) | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | Etymological root of “літургія” — must not import Eucharistic-rite associations into plain OT-priestly-service references. |
| 55 | tabernacle / tent | σκηνή / skēnē | скинія | Medium | [NEW] | 8, 9 (core) | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | Established OT-narrative term (Ohienko). |
| 56 | Holy of Holies | ἅγια ἁγίων / hagia hagiōn | Святеє Святих | High | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 9 | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | Builds on baseline святий/святі; entered once for all by Christ. |
| 57 | mercy seat / atonement cover | ἱλαστήριον / hilastērion | flagged — requires cross-check with Rom 3:25 | Critical | [NEW] | 9 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Same root as #11 (ἱλάσκομαι); must not be independently improvised — mandatory theologian review and consistency check against Romans 3:25 rendering. |
| 58 | worship / divine service | λατρεία / latreia | богослужіння | Medium | [NEW] | 9 | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | The regulated OT cultic system. |
| 59 | high priest / holy places (repeated) | ἀρχιερεύς / τὰ ἅγια | первосвященик / святиня | Critical / High | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 9 (core) | Christ as Great High Priest | See #12; святиня for τὰ ἅγια (heavenly or earthly sanctuary per context). |
| 60 | blood | αἷμα / haima | кров | High | [NEW] | 9 (core), 10, 12, 13 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God through Christ’s Blood | Central atonement-vocabulary term; must retain full, literal, historical force. |
| 61 | once for all / once | ἅπαξ, ἐφάπαξ / hapax, ephapax | раз (назавжди) | Critical | [NEW] | 9 (core), 10 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Doctrinal hinge; contrasted with #62. Render with total consistency. |
| 62 | repeatedly / many times | πολλάκις / pollakis | багато разів | Critical | [NEW] | 9 (core), 10 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Direct contrastive opposite of #61. |
| 63 | redemption | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις / lytrōsis / apolytrōsis | відкуплення (Ohienko) / визволення | High | [NEW] | 9 (core) | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Permanent, unlike repeated animal atonement. |
| 64 | conscience | συνείδησις / syneidēsis | совість | Critical | [NEW] | 9 (core), 10 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | The inner faculty Christ’s blood cleanses, unlike OT ritual, which reached only the “flesh.” |
| 65 | dead works | νεκρὰ ἔργα / nekra erga | мертві діла | High | [NEW] | 9 (core) | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | The obsolete sacrificial system, not “evil deeds” generally. |
| 66 | serve / worship (verb) | λατρεύω / latreuō | служити | Medium | [NEW] | 9 (core), 12 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | True worship, freed by a cleansed conscience. |
| 67 | offer (a sacrifice) | προσφέρω / prospherō | приносити / принести (в жертву) | Critical | [NEW] | 9 (core), 10 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Christ as both priest and offering. |
| 68 | without blemish | ἄμωμος / amōmos | непорочний | High | [NEW] | 9 (core) | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Christ’s sinlessness qualifies him as the perfect offering. |
| 69 | testament / will (legal) | διαθήκη (legal-will sense) / diathēkē | завіт (with expository note on заповіт) | Critical | [NEW — structural gap] | 9 (core) | The New Covenant versus the Old | Greek’s double sense (covenant/will) cannot be reproduced lexically; must be carried by exposition. Mandatory theologian review. |
| 70 | transgression | παράβασις / parabasis | переступ / провина | Medium | [NEW] | 9 (core) | The New Covenant versus the Old | Sins committed under the first covenant. |
| 71 | inheritance | κληρονομία / klēronomia | спадщина | Medium | [NEW] | 9 (core) | The New Covenant versus the Old | Believers as heirs of the promise. |
| 72 | shedding of blood | αἱματεκχυσία / haimatekchysia | проливання крові | High | [NEW] | 9 (core) | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Rare coinage; underscores necessity of genuine death. |
| 73 | forgiveness / release | ἄφεσις / aphesis | прощення / відпущення (гріхів) | High | [NEW] | 9 (core) | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Full, unqualified force must be retained. |
| 74 | copy / pattern | ὑπόδειγμα, ἀντίτυπον / hypodeigma, antitypon | образ / зразок / відображення | Medium | [NEW] | 9 (core) | The New Covenant versus the Old | Earthly sanctuary as sketch of heavenly reality. |
| 75 | better | κρείττων / kreittōn | кращий / досконаліший | Medium | [NEW] | 9 (core) and throughout | (comparative keyword across all doctrines) | Hebrews’ signature comparative term (~13 occurrences: covenant, priesthood, sacrifices, promises, resurrection, country). |
| 76 | sacrifice | θυσία / thysia | жертва | Critical | [NEW] | 9 (core), 10, 13 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Collides with Eucharistic “Безкровна Жертва” language; must be anchored to the historical crucifixion event throughout. |
| 77 | appear (before God) | ἐμφανίζω / emphanizō | з’явитися | Medium | [NEW] | 9 (core) | Christ as Great High Priest | Christ’s ongoing heavenly intercessory presence. |
| 78 | put away / annul (sin) | ἀθέτησις / athetēsis | усунення / скасування (гріха) | High | [NEW] | 9 (core) | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Stronger than mere case-by-case forgiveness; sin as a ruling reality is nullified. |
| 79 | judgment | κρίσις / krisis | суд | High | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 9 (core) | Perseverance and Assurance | The universal human sequel to death; contrasted with Christ’s non-judgmental second appearing for believers. |
| 80 | bear (sins) | ἀναφέρω / anapherō | понести (грір) | High | [NEW] | 9 (core) | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Echoes Isaiah 53; substitutionary bearing of others’ sin. |
| 81 | eagerly await | ἀπεκδέχομαι / apekdechomai | з надією чекати / очікувати | Medium | [NEW] | 9 (core) | Perseverance and Assurance | Hopeful, not fearful, posture toward Christ’s return; strong wartime pastoral resonance. |
Table 5 — Warning, Faith, and Perseverance (Chapters 10–12)
| # | English term | Greek / translit. | Ukrainian rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 82 | sanctification | ἁγιασμός / hagiasmos | освячення | Critical | [BASELINE] | 10 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Distinct sense here (definitive, completed status) from Romans 6-8’s ongoing moral-transformation sense; must not collapse into folk свячення паски sense. |
| 83 | sin deliberately | ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω / hekousiōs hamartanō | грішити свавільно | Critical | [NEW] | 10 | Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | Targets willful, persistent rejection of truth, not every failure or weakness of sin generally (#84 baseline). |
| 84 | sin | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | грір | High | [BASELINE] | throughout | (universal category) | Reused exactly per baseline. |
| 85 | endurance / perseverance | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | терпіння / витривалість | Medium | [NEW] | 10, 12 | Perseverance and Assurance | Recurring keyword. |
| 86 | shrink back | ὑποστολή / hypostolē | відступ / ухилення | High | [NEW] | 10 | Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | Opposite of commended faith; transitions directly into Ch.11. |
| 87 | faith | πίστις / pistis | віра | Critical | [BASELINE] | 10, 11 (throughout) | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | Central organizing theme of Ch.11. |
| 88 | assurance / substance (of hope) | ὑπόστασις / hypostasis | здійснення (Ohienko) | Critical | [NEW — structural risk, twin of #4] | 11 | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | NEVER іпостась; same rare word as #4 in a different sense — flag both occurrences for identical cross-referenced theologian review. |
| 89 | evidence / conviction | ἔλεγχος / elenchos | доказ / переконання | Medium | [NEW] | 11 | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | Legal-evidentiary metaphor for unseen realities. |
| 90 | strangers and exiles | ξένος καὶ παρεπίδημος / xenos kai parepidēmos | чужинці і подорожні (мандрівники) | Medium | [NEW] | 11 | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | Strong, unforced resonance for wartime displaced/refugee readers, parallel to the baseline’s usynovlennya note. |
| 91 | homeland / heavenly city | πατρίς / πόλις ἐπουράνιος | батьківщина / небесне місто | Medium | [NEW] | 11 | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | The patriarchs’ true, ultimate destination. |
| 92 | cloud of witnesses | νέφος μαρτύρων / nephos martyrōn | хмара свідків | Low | [NEW] | 12 | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | Ch.11’s heroes now pictured as surrounding witnesses. |
| 93 | founder and perfecter | ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειωτής / archēgos kai teleiōtēs | вождь і звершитель (віри) | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | Christ as Great High Priest | Echoes #8. |
| 94 | discipline / training | παιδεία / paideia | виховання / покарання | High | [NEW] | 12 | Perseverance and Assurance | Fatherly discipline as evidence of sonship; sensitive given wartime trauma discourse — flag for pastoral framing. |
| 95 | root of bitterness | ῥίζα πικρίας / rhiza pikrias | корінь гіркоти | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | Perseverance and Assurance | Warning against corrosive resentment within community. |
| 96 | Mount Sinai / Mount Zion | ὄρος Σινᾶ / ὄρος Σιών | гора Синай / гора Сіон | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | The New Covenant versus the Old | Climactic old-covenant/new-covenant contrast. |
| 97 | heavenly Jerusalem | Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος / Hierousalēm epouranios | небесний Єрусалим | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | The New Covenant versus the Old | Believers’ present spiritual citizenship. |
| 98 | assembly of the firstborn | ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων / ekklēsia prōtotokōn | собор первородних | High | [BASELINE] | 12 | Church as God’s People (imported doctrine) | Uses церква’s full theological sense; see baseline Critical caution on церква generally. |
| 99 | blood of sprinkling | αἷμα ῥαντισμοῦ / haima rhantismou | кров окроплення | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | Christ’s blood “speaks a better word” than Abel’s. |
| 100 | unshakeable kingdom | βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος / basileia asaleutos | непорушне царство | High | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 12 | (Kingdom doctrine, imported) | Compounds baseline’s existing царство/imperial-resonance caution; must not be misheard as promising a specific earthly political outcome. |
| 101 | consuming fire | πῦρ καταναλίσκον / pyr katanaliskon | вогонь, що поїдає | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | Perseverance and Assurance | Grounds reverence, not casual familiarity, before God. |
Table 6 — Closing Exhortations (Chapter 13)
| # | English term | Greek / translit. | Ukrainian rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 102 | brotherly love | φιλαδελφία / philadelphia | братолюбство | Low | [NEW] | 13 | (community ethics) | Standard, uncontested term. |
| 103 | hospitality | φιλοξενία / philoxenia | гостинність | Medium | [NEW] | 13 | (community ethics) | Concrete, currently vital practice amid wartime displacement. |
| 104 | altar | θυσιαστήριον / thysiastērion | жертівник | Critical | [NEW] | 13 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Identical word to the physical altar/holy table in every Orthodox/Greek Catholic sanctuary; disputed referent must be flagged, not silently resolved. |
| 105 | sacrifice of praise | θυσία αἰνέσεως / thysia aineseōs | жертва хвали | Medium | [NEW] | 13 | (worship ethics) | Reframes θυσία (#76) toward verbal, spiritual offering. |
| 106 | great shepherd | ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ μέγας / ho poimēn ho megas | великий Пастир | Low | [NEW] | 13 | Christ as Great High Priest | Warm, pastoral closing image. |
| 107 | blood of the eternal covenant | αἷμα διαθήκης αἰωνίου / haima diathēkēs aiōniou | кров вічного завіту | High | [BASELINE-adjacent] | 13 | The New Covenant versus the Old | Bookends 9:20’s “blood of the covenant,” now marked eternal. |
| 108 | leaders | ἡγούμενοι / hēgoumenoi | наставники / провідники | Medium | [NEW] | 13 | (church governance ethics) | Sensitive given existing baseline caution on authority passages (Rom 13) in wartime Ukraine. |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2
- All terms marked [BASELINE] must be copied verbatim into the Hebrews-extended
translation_memory.jsonwith no modification. - All terms marked [NEW] are candidates for addition; Critical and High risk new terms require theologian sign-off before entering translation memory, per the baseline’s Step 8/Step 16 workflow.
- Terms #4 and #88 (both ὑπόστασις) must be recorded as a single cross-referenced entry pair in translation memory, given their shared Greek headword and divergent senses.
- Term #57 (ἱλαστήριον) and #11 (ἱλάσκομαι) must not be finalized independently of whatever rendering is eventually fixed for Romans 3:25 in the shared cross-curriculum glossary.
- Term #104 (θυσιαστήριον, Heb 13:10) requires explicit theologian-authored exposition before any Phase 2 segment translation proceeds, given its direct lexical identity with contemporary Orthodox/Greek Catholic church furniture.
See 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter theological argumentation supporting every entry above.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blahodat’
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: милість, талан, щастя
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: three living Ukrainian traditions hold three distinct accounts of grace. Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 4:16’s ‘throne of grace’ and 10:29’s warning against ‘outraging the Spirit of grace’ both build directly on this term; the three-traditions caution applies with full force in both passages.
Faith
Approved rendering: віра
Transliteration: vira
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: довіра, переконання
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (there rated High; elevated to Critical for this curriculum because Hebrews 11’s entire chapter and 10:38-39’s quotation of Habakkuk 2:4 make віра the organizing theme of the letter’s climactic doctrine). Must read as personal, active trust demonstrated in costly action, never confessional/institutional identity.
Justification
Approved rendering: виправдання
Transliteration: vypravdannya
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: прощення гріхів, оправдання (Russian-influenced spelling, avoid)
Inherited from Romans package. Not a frequent explicit noun in Hebrews, but the letter’s whole argument (a definitive, once-for-all change of status before God, distinct from ongoing ritual repetition) presupposes this forensic category; must not collapse into ‘forgiveness’ alone, exactly the caution this book’s own conscience/συνείδησις term also carries.
Salvation
Approved rendering: спасіння
Transliteration: spasinnya
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: визволення, рятування (too generic, ‘rescue’)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 2:3 (‘so great a salvation’) and 9:28 (Christ’s second appearing ‘for salvation’) require спасіння anchored to Christ’s completed death and resurrection, never left to default into any one tradition’s fuller eschatological system.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: освячення
Transliteration: osvyachennya
Doctrine: Sanctification through Christ’s Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: обоження (reserve for explicit theosis discussion only), очищення
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL EXTENSION FOR HEBREWS: Hebrews 10:10, 10:14 use ἁγιασμός in a THIRD distinct sense beyond the baseline’s two (Romans 6-8’s ongoing moral-transformation sense; the everyday folk sense of свячення паски) — a definitive, completed status secured once for all by Christ’s single sacrifice. All three senses must be explicitly disambiguated in exposition.
Church
Approved rendering: церква
Transliteration: tserkva
Doctrine: Church as the Assembly of the Firstborn
Rejected alternatives: храм, громада (acceptable for local congregation emphasis)
Inherited from Romans package. Directly underlies the Hebrews-specific term assembly_of_the_firstborn (собор первородних, 12:23), which deploys церква’s full theological sense; the Critical jurisdiction-neutrality caution (OCU/UOC/UGCC) applies with full force.
Exact Imprint Of Being
Approved rendering: образ Його істоти
Transliteration: obraz Yoho istoty
Doctrine: Christ’s Divine Nature and Exact Representation of God
Rejected alternatives: іпостась (NEVER — reserved in living Ukrainian Orthodox/Greek Catholic catechesis for a Trinitarian ‘Person’)
Original: χαρακτήρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως
Category: Christology
NEW. χαρακτήρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως, Hebrews 1:3. Early, non-technical sense of ὑπόστασις (‘substance/being’), distinct from its sense at 11:1 (see assurance_substance_of_hope). Must be cross-referenced in review with that entry; mandatory theologian review for both occurrences.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: учинити примирення / очищення за грiх
Transliteration: uchynyty prymyrennya / ochyshchennya za hrikh
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement for Sin
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Atonement
NEW. ἱλάσκομαι, Hebrews 2:17. Shares its root with mercy_seat (ἱλαστήριον, 9:5) and directly triggers the baseline’s existing escalation rule for atonement/propitiation language originally flagged at Romans 3:25. Must be cross-checked for consistency with whatever rendering is finalized there. Mandatory theologian review.
High Priest
Approved rendering: первосвященик
Transliteration: pervosvyashchenyk
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: архієрей (NEVER — means ‘bishop’ in live, constant contemporary Ukrainian ecclesiastical usage)
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
NEW. ἀρχιερεύς, Hebrews 2:17-18; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25; 10:21. The book’s single most load-bearing office-term across nine chapters. Mandatory theologian review for first-occurrence framing and absolute consistency thereafter.
Fall Away Apostasy
Approved rendering: відступати (від Бога живого)
Transliteration: vidstupaty (vid Boha zhyvoho)
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀφίστημι
Category: Apostasy
NEW. ἀφίστημι, Hebrews 3:12. Anchors the recurring apostasy doctrine (6:6, 10:26-31, 12:25); render with absolute consistency across all four warning passages.
Fall Away Severe
Approved rendering: відпасти
Transliteration: vidpasty
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: παραπίπτω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. παραπίπτω, Hebrews 6:6. The letter’s starkest apostasy warning; theologically debated even within Protestantism (genuine believer vs. false professor); render with full severity, balanced by 6:9-12’s reassurance.
Priesthood
Approved rendering: священство
Transliteration: svyashchenstvo
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
NEW. ἱερωσύνη, Hebrews 7:11-12,14,24. The central institutional category; collides directly with the living, currently ordained priesthood in every Orthodox/Greek Catholic parish. Must be framed as addressing the OT system’s specific sin-offering function ending in Christ, never adjudicating any contemporary church’s clergy legitimacy.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: новий завіт
Transliteration: novyy zavit
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW. καινὴ διαθήκη, Hebrews 8:8,13; 9:15; 12:24. Chapter 8’s climax quoting Jeremiah 31:31-34 in full; the new covenant was always the divine plan, not a late improvisation.
Sacrifice
Approved rendering: жертва
Transliteration: zhertva
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσία
Category: Atonement
NEW. θυσία, Hebrews 9:23,26; 10:1-14; 13:15-16. Identical to the popular devotional description of the Eucharist as ‘Безкровна Жертва.’ Every Christological occurrence must be explicitly anchored to the historical, bodily crucifixion event, neither disputing nor endorsing any tradition’s Eucharistic theology.
Offer Sacrifice
Approved rendering: приносити / принести (в жертву)
Transliteration: prynosyty / prynesty (v zhertvu)
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: προσφέρω
Category: Atonement
NEW. προσφέρω, Hebrews 9:14,25,28; 10:12. Christ as both priest and offering — he ‘offered himself’; must remain consistent with sacrifice across 9:11-10:14.
Once For All
Approved rendering: раз (назавжди)
Transliteration: raz (nazavzhdy)
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ
Category: Atonement
NEW. ἅπαξ/ἐφάπαξ, Hebrews 9:12,26-28; 10:10. Doctrinal hinge; render with unwavering consistency, never softened to ‘at one point.’ Given the Divine Liturgy’s popular ‘Жертва’ language, must be explicitly taught as a completed, unrepeatable historical event.
Repeatedly
Approved rendering: багато разів
Transliteration: bahato raziv
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: sometimes/occasionally (never soften)
Original: πολλάκις
Category: Atonement
NEW. πολλάκις, Hebrews 9:25-26; 10:1-2,11. Direct contrastive opposite of once_for_all; must always render identically to preserve the rhetorical contrast.
Conscience
Approved rendering: совість
Transliteration: sovist’
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Atonement
NEW. συνείδησις, Hebrews 9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18. Must never be flattened into ‘forgiveness of sins’ alone; Christ’s sacrifice reaches the inner moral faculty in a way OT ritual never could — the theological peak of the core passage.
Testament Will
Approved rendering: завіт (з обов’язковим поясненням про заповіт)
Transliteration: zavit (z obov’yazkovym poyasnennyam pro zapovit)
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: заповіт alone (breaks lexical continuity with завіт elsewhere)
Original: διαθήκη (legal-will sense)
Category: Covenant
NEW. διαθήκη in its legal-will sense, Hebrews 9:16-17. CRITICAL structural gap: завіт (covenant) and заповіт (last will) are two distinct Ukrainian words; neither alone reproduces the author’s Greek wordplay. Retain завіт for consistency; supply mandatory expository comment at every occurrence. Mandatory theologian review.
Sin Deliberately
Approved rendering: грішити свавільно
Transliteration: hrishyty svavil’no
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω, Hebrews 10:26. Targets willful, persistent rejection of the truth, not every ordinary failure or weakness — must be explicitly distinguished from гріх generally.
Assurance Substance Of Hope
Approved rendering: здійснення
Transliteration: zdiysnennya
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: іпостась (NEVER — same reason as exact_imprint_of_being)
Original: ὑπόστασις
Category: Faith
NEW. ὑπόστασις, Hebrews 11:1. The same rare Greek word as 1:3, in a wholly different sense; both occurrences must avoid the Trinitarian technical transliteration and be cross-referenced in mandatory theologian review.
Altar
Approved rendering: жертівник
Transliteration: zhertivnyk
Doctrine: The Altar and the Sacrifice of Praise
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Atonement
NEW. θυσιαστήριον, Hebrews 13:10. Identical to жертівник/престол, the physical altar/holy table in every Orthodox/Greek Catholic sanctuary. The verse’s disputed referent (cross? Table? Christ himself?) must be flagged as an explicit interpretive choice requiring exposition, never silently resolved. Mandatory theologian review.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: [FLAGGED — pending cross-check with Romans 3:25 rendering; do not finalize independently]
Transliteration: hilastērion (untranslated pending review)
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement for Sin
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Atonement
NEW. ἱλαστήριον, Hebrews 9:5. The Ark’s golden atonement-cover; shares its verbal root with propitiation (2:17) and with the disputed Romans 3:25 occurrence applied to Christ. Must NOT be independently improvised; requires direct cross-checking against whatever rendering is finally adopted for Romans 3:25, plus mandatory human theologian review before any Phase 2 segment containing this term is finalized.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Євангеліє
Transliteration: Yevanheliye
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: добра звістка (acceptable as an explanatory gloss only)
Established term across all Ukrainian Christian traditions and the Ohienko translation. Inherited from Romans package. In Hebrews, ‘good news’ surfaces implicitly (Heb 4:2, ‘good news’ proclaimed to Israel in the wilderness); εὐαγγέλιον itself is rare in Hebrews, but the established rendering must be reused for cross-curriculum consistency wherever it occurs in exposition.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: праведність
Transliteration: pravednist’
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: справедливість, чесність
Inherited from Romans package. Used of Christ (Heb 1:9, quoting Psalm 45), of Noah (11:7), of Abel’s sacrifice (11:4), and of the ‘peaceful fruit of righteousness’ produced by discipline (12:11); справедливість remains a forbidden false-friend substitute throughout.
Saints
Approved rendering: святі
Transliteration: svyati
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: праведники
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews does not use this exact corporate address as frequently as Romans, but the same corporate-vs-venerated-minority caution applies wherever believers generally are described as set apart.
Adoption
Approved rendering: усиновлення
Transliteration: usynovlennya
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: прийняття в сім’ю
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews does not use υἱοθεσία directly, but 12:5-11’s sonship/discipline argument and 9:15’s inheritance language draw on the same family-inheritance theology; the wartime orphaned-children resonance the baseline flags applies with equal force.
Lord
Approved rendering: Господь
Transliteration: Hospod’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: хазяїн, владика (reserve for liturgical/poetic register only)
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout Hebrews’ OT quotations (1:10; 7:21; 8:2; 8:8-11 quoting Jeremiah) where κύριος renders YHWH; context must distinguish quotations addressed to God the Father from those addressed to the Son.
Peace
Approved rendering: мир
Transliteration: myr
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: спокій, затишшя
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 7:2 (Melchizedek, king of Salem = ‘king of peace’), 12:14 (‘strive for peace with everyone’), and 13:20 (‘God of peace’) all reuse this term; the baseline’s wartime-resonance caution applies with equal force, especially at 12:14 and 13:20.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Царство Боже
Transliteration: Tsarstvo Bozhe
Doctrine: The Unshakeable Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: держава Божа
Inherited from Romans package. Directly underlies the Hebrews-specific term unshakeable_kingdom (непорушне царство, 12:28); the caution about царство’s imperial-Russian resonance is compounded here by acute current wartime hope for a specific political/military outcome, which the eschatological referent must not be allowed to substitute.
Law
Approved rendering: закон
Transliteration: zakon
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: правило, заповідь (reserve for individual commandments)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (there rated Medium; elevated to High for this curriculum given the density of Hebrews 7-10’s argument about the Law’s priestly and sacrificial provisions, 7:12,19; 9:19; 10:1). No additional Ukraine-specific risk beyond the baseline’s own caution.
Sin
Approved rendering: гріх
Transliteration: hrikh
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: помилка, провина
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. The comprehensive category Christ’s sacrifice deals with once for all throughout Hebrews 9-10 (also 12:1, 12:4, 13:11); гріх must not narrow to mean only wartime atrocity, and must be distinguished from the Hebrews-specific sin_deliberately (грішити свавільно) for willful, persistent sin.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: послух віри
Transliteration: poslukh viry
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: релігійний обов’язок, дотримання обрядів
Inherited from Romans package. Distinct from the Hebrews-specific obedience_christ_learned (Christ’s own obedience, 5:8) and unbelief/ἀπιστία (3:19; 4:6,11); this baseline compound remains useful for describing believers’ own faith-obedience pattern (11:8, Abraham ‘when called, obeyed’).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Месія
Transliteration: Mesiya
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: рятівник світу (as a stand-alone substitute)
Inherited from Romans package. Христос functions in Hebrews, as elsewhere, as Jesus’ effective surname; 1:1-4, 5:5, and the letter’s overall OT-fulfillment argument should explicitly re-surface the Jewish messianic-fulfillment sense.
Covenant
Approved rendering: завіт
Transliteration: zavit
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: договір, угода
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL EXTENSION FOR HEBREWS: organizing category of Hebrews 7-10 and 12-13 (see new_covenant, first_covenant, testament_will below). завіт’s centrality (naming the two Testaments themselves) is a genuine asset, but the covenant/last-will double sense at 9:16-17 cannot be reproduced by завіт alone and must be carried by explicit exposition.
Election
Approved rendering: обрання
Transliteration: obrannya
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: доля, фатум, приречення (use only with careful qualification)
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 9:27’s ἀπόκειται (‘it is appointed for man to die once’) echoes this same caution against доля/фатум (impersonal fate); death and judgment are fixed by the personal, sovereign God, not blind fate.
Providence
Approved rendering: провидіння Боже
Transliteration: providinnya Bozhe
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: доля, випадок, карма (never use)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant background for Hebrews 9:27’s ‘appointed’ language and Chapter 11’s confidence that God governs redemptive history purposively; карма remains forbidden.
Promise
Approved rendering: обітниця
Transliteration: obitnytsya
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Hebrews 6:12-17; 7:6; 8:6; 9:15; 10:36; 11:9,13,17,33 — one of the letter’s most frequent covenant-vocabulary terms; requires the same OT covenant-chronology background the baseline flags for Galatians 3.
Unbelief
Approved rendering: невірство / недовіра
Transliteration: nevirstvo / nedovira
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Apostasy
NEW. ἀπιστία, Hebrews 3:12,19; 4:6,11. Active, culpable distrust of God, not mere intellectual doubt; the paradigm wilderness-generation warning example.
Harden Heart
Approved rendering: озлобляти / затверджувати (серце)
Transliteration: ozloblyaty / zatverdzhuvaty (sertse)
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: σκληρύνω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. σκληρύνω, Hebrews 3:8,13,15; 4:7. Present-tense (‘today’) urgency, not description of a merely past event.
Rest
Approved rendering: відпочинок / спокій
Transliteration: vidpochynok / spokiy
Doctrine: God’s Rest and the Living Word
Original: κατάπαυσις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. κατάπαυσις, Hebrews 3:11,18; 4:1,3,5,8,10-11. Eschatological rest of full covenant fellowship with God, not merely psychological calm; war-weary readers’ desire for rest may register pastorally without replacing the doctrine.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: Слово Боже
Transliteration: Slovo Bozhe
Doctrine: God’s Rest and the Living Word
Original: λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: God
NEW. λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ, Hebrews 4:12. ‘Living and active,’ piercing discernment; inherits the baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture caution about Scripture-within-Tradition (Передання) in the majority traditions.
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: дерзновення
Transliteration: derznovennya
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: відвага (alternative Ohienko rendering)
Original: παρρησία
Category: Faith
NEW. παρρησία, Hebrews 4:16; 10:19,35. Recurring keyword; confident, unashamed access before God, not generic emotional courage.
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: престол благодаті
Transliteration: prestol blahodati
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: God
NEW. Hebrews 4:16. Builds directly on the baseline’s Critical благодать term and its three-traditions caution; teach with the same explicit care.
Priestly Order
Approved rendering: чин
Transliteration: chyn
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: τάξις
Category: Priesthood
NEW. τάξις, Hebrews 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:11,17. A different priestly order, not a violation of or replacement scandal within the Aaronic system as such — must be stated explicitly.
Made Perfect
Approved rendering: зроблений досконалим / удосконалений
Transliteration: zroblenyy doskonalym / udoskonalenyy
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: τελειόω
Category: Christology
NEW. τελειόω, Hebrews 2:10; 5:9; 7:28; 10:14. Vocational/priestly completion, NEVER moral correction of a previously imperfect Christ — must be stated explicitly given both majority traditions’ doctrinal weight on Christ’s sinless perfection from conception.
Crucify Again
Approved rendering: знову розпинати
Transliteration: znovu rozpynaty
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀνασταυρόω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. ἀνασταυρόω, Hebrews 6:6. Vivid, severe image of apostasy; must not be softened.
Hold Up To Contempt
Approved rendering: прилюдно осоромлювати
Transliteration: prylyudno osoromlyuvaty
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: παραδειγματίζω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. παραδειγματίζω, Hebrews 6:6. Intensifies crucify_again; must retain matching severity.
Veil Curtain
Approved rendering: завіса
Transliteration: zavisa
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Covenant
NEW. καταπέτασμα, Hebrews 6:19; 9:3; 10:20. Directly evokes the iconostasis curtain/royal doors physically present in every Orthodox and Greek Catholic church; must be framed exclusively as a completed historical event (already removed by Christ), never as commentary on contemporary church architecture or practice.
Levitical
Approved rendering: левитський
Transliteration: levytskyy
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: Λευιτικός
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Λευιτικός, Hebrews 7:11. The old, hereditary priesthood — a wholly distinct historical institution from any later Christian ordained priesthood; must be stated explicitly.
Indestructible Life
Approved rendering: незнищенне життя
Transliteration: neznyshchenne zhyttya
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀκατάλυτος ζωή
Category: Priesthood
NEW. ἀκατάλυτος ζωή, Hebrews 7:16. Basis of Christ’s priesthood: resurrection life, not genealogical succession.
Unchangeable Priesthood
Approved rendering: незмінне / непорушне (священство)
Transliteration: nezminne / neporushne (svyashchenstvo)
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἀπαράβατος
Category: Priesthood
NEW. ἀπαράβατος, Hebrews 7:23-24. Christ’s priesthood needs no successor, unlike mortal Levitical priests.
Intercede
Approved rendering: клопотатися (заступатися)
Transliteration: klopotatysya (zastupatysya)
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: заступництво (reserve for saints’/Theotokos intercession)
Original: ἐντυγχάνω
Category: Priesthood
NEW. ἐντυγχάνω, Hebrews 7:25. Christ ‘always lives to intercede’; must be distinguished explicitly from заступництво, the term almost exclusively reserved for saints’/Theotokos intercessory devotion.
Mediator
Approved rendering: посередник
Transliteration: poserednyk
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Priesthood
NEW. μεσίτης, Hebrews 8:6; 9:15; 12:24. Christ’s unique, unrepeated mediatorial office; risk of blurring with заступництво as with intercede above.
First Covenant
Approved rendering: перший завіт
Transliteration: pershyy zavit
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: πρώτη διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW. πρώτη διαθήκη, Hebrews 8:7,13; 9:1,15,18. ‘Obsolete’ because fulfilled, not defective in itself; must be taught alongside Faith of the OT Saints (Ch. 11) so as never to disparage the covenant or the Scripture recording it.
Obsolete Growing Old
Approved rendering: застарілий / старіти
Transliteration: zastarilyy / staraty
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παλαιόω
Category: Covenant
NEW. παλαιόω, Hebrews 8:13. Must not be read as disparaging the OT as Scripture; the sacrificial-priestly system is fulfilled and ended, not the Scriptures invalid.
Ministry Service
Approved rendering: служитель / служіння
Transliteration: sluzhytel’ / sluzhinnya
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: літургія (NEVER — the standard name for the Divine Liturgy)
Original: λειτουργός / λειτουργία
Category: Priesthood
NEW. λειτουργός/λειτουργία, Hebrews 1:14; 8:2,6; 9:1,21; 10:11. λειτουργία is the direct etymological ancestor of Ukrainian літургія; must render as служитель/служіння, never as the loan-cognate, to avoid anachronistically importing Eucharistic-rite associations. Flag every occurrence for native speaker review.
Holy Of Holies
Approved rendering: Святеє Святих
Transliteration: Svyateye Svyatykh
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἅγια ἁγίων
Category: Covenant
NEW. ἅγια ἁγίων, Hebrews 9:3,11-12. Established Ohienko phrase; builds on baseline святий/святі family and must be distinguished from the everyday veneration-of-saints association.
Holy Places
Approved rendering: святиня
Transliteration: svyatynya
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: τὰ ἅγια
Category: Covenant
NEW. τὰ ἅγια, Hebrews 9:8,12,24-25. Disambiguate by context on each occurrence — earthly or heavenly sanctuary.
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: непорочний
Transliteration: neporochnyy
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Atonement
NEW. ἄμωμος, Hebrews 9:14. Christ’s literal moral sinlessness qualifies him as the perfect offering, not merely ceremonial fitness.
Blood
Approved rendering: кров
Transliteration: krov
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: αἷμα
Category: Atonement
NEW. αἷμα, Hebrews 9:7,12-14,18-22,25; 10:4,19,29; 12:24; 13:11-12,20. Must retain full, literal, historical force throughout; never softened into a purely symbolic reading.
Redemption
Approved rendering: відкуплення / визволення
Transliteration: vidkuplennya / vyzvolennya
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Atonement
NEW. λύτρωσις/ἀπολύτρωσις, Hebrews 9:12,15. Permanent, unlike the repeated, provisional atonement of the Day of Atonement; відкуплення follows Ohienko.
Dead Works
Approved rendering: мертві діла
Transliteration: mertvi dila
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Atonement
NEW. νεκρὰ ἔργα, Hebrews 6:1; 9:14. The obsolete sacrificial system specifically, not ‘evil deeds’ generally — echoes the baseline’s caution for діла закону in Galatians.
Shedding Of Blood
Approved rendering: проливання крові
Transliteration: prolyvannya krovi
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἱματεκχυσία
Category: Atonement
NEW. αἱματεκχυσία, Hebrews 9:22. Author’s rare coinage underscoring death, not merely ritual, is required; the maxim ‘without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness’ is frequently quoted stand-alone and must retain full force.
Forgiveness Release
Approved rendering: прощення / відпущення (гріхів)
Transliteration: proshchennya / vidpushchennya (hrikhiv)
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Atonement
NEW. ἄφεσις, Hebrews 9:22; 10:18. Must retain full, unqualified force.
Put Away Annul Sin
Approved rendering: усунення / скасування (гріха)
Transliteration: usunennya / skasuvannya (hrikha)
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀθέτησις
Category: Atonement
NEW. ἀθέτησις, Hebrews 9:26. Stronger than case-by-case forgiveness — sin as a ruling power/reality decisively set aside; requires explicit gloss on first use.
Judgment
Approved rendering: суд
Transliteration: sud
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: κρίσις
Category: Apostasy
NEW. κρίσις, Hebrews 9:27; 10:27. The universal, certain sequel to death, contrasted with Christ’s non-judgmental second appearing for believers (9:28); must be kept distinct from доля/фатум per the baseline’s election/providence caution.
Bear Sins
Approved rendering: понести (гріхи)
Transliteration: ponesty (hrikhy)
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀναφέρω
Category: Atonement
NEW. ἀναφέρω, Hebrews 9:28. Echoes Isaiah 53’s Servant who bears the sins of many; substitutionary bearing must be retained in accompanying exposition.
Shrink Back
Approved rendering: відступ / ухилення
Transliteration: vidstup / ukhylennya
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ὑποστολή
Category: Apostasy
NEW. ὑποστολή, Hebrews 10:39. Opposite of commended faith, transitioning directly into Chapter 11; keep lexically distinct from fall_away_apostasy/fall_away_severe.
Discipline Training
Approved rendering: виховання / покарання
Transliteration: vykhovannya / pokarannya
Doctrine: Divine Discipline and Fatherly Correction
Original: παιδεία / παιδεύω
Category: Faith
NEW. παιδεία, Hebrews 12:5-11. God’s fatherly discipline evidencing genuine sonship; requires mandatory pastoral framing so it is never misheard as implying wartime suffering is divine punishment for specific sin.
Assembly Of The Firstborn
Approved rendering: собор первородних
Transliteration: sobor pervorodnykh
Doctrine: Church as the Assembly of the Firstborn
Original: ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων
Category: Church
NEW. ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων, Hebrews 12:23. Uses церква’s full theological sense; inherits the baseline’s Critical church-jurisdiction caution (OCU/UOC/UGCC) — must read as the universal gathered people of God, never endorsing one visible body’s exclusive claim.
Unshakeable Kingdom
Approved rendering: непорушне царство
Transliteration: neporushne tsarstvo
Doctrine: The Unshakeable Kingdom
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος, Hebrews 12:28. Builds on the baseline’s Царство/imperial-Russian-resonance caution, compounded by acute current wartime hope for a specific political/military outcome; the eschatological, heavenly referent must be kept explicitly primary.
Blood Of The Eternal Covenant
Approved rendering: кров вічного завіту
Transliteration: krov vichnoho zavitu
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: αἷμα διαθήκης αἰωνίου
Category: Covenant
NEW. αἷμα διαθήκης αἰωνίου, Hebrews 13:20. Bookends 9:20’s ‘blood of the covenant,’ now marked eternal; consistency with that verse is essential.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: апостол
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship (extended: Christ’s Apostleship)
Rejected alternatives: посланець, проповідник
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 3:1 uniquely applies this term to Jesus himself (‘Jesus, the apostle and high priest of our confession’) — the only NT instance of ἀπόστολος applied to Christ; flag explicitly in exposition, do not silently normalize.
Called
Approved rendering: покликаний
Transliteration: poklykanyy
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: запрошений
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 9:15 (‘those who are called’ receive the eternal inheritance) and 11:8 (Abraham ‘when called’ obeyed) apply the established sense.
Calling
Approved rendering: покликання
Transliteration: poklykannya
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: призначення
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 3:1 speaks of believers as ‘partakers of a heavenly calling’; ground explicitly in God’s initiative, not secular self-actualization vocabulary.
Holy
Approved rendering: святий
Transliteration: svyatyy
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: чистий, непорочний
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ἅγια/ἅγια ἁγίων (‘holy places’/‘Holy of Holies’) throughout Hebrews 9-10; see holy_of_holies and holy_places for sanctuary-specific applications.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: воскресіння
Transliteration: voskresinnya
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: оживлення, реінкарнація
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 6:2 (resurrection of the dead as foundational teaching), 11:35 (OT saints who received loved ones back ‘by resurrection’), and 13:20 (God who ‘brought again from the dead’ the great Shepherd) all reuse this term.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Син Божий
Transliteration: Syn Bozhyy
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: божественний посланець
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors Hebrews 1:1-5, 4:14, 5:8, 6:6, 7:3, 10:29’s repeated Sonship Christology; underlies the Hebrews-specific ‘son’ entry (son_superior_to_angels) for the Chapter 1 argument specifically.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: втілення
Transliteration: vtilennya
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: аватар (never use), явлення
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds Hebrews 2:14 (‘he himself likewise partook of the same things,’ i.e. flesh and blood) and 10:5’s quotation of Psalm 40 (‘a body you have prepared for me’); shared icon theology’s cultural rooting remains an asset.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: духовні дари
Transliteration: dukhovni dary
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: екстрасенсорні здібності (never use), таланти
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 2:4 (‘distributed gifts of the Holy Spirit’) and 6:4 (‘shared in the Holy Spirit’) apply this category; the baseline’s post-Soviet folk-psychic caution applies unchanged.
Glory
Approved rendering: слава
Transliteration: slava
Doctrine: Christ’s Divine Nature and Exact Representation of God
Rejected alternatives: шана, велич
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 1:3 (‘radiance of the glory of God’), 2:7,9-10, 3:3, and 9:5 (‘cherubim of glory’) reuse this term; the caution about слава’s patriotic ‘Слава Україні’ resonance applies especially at 2:9-10’s exaltation-through-suffering argument.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: сила Божа
Transliteration: syla Bozha
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: енергія
Inherited from Romans package. Echoed at Hebrews 1:3 (‘upholding all things by the word of his power’) and 7:16 (Christ’s priesthood grounded in the ‘power of an indestructible life’); енергія remains forbidden for the same Palamite-collision reason.
Intercession
Approved rendering: клопотання
Transliteration: klopotannya
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: заступництво (reserve for saints’/Theotokos intercession contexts)
Inherited from Romans package. Directly underlies the Hebrews-specific intercede (ἐντυγχάνω, 7:25, ‘he always lives to intercede’); заступництво remains forbidden as a substitute for Christ’s unique, unrepeated intercessory office.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ісус
Transliteration: Isus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Иисус (Russian spelling, never use)
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout Hebrews (2:9; 3:1; 4:14; 6:20; 7:22; 10:19; 12:2,24; 13:8,12,20); the Ukrainian-specific single-і spelling must be preserved without exception.
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Boh
Doctrine: Christ’s Divine Nature and Exact Representation of God
Rejected alternatives: Всевишній (acceptable poetic synonym only)
Inherited from Romans package. Standard throughout Hebrews; no additional Hebrews-specific risk beyond the baseline’s own.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святий Дух
Transliteration: Svyatyy Dukh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use alone), енергія
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8; 10:15 all use this term; дух alone must never substitute, exactly the baseline’s caution against ‘бойовий дух’ collision.
Father
Approved rendering: Отець
Transliteration: Otets’
Doctrine: Divine Discipline and Fatherly Correction
Rejected alternatives: батюшка (reserve exclusively for addressing an Orthodox priest, and is itself a Russicism increasingly avoided)
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 12:7,9’s ‘discipline of the Father’/‘Father of spirits’ both reuse this established term; батюшка remains forbidden.
Abraham
Approved rendering: Авраам
Transliteration: Avraam
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Hebrews 6:13-15; 7:1-10; 11:8-19’s extended treatment of Abraham’s faith and Melchizedek’s tithe.
Son Superior To Angels
Approved rendering: Син (Божий)
Transliteration: Syn (Bozhyy)
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
NEW. Hebrews 1:1-2, 1:5-8. God’s final, superior revelation-medium, contrasted with prophets and angels; builds on baseline son_of_god. Risk is expository: readers must see the Son’s superiority as a difference in kind, not degree.
Radiance Of Glory
Approved rendering: сяйво (слави)
Transliteration: syaivo (slavy)
Doctrine: Christ’s Divine Nature and Exact Representation of God
Original: ἀπαύγασμα
Category: Christology
NEW. ἀπαύγασμα, Hebrews 1:3. Christ radiates, not merely reflects, God’s glory; builds on baseline glory term.
Firstborn
Approved rendering: первородний
Transliteration: pervorodnyy
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: πρωτότοκος
Category: Christology
NEW. πρωτότοκος, Hebrews 1:6, echoed 12:23. Rank/preeminence, not birth order.
Ministering Spirits
Approved rendering: служебні духи
Transliteration: sluzhebni dukhy
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα
Category: Christology
NEW. λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα, Hebrews 1:7,14. Angels serve; the Son reigns. Shares λειτουργία root with ministry_service; lower collision risk here since the referent is explicitly angelic, not priestly, service.
Angel
Approved rendering: ангел
Transliteration: anhel
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Christology
NEW. ἄγγελος, Hebrews 1-2, 12-13. Lexically uncontested; must guard against any reading that Christ is an exalted angel, a view held by some non-Trinitarian groups active in Ukraine.
Tempted Tested
Approved rendering: спокушений / випробуваний
Transliteration: spokushenyy / vyprobuvanyy
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: πειράζω
Category: Priesthood
NEW. πειράζω, Hebrews 2:18; 4:15. Grounds Christ’s sympathetic, effective high priesthood.
Sympathize
Approved rendering: співчувати
Transliteration: spivchuvaty
Doctrine: The Humanity and Solidarity of Christ with Believers
Original: συμπαθέω
Category: Priesthood
NEW. συμπαθέω, Hebrews 4:15. Christ’s tested, compassionate high priesthood.
Partaker Partner
Approved rendering: співучасник / спільник
Transliteration: spivuchasnyk / spilnyk
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: μέτοχος
Category: Faith
NEW. μέτοχος, Hebrews 3:1,14. Shared identity with Christ and the heavenly calling, not mere institutional membership.
Faithful Moses Christ
Approved rendering: вірний
Transliteration: virnyy
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses
NEW. πιστός, Hebrews 3:2,5-6. Both Moses and Christ are ‘faithful,’ but Christ as Son, Moses as servant, within God’s house; must never denigrate Moses himself.
Sabbath Rest
Approved rendering: суботство / суботній відпочинок
Transliteration: subotstvo / subotniy vidpochynok
Doctrine: God’s Rest and the Living Word
Original: σαββατισμός
Category: Eschatology
NEW. σαββατισμός, Hebrews 4:9. Must not be read as endorsing Sabbatarian observance practice, a live question for Ukraine’s small Seventh-day Adventist and similar communities; native speaker review recommended.
Soul And Spirit
Approved rendering: душа і дух
Transliteration: dusha i dukh
Doctrine: God’s Rest and the Living Word
Original: ψυχή / πνεῦμα
Category: God
NEW. ψυχή/πνεῦμα, Hebrews 4:12. Analytical, not ontologically dualistic, distinction.
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: Мелхиседек
Transliteration: Melkhysedek
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: Μελχισεδέκ
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Hebrews 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17. Type of Christ’s non-Levitical priesthood; requires supplied Genesis 14 narrative background.
Weakness
Approved rendering: слабкість / неміч
Transliteration: slabkist’ / nemich
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Priesthood
NEW. ἀσθένεια, Hebrews 5:2; 7:28. Every human high priest’s own frailty, contrasted with Christ’s sinlessness.
Obedience Christ Learned
Approved rendering: послух
Transliteration: poslukh
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
NEW. ὑπακοή, Hebrews 5:8. Christ’s own genuine, tested obedience learned through suffering — distinct application from baseline obedience_of_faith, which describes believers’ faith-obedience.
Oath
Approved rendering: клятва
Transliteration: klyatva
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant
NEW. ὅρκος, Hebrews 6:13,16-17; 7:20-21,28. God’s oath to Abraham and to Christ’s priesthood guarantees the promise beyond mere word.
Forerunner
Approved rendering: предтеча
Transliteration: predtecha
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: πρόδρομος
Category: Priesthood
NEW. πρόδρομος, Hebrews 6:20. This word also names John the Baptist (Іоан Предтеча) in Ukrainian; context, not word choice, must disambiguate the referent as Christ here.
Without Genealogy
Approved rendering: без роду (без батька, без матері)
Transliteration: bez rodu (bez bat’ka, bez materi)
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀμήτωρ, ἀπάτωρ, ἀγενεαλόγητος
Category: Priesthood
NEW. ἀμήτωρ, ἀπάτωρ, ἀγενεαλόγητος, Hebrews 7:3. Melchizedek’s lineage-free appearance typologically prefigures Christ’s eternal, non-hereditary priesthood; requires supplied Genesis 14 background.
Guarantor Surety
Approved rendering: порука / гарант
Transliteration: poruka / harant
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Priesthood
NEW. ἔγγυος, Hebrews 7:22. Legal-financial metaphor for Christ’s absolute reliability as guarantor of the better covenant.
Shadow
Approved rendering: тінь
Transliteration: tin’
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: σκιά
Category: Covenant
NEW. σκιά, Hebrews 8:5; 10:1. The Law and its priesthood as a shadow of the good things to come, not the substance itself; must not imply the OT system was unreal or valueless, only preparatory.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: скинія
Transliteration: skyniya
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: σκηνή
Category: Covenant
NEW. σκηνή, Hebrews 8:2,5; 9:2-3,6,8,11,21. Established OT-narrative term (Ohienko); low drift risk.
Copy Pattern
Approved rendering: образ / зразок / відображення
Transliteration: obraz / zrazok / vidobrazhennya
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ὑπόδειγμα / ἀντίτυπον
Category: Covenant
NEW. ὑπόδειγμα/ἀντίτυπον, Hebrews 9:23-24. Earthly tabernacle and furnishings as sketches of heavenly realities.
Better Comparative
Approved rendering: кращий / досконаліший
Transliteration: krashchyy / doskonalishyy
Doctrine: (cross-doctrine comparative keyword, Superiority of Christ over Angels/Moses/Levitical Priesthood)
Original: κρείττων / κρείσσων
Category: Covenant
NEW. κρείττων, used ~13 times throughout (covenant, priesthood, sacrifices, promises, country, resurrection, blood). Apply with total consistency to preserve the letter’s cumulative rhetorical case for Christ’s superiority in every respect.
Transgression
Approved rendering: переступ / провина
Transliteration: perestup / provyna
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παράβασις
Category: Covenant
NEW. παράβασις, Hebrews 9:15. Sins committed under the first covenant that the new covenant’s mediator deals with retroactively.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: спадщина
Transliteration: spadshchyna
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Covenant
NEW. κληρονομία, Hebrews 9:15. Believers as adopted heirs of the eternal inheritance; echoes baseline’s усиновлення inheritance-rights caution.
Eagerly Await
Approved rendering: з надією чекати / очікувати
Transliteration: z nadiyeyu chekaty / ochikuvaty
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἀπεκδέχομαι
Category: Faith
NEW. ἀπεκδέχομαι, Hebrews 9:28. Hopeful, not fearful, posture toward Christ’s return; strong wartime pastoral resonance but must not collapse the theological referent into a this-worldly hope for the war’s end.
Endurance Perseverance
Approved rendering: терпіння / витривалість
Transliteration: terpinnya / vytryvalist’
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Faith
NEW. ὑπομονή, Hebrews 10:36; 12:1. Recurring keyword for steadfastness under pressure.
Evidence Conviction
Approved rendering: доказ / переконання
Transliteration: dokaz / perekonannya
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Faith
NEW. ἔλεγχος, Hebrews 11:1. Legal-evidentiary metaphor for unseen realities.
Strangers And Exiles
Approved rendering: чужинці і подорожні (мандрівники)
Transliteration: chuzhyntsi i podorozhni (mandrivnyky)
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ξένος καὶ παρεπίδημος
Category: Faith
NEW. ξένος καὶ παρεπίδημος, Hebrews 11:13. Strong, unforced resonance for wartime displaced/refugee readers; the theological referent (God’s city) must remain primary.
Homeland Heavenly City
Approved rendering: батьківщина / небесне місто
Transliteration: bat’kivshchyna / nebesne misto
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: πατρίς / πόλις ἐπουράνιος
Category: Faith
NEW. πατρίς/πόλις ἐπουράνιος, Hebrews 11:14-16. The patriarchs’ true, ultimate destination; must not be silently replaced by contemporary attachment to the earthly homeland, however legitimate.
Founder And Perfecter
Approved rendering: вождь і звершитель (віри)
Transliteration: vozhd’ i zvershytel’ (viry)
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειωτής
Category: Christology
NEW. ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειωτής, Hebrews 12:2. Fixed paired title echoing ἀρχηγός at 2:10.
Pioneer Founder
Approved rendering: вождь / засновник
Transliteration: vozhd’ / zasnovnyk
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Christology
NEW. ἀρχηγός, Hebrews 2:10. No single Ukrainian word carries both ‘leader who goes first’ and ‘originator’; dual gloss retained.
Root Of Bitterness
Approved rendering: корінь гіркоти
Transliteration: korin’ hirkoty
Doctrine: Divine Discipline and Fatherly Correction
Original: ῥίζα πικρίας
Category: Faith
NEW. ῥίζα πικρίας, Hebrews 12:15. Warning against corrosive resentment within a community bearing collective trauma.
Mount Sinai Mount Zion
Approved rendering: гора Синай / гора Сіон
Transliteration: hora Synay / hora Sion
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ὄρος Σινᾶ / ὄρος Σιών
Category: Covenant
NEW. Hebrews 12:18-22. Climactic old-covenant/new-covenant contrast.
Heavenly Jerusalem
Approved rendering: небесний Єрусалим
Transliteration: nebesnyy Yerusalym
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος
Category: Covenant
NEW. Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος, Hebrews 12:22. Believers’ present spiritual citizenship.
Blood Of Sprinkling
Approved rendering: кров окроплення
Transliteration: krov okroplennya
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: αἷμα ῥαντισμοῦ
Category: Covenant
NEW. αἷμα ῥαντισμοῦ, Hebrews 12:24. Christ’s blood ‘speaks a better word’ than Abel’s, which cried for vengeance.
Consuming Fire
Approved rendering: вогонь, що поїдає
Transliteration: vohon’, shcho poyidaye
Doctrine: Divine Discipline and Fatherly Correction
Original: πῦρ καταναλίσκον
Category: Faith
NEW. πῦρ καταναλίσκον, Hebrews 12:29. Grounds reverence, not casual familiarity, before God.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: гостинність
Transliteration: hostynnist’
Doctrine: Christian Community Ethics and Hospitality
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Church
NEW. φιλοξενία, Hebrews 13:2. Concrete, currently vital practice given the scale of wartime displacement and refugee movement in Ukraine; teach with explicit connection to lived reality.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: жертва хвали
Transliteration: zhertva khvaly
Doctrine: The Altar and the Sacrifice of Praise
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Atonement
NEW. θυσία αἰνέσεως, Hebrews 13:15. Reframes θυσία away from cultic offering toward a spiritual, verbal offering.
Leaders
Approved rendering: наставники / провідники
Transliteration: nastavnyky / providnyky
Doctrine: Christian Community Ethics and Hospitality
Original: ἡγούμενοι
Category: Church
NEW. ἡγούμενοι, Hebrews 13:7,17,24. Sensitive given the baseline’s existing caution about government/authority passages (Romans 13) in wartime Ukraine; frame as congregational, not civil, leadership.
Divine Service Worship
Approved rendering: богослужіння
Transliteration: bohosluzhinnya
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: λατρεία
Category: Atonement
NEW. λατρεία, Hebrews 9:1,6. The regulated OT cultic system, distinct from the ‘true worship’ Christ’s sacrifice makes possible.
Serve Worship Verb
Approved rendering: служити
Transliteration: sluzhyty
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Atonement
NEW. λατρεύω, Hebrews 9:14; 12:28; 13:10. True worship, freed by a cleansed conscience.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: подяка
Transliteration: podyaka
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 13:15’s ‘sacrifice of praise… the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name’ is the letter’s closest thematic parallel; see sacrifice_of_praise below.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: спілкування
Transliteration: spilkuvannya
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: дружба, колектив (avoid Soviet-collective connotation)
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 10:25’s exhortation ‘not neglecting to meet together’ presupposes this category of shared communal life; колектив remains forbidden.
Prophet
Approved rendering: пророк
Transliteration: prorok
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ворожбит, екстрасенс
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 1:1 (‘God spoke… by the prophets’) opens the letter with this category; the same folk-psychic caution applies unchanged.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: пророцтво
Transliteration: prorotstvo
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ворожіння, гороскоп
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Hebrews’ extensive OT-quotation method (Psalms, Jeremiah 31, Habakkuk 2:4); distinguish from horoscope/fortune-telling.
David
Approved rendering: Давид
Transliteration: Davyd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 4:7 quotes Psalm 95 ‘through David’; 11:32 lists David among the faithful.
Israel
Approved rendering: Ізраїль
Transliteration: Izrayil’
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Hebrews 8:8,10’s Jeremiah 31 quotation (‘the house of Israel… the house of Judah’); given Ukraine’s history of antisemitic violence, guard against any inadvertent supersessionist reading.
Exhort
Approved rendering: закликати
Transliteration: zaklykaty
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 3:13, 10:25 (‘encourage one another’) and 13:22 (‘I appeal to you’) use this same context-sensitive category.
Brother Of Believers
Approved rendering: брат
Transliteration: brat
Doctrine: The Humanity and Solidarity of Christ with Believers
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Christology
NEW. ἀδελφός, Hebrews 2:11-12,17. Christ’s genuine kinship with believers.
Devil
Approved rendering: диявол
Transliteration: dyyavol
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: διάβολος
Category: Atonement
NEW. διάβολος, Hebrews 2:14. Christ’s death disarms the one holding the power of death.
Milk Solid Food
Approved rendering: молоко / тверда поживa
Transliteration: moloko / tverda pozhyva
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: γάλα / στερεὰ τροφή
Category: Faith
NEW. γάλα/στερεὰ τροφή, Hebrews 5:12-14. Infant vs. adult food, metaphor for spiritual maturity.
Anchor Of Hope
Approved rendering: якір
Transliteration: yakir
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἄγκυρα
Category: Faith
NEW. ἄγκυρα, Hebrews 6:19. Hope in God’s unbreakable promise as a sure, steadfast anchor — pastoral counterweight to the surrounding warning.
Tithe
Approved rendering: десятина
Transliteration: desyatyna
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: δεκάτη
Category: Priesthood
NEW. δεκάτη, Hebrews 7:2,4-9. Levi (through Abraham) tithed to Melchizedek, showing his (and so Christ’s) priesthood’s superiority.
Cloud Of Witnesses
Approved rendering: хмара свідків
Transliteration: khmara svidkiv
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: νέφος μαρτύρων
Category: Faith
NEW. νέφος μαρτύρων, Hebrews 12:1. Chapter 11’s faithful now pictured as surrounding witnesses.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: братолюбство
Transliteration: bratolyubstvo
Doctrine: Christian Community Ethics and Hospitality
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
NEW. φιλαδελφία, Hebrews 13:1. Standard, uncontested term.
Great Shepherd
Approved rendering: великий Пастир
Transliteration: velykyy Pastyr
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ μέγας
Category: Christology
NEW. ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ μέγας, Hebrews 13:20. Warm, pastoral closing image.
Moses
Approved rendering: Мойсей
Transliteration: Moysey
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant
NEW to this term database’s key-list (the transliteration form itself matches the baseline’s fixed transliteration standards list). Μωϋσῆς, Hebrews 3:2-6,16; 7:14; 9:19; 11:23-28; 12:21.
Referenced passages