Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Corinthians (English–Greek–Ukrainian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all thirteen chapters of 2 Corinthians. Terms are grouped into (A) terms inherited unchanged from the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json, which must be reused exactly, and (B) new terms proposed for addition to translation memory, organized by doctrine. Risk tiers follow the Critical/High/Medium/Low framework established in doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Terms Inherited from Baseline — Reused Exactly (No Change)
| Term (EN) | Ukrainian | Risk (baseline) | 2 Corinthians occurrences (representative) |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | Бог | Critical | throughout |
| Lord | Господь | High | 1:2-3; 4:5; 10:17-18; 13:14 |
| Jesus | Ісус | Critical | 1:19; 4:5-14; 11:4 |
| Christ | Христос | (established) | throughout |
| Holy Spirit | Святий Дух | Critical | 1:22; 3:3; 13:14 |
| Spirit (bare πνεῦμα) | Дух (capitalized, glossed) | Critical | 3:3, 6, 8, 17-18 |
| grace | благодать | Critical | 1:2; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1,6,7,9,19; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14 |
| faith | віра | High | 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 13:5 |
| righteousness | праведність | Critical | 5:21; 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15 |
| justification / justify | виправдання | Critical | (conceptually present, 5:21) |
| salvation | спасіння | Critical | 1:6; 2:15; 6:2; 7:10 |
| sin | гріх | High | 5:19,21; 11:7 |
| apostle | апостол | Medium | 1:1; 11:5,13; 12:11-12 |
| church | церква | Critical | 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13 |
| covenant | завіт | High | 3:6,14 |
| glory | слава | High | 1:20; 3:7-18; 4:4,6,15,17; 8:19,23 |
| love | любов | High | 2:4,8; 5:14; 6:6; 8:7-8,24; 13:11,13-14 |
| flesh (ethical/structural sense) | тіло | Critical | 1:17; 5:16; 7:1,5; 10:2-4; 11:18; 12:7 |
| new creation | нове творіння | High | 5:17 |
| fellowship | спілкування | Low | 1:7; 6:14; 8:4; 13:13-14 |
| promise | обітниця | High | 1:20; 7:1 |
| holy / holiness | святий / святість | High/Medium | 1:1; 6:6; 7:1; 13:12 |
| resurrection | воскресіння | Medium | 4:14; 5:15 |
| yoke (image) | ярмо | High | 6:14 |
| exhort/entreat | закликати / благати | Low | 5:20; 6:1; 10:1 |
| thanksgiving | подяка | Low | 1:11; 4:15; 9:11-12 |
| imputed / not counted (λογίζομαι root) | зарахована / (не) зараховуючи | Critical | 5:19 |
| Amen | амінь | Low | 1:20 |
B. New Terms Introduced by 2 Corinthians
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| reconciliation (noun) | καταλλαγή / katallagē | примирення | Critical | 5:18-19 | Collides with “Sacrament of Reconciliation” (Таїнство Покаяння і Примирення), the Greek Catholic name for confession; must denote God’s once-for-all objective act, not the repeated sacramental rite |
| reconcile (verb) | καταλλάσσω / katallassō | примирити / примиряти | Critical | 5:18-20 | Same collision as above |
| ministry of reconciliation | διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς / diakonia tēs katallagēs | служіння примирення | Critical | 5:18 | Compound of ministry + reconciliation, both flagged terms |
| not counting (sins) | μὴ λογιζόμενος / mē logizomenos | не зараховуючи | Critical | 5:19 | Shares baseline’s зарахувати root (imputed_righteousness); forensic accounting category foreign to Orthodox/Greek Catholic frameworks |
| ambassador | πρεσβεύω / presbeuō | посол / посли | High | 5:20 | Acute live diplomatic resonance given wartime Ukrainian diplomacy; must not be flattened into political messaging |
| world (κόσμος, reconciliation’s scope) | κόσμος / kosmos | світ | Medium | 5:19 | Must not be confused with мир (peace/world homograph flagged in baseline) |
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| new creation | καινὴ κτίσις / kainē ktisis | нове творіння | High | 5:17 | TM reused exactly from Galatians 6:15; applied here to the individual believer |
| the old has passed away | τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν / ta archaia parēlthen | старе минуло | Medium | 5:17 | Decisive, complete termination |
| in Christ | ἐν Χριστῷ / en Christō | у Христі | High | 5:17 | Union formula; identity grounded in Christ, not jurisdiction or nationality |
| according to the flesh (evaluative sense) | κατὰ σάρκα / kata sarka | за тілом / за людськими мірками | Critical | 5:16 | Third distinct sense of σάρξ word-family (worldly evaluative standard); must be disambiguated from Galatians’ ethical sense and from neutral σῶμα sense |
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| comfort / consolation | παράκλησις, παρακαλέω / paraklēsis, parakaleō | утіха / утішати | High | 1:3-7; 7:4,6-7,13 | Distinguish from Утішитель (Paraclete title for the Spirit elsewhere in NT) |
| affliction | θλῖψις / thlipsis | скорбота / страждання | High | 1:4,8; 4:17; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2 | Acute wartime resonance; neither minimize nor moralize real suffering |
| Father of mercies | πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν / patēr tōn oiktirmōn | Отець милосердя | Medium | 1:3 | |
| guarantee/deposit (of the Spirit) | ἀρραβών / arrabōn | запорука | Medium | 1:22; 5:5 | Commercial/legal image; retain relational-pledge sense |
| seal | σφραγίζω / sphragizō | запечатати | Low | 1:22 | |
| treasure in jars of clay | θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν / thēsauros en ostrakinois skeuesin | скарб у глиняних посудинах | Low | 4:7 | |
| outer/inner man | ἔξω / ἔσω ἄνθρωπος / exō / esō anthrōpos | зовнішня / внутрішня людина | Low-Medium | 4:16 | |
| eternal weight of glory | αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης / aiōnion baros doxēs | вічна вага (тягар) слави | High | 4:17 | Reuses слава’s patriotic-resonance caution from baseline |
| earthly tent | σκῆνος / skēnos | шатро / оселя земна | Low | 5:1,4 | |
| judgment seat of Christ | βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ / bēma tou Christou | судилище Христове | High | 5:10 | Evaluative reckoning for believers, distinct from condemnation |
| endurance | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | терпіння / витривалість | Medium | 6:4 | High resonance for wartime perseverance |
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη / kainē diathēkē | новий завіт | Critical | 3:6 | Must be disambiguated from “Новий Завіт” as the book title (New Testament) |
| letter / written code | γράμμα / gramma | буква (закону) | High | 3:6-7 | Risk of flattening into a “legal technicality” idiom |
| glory (Moses’ fading vs. the church’s increasing) | δόξα / doxa | слава | High | 3:7-18 | TM reused |
| veil | κάλυμμα / kalymma | покрив / завіса | Medium | 3:13-16 | Requires Exodus 34 background |
| transformed / being transfigured | μεταμορφούμεθα / metamorphoumetha | перетворюємося (на подобу Христа) | Critical | 3:18 | Same root as Преображення (Transfiguration feast); must be distinguished |
| image (of Christ / of God) | εἰκών / eikōn | образ (Христовий/Божий) | Medium | 3:18; 4:4 | Positive bridge to icon (ікона) theology |
| sufficiency | ἱκανότης, ἱκανός / hikanotēs, hikanos | достатність / гідність | Medium | 3:5-6 | Cross-reference with 12:9 |
| tablets of stone / hearts of flesh | πλάκες λίθιναι / καρδίαι σάρκιναι | кам’яні таблиці / серця з плоті | Medium | 3:3 | Positive, neutral sense of “flesh”; not the Critical ethical sense |
| the god of this age | θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου / theos tou aiōnos toutou | бог цього віку | High | 4:4 | Lowercase бог essential; refers to Satan’s usurped dominion, not a rival deity |
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sincerity | εἰλικρίνεια / eilikrineia | щирість | Medium | 1:12; 2:17 | |
| commend (oneself) | συνιστάνω / synistanō | рекомендувати / вихваляти себе | Medium | 3:1; 5:12 | Paul distances self from self-promotion tactics |
| letters of recommendation | ἐπιστολαὶ συστατικαί / epistolai systatikai | рекомендаційні листи | Low | 3:1 | |
| peddling (the word) | καπηλεύω / kapēleuō | торгувати (словом Божим) | Medium | 2:17 | Must retain force of commercial exploitation critique |
| ministry | διακονία / diakonia | служіння | Medium | 3:6-9; 4:1; 5:18; 6:3 | Same root as діакон (deacon office); disambiguate scope |
| false apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι / pseudapostoloi | лжеапостоли | High | 11:13 | Reuses лже- pattern from лжебрати (Galatians TM) |
| deceitful workers | ἐργάται δόλιοι / ergatai dolioi | лукаві робітники | Medium | 11:13 | |
| disguises himself | μετασχηματίζεται / metaschēmatizetai | прибирає вигляду | Medium | 11:13-15 | |
| angel of light | ἄγγελος φωτός / angelos phōtos | ангел світла | Medium | 11:14 | Distinguish from genuine angelic appearances and folk-supernatural categories |
| super-apostles (sarcasm) | ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι / hyperlian apostoloi | ”найвищі апостоли” (сарказм) | Medium | 11:5; 12:11 | Irony must be carried by exposition |
| boasting | καύχησις, καύχημα, καυχάομαι / kauchēsis, kauchēma, kauchaomai | похвала / хвалитися | Medium | throughout 10-12 | Double-edged register (pride/bragging), matches English |
| examine/test yourselves | δοκιμάζω / dokimazō | випробовувати / досліджувати себе | Medium | 13:5 | |
| disqualified | ἀδόκιμος / adokimos | невитриманий іспиту / негідний | Medium | 13:5-7 | |
| restoration | κατάρτισις / katartisis | вдосконалення / приведення до ладу | Low-Medium | 13:9 | |
| godly jealousy | ζῆλος θεοῦ / zēlos theou | ревність Божа | Medium | 11:2 | |
| conscience | συνείδησις / syneidēsis | совість | Low-Medium | 1:12; 4:2; 5:11 | |
| fear of the Lord | φόβος Κυρίου / phobos Kyriou | страх Господній | Medium | 5:11; 7:1 |
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace (as concrete gift/generous act) | χάρις / charis | благодать / дар | Critical | 8:1,6,7,9,19 | Extends baseline’s Critical благодать into a distinct wordplay sub-case (grace produces, and is called, generosity) |
| fellowship/partnership (in giving) | κοινωνία / koinōnia | спілкування (у служінні) | Medium | 8:4 | TM reused, extended to material sharing |
| poverty | πτωχεία / ptōcheia | бідність | Medium | 8:2,9 | Includes Christ’s own kenotic poverty (8:9) |
| generosity/simplicity of intent | ἁπλότης / haplotēs | щедрість / простота (наміру) | Medium | 8:2; 9:11,13 | |
| equality/fairness | ἰσότης / isotēs | рівність (справедлива) | Medium | 8:13-14 | Anchor to material mutual-sharing point, not broader ideological debates |
| eagerness/readiness | προθυμία / prothymia | готовність / охота | Low | 8:11-12,19 | |
| sow / reap | σπείρω / θερίζω | сіяти / жати | Low | 9:6 | |
| cheerful giver | δότης ἱλαρός / dotēs hilaros | радісний давач | Low | 9:7 | |
| abundance/bountifulness | ἁδρότης / hadrotēs | щедрість / повнота (дару) | Low | 8:20 | |
| righteousness (as generous deed) | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | праведність | High | 9:9-10 | TM reused; distinct-but-related nuance from forensic sense |
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| weakness | ἀσθένεια / astheneia | неміч (Scripture) / слабість (exposition) | High | 11:30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4 | Doctrine’s lexical anchor; register split per baseline’s свобода/воля convention; wartime strength-rhetoric collision |
| my grace is sufficient | ἀρκεῖ ἡ χάρις μου / arkei hē charis mou | Моєї благодаті достатньо (для тебе) | Critical | 12:9 | Key pastoral verse; render with fixed, memorable consistency |
| power (made perfect in weakness) | δύναμις / dynamis | сила (Божа) | High | 12:9; 13:4 | TM reused — сила Божа |
| thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί / skolops tē sarki | жало в тілі | Medium | 12:7 | |
| messenger/angel of Satan | ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ / angelos Satana | ангел сатани | Medium | 12:7 | |
| rest upon / tabernacle upon | ἐπισκηνώσῃ / episkēnōsē | оселитися на / спочити на | Medium | 12:9 | Vivid dwelling-presence image |
| I am well content | εὐδοκῶ / eudokō | я маю вподобання (в неміч) | Medium | 12:10 | |
| signs, wonders, mighty deeds | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα καὶ δυνάμεις / sēmeia kai terata kai dynameis | знамення, чудеса й сили | Medium | 12:12 | Confirms genuine apostleship |
| caught up (to paradise) | ἁρπάζω / harpazō | підхоплений (був узятий) | Low-Medium | 12:2,4 | |
| third heaven / paradise | τρίτος οὐρανός / παράδεισος | третє небо / рай | Low | 12:2,4 | |
| revelation | ἀποκάλυψις / apokalypsis | об’явлення / відкриття | Medium | 12:1,7 |
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship (additional; overlaps Sincerity/Authority above)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| weapons / arms | ὅπλα / hopla | зброя | Critical | 10:4 | Literal, live wartime resonance; must remain unmistakably metaphorical |
| wage war | στρατεύομαι / strateuomai | воювати | Critical | 10:3 | |
| stronghold | ὀχύρωμα / ochyrōma | твердиня | Critical | 10:4 | Current, real term for actual battlefield fortifications in Ukraine’s war |
| demolition of strongholds | καθαίρεσις ὀχυρωμάτων / kathairesis ochyrōmatōn | руйнування твердинь | Critical | 10:4 | |
| reasonings/arguments | λογισμοί / logismoi | думки / розумування | High | 10:4-5 | The actual metaphorical target: ideas, not persons or places |
| take captive | αἰχμαλωτίζω / aichmalōtizō | брати в полон | Critical | 10:5 | Полон names real, current POW/captivity suffering in Ukraine; pastoral care mandatory |
| obedience of Christ | ὑπακοὴ τοῦ Χριστοῦ / hypakoē tou Christou | покора Христу | High | 10:5 | |
| measure/sphere/limit | κανών / kanōn | межа / визначена сфера | Low-Medium | 10:13 | |
| godly jealousy (betrothal image) | ζῆλος θεοῦ / zēlos theou | ревність Божа | Medium | 11:2 | |
| pure virgin | παρθένος ἁγνή / parthenos hagnē | чиста діва | Medium | 11:2 | |
| serpent | ὄφις / ophis | змій | Low | 11:3 | |
| deceive | ἐξαπατάω / exapataō | звабити / обманути | Low-Medium | 11:3 | |
| foolishness | ἀφροσύνη / aphrosynē | нерозумність / безумство | Low | 11:1,17,21 | |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς / Satanas | Сатана | Medium | 2:11; 11:14; 12:7 | Standard shared term |
| Belial | Βελίαρ / Beliar | Веліар | Low | 6:15 | Rare title; requires brief gloss |
Doctrine (chapter 6-7 supporting terms, various)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acceptable/favorable time | καιρὸς εὐπρόσδεκτος / kairos euprosdektos | сприятливий час | Low | 6:2 | |
| blameless | ἀπρόσκοπος / aproskopos | безпорочний / без спотикання | Medium | 6:3 | |
| purity | ἁγνότης / hagnotēs | чистота | Low-Medium | 6:6 | |
| patience | μακροθυμία / makrothymia | довготерпіння | Low | 6:6 | |
| kindness | χρηστότης / chrēstotēs | доброта | Low | 6:6 | |
| temple of the living God | ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος / naos theou zōntos | храм Бога Живого | High | 6:16 | Metaphorical; must not evoke a physical building/jurisdiction |
| unequally yoked | ἑτεροζυγέω / heterozygeō | бути під нерівним/чужим ярмом | Medium | 6:14 | Reuses ярмо image (Galatians TM), distinct referent |
| holiness | ἁγιωσύνη / hagiōsynē | святість | Medium | 7:1 | TM root reused |
| godly grief | λύπη κατὰ θεόν / lypē kata theon | смуток за Богом / Божий смуток | Medium | 7:9-10 | |
| worldly grief | λύπη τοῦ κόσμου / lypē tou kosmou | смуток світу | Medium | 7:10 | |
| repentance | μετάνοια / metanoia | покаяння | Critical | 7:9-10 | Collides with Sacrament of Confession/Penance naming; must be distinguished |
| regret (short of repentance) | μεταμέλομαι / metamelomai | жаль / каяття (без зміни) | Medium | 7:8 | |
| forgive | συγχωρέω, χαρίζομαι / synchōreō, charizomai | прощати / дарувати прощення | Medium | 2:7,10 | χαρίζομαι shares χάρις root — asset connecting forgiveness to grace |
| triumphal procession | θρίαμβος / thriambos | тріумфальний похід | Medium-High | 2:14 | Roman military-parade image; avoid simple triumphalism |
| fragrance of Christ | ὀσμή, εὐωδία Χριστοῦ / osmē, euōdia Christou | пахощі / благоухання Христове | Low | 2:14-16 |
Closing Benediction (Trinitarian Formula)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace, love, fellowship of the Holy Spirit | χάρις, ἀγάπη, κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος | благодать, любов і спілкування Святого Духа | Critical | 13:14 | Fixed liturgical-style formula; render identically across all lesson materials |
Risk Summary for 2 Corinthians New Terms
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 16 | Human theologian (mandatory) |
| High | 12 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 38 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 20 | Automated review sufficient |
Mandatory theologian-review flashpoints unique to this book: reconciliation/примирення (5:18-20); the entire military-metaphor complex of 10:3-6 (weapons/stronghold/captive); new covenant/новий завіт (3:6) against the New Testament book-title homograph; transformed/перетворюємося (3:18) against the Transfiguration feast; repentance/покаяння (7:9-10) against the Sacrament of Penance; grace-as-gift (χάρις, ch. 8-9) as a distinct sub-case of the baseline’s already-Critical благодать; weakness/неміч-слабість (12:9-10) against wartime strength-rhetoric; and 5:21’s dense forensic-exchange language (сталa праведністю Божою), which concentrates nearly every Critical baseline soteriological term in a single verse.
This glossary must be loaded alongside 07_semantic_analysis.md, the baseline translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json before Phase 2 translation of any 2 Corinthians segment begins. New terms proposed here require formal addition to translation_memory.json (with version increment) before Phase 2 processing, per the enforcement procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blahodat’
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: милість, талан, щастя
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Inherits the baseline’s three-tradition Critical caution. 2 Corinthians adds a distinct sub-case in chapters 8-9 (see grace_as_gift below) where Paul deliberately reuses this word for a concrete generous gift, a wordplay ordinary благодать does not carry automatically.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: праведність
Transliteration: pravednist’
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: справедливість, чесність
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Central to 5:21’s forensic-exchange formula and reappears at 9:9-10 with a distinct-but-related nuance (righteousness expressed as generosity). справедливість remains a rejected false friend throughout.
Justification
Approved rendering: виправдання
Transliteration: vypravdannya
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: прощення гріхів, оправдання (Russian-influenced spelling, avoid)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Conceptually present in 5:21’s exchange formula though not lexicalized there directly; retain exact Ukrainian spelling, never the Russicism оправдання.
Salvation
Approved rendering: спасіння
Transliteration: spasinnya
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: визволення, рятування (too generic, ‘rescue’)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:6; 2:15; 6:2 (citing Isaiah); 7:10 (godly grief ‘leads to salvation’). Must remain anchored to Christ’s death/resurrection, not left to default into any one tradition’s fuller system.
Church
Approved rendering: церква
Transliteration: tserkva
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: храм, громада (acceptable for local congregation emphasis)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church as God’s People
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:1; 8:1, 18-19, 23-24; 11:8, 28; 12:13, including Paul’s description of ‘the churches’ cooperating in the Jerusalem collection — a translocal, non-jurisdictional network model, an asset for framing церква as the universal people of God rather than any one Ukrainian jurisdiction.
Flesh
Approved rendering: тіло
Transliteration: tilo
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: плоть (acceptable only in elevated/poetic register)
Inherited from Galatians package, unchanged. 2 Corinthians compounds the Galatians two-sense problem (σάρξ ethical vs. σῶμα neutral) with two further senses unique to this letter: an evaluative ‘worldly standard’ sense (5:16, see according_to_flesh_evaluative) and a positive covenantal sense (3:3, see tablets_of_stone_hearts_of_flesh). Every occurrence requires a first-occurrence sense-tag; see 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §7.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: зарахована праведність
Transliteration: zarakhovana pravednist’
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: заслужена праведність, дарована святість (too vague)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Shares its зарахувати root with 2 Corinthians 5:19’s negative counterpart, ‘not counting’ sins (see not_counted_sins below) — the same Western forensic-accounting category, absent from Orthodox/Greek Catholic soteriology, applied in reverse direction.
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Boh
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Всевишній (acceptable poetic synonym only)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Capitalization is doctrinally load-bearing in this letter: 4:4’s ‘бог цього віку’ (see god_of_this_age below) must remain strictly lowercase to avoid any appearance of a second true deity.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святий Дух
Transliteration: Svyatyy Dukh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use alone), енергія
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:22; 3:3; 13:14 (Trinitarian benediction).
Spirit Bare Pneuma
Approved rendering: Дух
Transliteration: Dukh
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use lowercase/unqualified for the Holy Spirit)
Inherited from Galatians package, unchanged. 2 Corinthians 3:3, 6, 8, 17-18 uses bare πνεῦμα repeatedly in the letter/Spirit contrast; every occurrence must be capitalized and glossed as the Holy Spirit on first occurrence, per the baseline’s wartime ‘бойовий дух’ caution.
Crucified With Christ
Approved rendering: розп’ятий з Христом
Transliteration: rozpyatyy z Khrystom
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement and Forensic Exchange
Inherited from Galatians package, unchanged. Cross-referenced here because 2 Corinthians 5:14’s ‘therefore all died’ (see all_died_in_christ below) parallels this Galatians 2:19-20 formula and inherits the identical East-West framing caution: the existential/forensic outworking of Christ’s death credited to believers, not automatically an ontological theosis claim.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: примирення
Transliteration: prymyrennya
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: звірення (does not carry the enmity-to-friendship sense)
Original: καταλλαγή
Category: Reconciliation with God
NEW, Critical. 5:18-19. Lexically neighbors ‘Таїнство Покаяння і Примирення,’ the Greek Catholic sacramental name for confession — a repeated, priest-mediated rite. Paul’s примирення is God’s own once-for-all, objective reconciling act in Christ, the finished basis any ongoing sacramental practice would itself depend on, not a synonym for that practice. Must be stated explicitly on first occurrence. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Reconcile
Approved rendering: примирити / примиряти
Transliteration: prymyryty / prymyryaty
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: καταλλάσσω
Category: Reconciliation with God
NEW, Critical. 5:18, 20. The imperative ‘be reconciled to God’ (5:20, καταλλάγητε) must read as a summons to receive a finished work, not to perform or complete a rite. Same sacramental-collision risk as reconciliation above.
Ministry Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: служіння примирення
Transliteration: sluzhinnya prymyrennya
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation with God
NEW, Critical compound. 5:18. Denotes proclamation of a finished divine act, not a ministry that itself produces or mediates reconciliation sacramentally; distinguish from служіння generally (see ministry_diakonia).
Not Counted Sins
Approved rendering: не зараховуючи (їм провин)
Transliteration: ne zarakhovuyuchy (yim provyn)
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: μὴ λογιζόμενος
Category: Reconciliation with God
NEW, Critical. 5:19. Shares the зарахувати root with imputed_righteousness (Romans 4) but negated: sins not credited/charged. A specifically Western forensic-accounting category without a fully developed Orthodox/Greek Catholic parallel; must be explicitly taught.
Become Righteousness Of God
Approved rendering: ми стали праведністю Божою
Transliteration: my staly pravednistyu Bozhoyu
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement and Forensic Exchange
Original: γενώμεθα δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ
Category: Reconciliation with God
NEW, Critical. 5:21. Inherits the baseline’s full caution on праведність, виправдання, and зарахована праведність simultaneously — the letter’s densest concentration of forensic-exchange vocabulary. Must not be read as believers achieving righteousness through gradual moral transformation alone, without also teaching the credited, forensic sense ‘in Christ.’ Mandatory theologian review of every occurrence.
Made To Be Sin
Approved rendering: зробив Його жертвою за грiх
Transliteration: zrobyv Yoho zhertvoyu za hrikh
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement and Forensic Exchange
Rejected alternatives: зробив Його грішним (rejected — implies Christ became morally sinful)
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Reconciliation with God
NEW, Critical. 5:21. The heart of penal-substitutionary language in the letter. Must be explicitly framed as forensic/representative — Christ bearing sin’s judicial consequence — never as a moral corruption of his own character.
One Died For All
Approved rendering: один за всіх помер
Transliteration: odyn za vsikh pomer
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement and Forensic Exchange
Original: εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν
Category: Reconciliation with God
NEW, Critical. 5:14. A central atonement statement; must not be softened into a merely exemplary or inspirational death. The substitutionary sense should be stated explicitly rather than left to default toward a purely exemplary-death reading.
All Died In Christ
Approved rendering: отже всі померли
Transliteration: otzhe vsi pomerly
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement and Forensic Exchange
Original: οἱ πάντες ἀπέθανον
Category: Reconciliation with God
NEW, Critical. 5:14. Parallels the baseline’s Galatians entry ‘розп’ятий з Христом’ and inherits the identical East-West framing caution: teach as the existential/forensic outworking of Christ’s death credited to believers, not automatically an ontological theosis claim.
According To Flesh Evaluative
Approved rendering: за тілом / за людськими мірками
Transliteration: za tilom / za lyuds’kymy mirkamy
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: κατὰ σάρκα
Category: New Creation in Christ
NEW, Critical. 5:16. A third distinct sense of the σάρξ/тіло word-family (worldly evaluative standard), alongside the Galatians ethical sense and the neutral σῶμα-adjacent sense. Must be explicitly disambiguated on first occurrence so it does not merge with either prior sense.
Transformed
Approved rendering: перетворюємося (на подобу Христа)
Transliteration: peretvoryuyemosya (na podobu Khrysta)
Doctrine: Glory and Transformation into Christ’s Likeness
Original: μεταμορφούμεθα
Category: New Covenant versus Old
NEW, Critical. 3:18. Shares its Greek root with Христове Преображення (the Transfiguration feast), major in both Orthodox and Greek Catholic liturgical calendars. Must be explicitly distinguished: 3:18 describes ongoing transformation of every believer, distinct from Christ’s own singular Transfiguration event. Deliberately avoid any nominal form resembling Преображення.
Repentance
Approved rendering: покаяння
Transliteration: pokayannya
Doctrine: Godly Grief and Genuine Repentance
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, Critical. 7:9-10. The exact, established term for the Sacrament of Confession/Penance (Таїнство Покаяння) in the Orthodox and Greek Catholic traditions. Must be explicitly taught as the inward reorientation godly grief produces, prior to and distinct from any specific sacramental practice, without denying that sacrament’s legitimacy within its own tradition. Also carries a modern civic sense (public acknowledgment of collective wrongs) that must not substitute for Paul’s personal, relational sense.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: новий завіт
Transliteration: novyy zavit
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: New Covenant versus Old
NEW, Critical. 3:6. ‘Новий Завіт’ (capitalized) is also the standard Ukrainian title of the New Testament as a book. Paul contrasts covenantal modes of relating to God, not documents; recommend lowercase ‘новий завіт’ in exposition to visually distinguish from the capitalized book title, and state the distinction explicitly.
Weapons
Approved rendering: зброя
Transliteration: zbroya
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Weapons of the Spirit
Original: ὅπλα
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Critical. 10:4. Not abstract or historical in contemporary Ukraine — it names literal weapons shipments and battlefield equipment in daily news since 2022. Every occurrence requires explicit framing as a controlled metaphor for the battle of ideas, paired with pastoral sensitivity. Mandatory theologian review.
Wage War
Approved rendering: воювати
Transliteration: voyuvaty
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Weapons of the Spirit
Original: στρατεύομαι
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Critical. 10:3. Current, literal, daily-news vocabulary describing the actual war. Must be paired with explicit exposition of Paul’s disclaimer (‘not according to the flesh,’ 10:4).
Stronghold
Approved rendering: твердиня
Transliteration: tverdynya
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Weapons of the Spirit
Original: ὀχύρωμα
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Critical. 10:4. The exact, current term for actual battlefield fortifications in Ukraine’s war. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence to prevent trivializing real fortified cities or political misappropriation.
Demolition Of Strongholds
Approved rendering: руйнування твердинь
Transliteration: ruynuvannya tverdyn’
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Weapons of the Spirit
Original: καθαίρεσις ὀχυρωμάτων
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Critical compound. 10:4. Must be immediately and explicitly framed as targeting ideas/arguments, never persons, places, or literal structures.
Take Captive
Approved rendering: брати в полон
Transliteration: braty v polon
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Weapons of the Spirit
Original: αἰχμαλωτίζω
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Critical. 10:5. Полон names real, current prisoner-of-war captivity in Ukraine’s war — a lived reality for many readers’ families. Mandatory pastoral sensitivity and theologian review; the metaphor (thoughts, not persons, captive to Christ) must never be stated lightly.
Grace As Gift
Approved rendering: благодать / дар
Transliteration: blahodat’ / dar
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: χάρις
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
NEW, Critical sub-case of the baseline’s already-Critical благодать entry. 8:1, 6-7, 9, 19; 9:8, 14. Paul deliberately reuses χάρις for both God’s saving grace and the Macedonians’/Corinthians’ concrete generous giving — a wordplay ordinary Ukrainian благодать does not carry automatically. A flat благодать rendering throughout risks losing, rather than preserving, this rhetorical argument; must be surfaced explicitly in exposition at first occurrence (8:1).
Grace Is Sufficient
Approved rendering: Моєї благодаті достатньо для тебе
Transliteration: Moyeyi blahodati dostatn’o dlya tebe
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀρκεῖ ἡ χάρις μου
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW, Critical key pastoral verse. 12:9. Must be rendered with exact, memorable, cross-document-identical wording, per the same discipline the baseline requires for Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10. Given wartime readers’ urgent, repeated need for this promise, inconsistent renderings across materials would be pastorally and doctrinally costly.
Trinitarian Benediction
Approved rendering: благодать, любов і спілкування Святого Духа
Transliteration: blahodat’, lyubov i spilkuvannya Svyatoho Dukha
Doctrine: The Trinitarian Fellowship Benediction
Original: χάρις, ἀγάπη, κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: Trinitarian Fellowship Benediction
NEW, Critical fixed formula. 13:14. All three components are individually Critical or High-risk baseline terms; render identically wherever quoted across all lesson materials, following the baseline’s rule for fixed pastoral/liturgical formula consistency (parallel to Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, 10:9-10).
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Євангеліє
Transliteration: Yevanheliye
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: добра звістка (acceptable as an explanatory gloss only)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 Corinthians (2:12; 4:3-4; 11:4) Paul’s gospel is contested against a rival message preached by rivals, echoing Galatians’ another_gospel risk; must retain its authoritative, singular sense against opponents’ rival message.
Faith
Approved rendering: віра
Transliteration: vira
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: довіра, переконання
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 13:5 (self-examination: ‘test whether you are in the faith’) — must read as personal trust in Christ, not confessional-institutional identity.
Sin
Approved rendering: гріх
Transliteration: hrikh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: помилка, провина
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 5:19, 21; 11:7. In 5:21 applied uniquely and absolutely to Christ’s total sinlessness — see sinlessness_of_christ and made_to_be_sin below.
Love
Approved rendering: любов
Transliteration: lyubov
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Inherited from Galatians package, unchanged. Occurs 2:4, 8; 5:14; 6:6; 8:7-8, 24; 13:11, 13-14 (Trinitarian benediction). Must be defined as committed active good, not primarily feeling.
New Creation
Approved rendering: нове творіння
Transliteration: nove tvorinnya
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: новий початок (too weak; loses eschatological force)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: New Creation in Christ
Inherited from Galatians package (6:15), unchanged. Applied in 2 Corinthians 5:17 to the individual believer’s transformation rather than the circumcision controversy; must retain full eschatological force, not flatten into a ‘fresh start’ cliché.
Promise
Approved rendering: обітниця
Transliteration: obitnytsya
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: New Covenant versus Old
Inherited from Galatians package, unchanged. Occurs 1:20, paired with the ‘yes and no’ contrast (1:17-20) emphasizing God’s unwavering faithfulness against any accusation of Paul’s own inconsistency; also 7:1.
Yoke Of Slavery
Approved rendering: ярмо рабства
Transliteration: yarmo rabstva
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Inherited from Galatians package, unchanged. Referenced for lexical-field cross-awareness only: 2 Corinthians 6:14’s ‘unequally yoked’ (see unequally_yoked below) reuses the ярмо image with a distinct referent (a mismatched belief/unbelief partnership, not bondage to the Law) and must not be conflated with this entry.
Lord
Approved rendering: Господь
Transliteration: Hospod’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: хазяїн, владика (reserve for liturgical/poetic register only)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:2-3; 4:5; 10:17-18; 13:14. Paired with the baseline’s 5:11-equivalent phrase страх Господній (fear of the Lord) in 2 Corinthians 5:11; 7:1 — see fear_of_the_lord below.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Месія
Transliteration: Mesiya
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: рятівник світу (as a stand-alone substitute)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Христос (Christ) functions throughout 2 Corinthians as Jesus’ effective surname; the title’s Jewish messianic-fulfillment meaning should be re-surfaced in exposition where doctrinally relevant, consistent with the baseline’s caution.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: посол
Transliteration: posol
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Reconciliation with God
NEW, High. 5:20. Посол is the ordinary, live Ukrainian word for a state’s diplomatic ambassador, constant in current wartime news. This resonance is an asset (Paul’s image is itself diplomatic) but must not be flattened into, or overshadowed by, real-world political diplomacy readers will immediately associate with the word.
In Christ
Approved rendering: у Христі
Transliteration: u Khrysti
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Christian Identity in Christ
Extends the baseline’s Romans ‘christian_identity_in_christ’ doctrine into 2 Corinthians 5:17. Identity is grounded in union with Christ, not in any Ukrainian church jurisdiction or in national identity, however legitimate the latter is in the current context.
God Of This Age
Approved rendering: бог цього віку
Transliteration: boh ts’oho viku
Doctrine: Glory and Transformation into Christ’s Likeness
Original: θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
Category: New Covenant versus Old
NEW, High. 4:4. Satan’s usurped, temporary dominion, not a rival true deity. Lowercase ‘бог’ is doctrinally essential and must never be capitalized; Ukrainian capitalization is a visible doctrinal marker, giving this more weight than in English.
Temple Of Living God
Approved rendering: храм Бога Живого
Transliteration: khram Boha Zhyvoho
Doctrine: Purity and Separation in Ministry
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church as God’s People
NEW, High. 6:16. храм is the ordinary word for a physical church building across all three majority traditions; the baseline already rejects храм as a substitute for ‘church’ for this exact reason. Here Paul applies it metaphorically to believers corporately — this metaphorical, non-structural, non-jurisdictional sense must be made explicit.
Letter Written Code
Approved rendering: буква (закону)
Transliteration: bukva (zakonu)
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: γράμμα
Category: New Covenant versus Old
NEW, High. 3:6-7. Risks flattening into the modern secular idiom ‘буква закону’ vs. ‘дух закону’ (letter vs. spirit of the law); exposition must restore Paul’s specific covenantal-theological point (an entire mode of relating to God, not a legal loophole).
Comfort
Approved rendering: утіха
Transliteration: utikha
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παράκλησις / παρακαλέω
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, High. 1:3-7; 7:4, 6-7, 13. Shares its root with Утішитель, the established title for the Holy Spirit as Paraclete (John 14-16), a passage 2 Corinthians 1 does not invoke; must be glossed on first occurrence as God’s ordinary comforting activity toward the afflicted, distinct from that Trinitarian title. Register must be warm and pastoral, given acute current wartime need.
Affliction
Approved rendering: скорбота / страждання
Transliteration: skorbota / strazhdannya
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, High. 1:4, 8; 4:17; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2. Carries real, current weight for wartime readers; must neither minimize suffering by moralizing it too quickly toward its purpose, nor trivialize literal wartime affliction by over-spiritualizing.
Eternal Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: вічна вага слави
Transliteration: vichna vaha slavy
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, High. 4:17. Reuses слава’s baseline caution regarding ‘Слава Україні’ patriotic resonance; the divine referent must remain undiluted while affirming high pastoral relevance for wartime suffering.
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: судилище Христове
Transliteration: sudylyshche Khrystove
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, High. 5:10. Must be distinguished from condemnation-judgment; an evaluative reckoning for believers already justified, not a re-opening of the question of salvation.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: лжеапостоли
Transliteration: lzheapostoly
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: опоненти / критики (too weak; must not soften Paul’s counterfeit-apostle charge)
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, High. 11:13. Reuses the established productive лже- prefix pattern already familiar from лжебрати (Galatians TM baseline); must not be softened into merely ‘different-style’ teachers.
Reasonings
Approved rendering: думки
Transliteration: dumky
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Weapons of the Spirit
Original: λογισμοί
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, High. 10:4-5. The clarifying term keeping the target of Paul’s military metaphor visibly intellectual/ideological, essential to prevent the Critical weapons/stronghold vocabulary from being misread literally.
Obedience Of Christ
Approved rendering: покора Христу
Transliteration: pokora Khrystu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Weapons of the Spirit
Original: ὑπακοὴ τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, High. 10:5. The positive, constructive resolution completing the weapons/stronghold/captive metaphor complex.
Righteousness As Generosity
Approved rendering: праведність
Transliteration: pravednist’
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
NEW usage of the reused root. 9:9-10, citing Psalm 112. Righteousness expressed concretely as generous, righteous deeds toward the poor — a distinct-but-related nuance from the forensic sense Critical in 5:21; exposition should connect, not conflate, the two.
Weakness
Approved rendering: неміч
Transliteration: nemich
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW, High. This doctrine’s lexical anchor. 11:30; 12:5, 9-10; 13:4. Register split recommended per the baseline’s свобода/воля convention: неміч for Scripture citation, слабість acceptable in exposition. Ukraine’s wartime strength/resilience/‘незламність’ discourse risks domesticating Paul’s paradox (power displayed THROUGH, not despite or eventually overcoming, weakness) into ordinary resilience messaging; the paradox must be stated explicitly and left standing.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: апостол
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: посланець, проповідник
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Apostleship
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:1; 11:5, 13; 12:11-12, where Paul’s own genuine apostleship is defended against лжеапостоли (false apostles); this contested, defended usage should not be flattened into an uncontroversial title here.
Covenant
Approved rendering: завіт
Transliteration: zavit
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: договір, угода
Original: διαθήκη
Category: New Covenant versus Old
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 3:6, 14; the specific compound phrase ‘new covenant’ (καινὴ διαθήκη) is a distinct, Critical-risk entry — see new_covenant below.
Glory
Approved rendering: слава
Transliteration: slava
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: шана, велич
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:20; 3:7-18; 4:4, 6, 15, 17; 8:19, 23. Reuses the baseline’s caution regarding ‘Слава Україні’ patriotic resonance; the divine referent must remain undiluted, especially at 4:17 (eternal weight of glory).
Holy
Approved rendering: святий
Transliteration: svyatyy
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: чистий, непорочний
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root shared with святість (see holiness_hagiosyne below, 7:1) and 6:6’s ἁγνότης-adjacent purity vocabulary.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: воскресіння
Transliteration: voskresinnya
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: оживлення, реінкарнація
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 4:14; 5:15, here anchored personally as the ground of a reoriented life (‘for him who died and was raised for them’), not merely commemorated at Великдень.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ісус
Transliteration: Isus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Иисус (Russian spelling, never use)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:19; 4:5-14; 11:4.
Father
Approved rendering: Отець
Transliteration: Otets’
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: батюшка (reserve exclusively for addressing an Orthodox priest, and is itself a Russicism increasingly avoided)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root shared with 1:3’s ‘Father of mercies’ (see father_of_mercies below) and 13:14’s benediction.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: сила Божа
Transliteration: syla Bozha
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: енергія
Original: δύναμις
Category: Power in Weakness
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 12:9; 13:4, God’s power ‘made perfect’ precisely in human weakness. енергія remains forbidden given its specialized Palamite theological meaning.
World Kosmos
Approved rendering: світ
Transliteration: svit
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: мир (rejected — homograph collision with ‘peace,’ already flagged Critical-adjacent in the baseline)
Original: κόσμος
Category: Reconciliation with God
NEW, Medium. 5:19. The correct, unambiguous word for κόσμος; must never be confused with мир, the baseline’s flagged peace/world homograph carrying acute wartime political weight since 2022.
Godly Grief
Approved rendering: смуток за Богом
Transliteration: smutok za Bohom
Doctrine: Godly Grief and Genuine Repentance
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, Medium. 7:9-10. Sorrow that leads toward life and repentance; must be kept in visible contrast with worldly_grief below.
Worldly Grief
Approved rendering: смуток світу
Transliteration: smutok svitu
Doctrine: Godly Grief and Genuine Repentance
Original: λύπη τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, Medium. 7:10. Sorrow that leads only to death, without genuine repentance. світу here must not be confused with мир’s political-peace homograph risk.
Purity
Approved rendering: чистота
Transliteration: chystota
Doctrine: Purity and Separation in Ministry
Original: ἁγνότης
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
NEW, Medium. 6:6. Moral integrity of motive and conduct, not merely ritual/ceremonial purity.
Holiness Hagiosyne
Approved rendering: святість
Transliteration: svyatist’
Doctrine: Purity and Separation in Ministry
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
NEW, Medium. 7:1. Shares the established святий root; no new collision risk beyond the baseline’s existing caution that holiness is corporate and moral, not a mark of a venerated few.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: бути під нерівним ярмом
Transliteration: buty pid nerivnym yarmom
Doctrine: Purity and Separation in Ministry
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Church as God’s People
NEW, Medium. 6:14. Reuses the ярмо image already established in the Galatians baseline (ярмо рабства) but with a distinct referent (mismatched belief/unbelief partnership, not bondage to the Law); must not be conflated with that entry.
Ministry Diakonia
Approved rendering: служіння
Transliteration: sluzhinnya
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: διακονία
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
NEW, Medium. 3:6-9; 4:1; 6:3. Shares its root with діакон (the ordained deacon office); readers should not assume every occurrence refers to a formal church office rather than apostolic ministry generally, a distinction carrying added weight given the currently contested clerical-authority question across Ukraine’s three traditions.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: щирість
Transliteration: shchyrist’
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
NEW, Medium. 1:12; 2:17. Literally ‘judged in sunlight’; the doctrinal weight lies in Paul’s defense of his integrity against rivals’ accusations.
Commend Oneself
Approved rendering: рекомендувати себе
Transliteration: rekomenduvaty sebe
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνιστάνω
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
NEW, Medium. 3:1; 5:12. Must retain the polemical edge — Paul contrasts his own refusal of self-promotion with rivals’ practice — not read as neutral self-description.
Peddling The Word
Approved rendering: торгувати словом Божим
Transliteration: torhuvaty slovom Bozhym
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: καπηλεύω
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
NEW, Medium. 2:17. Must retain the force of a commercial-exploitation critique; risk of softening into a vague ‘misusing’ if the commercial connotation is lost.
Conscience
Approved rendering: совість
Transliteration: sovist’
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
NEW, Medium. 1:12; 4:2; 5:11. Paul appeals to the Corinthians’ own conscience to confirm his sincerity; keep the rhetorical appeal-function visible.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: страх Господній
Transliteration: strakh Hospodniy
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: φόβος Κυρίου
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
NEW, Medium. 5:11; 7:1. Reverent awe and covenantal accountability, not servile terror, consistent with the register the baseline establishes for Господь’s liturgical weight.
Boasting
Approved rendering: хвалитися
Transliteration: khvalytysya
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: καύχησις / καύχημα / καυχάομαι
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
NEW, Medium. Throughout chs. 10-12. Carries the same double-edged register in Ukrainian as in English; Paul’s ironic tone (esp. ch. 11) must be carried by exposition, not lost in flat literal rendering.
Veil
Approved rendering: покрив / завіса
Transliteration: pokryv / zavisa
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: New Covenant versus Old
NEW, Medium. 3:13-16. Moses’ literal veil and, metaphorically, the veil over unbelieving minds; requires the Exodus 34 narrative background to be supplied.
Tablets Of Stone Hearts Of Flesh
Approved rendering: кам’яні таблиці / серця з плоті
Transliteration: kam’yani tablytsi / sertsya z ploti
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: πλάκες λίθιναι / καρδίαι σάρκιναι
Category: New Covenant versus Old
NEW, Medium. 3:3, echoing Ezekiel. A positive, neutral use of ‘flesh’ (a living, responsive heart) — a fourth distinct sense of the σάρξ/тіло word-family, not to be confused with the Critical ethical sense (Galatians) or the evaluative sense (5:16).
Image Of Christ
Approved rendering: образ (Христовий / Божий)
Transliteration: obraz (Khrystovyy / Bozhyy)
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: εἰκών
Category: New Covenant versus Old
NEW, Medium. 3:18; 4:4. Offers a positive bridge to icon (ікона) theology shared across Orthodox and Greek Catholic traditions; must be distinguished from any false-god ‘image’ senses elsewhere in Scripture.
Father Of Mercies
Approved rendering: Отець милосердя
Transliteration: Otets’ myloserdya
Doctrine: God
Original: πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν
Category: God
NEW, Medium. 1:3. God’s inherently compassionate character, grounding the letter’s opening comfort theme; Отець retains its personal, relational baseline sense.
Satan
Approved rendering: Сатана
Transliteration: Satana
Doctrine: God
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: God
NEW, Medium. 2:11; 11:14; 12:7. Standard, shared term across all Ukrainian Christian traditions; care that references to Satan’s schemes are not conflated with post-Soviet folk-supernatural categories already flagged in the baseline.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: ангел світла
Transliteration: anhel svitla
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἄγγελος φωτός
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Medium. 11:14. Satan’s most dangerous disguise, apparent righteousness/spirituality; distinguish from genuine angelic appearances and from post-Soviet folk-supernatural categories.
Angel Of Satan
Approved rendering: ангел сатани
Transliteration: anhel satany
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW, Medium. 12:7. The agent/nature of Paul’s thorn-in-the-flesh affliction; read within Paul’s specific autobiographical context, not generalized into a broad theology of suffering’s cause.
Guarantee Arrabon
Approved rendering: запорука
Transliteration: zaporuka
Doctrine: The Spirit as Guarantee of Future Redemption
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, Medium. 1:22; 5:5. запорука is an ordinary commercial/legal term (e.g. a rental deposit); must retain the relational, personally-guaranteeing sense of God’s own pledge through the Spirit, not a stripped financial metaphor.
Endurance
Approved rendering: терпіння
Transliteration: terpinnya
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, Medium. 6:4. Carries high resonance for wartime perseverance; this resonance may be affirmed pastorally but should not eclipse the specifically Christ-centered, ministry-hardship endurance Paul describes.
Triumphal Procession
Approved rendering: тріумфальний похід
Transliteration: triumfal’nyy pokhid
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θρίαμβος
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, Medium. 2:14. A Roman military-parade image; Paul’s double-edged sense (glory and captive-display together) must not be flattened into simple triumphalism, a risk heightened by current wartime victory-parade imagery.
Examine Yourselves
Approved rendering: випробовувати себе
Transliteration: vyprobovuvaty sebe
Doctrine: Self-Examination and Apostolic Credibility
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Self-Examination and Apostolic Credibility
NEW, Medium. 13:5. Retain the metallurgical testing/proving nuance, not merely casual self-reflection.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: негідний іспиту
Transliteration: nehidnyy ispytu
Doctrine: Self-Examination and Apostolic Credibility
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Self-Examination and Apostolic Credibility
NEW, Medium. 13:5-7. Retain the full sobering force; avoid a euphemistic softening that would blunt Paul’s warning.
Deceitful Workers
Approved rendering: лукаві робітники
Transliteration: lukavi robitnyky
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἐργάται δόλιοι
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Medium. 11:13. Should retain the sense of calculated deceit, not mere incompetence or error.
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: “найвищі апостоли”
Transliteration: “nayvyshchi apostoly”
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Medium. 11:5; 12:11. Paul’s ironic label for rivals; sarcastic register must be carried by exposition, since a flat literal rendering risks reading as sincere praise.
Godly Jealousy
Approved rendering: ревність Божа
Transliteration: revnist’ Bozha
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ζῆλος θεοῦ
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Medium. 11:2. Paul’s protective concern for the Corinthians’ exclusive devotion to Christ; must be distinguished from ordinary jealousy/envy vocabulary.
Pure Virgin
Approved rendering: чиста діва
Transliteration: chysta diva
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: παρθένος ἁγνή
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Medium. 11:2. The church betrothed to Christ; requires the betrothal-custom background to be supplied.
Fellowship In Giving
Approved rendering: спілкування у служінні
Transliteration: spilkuvannya u sluzhinni
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
NEW, Medium. 8:4. Extends the baseline’s спілкування root to concrete material sharing between churches, an asset for framing generosity as fellowship, not mere charity.
Poverty
Approved rendering: бідність
Transliteration: bidnist’
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: πτωχεία
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
NEW, Medium. 8:2, 9. Retains both the Macedonians’ literal economic hardship and Christ’s own kenotic self-impoverishment, a Christological point requiring careful framing so as not to diminish his deity.
Generosity Simplicity
Approved rendering: щедрість
Transliteration: shchedrist’
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἁπλότης
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
NEW, Medium. 8:2; 9:11, 13. Must retain both the generosity and the purity-of-motive senses together.
Equality Fairness
Approved rendering: справедлива рівність
Transliteration: spravedlyva rivnist’
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
NEW, Medium. 8:13-14. Must stay anchored to Paul’s specific point about material mutual-sharing among churches in a particular historical circumstance, not broader contemporary ideological equality debates.
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: жало в тілі
Transliteration: zhalo v tili
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW, Medium. 12:7. Uses тіло in a bodily/physical-affliction sense, distinct from the Critical ethical-flesh sense; disambiguation on first occurrence is prudent given тіло’s overall Critical status.
Rest Upon Tabernacle
Approved rendering: оселитися на
Transliteration: oselytysya na
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἐπισκηνώσῃ
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW, Medium. 12:9. Christ’s power ‘tabernacling’ upon Paul in weakness; must retain the sense of active, resting presence, not a flattened generic ‘help.‘
Well Content
Approved rendering: я маю вподобання
Transliteration: ya mayu vpodobannya
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: εὐδοκῶ
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW, Medium. 12:10. Paul’s paradoxical contentment specifically in weaknesses, insults, hardships, for Christ’s sake; not a stoic or fatalistic resignation.
Signs Wonders Mighty Deeds
Approved rendering: знамення, чудеса й сили
Transliteration: znamennya, chudesa y syly
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα καὶ δυνάμεις
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW, Medium. 12:12. Marks confirming Paul’s genuine apostleship; distinguish from generic post-Soviet folk-supernatural or psychic phenomena already flagged in the baseline.
Revelation
Approved rendering: об’явлення
Transliteration: ob’yavlennya
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW, Medium. 12:1, 7. Must be distinguished from generic mystical or New Age ‘revelation’ claims; Paul frames this as God-given, involuntary, and mentioned only reluctantly.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: спілкування
Transliteration: spilkuvannya
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: дружба, колектив (avoid Soviet-collective connotation)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Christian Fellowship
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Extended in this letter to material sharing in the relief offering (8:4, see fellowship_in_giving) and to the closing Trinitarian formula (13:14); колектив must still never be used.
Exhort
Approved rendering: закликати
Transliteration: zaklykaty
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Context-sensitive: use благати/просити for beseeching (5:20; 6:1), закликати for edification/exhortation contexts (10:1).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: подяка
Transliteration: podyaka
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:11; 4:15; 9:11-12.
Amen
Approved rendering: амінь
Transliteration: amin’
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans/Galatians transliteration standards, unchanged. Occurs 1:20 as the confirming response to God’s promises ‘in Christ.‘
Letters Of Recommendation
Approved rendering: рекомендаційні листи
Transliteration: rekomendatsiyni lysty
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἐπιστολαὶ συστατικαί
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
NEW, Low. 3:1-3. Concrete referent; Paul needs none since the Corinthians’ transformed lives are his letter.
Belial
Approved rendering: Веліар
Transliteration: Veliar
Doctrine: God
Original: Βελίαρ
Category: God
NEW, Low. 6:15. A rare New Testament title/epithet for Satan; requires a brief explanatory gloss on first occurrence, following the same logic as the baseline’s Месія-pattern rare transliterated titles.
Seal
Approved rendering: запечатати
Transliteration: zapechataty
Doctrine: The Spirit as Guarantee of Future Redemption
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, Low. 1:22. God’s ownership-mark placed on believers through the Spirit.
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: скарб у глиняних посудинах
Transliteration: skarb u hlyanyanykh posudynakh
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, Low. 4:7. The gospel’s power held in fragile, unimpressive human ministers, so the power is recognized as God’s.
Earthly Tent
Approved rendering: шатро / оселя земна
Transliteration: shatro / oselya zemna
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: σκῆνος
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, Low. 5:1, 4. The present body as a temporary dwelling; neutral σῶμα-adjacent sense, distinct from тіло’s Critical ethical sense.
Fragrance Of Christ
Approved rendering: благоухання Христове
Transliteration: blahoukhannya Khrystove
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὀσμή / εὐωδία Χριστοῦ
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
NEW, Low. 2:14-16. Paul’s ministry, in success or apparent failure, as a fragrant offering to God.
Restoration
Approved rendering: вдосконалення
Transliteration: vdoskonalennya
Doctrine: Self-Examination and Apostolic Credibility
Original: κατάρτισις
Category: Self-Examination and Apostolic Credibility
NEW, Low. 13:9. Paul’s stated goal for his rebukes: the Corinthians’ full restoration, not condemnation.
Serpent Deceive
Approved rendering: змій / звабити
Transliteration: zmiy / zvabyty
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ὄφις / ἐξαπατάω
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Low. 11:3. Genesis 3 reference; requires the narrative background to be supplied.
Foolishness Boasting
Approved rendering: нерозумність
Transliteration: nerozumnist’
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἀφροσύνη
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Low. 11:1, 17, 21. Paul’s self-deprecating rhetorical frame, not a genuine admission of foolishness.
Measure Sphere
Approved rendering: визначена сфера служіння
Transliteration: vyznachena sfera sluzhinnya
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Weapons of the Spirit
Original: κανών
Category: Genuine versus False Apostleship
NEW, Low. 10:13. Paul’s God-assigned sphere of ministry influence, not self-appointed comparison with others.
Eagerness
Approved rendering: готовність
Transliteration: hotovnist’
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: προθυμία
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
NEW, Low. 8:11-12, 19. The Corinthians’ previously expressed willingness, which Paul now urges them to complete.
Sow Reap
Approved rendering: сіяти / жати
Transliteration: siyaty / zhaty
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
NEW, Low. 9:6. Agricultural metaphor for generous giving and its harvest of blessing.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: радісний давач
Transliteration: radisnyy davach
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: δότης ἱλαρός
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
NEW, Low. 9:7. God’s preferred manner of giving: free and joyful, not reluctant or compelled.
Abundance
Approved rendering: щедрість дару
Transliteration: shchedrist’ daru
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἁδρότης
Category: Generosity and Grace in Giving
NEW, Low. 8:20. The generous, bountiful character of the collection itself; compound rendering since no single Ukrainian noun carries both quantity and generosity senses.
Caught Up
Approved rendering: був підхоплений
Transliteration: buv pidkhoplenyy
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW, Low. 12:2, 4. Paul’s involuntary, God-given being carried up into the third heaven.
Third Heaven Paradise
Approved rendering: третє небо / рай
Transliteration: tretye nebo / ray
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: τρίτος οὐρανός / παράδεισος
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW, Low. 12:2, 4. Used interchangeably by Paul; not to be confused with any competing afterlife cosmology.
Referenced passages