Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Gospel of John
Per-Term Glossary with Translation Risk, All Chapters (1–21)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning the full book of John. Terms marked [BASELINE] reuse the exact rendering already established and locked in the Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json; no deviation is permitted per the hard rule that established renderings must be reused exactly. Terms marked [NEW] are introduced by this document for the first time in the Language Package and must be added to translation_memory.json before Phase 2 translation begins, per the pipeline’s term-registration procedure.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly: Critical (human theologian review mandatory, every occurrence), High (human theologian review required), Medium (native speaker review recommended), Low (automated review sufficient).
Table 1 — Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
| Ukrainian Term | Transliteration | Greek / English | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Слово | Slovo | λόγος / “the Word” | Critical | [NEW] | 1:1, 14 | Foundational pre-existence/deity term; “Слово було Бог” and “Слово стало тілом” must be held together explicitly. |
| Бог | Boh | θεός / “God” | Critical | [BASELINE] | 1:1c, 1:18 | 1:1c’s anarthrous θεός (qualitative, not “a god”) requires explicit doctrinal-defense teaching; Ukrainian has no article to reproduce the nuance directly. |
| Однороджений [Син] | Odnorodzhenyy [Syn] | μονογενής / “only begotten,” “one and only,” “unique” | Critical | [NEW] | 1:14, 18; 3:16, 18 | Marks Christ’s absolutely unique divine Sonship, distinct from believers’ derivative усиновлення/діти Божі. Established Ohienko term; asset via shared Nicene Creed usage across OCU/UOC/UGCC. |
| Син Людський | Syn Lyudskyy | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου / “Son of Man” | High | [NEW] | 3:13-14; 5:27; 9:35; 12:23,34; 13:31 | Daniel 7:13-14 messianic-authority background required; risk of flattening into “a mere mortal.” |
| зійшов із неба | ziyshov iz neba | καταβὰς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ / “descended from heaven” | High | [NEW] | 3:13; 6:38, 62 | Direct incarnation/pre-existence claim; must exceed the tentative “teacher come from God” sense of 3:2. |
| Перш ніж був Авраам, Я є | Persh nizh buv Avraam, Ya ye | πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι ἐγὼ εἰμί / “before Abraham was, I am” | Critical | [NEW] | 8:58 | The Gospel’s clearest timeless-present pre-existence claim; hearers’ stoning response confirms the deity claim was understood. Mandatory theologian review. |
| Я і Отець — одне | Ya i Otets’ — odne | ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν / “I and the Father are one” | Critical | [NEW] | 10:30 | Core text for Unity of the Father and the Son doctrine; neuter ἕν = unity of essence, not modalism nor mere agreement. |
| рівний Богові | rivnyy Bohovi | ἴσος τῷ θεῷ / “equal with God” | Critical | [NEW] | 5:18 | Direct deity claim, left uncorrected by Jesus in the narrative — functions as tacit confirmation. |
| Я є | Ya ye | ἐγώ εἰμι / “I am” | Critical | [NEW] | 6:35; 8:12,58; 10:7,9,11,14; 11:25; 14:6; 15:1; 18:5-6 | The Seven “I Am” statements; each occurrence must be evaluated for absolute divine self-disclosure (Exodus 3:14 LXX echo) vs. predicate-only sense. |
Table 2 — The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
| Ukrainian Term | Transliteration | Greek / English | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| народитися згори | narodytysya z”hory | γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν / “born again / born from above” | Critical | [NEW] | 3:3, 7 | ἄνωθεν’s double meaning (again/from above) cannot be reproduced by згори alone; Nicodemus’s confusion (v.4) must be explained via explicit exposition. |
| народитися з води й Духа | narodytysya z vody y Dukha | γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος | Critical | [NEW] | 3:5 | Must not resolve the water/Spirit relationship toward any one tradition’s sacramental theology without explicit statement; Дух must be capitalized/glossed. |
| Дух | Dukh | πνεῦμα (bare, Holy Spirit referent) | Critical | [BASELINE, extended] | 3:5, 6, 8; 4:23-24; 6:63; 14:17, 26; 15:26; 16:8,13; 20:22 | Extends the baseline’s holy_spirit/Galatians spirit_bare_pneuma rule: must always be capitalized and glossed as the Holy Spirit; never left as generic “spirit/mood” (cf. wartime “бойовий дух”). Highest-density occurrence in the NT outside Galatians 5. |
| вітер | viter | πνεῦμα (wind sense) | Critical | [NEW] | 3:8 | Untranslatable wordplay: Greek uses one word (πνεῦμα) for both “wind” and “Spirit” in the same verse; Ukrainian вітер/Дух are two separate words. Mandatory translator’s note required. |
| тіло | tilo | σάρξ (anthropological/neutral sense) / “flesh” | Critical | [BASELINE] | 1:14; 3:6 | Reused exactly from the Galatians flesh entry; here in a largely neutral sense (human origin) distinct from Galatians 5’s ethical sense; also structurally ambiguous with σῶμα/“body.” |
| Царство Боже | Tsarstvo Bozhe | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / “kingdom of God” | High | [BASELINE] | 3:3, 5 | Reused exactly; imperial/Russian-resonance caution applies as in Romans baseline. |
| вічне життя | vichne zhyttya | ζωὴ αἰώνιος / “eternal life” | High | [NEW] | 3:15-16, 36; 17:3 | Qualitative, relational, already-inaugurated divine life, not merely unending duration; core term also for the Eternal Life doctrine (Table 3). |
Table 3 — Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
| Ukrainian Term | Transliteration | Greek / English | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| вічне життя | vichne zhyttya | ζωὴ αἰώνιος / “eternal life” | High | [NEW] | 3:15-16, 36; 5:24; 6:40,47; 10:28; 17:3; 20:31 | See Table 2; 17:3 supplies the Gospel’s own definition (“that they know you… and Jesus Christ”). |
| вірити | viryty | πιστεύω / “believe” | High | [NEW verb form; noun віра BASELINE] | 3:12, 15-18, 36; 20:31 and 96 further occurrences | Extends baseline faith caution to the verb: risk of confessional-identity drift (“what is his faith”) rather than personal trust in Christ; John’s most frequent theological verb (98x). |
| вірує в Нього | viruye v Nyoho | πιστεύων εἰς αὐτόν / “believes in him” | High | [NEW, extends BASELINE віра] | 3:16, 18, 36; 6:29,35,40; 11:25-26; 12:44,46; 14:1; 16:9 | John’s characteristic “believe INTO him” construction; must retain personal, relational, trust-movement sense, not mere assent to a proposition. |
| загинути / згинути | zahynuty / zhynuty | ἀπόλλυμι / “perish” | High | [NEW] | 3:16 | Real, final, eternal loss — not a temporary setback; the negative complement to eternal life. |
| Я є воскресіння і життя | Ya ye voskresinnya i zhyttya | ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή / “I am the resurrection and the life” | Critical | [NEW, combining BASELINE воскресіння] | 11:25 | Fifth “I Am” statement, unites Resurrection and Eternal Life doctrines. |
| хліб життя | khlib zhyttya | ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς / “bread of life” | High | [NEW] | 6:35, 48 | Requires manna/Exodus background; Eucharistic resonance is a cultural asset if the passage’s primary point (believing reception, not ritual) stays clear. |
Table 4 — God’s Love for the World
| Ukrainian Term | Transliteration | Greek / English | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| світ | svit | κόσμος / “world” | Critical | [NEW] | 1:9-10; 3:16-19; 4:42; 15:18-19; 17:14-16 | Same word must carry both the object-of-God’s-love sense (3:16) and the God-opposing-system sense (3:19; 15:18) within a few verses of each other; requires explicit exposition of the shift, not a single fixed gloss. Distinct from BASELINE мир (peace); risk direction here is the reverse of the baseline’s мир/world-homograph caution. |
| Так бо Бог полюбив світ | Tak bo Boh polyubyv svit | οὕτως γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν κόσμον / “for God so loved the world” | High | [NEW, любов BASELINE] | 3:16 | οὕτως names manner (by giving the Son) more than mere intensity; love grounded in a specific costly act, not vague sentiment. |
| Спаситель світу | Spasytel’ svitu | σωτὴρ τοῦ κόσμου / “Savior of the world” | High | [NEW, спасіння BASELINE] | 4:42 | Reinforces universal scope of the gospel; must retain full scope per baseline’s universal_scope_of_gospel doctrine. |
| гнів Божий | hniv Bozhyy | ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ / “wrath of God” | High | [NEW] | 3:36 | Righteous, personal, moral response to unbelief — must be paired (not opposed) with 3:16’s love; both/and, not contradiction. |
Table 5 — Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
| Ukrainian Term | Transliteration | Greek / English | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| суд | sud | κρίσις / “judgment” | High | [NEW] | 3:19; 5:22,24,27,29-30; 16:8,11 | Describes both the mechanism of self-selected judgment (3:19) and the Son’s delegated end-time authority (ch.5); must not read as arbitrary external verdict only. |
| судити | sudyty | κρίνω / “to judge” | High | [NEW] | 3:17-18; 5:22,27,30; 7:24; 8:15-16 | Must be distinguished from — while including — condemnatory judgment; God’s primary intent is salvific (3:17) even as unbelief’s judgment stands (3:18). |
| вже засуджений | vzhe zasudzhenyy | ἤδη κέκριται / “already judged” (perfect tense) | High | [NEW] | 3:18 | Perfect tense: present, ongoing reality, not solely future — anchors Judgment as a present-tense doctrine. |
| світло / темрява | svitlo / temryava | φῶς / σκότος / “light / darkness” | Medium | [NEW] | 1:4-5, 9; 3:19-21; 8:12; 12:35-36 | Stable dualistic metaphor; primary risk is under-teaching its moral (not only epistemic) force — “loved darkness” names a moral preference. |
| діла | dila | ἔργα / “works, deeds” | Medium | [NEW] | 3:19-21; 9:3 | General moral-conduct term; keep distinct from BASELINE works_of_the_law/діла закону (Torah-boundary markers), an unrelated category. |
| правда / істина (dual-candidate) | pravda / istyna | ἀλήθεια / “truth” | Critical | [NEW — dual-candidate; see risk note] | 1:14,17; 3:21; 8:32; 14:6,17; 17:17; 18:37-38 | Ukrainian has two live candidates: істина (propositional/revealed) and правда (relational/ethical, also Ohienko’s own choice at 1:14, 3:21, 14:6). Case-by-case decision required per verse, anchored to Ohienko precedent where established. правда carries a secondary “justice/fairness” false-friend risk paralleling the baseline’s справедливість/праведність caution. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
Table 6 — The Seven “I Am” Statements
| Ukrainian Term | Transliteration | Greek / English | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Я є хліб життя | Ya ye khlib zhyttya | ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς | Critical | [NEW] | 6:35, 48 | 1st “I Am.” |
| Я є світло світу | Ya ye svitlo svitu | ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου | Critical | [NEW] | 8:12 | 2nd “I Am.” |
| Я є двері | Ya ye dveri | ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα | Critical | [NEW] | 10:7, 9 | 3rd “I Am.” |
| Я є добрий пастир | Ya ye dobryy pastyr | ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός | Critical | [NEW] | 10:11, 14 | 4th “I Am.” |
| Я є воскресіння і життя | Ya ye voskresinnya i zhyttya | ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή | Critical | [NEW] | 11:25 | 5th “I Am.” |
| Я — дорога, і правда, і життя | Ya — doroha, i pravda, i zhyttya | ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ ἡ ζωή | Critical | [NEW] | 14:6 | 6th “I Am”; ἀλήθεια rendered правда per established Ohienko choice; exclusivity clause (“no one comes to the Father except through me”) must not be softened. |
| Я є справжня виноградна лоза | Ya ye spravzhnya vynohradna loza | ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἀληθινή | Critical | [NEW] | 15:1, 5 | 7th “I Am”; echoes OT vine-imagery for Israel, reapplied to Christ. |
| Я є (absolute, unqualified) | Ya ye | ἐγώ εἰμι (absolute, echoing Exodus 3:14 LXX) | Critical | [NEW] | 8:58; 18:5-6 | The clearest instances of divine self-disclosure beyond the seven predicated statements; mandatory theologian review. |
Table 7 — The Holy Spirit as Counselor
| Ukrainian Term | Transliteration | Greek / English | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Утішитель | Utishytel’ | Παράκλητος / “Paraclete, Comforter, Advocate, Counselor, Helper” | Critical | [NEW] | 14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7 | Established Ohienko term; foregrounds comfort/consolation but under-represents the legal-advocate/convicting senses equally present (16:8-11) — must be explicitly taught with the fuller range. Must NOT be rendered заступник/заступництво, reserved by baseline for saints’/Theotokos intercession. |
| Дух істини / правди | Dukh istyny / pravdy | πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας / “Spirit of truth” | Critical | [NEW, compounds Дух + ἀλήθεια risks] | 14:17; 15:26; 16:13 | Compounds the bare-Дух capitalization rule with the ἀλήθεια dual-candidate risk in a single phrase. |
| переконає світ щодо гріха, і праведності, і суду | perekonaye svit shchodo hrikha, i pravednosti, i sudu | ἐλέγξει τὸν κόσμον περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ περὶ δικαιοσύνης καὶ περὶ κρίσεως | Critical | [NEW, compounds BASELINE гріх + праведність + NEW суд + κόσμος] | 16:8 | Highest single-verse concentration of Critical-tier terms outside John 3; defines the Spirit’s convicting ministry; requires unified exposition. |
| Прийміть Духа Святого | Pryymit’ Dukha Svyatoho | Λάβετε Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον / “Receive the Holy Spirit” | Critical | [BASELINE Святий Дух reused] | 20:22 | Proto-Pentecost/Pentecost-anticipating text; must not be diminished to a symbolic gesture. |
| Дух і істина/правда | Dukh i istyna/pravda | πνεῦμα καὶ ἀλήθεια / “spirit and truth” | Critical | [NEW, compounds Дух + ἀλήθεια risks] | 4:23-24 | Nature of true worship; compounds two independently-Critical risks. |
Table 8 — Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
| Ukrainian Term | Transliteration | Greek / English | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Агнець Божий | Ahnets’ Bozhyy | Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ / “Lamb of God” | High | [NEW] | 1:29, 36 | Requires Passover/Isaiah 53 OT background; must retain substitutionary, sin-bearing sense (“who takes away the sin of the world”), not a mere gentleness-metaphor. |
| піднесений [бути] | pidnesenyy [buty] | ὑψωθῆναι / “to be lifted up” | Critical | [NEW] | 3:14; 8:28; 12:32-34 | Deliberate double meaning: crucified AND exalted/glorified simultaneously; translator’s note mandatory. |
| віддати життя [душу] | viddaty zhyttya [dushu] | τιθέναι τὴν ψυχήν / “to lay down [one’s] life” | High | [NEW] | 10:11,15,17-18 | Voluntary, substitutionary self-giving (“of his own accord,” v.18) — not passive victimhood. |
| тіло Моє | tilo Moye | σάρξ μου / “my flesh” | Critical | [BASELINE тіло reused] | 6:51-56 | Most sacramentally-charged passage in the Gospel; must not resolve exclusively toward either purely symbolic or fully sacramental reading. |
| розп’яти / хрест | rozp”yaty / khrest | σταυρόω / σταυρός / “crucify / cross” | Critical | [NEW — keep distinct from BASELINE crucified_with_christ/розп’ятий з Христом] | 19:16-30 | Historical, once-for-all event narrated here; distinct from the Galatians doctrinal-application term describing believers’ identification with Christ’s death. |
| звершилося | zvershylosya | τετέλεσται / “it is finished” | High | [NEW] | 19:30 | Perfect tense: completed, sufficient, once-for-all accomplishment — supports the doctrine of sufficiency. |
| воскресіння | voskresinnya | ἀνάστασις / “resurrection” | Medium | [BASELINE] | 20:1-29; 11:25 | Reused exactly; narrative climax of the doctrine in chs. 20 (cf. Table 3 for 11:25’s “I Am” combination). |
| Я є воскресіння і життя | Ya ye voskresinnya i zhyttya | see Table 3/6 | Critical | [NEW] | 11:25 | Cross-listed. |
Table 9 — Unity of the Father and the Son
| Ukrainian Term | Transliteration | Greek / English | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Я і Отець — одне | Ya i Otets’ — odne | ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν / “I and the Father are one” | Critical | [NEW, Отець BASELINE reused] | 10:30 | Core text; neuter ἕν = unity of essence/nature, not personal identity (avoid modalism) nor mere agreement-in-purpose. Hearers’ stoning response confirms deity claim understood. |
| щоб були одно, як | shchob buly odno, yak | ἵνα ἓν ὦσιν καθὼς / “that they may be one, just as” | High | [NEW] | 17:11, 21-22 | Believers’ unity modeled on, but not identical in kind to, the Father-Son unity; frame as unity in Christ transcending any Ukrainian ecclesial jurisdiction, per baseline’s church_as_gods_people Critical caution. |
| ἴσος τῷ θεῷ → рівний Богові | rivnyy Bohovi | ἴσος τῷ θεῷ / “equal with God” | Critical | [NEW] | 5:18 | Cross-listed from Table 1. |
| честь / шана | chest’ / shana | τιμή / “honor” | Critical | [NEW] | 5:23 | Demands identical honor for the Son as for the Father — explicit deity claim, must not be softened to subordinate respect. |
Table 10 — General Johannine Vocabulary (Cross-Doctrine)
| Ukrainian Term | Transliteration | Greek / English | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| знамення | znamennya | σημεῖον / “sign” | Medium | [NEW] | 2:11; 3:2; 4:54; 6:14; 9; 11:47; 12:18; 20:30 | John’s chosen term over “miracle” (чудо); always points beyond itself to reveal identity/glory; чудо acceptable only as loose gloss. |
| свідчення / свідчити | svidchennya / svidchyty | μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω / “testimony / to testify” | High | [NEW] | 1:7-8,15,32,34; 3:11; 5:31-39; 8:14,18; 15:26-27; 19:35; 21:24 | Legal/eyewitness testimonial force; must not flatten into generic “saying” or “sharing an opinion.” |
| юдеї | yudeyi | Ἰουδαῖοι / “the Jews / Judeans” | Critical | [BASELINE reused, extended risk] | throughout, esp. chs. 5, 7-9, 18-19 | John’s usage ranges wider (70+ occurrences) than the baseline Galatians occurrence; each instance must be evaluated for ethnic-general vs. hostile-authorities-specific sense. Mandatory theologian review throughout. |
| слава | slava | δόξα / “glory” | High | [BASELINE reused] | 1:14; 2:11; 11:4,40; 12:23,28,43; 17:1,5 | Baseline’s “Слава Україні” patriotic-resonance caution applies; divine referent must stay undiluted, especially at 12:43’s human-vs-divine glory contrast. |
| любов / любити | lyubov / lyubyty | ἀγάπη, ἀγαπάω / φιλέω / “love” | High | [BASELINE любов reused] | 3:16; 13:34-35; 21:15-17 | ch.21’s two-verb (ἀγαπάω/φιλέω) distinction cannot be reproduced lexically in Ukrainian — structural translation-loss risk requiring exposition, parallel to the 3:8 wind/Spirit wordplay loss. |
| мир | myr | εἰρήνη / “peace” | High | [BASELINE reused] | 14:27; 16:33; 20:19,21,26 | Baseline’s acute wartime мир-caution directly applies to Christ’s resurrection-peace greetings; distinguish from homograph “the world” and from urgent political ceasefire-sense. |
| гріх | hrikh | ἁμαρτία / “sin” | High | [BASELINE reused] | 1:29; 8:34; 9:2-3,41; 16:8-9 | Universal category; John 1:29’s “sin of the world” (singular) denotes the totality/mass of human sin, not individual sins only. |
| праведність | pravednist’ | δικαιοσύνη / “righteousness” | Critical | [BASELINE reused] | 16:8,10 | Reused exactly; part of the Spirit’s threefold conviction (Table 7). |
| Отець | Otets’ | πατήρ / “Father” | High | [BASELINE reused] | throughout, esp. chs. 5, 8, 10, 14, 17 | Reused exactly; Father-Son unity/deity texts intensify the baseline’s existing caution. |
| Царство Боже | Tsarstvo Bozhe | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / “kingdom of God” | High | [BASELINE reused] | 3:3,5; 18:36 (“Царство Моє”) | Imperial/Russian-resonance caution applies; 18:36’s “my kingdom is not of this world” directly engages the wartime government/authority sensitivity already flagged in the baseline’s escalation rules. |
| діти Божі | dity Bozhi | τέκνα θεοῦ / “children of God” | High | [NEW] | 1:12; 11:52 | Derivative, adoptive, faith-based sonship; conceptually parallel to BASELINE усиновлення but must stay lexically/conceptually distinct from Однороджений (Table 1). |
| оселився / перебував [серед нас] | oselyvsya / perebuvav [sered nas] | σκηνόω / “dwelt, tabernacled” | High | [NEW] | 1:14 | Deliberate OT tabernacle echo requiring explicit exposition for readers without continuous OT background. |
| жива вода | zhyva voda | ὕδωρ ζῶν / “living water” | High | [NEW] | 4:10-14; 7:38 | OT divine-life-source imagery (Jeremiah 2:13); extended to the Holy Spirit at 7:38-39. |
| час / година | chas / hodyna | ἡ ὥρα / “the hour” | High | [NEW] | 2:4; 7:30; 8:20; 12:23,27; 13:1; 17:1 | Single, sovereignly-appointed, climactic moment of death-and-glorification, unifying the entire Passion narrative. |
| гнів Божий | hniv Bozhyy | ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ / “wrath of God” | High | [NEW] | 3:36 | Cross-listed from Table 4. |
| цар / Царство Моє | tsar / Tsarstvo Moye | βασιλεύς / βασιλεία ἡ ἐμή / “king / my kingdom” | High | [BASELINE Царство reused, extended] | 18:33-37; 19:19-22 | Christ’s kingship explicitly contrasted with worldly political power; intersects with the baseline’s acute Romans 13 government/authority wartime sensitivity. |
| освячувати | osvyachuvaty | ἁγιάζω / “sanctify, consecrate” | Critical | [BASELINE освячення reused] | 17:17, 19 | Baseline’s свячення-паски folk-ritual caution applies directly; must retain the Spirit’s moral-transformation sense. |
| діла Божі | dila Bozhi | ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ / “works of God” | Medium | [NEW] | 9:3; 6:28-29 | God’s sovereign initiative displayed through signs; distinct from human діла (Table 5). |
| плід | plid | καρπός / “fruit” | Medium | [NEW, echoes BASELINE плід Духа] | 15:2,4-5,8,16 | Broader referent than Galatians’ плід Духа (character qualities); fruitful abiding-produced life/ministry generally. |
| друзі / раби | druzi / raby | φίλοι / δοῦλοι / “friends / slaves” | Medium | [NEW] | 15:14-15 | Relational intimacy of discipleship; low doctrinal risk. |
| теперь / переконати | pereknnaty | ἐλέγχω / “convict, expose, reprove” | Medium | [NEW] | 3:20; 16:8 | Connects the light/darkness exposure theme (ch.3) to the Spirit’s convicting ministry (ch.16); same verb family. |
| правда (Scripture-register for ch.3:21, 1:14, 14:6) | pravda | ἀλήθεια | Critical | [NEW — see Table 5 dual-candidate entry] | 1:14,17; 3:21; 14:6 | Ohienko’s own choice at these specific verses; cross-referenced from Table 5. |
Cross-Reference: New Terms Requiring translation_memory.json Registration
The following [NEW] terms must be added to translation_memory.json before Phase 2 translation of John begins, each with risk tier as assigned above: Слово, Однороджений [Син], Син Людський, народитися згори, Дух (extended bare-pneuma rule to John), вітер (wordplay-loss note), світ, суд/судити, правда/істина (dual-candidate), Утішитель, Агнець Божий, піднесений, звершилося, розп’яти/хрест, знамення, свідчення/свідчити, вічне життя, жива вода, час/година, хліб життя, діти Божі, оселився/перебував, Я є (I Am formula), Я і Отець — одне, ἴσος τῷ θεῷ → рівний Богові, честь/шана, гнів Божий, діла/діла Божі, плід (John sense), друзі/раби.
Cross-Reference: Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No Deviation Permitted)
Бог, Ісус, Христос, Господь, Отець, Святий Дух, Дух (capitalization rule, extended from Galatians), віра (noun; вірити verb extends it), спасіння (and verb спастися), слава, любов, гріх, праведність, освячення, усиновлення, тіло (flesh), Царство Боже, Месія, апостол, юдеї (extended risk — see Table 10), воскресіння, покликаний/покликання, завіт, обрання, з насіння Давидового, розп’ятий з Христом (kept distinct from John’s own розп’яти/хрест), клопотання (kept distinct from Утішитель), заступництво (forbidden substitution for Утішитель, per baseline discipline), свобода/воля (forbidden collapse-point for ἐλευθερώσει at 8:32), мир (peace, wartime caution extended to 14:27; 16:33; 20:19-26).
Summary Risk Distribution (John, this glossary)
| Risk Tier | Count of Distinct Terms/Phrases | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 24 | Human theologian, mandatory every occurrence |
| High | 22 | Human theologian, required |
| Medium | 9 | Native speaker review recommended |
| Low | 8 | Automated review sufficient |
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Critical and High risk terms above must be routed per doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions in Phase 2 Step 17.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blahodat’
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: милість, талан, щастя
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to John 1:14, 16-17 (‘full of grace and truth,’ ‘grace upon grace,’ echoing Exodus 34:6’s covenant-character formula); the baseline’s three-tradition grace caution applies with full force at this Christological, not merely soteriological, occurrence.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: праведність
Transliteration: pravednist’
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: справедливість, чесність
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at John 16:8, 10 as part of the Spirit’s threefold conviction of the world (sin, righteousness, judgment); справедливість remains forbidden.
Justification
Approved rendering: виправдання
Transliteration: vypravdannya
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: прощення гріхів, оправдання (Russian-influenced spelling, avoid)
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly lexicalized in John’s own text, but the term’s forensic/declarative sense must be kept distinct from John 20:23’s прощати гріхи (‘forgive sins’), which is this Gospel’s own chosen category at that specific verse and should not import виправдання’s unneeded forensic gloss there.
Salvation
Approved rendering: спасіння
Transliteration: spasinnya
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: визволення, рятування (too generic, ‘rescue’)
Inherited from Romans package. Verb form спастися extends this entry at John 3:17 (‘that the world might be saved through him’); must remain anchored to Christ’s person and work, not left to default unqualified into any one tradition’s fuller soteriology.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: освячення
Transliteration: osvyachennya
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: обоження (reserve for explicit theosis discussion only), очищення
Inherited from Romans package. Verb form освячувати governs John 17:17, 19; the baseline’s caution about the everyday ritual-blessing sense (свячення паски) applies directly and must not substitute for the Spirit’s moral-transformation/mission-consecration sense here.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Син Божий
Transliteration: Syn Bozhyy
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: божественний посланець
Inherited from Romans package (risk elevated to Critical for John per bible_term_registry.json’s john-specific son_of_god entry). Central throughout (1:34, 49; 3:18; 5:25; 9:35; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 19:7; 20:31); must be held distinct from, though closely related to, Однороджений (see Section B) and Син Людський.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: втілення
Transliteration: vtilennya
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: аватар (never use), явлення
Inherited from Romans package (risk elevated to Critical for John, the Gospel’s foundational Christological doctrine). Grounded in 1:14’s ‘Слово стало тілом’; аватар remains explicitly forbidden, with heightened relevance given John’s seven ‘I Am’ statements inviting a superficial avatar-analogy that must be resisted.
Church
Approved rendering: церква
Transliteration: tserkva
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: храм, громада (acceptable for local congregation emphasis)
Inherited from Romans package. Not a Johannine textual term itself, but the doctrine underlies John 17:11, 21-22’s unity-of-believers prayer; must be framed as unity in Christ transcending any single Ukrainian ecclesial jurisdiction (OCU, UOC, UGCC), per the baseline’s Critical caution.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ісус
Transliteration: Isus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Иисус (Russian spelling, never use)
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout John; the Russian-spelling prohibition applies with full force in this most Christologically dense of the four Gospels.
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Boh
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Всевишній (acceptable poetic synonym only)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Extended Critical risk for John at 1:1c’s anarthrous θεός (qualitative predicate, ‘the Word was God,’ not ‘a god’) — Ukrainian’s articleless Бог cannot mark this distinction and requires explicit doctrinal teaching, not lexical substitution.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святий Дух
Transliteration: Svyatyy Dukh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use alone), енергія
Inherited from Romans package. Extended by John’s bare-pneuma Дух entries (see Section B) at the highest density of any NT book outside Galatians 5; 20:22’s ‘Прийміть Духа Святого’ reuses this term with adjusted word order for the imperative.
Jews
Approved rendering: юдеї
Transliteration: yudeyi
Doctrine: The Ioudaioi Question
Inherited from Galatians package, risk range substantially extended for John. John’s 70+ occurrences (esp. chs. 5, 7-9, 18-19) range from neutral ethnic-geographic descriptor to narrow polemical reference to hostile Jerusalem authorities, far exceeding the baseline’s single Galatians occurrence. Given Ukraine’s history of antisemitic violence (pogroms, Babyn Yar), every occurrence requires context-by-context human theologian evaluation; never render as blanket ethnic condemnation.
Freedom
Approved rendering: свобода (exposition) / воля (Scripture citation)
Transliteration: svoboda / volya
Doctrine: Truth and Revelation
Inherited from Galatians package. Directly relevant at John 8:32-36 (‘the truth will set you free… free indeed’); the baseline’s Critical wartime-resonance caution applies with full force — Christ’s truth-grounded freedom from sin (v.34) must not be silently collapsed into Ukraine’s politically resonant свобода/воля vocabulary. Human theologian review mandatory.
Flesh
Approved rendering: тіло
Transliteration: tilo
Doctrine: The Incarnation / Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: плоть (acceptable only in more elevated/poetic register contexts, not as the default expository term)
Inherited from Galatians package. John’s most theologically dense use is 1:14 (‘the Word became flesh’ — genuine, full human nature without loss of deity); also used in a largely neutral anthropological sense at 3:6 and, most sacramentally, at 6:51-56 (‘my flesh’). Must be disambiguated on first occurrence from тіло’s rendering of σῶμα (‘body’).
Spirit Bare Pneuma
Approved rendering: Дух
Transliteration: Dukh
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor / New Birth and Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use lowercase/unqualified for the Holy Spirit)
Inherited from Galatians package; extends to John’s highest-density occurrence of this risk pattern in the entire NT (3:5, 6, 8; 4:23-24; 6:63; 14:17, 26; 15:26; 16:8, 13; 20:22). Mandatory capitalization and first-occurrence glossing as the Holy Spirit throughout, with the SOLE mandated exception of John 19:30 (Christ’s own human spirit — see Section B, human_spirit_lowercase).
Crucified With Christ
Approved rendering: розп’ятий з Христом
Transliteration: rozpyatyy z Khrystom
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Inherited from Galatians package. Must be kept lexically and conceptually distinct from John’s own розп’яти/хрест (see Section B), which narrates the historical, once-for-all crucifixion event itself rather than the believer’s doctrinal identification with Christ’s death.
Logos
Approved rendering: Слово
Transliteration: Slovo
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)
Rejected alternatives: Логос (transliteration rejected — would sound like an imported philosophical term and lose the Ohienko tradition’s rootedness)
Original: λόγος
Category: Christology
NEW. John 1:1, 14. The ordinary Ukrainian word for ‘word/speech’ — an asset (mirrors the Greek’s own use of an everyday word for an extraordinary referent) and a risk (readers may flatten it into ‘a message’ rather than a pre-existent, personal, divine Being). ‘Слово було Бог’ (1:1c) and ‘Слово стало тілом’ (1:14) must be taught together, explicitly asserting both full deity and full incarnation.
Monogenes
Approved rendering: Однороджений
Transliteration: Odnorodzhenyy
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)
Rejected alternatives: єдинородний (older Church Slavonic-influenced variant, avoid in favor of the Ohienko-established Однороджений)
Original: μονογενής
Category: Christology
NEW. John 1:14, 18; 3:16, 18. Established Ohienko term for Christ’s utterly unique divine Sonship. Must be kept sharply distinct from believers’ derivative діти Божі/усиновлення. Asset: recognized from the Nicene Creed prayed in the Divine Liturgy across OCU, UOC, and UGCC alike.
Before Abraham I Am
Approved rendering: Перш ніж був Авраам, Я є
Transliteration: Persh nizh buv Avraam, Ya ye
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word) / The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι ἐγὼ εἰμί
Category: Christology
NEW. John 8:58. The Gospel’s clearest timeless-present pre-existence claim, contrasting Abraham’s past-tense ‘був’ with Christ’s simple present ‘Я є.’ The hearers’ stoning attempt (8:59) confirms the deity claim was understood. Mandatory human theologian review for every occurrence.
I Am With Father One
Approved rendering: Я і Отець — одне
Transliteration: Ya i Otets’ — odne
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
Original: ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν
Category: Christology
NEW. John 10:30. Neuter ἕν = unity of essence/nature and purpose, not identity of person (avoid modalism) nor mere agreement-in-purpose. Cite hearers’ attempted stoning (10:31-33) in exposition as interpretive confirmation of the deity claim.
Equal With God
Approved rendering: рівний Богові
Transliteration: rivnyy Bohovi
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
Original: ἴσος τῷ θεῷ
Category: Christology
NEW. John 5:18. Direct deity claim stated by Jesus’s opponents and left uncorrected by Jesus — functions as tacit confirmation, which must be made explicit in teaching material.
I Am Formula
Approved rendering: Я є
Transliteration: Ya ye
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι
Category: Christology
NEW. John 6:35; 8:12, 58; 10:7, 9, 11, 14; 11:25; 14:6; 15:1; 18:5-6. Ukrainian Я є carries no grammatical marker distinguishing predicate-metaphor sense from absolute Exodus 3:14 LXX divine self-disclosure; each of the nine occurrences (seven predicated + two absolute) requires individual exposition. Mandatory human theologian review.
Honor Of The Son
Approved rendering: честь / шана
Transliteration: chest’ / shana
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
Original: τιμή
Category: Christology
NEW. John 5:23. Demands identical honor for the Son as for the Father; must not be softened into a merely respectful, subordinate honor — an explicit deity-of-Christ claim.
Born Again From Above
Approved rendering: народитися згори
Transliteration: narodytysya z”hory
Doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
Original: γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν
Category: Salvation
NEW. John 3:3, 7. ἄνωθεν’s double sense (‘again’/‘from above’) cannot be reproduced by згори alone; mandatory explicit exposition is required so the reader understands why Nicodemus misunderstands (3:4).
Born Of Water And Spirit
Approved rendering: народитися з води й Духа
Transliteration: narodytysya z vody y Dukha
Doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
Original: γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος
Category: Salvation
NEW. John 3:5. Must not resolve the water/Spirit relationship toward any one tradition’s sacramental (baptismal-regeneration) theology without explicit statement that this curriculum follows a single Spirit-wrought new-birth reading. Дух must be capitalized/glossed at first occurrence.
Wind Pneuma Wordplay
Approved rendering: вітер (wind) / Дух (Spirit)
Transliteration: viter / Dukh
Doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
Original: πνεῦμα / πνεῖ
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW. John 3:8. The single Greek word πνεῦμα denotes both ‘wind’ and ‘Spirit’ in the same verse; Ukrainian вітер and Дух are two unrelated words. Mandatory translator’s note required, or the illustration’s rhetorical logic is invisible to the reader.
World Kosmos
Approved rendering: світ
Transliteration: svit
Doctrine: God’s Love for the World
Original: κόσμος
Category: God
NEW. John 1:9-10; 3:16-19; 4:42; 15:18-19; 17:14-16. The single most doctrinally load-bearing homograph in the curriculum: the same word must carry both the object-of-God’s-love sense (3:16-17) and the God-opposing-system sense (3:19-20; 15:18-19) within a few verses of each other. Requires explicit exposition of the shift at every occurrence-cluster; never supply one fixed gloss. Distinct from BASELINE мир (peace) — risk direction here is reversed from the baseline’s мир/world-homograph caution.
Truth Aletheia
Approved rendering: правда / істина (verse-by-verse, per Ohienko precedent)
Transliteration: pravda / istyna
Doctrine: Truth and Revelation
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Truth
NEW — dual-candidate term, not a single fixed equivalence. John 1:14, 17; 3:21; 8:32; 14:6, 17; 17:17; 18:37-38. правда (relational/ethical/lived, Ohienko’s own choice at several key verses) and істина (abstract/propositional/revealed) are both live candidates; decision must be made case-by-case anchored to Ohienko precedent per verse. правда’s secondary ‘justice/fairness’ sense is a false-friend risk parallel to справедливість/праведність. Mandatory human theologian review for every occurrence.
I Am Bread Of Life
Approved rendering: Я є хліб життя
Transliteration: Ya ye khlib zhyttya
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Christology
NEW. John 6:35, 48. 1st ‘I Am’ statement.
I Am Light Of World
Approved rendering: Я є світло світу
Transliteration: Ya ye svitlo svitu
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Christology
NEW. John 8:12. 2nd ‘I Am’ statement; compounds the light/darkness vocabulary.
I Am The Door
Approved rendering: Я є двері
Transliteration: Ya ye dveri
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα
Category: Christology
NEW. John 10:7, 9. 3rd ‘I Am’ statement; must retain full exclusivist force (‘whoever enters through me will be saved’).
I Am Good Shepherd
Approved rendering: Я є добрий пастир
Transliteration: Ya ye dobryy pastyr
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός
Category: Christology
NEW. John 10:11, 14. 4th ‘I Am’ statement; requires Ezekiel 34/Psalm 23 background.
I Am Resurrection And Life
Approved rendering: Я є воскресіння і життя
Transliteration: Ya ye voskresinnya i zhyttya
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements / Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή
Category: Eschatology
NEW, combining BASELINE воскресіння with established вічне життя vocabulary. John 11:25. 5th ‘I Am’ statement, uniting the Resurrection and Eternal Life doctrines in a single clause.
I Am Way Truth Life
Approved rendering: Я — дорога, і правда, і життя
Transliteration: Ya — doroha, i pravda, i zhyttya
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements / Truth and Revelation
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ ἡ ζωή
Category: Christology
NEW. John 14:6. 6th ‘I Am’ statement, the Gospel’s most exclusivist christological claim (‘no one comes to the Father except through me’); ἀλήθεια rendered правда per established Ohienko precedent at this verse; the exclusivity clause must not be softened.
I Am True Vine
Approved rendering: Я є справжня виноградна лоза
Transliteration: Ya ye spravzhnya vynohradna loza
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἀληθινή
Category: Christology
NEW. John 15:1, 5. 7th ‘I Am’ statement; echoes OT vine-imagery for Israel (Psalm 80; Isaiah 5) reapplied to Christ.
Paraclete Counselor
Approved rendering: Утішитель
Transliteration: Utishytel’
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Rejected alternatives: заступник / заступництво (forbidden — reserved exclusively for saints’/Theotokos intercession in Orthodox and Greek Catholic devotion)
Original: Παράκλητος
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW. John 14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7. Established Ohienko term, foregrounding comfort/consolation but under-representing the equally present legal-advocate and convicting/prosecuting senses (16:8-11); must be explicitly taught with the fuller Paraclete range. Never substitute заступник/заступництво.
Spirit Of Truth
Approved rendering: Дух істини / правди
Transliteration: Dukh istyny / pravdy
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Original: πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW. John 14:17; 15:26; 16:13. Compounds the bare-Дух capitalization rule with the ἀλήθεια dual-candidate risk in a single title.
Spirit And Truth Worship
Approved rendering: Дух і істина / правда
Transliteration: Dukh i istyna / pravda
Doctrine: Worship in Spirit and Truth
Original: πνεῦμα καὶ ἀλήθεια
Category: Worship
NEW. John 4:23-24. Compounds two independently-Critical risks in a single doctrinally central phrase; must not appear to delegitimize Ukraine’s place-and-rite-bound liturgical worship traditions while clarifying the true ground of worship.
Spirit Convicts World
Approved rendering: переконає світ щодо гріха, і праведності, і суду
Transliteration: perekonaye svit shchodo hrikha, i pravednosti, i sudu
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Original: ἐλέγξει τὸν κόσμον περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ περὶ δικαιοσύνης καὶ περὶ κρίσεως
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW, compounding BASELINE гріх + BASELINE праведність + NEW суд + NEW світ. John 16:8. Highest single-verse concentration of Critical-tier terms outside John 3; requires unified, coordinated exposition.
Receive Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Прийміть Духа Святого
Transliteration: Pryymit’ Dukha Svyatoho
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Original: Λάβετε Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW, reusing BASELINE Святий Дух with adjusted word order for the imperative. John 20:22. A major Pentecost-anticipating text; must not be diminished into a merely symbolic gesture.
Lifted Up Exalted
Approved rendering: піднесений [бути]
Transliteration: pidnesenyy [buty]
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: ὑψωθῆναι / ὑψόω
Category: Atonement
NEW. John 3:14; 8:28; 12:32-34. Deliberate double meaning: crucified AND exalted/glorified simultaneously; mandatory translator’s note required at every occurrence.
My Flesh Eucharistic
Approved rendering: тіло Моє
Transliteration: tilo Moye
Doctrine: The Bread of Life and Eucharistic Language
Original: σάρξ μου
Category: Atonement
NEW, reusing BASELINE тіло. John 6:51-56. The most sacramentally-charged passage in the Gospel; must not resolve exclusively toward either a purely symbolic-memorial or a fully sacramental-transubstantiation reading.
Crucify Cross
Approved rendering: розп’яти / хрест
Transliteration: rozp”yaty / khrest
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: σταυρόω / σταυρός
Category: Atonement
NEW — keep distinct from BASELINE розп’ятий з Христом (Galatians, the believer’s doctrinal identification). John 19:16-30. Narrates the historical, once-for-all crucifixion event itself.
Ioudaioi Jews
Approved rendering: юдеї
Transliteration: yudeyi
Doctrine: The Ioudaioi Question
Original: Ἰουδαῖοι
Category: Covenant
See jews entry above (Section A) for full note; duplicated here under John’s own registry key for cross-reference completeness.
Sanctify Consecrate
Approved rendering: освячувати
Transliteration: osvyachuvaty
Doctrine: Sanctification and Consecration
Original: ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW verb form, reusing BASELINE освячення. John 17:17, 19. The baseline’s свячення-паски folk-ritual caution applies directly; must retain the Spirit’s moral-transformation and mission-grounding sense.
Purpose Of The Gospel
Approved rendering: це ж написано, щоб ви вірували… і, віруючи, мали життя в Ім’я Його
Transliteration: tse zh napysano, shchob vy viruvaly… i, viruyuchy, maly zhyttya v Im’ya Yoho
Doctrine: The Purpose of the Gospel of John
Original: ταῦτα δὲ γέγραπται ἵνα πιστεύσητε
Category: Faith
NEW. John 20:31. The Gospel’s own explicit thesis statement, uniting вірити + вічне життя + Ім’я; requires maximal cross-document consistency with every prior occurrence of these three terms throughout the whole book.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Євангеліє
Transliteration: Yevanheliye
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: добра звістка (acceptable as an explanatory gloss only)
Inherited from Romans package. Established across all Ukrainian Christian traditions. In John, ‘Євангеліє від Івана’ names the book itself; the term’s devotional weight from the wartime religious revival remains an asset.
Faith
Approved rendering: віра
Transliteration: vira
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: довіра, переконання
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form; extended in John by the verb form вірити (see Section B), given the Gospel’s 98 occurrences of πιστεύω, far exceeding Romans/Galatians’ noun-dominant usage.
Adoption
Approved rendering: усиновлення
Transliteration: usynovlennya
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: прийняття в сім’ю
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually parallel to, but lexically distinct from, John’s own діти Божі (see Section B); the baseline’s acute wartime-orphans emotional weight applies with undiminished force to both terms.
Lord
Approved rendering: Господь
Transliteration: Hospod’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: хазяїн, владика (reserve for liturgical/poetic register only)
Inherited from Romans package. Used as a title/address for Jesus throughout John (e.g., 20:28, Thomas’s confession ‘My Lord and my God’ — ‘Господь мій і Бог мій’); the baseline’s registerial caution (risk of sounding like a recited creed line) applies especially at climactic confession points.
Peace
Approved rendering: мир
Transliteration: myr
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: спокій, затишшя
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Central at John 14:27, 16:33, and the risen Christ’s repeated resurrection greeting (20:19, 21, 26); the baseline’s acute wartime мир-caution applies with intensified pastoral force at 20:19-26, Christ’s first words to frightened, grieving disciples.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Царство Боже
Transliteration: Tsarstvo Bozhe
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: держава Божа
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Doctrinal gateway concept of the New Birth teaching (3:3, 5); extended at 18:36 to Царство Моє (‘my kingdom’), where the baseline’s imperial-Russian-resonance caution intersects acutely with the wartime government/authority sensitivity.
Sin
Approved rendering: гріх
Transliteration: hrikh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: помилка, провина
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. John 1:29’s singular ‘sin of the world’ denotes the totality/mass of human sin, not individual sins only; the baseline’s wartime-narrowing caution (гріх reduced to mean only ‘atrocity’) applies with full force throughout, especially 8:34; 9:2-3, 41; 16:8-9.
Glory
Approved rendering: слава
Transliteration: slava
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: шана, велич
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central throughout (1:14; 2:11; 11:4, 40; 12:23, 28, 43; 17:1, 5); the baseline’s ‘Слава Україні’ patriotic-resonance caution is acute at 12:43’s explicit human-vs-divine glory contrast.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Месія
Transliteration: Mesiya
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: рятівник світу (as a stand-alone substitute)
Original: Χριστός / Μεσσίας
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. John 1:41 itself glosses the term (‘which is translated, Christ’); used alongside Христос per baseline instruction, re-surfacing the Jewish messianic-fulfillment sense throughout (4:25-26; 7:41-42; 11:27).
Election
Approved rendering: обрання
Transliteration: obrannya
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: доля, фатум, приречення (use only with careful qualification)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at John 15:16 (‘I chose you’) and 6:70 (‘I chose you, the twelve’); доля/фатум remain forbidden per the baseline’s wartime-fatalism caution.
Providence
Approved rendering: провидіння Боже
Transliteration: providinnya Bozhe
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: доля, випадок, карма (never use)
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies John’s ‘the hour’ motif (see Section B, час/година) as the divinely-appointed climactic moment; карма remains forbidden.
Mission
Approved rendering: місія / благовістя
Transliteration: misiya / blahovistya
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: пропаганда (never use)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at John 4:35-38 (harvest imagery) and 20:21 (‘as the Father has sent me, so I send you’); пропаганда remains forbidden.
Father
Approved rendering: Отець
Transliteration: Otets’
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
Rejected alternatives: батюшка (reserve exclusively for addressing an Orthodox priest, and is itself a Russicism increasingly avoided)
Inherited from Romans package. Central to John’s Father-Son unity/deity texts (chs. 5, 8, 10, 14, 17), intensifying the baseline’s existing caution about relational, personal precision.
Abba
Approved rendering: Авва
Transliteration: Avva
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not used directly in John’s text, but retained as the fixed convention for any intimacy-with-the-Father language that arises in exposition of John 14-17’s Father-Son material.
Love
Approved rendering: любов
Transliteration: lyubov
Doctrine: God’s Love for the World / The New Commandment
Inherited from Galatians package. Central at John 3:16, 13:34-35, 15:12-17, and 21:15-17 (where it also renders φιλέω, since Ukrainian lacks a second common verb — a structural translation-loss requiring exposition). Must be framed as committed, costly, self-giving action, not vague sentiment, per the baseline’s existing love-doctrine discipline.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Син Людський
Transliteration: Syn Lyudskyy
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word) / Judgment
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW. John 3:13-14; 5:27; 9:35; 12:23, 34; 13:31. Daniel 7:13-14 messianic-authority background must be explicitly supplied; modern Ukrainian could otherwise flatten this into ‘a mere mortal.‘
Descended From Heaven
Approved rendering: зійшов із неба
Transliteration: ziyshov iz neba
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)
Original: καταβὰς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. John 3:13; 6:38, 62. Must exceed the tentative ‘teacher come from God’ sense of Nicodemus’s initial partial confession (3:2); a direct pre-existence and incarnation claim.
Tabernacled Dwelt
Approved rendering: оселився / перебував
Transliteration: oselyvsya / perebuvav
Doctrine: The Incarnation of the Word
Original: σκηνόω
Category: Christology
NEW. John 1:14. Deliberately echoes the OT tabernacle (σκηνόω/σκηνή); requires explicit exposition for readers whose primary Bible exposure is liturgical excerpts rather than continuous OT narrative, per the baseline’s existing Davidic-covenant background gap.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: вічне життя
Transliteration: vichne zhyttya
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW. John 3:15-16, 36; 5:24; 6:40, 47; 10:28; 17:3; 20:31. Must be taught as qualitative, relational, already-inaugurated divine life (per 17:3’s own definition), not a merely quantitative ‘life that lasts forever.’ Anchor to 17:3 at first occurrence (3:15-16) and maintain consistently; add John 20:31 to the pipeline’s cross-document consistency list alongside Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, and 10:9-10.
Believe Verb
Approved rendering: вірити
Transliteration: viryty
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Original: πιστεύω
Category: Faith
NEW verb form (noun віра is BASELINE). John’s most frequent theological verb, 98 occurrences. Amplifies the baseline’s confessional-identity-drift caution (‘what is his faith?’) given the sheer repetition; must consistently be anchored to personal trust in Christ specifically.
Believe Into Him
Approved rendering: вірує в Нього
Transliteration: viruye v Nyoho
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Original: πιστεύων εἰς αὐτόν
Category: Faith
NEW. John 3:16, 18, 36; 6:29, 35, 40; 7:38; 11:25-26; 12:44, 46; 14:1, 12; 16:9; 20:31. John’s characteristic ‘believe into him’ construction, emphasizing personal, relational, entrusting movement toward Christ. Cross-document consistency required at every occurrence.
Perish
Approved rendering: загинути / згинути
Transliteration: zahynuty / zhynuty
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Original: ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Salvation
NEW. John 3:16. Must retain the sense of a real, final, eternal loss — the negative complement to eternal life — not a merely this-worldly ‘come to ruin’ or temporary setback.
Bread Of Life
Approved rendering: хліб життя
Transliteration: khlib zhyttya
Doctrine: The Seven ‘I Am’ Statements / Eternal Life
Original: ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW. John 6:35, 48. Requires manna/Exodus background; the Eucharistic resonance the Orthodox and Greek Catholic traditions will readily supply is a cultural asset, provided the passage’s primary point (believing reception, vv.35, 40, 47) remains clear.
Savior Of The World
Approved rendering: Спаситель світу
Transliteration: Spasytel’ svitu
Doctrine: God’s Love for the World
Original: σωτὴρ τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Salvation
NEW. John 4:42. Reinforces John 3:16-17’s scope; must retain full universal scope per the baseline’s Universal Scope of the Gospel doctrine.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: гнів Божий
Transliteration: hniv Bozhyy
Doctrine: God’s Love for the World
Original: ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: God
NEW. John 3:36. A just, personal, moral response to unbelief consistent with God’s holiness; must be paired (not opposed) with 3:16’s love — both/and, not contradiction.
Judgment Krisis
Approved rendering: суд
Transliteration: sud
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: κρίσις
Category: Judgment
NEW. John 3:19; 5:22, 24, 27, 29-30; 16:8, 11. Describes both the mechanism of self-selected judgment (3:19) and the Son’s delegated end-time authority (ch.5); must not read as arbitrary external verdict only.
Judge Krino
Approved rendering: судити
Transliteration: sudyty
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: κρίνω
Category: Judgment
NEW. John 3:17-18; 5:22, 27, 30; 7:24; 8:15-16. Must be distinguished from, while still including, condemnatory judgment; God’s primary intent is salvific (3:17) even as unbelief’s judgment stands (3:18-19) — both/and, not contradiction.
Already Judged
Approved rendering: вже засуджений
Transliteration: vzhe zasudzhenyy
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: ἤδη κέκριται
Category: Judgment
NEW. John 3:18. The perfect tense’s present, ongoing force must be preserved — unbelief’s judgment is a present, not solely future, reality.
Human Spirit Lowercase
Approved rendering: дух (lowercase)
Transliteration: dukh
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: πνεῦμα (of Christ’s own human spirit)
Category: Anthropology
NEW. John 19:30 (‘gave up his spirit’). This is the SOLE mandated lowercase exception to the bare-pneuma capitalization rule elsewhere in John — denotes Christ’s own human spirit/life, NOT the Holy Spirit. Translators must not mechanically capitalize every πνεῦμα.
Lamb Of God
Approved rendering: Агнець Божий
Transliteration: Ahnets’ Bozhyy
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Atonement
NEW. John 1:29, 36. Requires the Passover (Exodus 12) and/or Isaiah 53 background; must retain substitutionary, sin-bearing force (‘who takes away the sin of the world’), not a generic gentleness-metaphor.
Lay Down Life
Approved rendering: віддати життя [душу]
Transliteration: viddaty zhyttya [dushu]
Doctrine: The Good Shepherd and Sacrificial Love
Original: τιθέναι τὴν ψυχήν
Category: Atonement
NEW. John 10:11, 15, 17-18. Must retain the voluntary, substitutionary self-giving sense (‘of his own accord,’ v.18) — not passive victimhood; душа must remain a clarifying gloss, not the primary term, given its disembodied-soul connotations.
It Is Finished
Approved rendering: звершилося
Transliteration: zvershylosya
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: τετέλεσται
Category: Atonement
NEW. John 19:30. Perfect-tense declaration of a completed, sufficient, once-for-all accomplishment; must not flatten to a simple ‘it’s over.‘
Testimony Witness
Approved rendering: свідчення / свідчити
Transliteration: svidchennya / svidchyty
Doctrine: Witness and Testimony
Original: μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω
Category: Witness
NEW. John 1:7-8, 15, 32, 34; 3:11; 5:31-39; 8:14, 18; 15:26-27; 19:35; 21:24. Must retain full legal/eyewitness testimonial force; must not flatten into generic ‘say’ or ‘share an opinion.‘
Ruler Of The Jews
Approved rendering: начальник юдейський
Transliteration: nachal’nyk yudeys’kyy
Doctrine: The Ioudaioi Question
Original: ἄρχων τῶν Ἰουδαίων
Category: Covenant
NEW. John 3:1. Must read as a historical-social descriptor of Sanhedrin membership, not a blanket ethnic label.
Hour
Approved rendering: час / година
Transliteration: chas / hodyna
Doctrine: Betrayal and the Passion Narrative
Original: ἡ ὥρα
Category: Christology
NEW. John 2:4; 7:30; 8:20; 12:23, 27; 13:1; 17:1. A distinctively Johannine motif denoting the single, divinely-appointed, climactic moment of Christ’s death-and-glorification; must not be read as merely ‘a period of time.‘
Kingdom Not Of This World
Approved rendering: Царство Моє
Transliteration: Tsarstvo Moye
Doctrine: Christ’s Kingdom Not of This World
Original: ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου
Category: Kingdom
NEW, extending BASELINE Царство. John 18:33-38; 19:19-22. The baseline’s царство/imperial-Russian-resonance caution is acute here, in a passage itself about the non-worldly nature of Christ’s kingship in contrast to worldly political power; must avoid both that echo and any contemporary wartime political reading.
New Commandment
Approved rendering: нова заповідь
Transliteration: nova zapovid’
Doctrine: The New Commandment: Love One Another
Original: ἐντολὴ καινή
Category: Ethics
NEW, reusing BASELINE любов. John 13:34-35. Must not be reduced to generic ethical advice detached from Christ’s own self-giving love enacted in the footwashing and the cross.
Temple Of His Body
Approved rendering: храм
Transliteration: khram
Doctrine: Signs and the Revelation of Glory
Original: ναός
Category: Church
NEW. John 2:19-21. Wordplay (literal temple / Christ’s body as the true temple) anticipating the resurrection; must be made explicit. Intersects with the baseline’s church-terminology caution — avoid conflating with any one contemporary Ukrainian church building or institution.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: діти Божі
Transliteration: dity Bozhi
Doctrine: Sonship and Adoption of Believers
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW. John 1:12-13; 11:52. Derivative, adoptive, faith-based sonship, conceptually parallel to but lexically distinct from BASELINE усиновлення; must be kept sharply distinct from Однороджений to avoid blurring the Deity-of-Christ doctrine.
Living Water
Approved rendering: жива вода
Transliteration: zhyva voda
Doctrine: Living Water and the Spirit
Original: ὕδωρ ζῶν
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW. John 4:10-14; 7:37-39. OT divine-life-source imagery (Jeremiah 2:13; 17:13), extended explicitly to the Holy Spirit at 7:38-39; must stay distinct from the literal well-water narrative level.
Forgiveness Of Sins John
Approved rendering: прощати гріхи
Transliteration: proshchaty hrikhy
Doctrine: Forgiveness and the Authority to Forgive Sins
Original: ἀφίημι ἁμαρτίας
Category: Salvation
NEW, reusing BASELINE гріх. John 20:23. Must be rendered on this verse’s own terms without importing an unneeded forensic виправдання-gloss, while not treating прощення as a full soteriological substitute elsewhere in the curriculum.
Unity Of Believers
Approved rendering: щоб були одно, як
Transliteration: shchob buly odno, yak
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
Original: ἵνα ἓν ὦσιν καθὼς
Category: Church
NEW. John 17:11, 21-22. Believers’ unity modeled on, but not identical in kind to, the Father-Son unity; frame as unity in Christ transcending any single Ukrainian ecclesial jurisdiction.
Love Agape Phileo
Approved rendering: любов / любити
Transliteration: lyubov / lyubyty
Doctrine: The New Commandment: Love One Another
Original: ἀγάπη, ἀγαπάω / φιλέω
Category: Faith
NEW context, reusing BASELINE любов for both Greek verbs. John 21:15-17’s ἀγαπάω/φιλέω distinction cannot be reproduced lexically in Ukrainian — a structural translation-loss requiring exposition/footnoting, parallel to the 3:8 wind/Spirit wordplay loss.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: апостол
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: посланець, проповідник
Inherited from Romans package. Not a Johannine self-designation term (John does not narrate Paul-style apostleship claims), but relevant background for the doctrine of Witness and Testimony and for 20:21’s commissioning (‘as the Father has sent me, even so I am sending you’).
Holy
Approved rendering: святий
Transliteration: svyatyy
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: чистий, непорочний
Inherited from Romans package. Component of Святий Дух (Holy Spirit) and of ἁγιάζω/освячувати at 17:17, 19.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: воскресіння
Transliteration: voskresinnya
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: оживлення, реінкарнація
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Narrative climax in John 20; combined with the ‘I Am’ formula at 11:25. реінкарнація remains forbidden — no competing native reincarnation concept exists to confuse this term, but John’s Hindu/Buddhist comparative rows in 04_comparative_theology.md flag the same false-friend risk by analogy.
Law
Approved rendering: закон
Transliteration: zakon
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: правило, заповідь (reserve for individual commandments)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at 1:17 (‘the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ’) and 7:19-23, 51 (Pharisaic legal debate); no significant additional Ukraine-specific risk beyond the baseline’s existing caution.
Covenant
Approved rendering: завіт
Transliteration: zavit
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: договір, угода
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the Davidic-descent debate at 7:42 and the Abrahamic-covenant argument of ch. 8; not a frequent explicit Johannine term but relevant background vocabulary.
Intercession
Approved rendering: клопотання
Transliteration: klopotannya
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: заступництво (reserve for saints’/Theotokos intercession contexts)
Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept distinct from Утішитель (see Section B), John’s own term for the Holy Spirit’s Paraclete/Counselor role; заступництво remains forbidden for both, exclusively reserved for the intercession of the saints and the Theotokos.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: з насіння Давидового
Transliteration: z nasinnya Davydovoho
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: нащадок Давида (acceptable modern-register gloss)
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at John 7:42’s popular Messianic objection (‘Does not the Scripture say that the Christ comes from the offspring of David?’).
Circumcision
Approved rendering: обрізання
Transliteration: obrizannya
Doctrine: Circumcision
Inherited from Galatians package. Briefly relevant at John 7:22-23 (Jesus’s argument from the Sabbath-circumcision practice); lower risk here than in Galatians since John does not engage the circumcision-as-justification controversy directly.
Abraham
Approved rendering: Авраам
Transliteration: Avraam
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Inherited from Galatians package. Central to John 8:31-58’s extended dialogue on true Abrahamic descent, culminating in 8:58’s pre-existence claim; requires the same Genesis narrative background the baseline already flags.
Fruit Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: плід Духа
Transliteration: plid Dukha
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: плоди Духа (avoid pluralizing; Greek is deliberately singular)
Inherited from Galatians package. Referenced for contrast with John’s own broader плід (see Section B, fruit_john); John 15’s fruit-bearing (abiding-produced ministry/life generally) is a related but distinct concept from Galatians 5:22-23’s nine specific character qualities — keep the two conceptually fenced.
Light And Darkness
Approved rendering: світло / темрява
Transliteration: svitlo / temryava
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: φῶς / σκότος
Category: Judgment
NEW. John 1:4-5, 9; 3:19-21; 8:12; 12:35-46. Lexically stable dualistic metaphor with no competing native cosmology; primary risk is under-teaching the moral (not merely epistemic) force of ‘loved darkness.‘
Works General
Approved rendering: діла
Transliteration: dila
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: ἔργα
Category: Judgment
NEW. John 3:19-21. General moral-conduct term; must not be conflated with the Galatians-established діла закону (‘works of the Law,’ Torah-boundary markers), an unrelated category.
Works Of God
Approved rendering: діла Божі
Transliteration: dila Bozhi
Doctrine: Signs and the Revelation of Glory
Original: ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
NEW. John 9:3; 6:28-29. God’s sovereign initiative displayed through Christ’s signs, a positive counterpart to the negative діла of 3:19-21; must be distinguished from human діла.
Blood And Water
Approved rendering: кров та вода
Transliteration: krov ta voda
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: αἷμα καὶ ὕδωρ
Category: Atonement
NEW. John 19:34. Note the historic dual reception (docetism-countering medical confirmation and/or typological baptism/eucharist echo) without over-determining a single reading.
Sign
Approved rendering: знамення
Transliteration: znamennya
Doctrine: Signs and the Revelation of Glory
Rejected alternatives: чудо (acceptable only as a loose explanatory gloss, never a substitute)
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Signs
NEW. John 2:11; 3:2; 4:54; 6:14; 9; 11:47; 12:18; 20:30. John’s chosen term over чудо (‘wonder/miracle’); always points beyond itself to reveal identity/glory.
Friends Slaves
Approved rendering: друзі / раби
Transliteration: druzi / raby
Doctrine: The True Vine and Abiding in Christ
Original: φίλοι / δοῦλοι
Category: Ethics
NEW. John 15:14-15. Models relational intimacy of discipleship; low doctrinal risk beyond ensuring the contrast registers clearly.
Fruit John
Approved rendering: плід
Transliteration: plid
Doctrine: The True Vine and Abiding in Christ
Original: καρπός
Category: Sanctification
NEW context, echoing BASELINE плід Духа (Galatians). John 15:2, 4-5, 8, 16. Broader referent (fruitful abiding-produced ministry/life generally) than Galatians’ nine character qualities; keep conceptually distinct but consciously resonant.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: пророк
Transliteration: prorok
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ворожбит, екстрасенс
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to John the Baptist (1:21, 25) and popularly to Jesus (4:19; 6:14; 7:40; 9:17); ворожбит/екстрасенс remain forbidden per the baseline’s post-Soviet folk-psychic caution.
David
Approved rendering: Давид
Transliteration: Davyd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at John 7:42’s popular Messianic-descent objection.
Israel
Approved rendering: Ізраїль
Transliteration: Izrayil’
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant at John 1:47, 49 (‘King of Israel’) and 3:10 (‘the teacher of Israel’); the baseline’s note about the modern nation-state sharing the identical name remains relevant.
Pharisee
Approved rendering: фарисей
Transliteration: farysey
Doctrine: The Ioudaioi Question
Original: Φαρισαῖος
Category: Covenant
NEW. John 3:1 and throughout. Well-established transliterated loanword in Ukrainian Bible tradition; low ambiguity risk.
Referenced passages