Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Philippians
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans/Galatians Baseline
| Term (English) | Greek / Translit. | Ukrainian | Risk | Doctrine (Philippians) | Key refs. | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις / charis | благодать | Critical | Incarnation; Righteousness by Faith | 1:2, 1:7, 4:23 | REUSED |
| Faith | πίστις / pistis | віра | High | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 1:25, 1:27, 3:9 | REUSED |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | праведність | High/Critical | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 1:11, 3:6, 3:9 | REUSED |
| Salvation | σωτηρία / sōtēria | спасіння | Critical | Righteousness by Faith; Citizenship in Heaven | 1:19, 1:28, 2:12 | REUSED |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον / euangelion | Євангеліє | High | Partnership in the Gospel | 1:5, 1:12, 1:27, 4:3, 4:15 | REUSED |
| Peace | εἰρήνη / eirēnē | мир | High/Critical | Contentment; Unity | 1:2, 4:7, 4:9 | REUSED |
| Lord | κύριος / kyrios | Господь | Critical | Incarnation and Self-Emptying (exaltation climax) | 2:11, 2:19, 2:24, 2:29, 3:1, 3:8, 3:20, 4:1-5, 4:10 | REUSED |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous | Ісус | Critical | All doctrines | throughout | REUSED |
| God | θεός / theos | Бог | Critical | All doctrines | throughout | REUSED |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion (incl. bare πνεῦμα) | Святий Дух / Дух | Critical | Unity; Partnership | 1:19, 2:1 (bare) | REUSED — bare-pneuma rule from Galatians extension applies |
| Father | πατήρ / patēr | Отець | High | Incarnation (doxology) | 1:2, 2:11, 4:20 | REUSED |
| Saints | ἅγιοι / hagioi | святі | High | Unity and Humility in the Church | 1:1, 4:21-22 | REUSED |
| Love | ἀγάπη / agapē | любов | High | Unity and Humility | 1:9, 1:16, 2:1-2 | REUSED |
| Glory | δόξα / doxa | слава | High | Incarnation; closing doxology | 1:11, 2:11, 3:19, 3:21, 4:19-20 | REUSED |
| Fellowship / Partnership | κοινωνία / koinōnia | спілкування | Medium (elevated from baseline Low — see note) | Partnership in the Gospel | 1:5, 2:1, 3:10, 4:14-15 | REUSED, sense-extended |
| Calling | κλῆσις / klēsis | покликання | High | Pressing on toward the Goal | 3:14 | REUSED |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις / anastasis | воскресіння | Medium/Critical | Pressing on; Citizenship in Heaven | 3:10-11, 3:21 | REUSED |
| Circumcision | περιτομή / peritomē | обрізання | High | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 3:5 | REUSED |
| Flesh (ethical/status sense) | σάρξ / sarx | тіло | Critical | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 1:22, 1:24, 3:3-4 | REUSED |
| Crucified with Christ / cross | σταυρός / stauros | хрест | High (name-term); Critical doctrine context (inherited) | Incarnation and Self-Emptying | 2:8, 3:18 | REUSED |
| Adoption / children of God | τέκνα θεοῦ / tekna theou | діти Божі | High | Unity and Humility | 2:15 | REUSED |
| Obedience of faith | ὑπακοή / hypēkoos (adj. form) | послух (слухняність) | High | Incarnation and Self-Emptying | 2:8 | REUSED, extended to Christology |
B. New Terms Introduced by Philippians
| Term (English) | Greek / Translit. | Ukrainian | Risk | Doctrine | Key refs. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form of God | μορφὴ θεοῦ / morphē theou | подоба Божа | Critical | Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ | 2:6 | NEW. Use подоба, not образ, to avoid collision with Genesis image-of-God language and icon theology. |
| Grasped/exploited (harpagmos) | ἁρπαγμός / harpagmos | (verbal paraphrase; avoid unglossed “захват”) | Critical | Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ | 2:6 | NEW. захват has drifted in modern Ukrainian to mean “delight/thrill” — an unglossed use risks near-inverting Paul’s meaning. Mandatory gloss. |
| Emptied himself (kenosis) | ἐκένωσεν (κενόω) / ekenōsen (kenoō) | упокорив/принизив Себе (pending Ohienko verification) | Critical | Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ | 2:7 | NEW. The doctrine-naming term for kenosis. Must be taught as self-emptying of the exercise of divine privilege, never subtraction of deity. |
| Form of a servant / slave | μορφὴ δούλου / morphē doulou; δοῦλος / doulos | раб (форма раба) | Critical | Incarnation and Self-Emptying; Unity and Humility | 1:1, 2:7 | NEW. раб is lexically necessary (слуга too weak) but collides with acute current Ukrainian anti-slavery/anti-subjugation wartime rhetoric; requires explicit dignifying framing. |
| Likeness | ὁμοίωμα / homoiōma | подоба (людська) | Medium | Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ | 2:7 | NEW. Distinguish from μορφή θεοῦ’s подоба above — same Ukrainian gloss, two distinct Greek source words; flag for exposition. |
| Outward form/fashion | σχῆμα / schēma | постава / зовнішній вигляд | Medium | Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ | 2:8 | NEW. Third distinct form-word in the hymn; must not collapse into μορφή’s or ὁμοίωμα’s rendering. |
| Humbled himself | ἐταπείνωσεν (ταπεινόω) / etapeinōsen (tapeinoō) | упокорив Себе | Critical | Incarnation and Self-Emptying; Unity and Humility | 2:8 | NEW. Verb-form of ταπεινοφροσύνη; same ecclesiastical-authority and wartime-quietism collision risk. |
| Humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη / tapeinophrosynē | смиренність | Critical | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:3 | NEW. Collides with (1) Orthodox/Greek Catholic hierarchical-submission devotional sense and (2) wartime-quietism misreading. Must be framed as mutual, horizontal humility among believers, modeled on Christ (2:6-8), never political or ecclesiastical submission. |
| Highly exalted | ὑπερύψωσεν (ὑπερυψόω) / hyperypsoōsen | звеличив / вивищив над усе | Medium | Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ | 2:9 | NEW. Rare intensive compound; plain “exalted” under-translates. |
| Joy | χαρά, χαίρω / chara, chairō | радість, радіти | Critical | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | 1:4, 1:18, 1:25, 2:2, 2:17-18, 2:28-29, 3:1, 4:1, 4:4, 4:10 | NEW. Lexically simple; doctrinally maximal risk given the letter’s prison setting and the current wartime suffering of the target audience. Requires explicit, non-triumphalist, non-dismissive pastoral framing every occurrence. |
| Suffering (granted, not merely endured) | πάσχω, ἐχαρίσθη / paschō, echaristhē | страждати; дароване страждання | High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | 1:29-30 | NEW. Surfaces the χαρι-root connection between “suffering” and “grace/gift” — suffering for Christ as a granted privilege, requiring careful, non-glib presentation. |
| Bonds/chains | δεσμά / desma | кайдани, узи | High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment; Partnership in the Gospel | 1:7, 1:13-14, 1:17 | NEW. Acute resonance with current Ukrainian POWs/political prisoners; asset for pastoral application but must not replace Paul’s specific gospel-advance point (1:12-14). |
| Same mind / like-minded | φρονέω / phroneō | думати однаково, бути однодумними | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:2, 2:5, 3:15, 3:19, 4:2, 4:10 | NEW. Risk of sounding like enforced conformity (Soviet-collective echo); must denote Christ-shaped shared disposition amid genuine personal diversity. |
| Bishop/overseer | ἐπίσκοπος / episkopos | єпископ(и) | High | Unity and Humility in the Church | 1:1 | NEW. Contemporary OCU/UOC/UGCC episcopal-jurisdiction politics make this term live far beyond its plain NT descriptive sense; gloss to 1st-century congregational office. |
| Deacon | διάκονος / diakonos | диякон(и) | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 1:1 | NEW. Lower jurisdictional stakes than ἐπίσκοπος but still anchor to service-ministry, not any one tradition’s ordained structure. |
| Work out (your) salvation | κατεργάζεσθε τὴν σωτηρίαν / katergazesthe tēn sōtērian | працюйте над (виявленням) вашого спасіння | Critical | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law; Unity | 2:12 | NEW. Must be paired explicitly with 2:13 (God works in you) to prevent a works-righteousness misreading; parallels baseline grace-works discipline. |
| Rubbish / dung | σκύβαλα / skybala | сміття, погань | High | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 3:8 | NEW. Register risk (too polite vs. too crude) plus sensitivity risk (must not disparage Jewish heritage/Law as such — Paul’s own former credentials, reprioritized, not condemned). |
| Righteousness from Law / through faith [of/in] Christ | δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου / διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ | праведність із закону / через віру [в] Христа | Critical | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | 3:9 | NEW (extends baseline justification_by_faith and imputed_righteousness directly). πίστεως Χριστοῦ subjective/objective genitive ambiguity must be flagged, not silently resolved. |
| Conformed / same-form | σύμμορφος, μετασχηματίζω / symmorphos, metaschēmatizō | подібний до, уподібнений, перетворить | Critical | Pressing on toward the Goal; Citizenship in Heaven | 3:10, 3:21 | NEW. Theosis-adjacent collision, parallel to baseline crucified_with_christ; forensic-then-transformative order must be explicit. |
| Press on / pursue | διώκω / diōkō | гнатися, прямувати до мети | Medium | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 3:12, 3:14 | NEW. Must be framed as pursuit from a position already secured by Christ (3:12b), not merit-earning striving. |
| Mature / perfect | τέλειος / teleios | зрілий (not досконалий) | Medium | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 3:15 | NEW. досконалий risks a sinless-perfectionism misreading Paul himself immediately qualifies against (3:12-13). |
| Prize / goal, mark | βραβεῖον / σκοπός / brabeion / skopos | нагорода, мета | Medium | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 3:14 | NEW. Tie to покликання (baseline calling) — prize received via God’s call, not independently earned. |
| Citizenship / commonwealth | πολίτευμα, πολιτεύεσθε / politeuma, politeuomai | громадянство, вітчизна небесна | Critical | Citizenship in Heaven | 1:27, 3:20 | NEW. Highest-currency term in the letter for Ukrainian national/civic identity; must be taught as a superordinate, not competing or diminishing, identity relative to Ukrainian citizenship and national belonging. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| Savior | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Спаситель | Medium | Citizenship in Heaven | 3:20 | NEW. Standard, low-risk; part of the спасіння/salvation word-family. |
| Contentment / self-sufficiency | αὐτάρκεια, αὐτάρκης / autarkeia, autarkēs | задоволення (not самодостатність) | High | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4:11 | NEW. самодостатність would reimport the Stoic self-generated-sufficiency sense Paul deliberately redefines as Christ-sourced; pastoral care required given wartime hardship among readers. |
| I can do all things (through Christ who strengthens) | ἐνδυναμοῦντι / endynamounti | я можу все в Тому, Хто мене підсилює | High | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4:13 | NEW. Globally over-quoted as a decontextualized self-empowerment slogan; exposition must restore the contentment-in-want context (4:11-12). |
| Peace of God (guarding) | εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ, φρουρέω / eirēnē tou theou, phroureō | мир Божий, охоронятиме як вартовий | Critical | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4:7 | NEW (extends baseline peace_with_god Critical entry). Distinguish from readers’ urgent longing for the political/military мир (ceasefire) named by the same word. |
| Partnership of giving and receiving | κοινωνία δόσεως καὶ λήψεως / koinōnia doseōs kai lēpseōs | спілкування у давянні й прийманні (матеріальне партнерство) | High | Partnership in the Gospel | 4:15-16 | NEW. The clearest textual proof that κοινωνία in Philippians denotes real, material/financial partnership — must not be spiritualized into vague fellowship-feeling only. |
| Fragrant offering / acceptable sacrifice | ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, θυσία δεκτή / osmē euōdias, thysia dektē | приємні пахощі, жертва прийнятна | Medium | Partnership in the Gospel | 4:18 | NEW. OT sacrificial-offering imagery; clarify this commends generosity, not atoning merit. |
C. Proper Names (Standard Transliteration, Low Risk)
| Name | Greek | Ukrainian | Risk | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paul | Παῦλος / Paulos | Павло | Low | 1:1 |
| Timothy | Τιμόθεος / Timotheos | Тимофій | Low | 1:1, 2:19 |
| Epaphroditus | Ἐπαφρόδιτος / Epaphroditos | Епафродит | Low | 2:25, 4:18 |
| Euodia | Εὐοδία / Euodia | Еводія | Low | 4:2 |
| Syntyche | Συντύχη / Syntychē | Синтихія | Low | 4:2 |
| Clement | Κλήμης / Klēmēs | Клим/Климент | Low | 4:3 |
| Caesar | Καῖσαρ / Kaisar | Кесар | Low | 4:22 |
D. Chapters Producing No New Terms
None. Every chapter of Philippians (1-4) introduces at least one load-bearing new term or a significant new sense-extension of an existing baseline term, as documented in Section B above and in 07_semantic_analysis.md. This is noted explicitly per the full-book-coverage mandate, in place of any chapter-omission statement.
E. Risk Summary (Philippians-Specific)
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms, Section B) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 11 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 9 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 8 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 0 (new); proper names only | Automated review |
Total new Philippians terms for Phase 2 translation_memory.json ingestion: 28. All must be added with an incremented version number and, for every Critical and High term, an assigned theologian reviewer before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Cross-reference: see 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter argumentation behind every risk assignment in this glossary. This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json before any Phase 2 Philippians segment translation begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blahodat’
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: милість, талан, щастя
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Philippians 2:9’s ἐχαρίσατο (God graciously bestowed the name above every name) and 1:29’s ἐχαρίσθη (suffering itself ‘granted’) both share the χαρι- root with χάρις; exposition should surface this intertextual echo without teaching either occurrence as the baseline’s soteriological ‘apart from works’ grace doctrine, which remains anchored specifically to 3:9.
Justification
Approved rendering: виправдання
Transliteration: vypravdannya
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: прощення гріхів, оправдання (Russian-influenced spelling, avoid)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Philippians 3:9 uses δικαιοσύνη (righteousness), not δικαίωσις, but the underlying forensic-declaration doctrine is identical to the baseline’s justification doctrine (Galatians 2:16 parallel) and must be taught with the same discipline.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: зарахована праведність
Transliteration: zarakhovana pravednist’
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: заслужена праведність, дарована святість (too vague)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Directly relevant background category for Philippians 3:9’s ‘righteousness…through faith in Christ,’ extending the baseline’s Romans 4 / Galatians 2:16 treatment into this letter’s parallel statement.
Salvation
Approved rendering: спасіння
Transliteration: spasinnya
Doctrine: Sanctification and Progressive Obedience
Rejected alternatives: визволення, рятування (too generic, ‘rescue’)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Philippians 1:19 uses σωτηρία ambiguously between Paul’s personal deliverance from prison/trial and his eschatological salvation — flag, do not silently resolve. Philippians 2:12’s ‘work out your salvation’ carries acute works-righteousness misreading risk if separated from 2:13; see work_out_salvation entry.
Lord
Approved rendering: Господь
Transliteration: Hospod’
Doctrine: The Exaltation and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: хазяїн, владика (reserve for liturgical/poetic register only)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Philippians 2:9-11 supplies the christological ground for the baseline’s Romans 10:9 confession: the servant who emptied himself (2:7-8) is confessed with the supreme divine title. Exposition must tie the confession back to the self-emptying just narrated so it never sounds like a recited creed-line detached from personal force.
Spirit Bare Pneuma
Approved rendering: Дух
Transliteration: Dukh
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use lowercase/unqualified for the Holy Spirit)
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (Galatians extension) — reused exactly. Bare πνεῦμα occurs in Philippians at 1:19 (‘the help/supply of the Spirit’) and 2:1 (the Spirit as the shared ground of church unity), extending the identical Critical caution already established for Galatians 5:16-25. Must render Дух (capitalized) with mandatory first-occurrence gloss identifying the Holy Spirit; never дух lowercase, given the live wartime idiom ‘бойовий дух’ (fighting spirit/morale).
Flesh
Approved rendering: тіло
Transliteration: tilo
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: плоть (acceptable only in elevated/poetic register)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (Galatians extension) — reused exactly. Philippians 3:3-4’s sense (confidence in human religious/ethnic pedigree and Law-observance) must be taught as one aspect of the same underlying σάρξ category already flagged Critical for the Galatians 5 vice-list sense — self-reliant human nature apart from Christ — not treated as requiring a different Ukrainian word.
Crucified With Christ
Approved rendering: розп’ятий з Христом
Transliteration: rozpyatyy z Khrystom
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (Galatians extension) — reused exactly. хрест (2:8, 3:18) is long-established and low-risk lexically; the doctrinal weight in Philippians 2:8 is carried by the surrounding verbs (κενόω, ταπεινόω, ὑπήκοος), not by ‘cross’ itself. The theosis-adjacent collision already flagged for this baseline entry recurs sharply under conformed_to_christ (3:10, 21).
Church
Approved rendering: церква
Transliteration: tserkva
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Office
Rejected alternatives: храм, громада (acceptable for local congregation emphasis)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Not directly lexicalized as a standalone term in Philippians, but foundational background for 1:1’s ἐπίσκοπος/διάκονος office-language, which carries live contemporary OCU/UOC/UGCC jurisdictional freight; see bishop_overseer and deacon entries.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: освячення
Transliteration: osvyachennya
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: обоження (reserve for explicit theosis discussion only), очищення
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Background doctrine underlying Philippians’ σύμμορφος/μετασχηματίζω vocabulary (3:10, 21) and the 2:12-13 work-out-salvation unit; the baseline’s caution against collapsing this into ritual object-blessing (свячення паски) or theosis-only categories applies with full force. See conformed_to_christ and work_out_salvation entries.
Works Of The Law
Approved rendering: діла закону
Transliteration: dila zakonu
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: добрі справи (too broad, would read as morality generally)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (Galatians extension) — reused exactly. Directly relevant to Philippians 3:2-9’s rejection of confidence in Torah-boundary-marker credentials (circumcision, pedigree) as a basis of standing with God; must be taught as Paul’s specific target, not a blanket critique of obряд/Передання valued positively by the Orthodox and Greek Catholic traditions.
Freedom
Approved rendering: свобода (exposition) / воля (Scripture citation)
Transliteration: svoboda / volya
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (Galatians extension) — reused exactly. Not directly lexicalized in Philippians, but essential background contrast for δοῦλος (slave/bondservant) self-designation in 1:1 and 2:7: Christ’s and Paul’s voluntary embrace of ‘slave’ status must be understood against the same свобода/воля national-resonance backdrop already flagged Critical in the baseline, now inverted (voluntary lowliness, not coerced bondage).
Form Of God
Approved rendering: подоба Божа
Transliteration: podoba Bozha
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: образ Божий (forbidden — collides with Genesis 1:27 and icon theology)
Original: μορφὴ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:6, μορφὴ θεοῦ). Christ’s essential, pre-existent divine nature. The natural first-instinct rendering образ (everyday word for ‘image/likeness,’ also colloquially naming an icon) would collide directly with Genesis 1:27’s ‘образ Божий’ (derivative human image-bearing) and with icon theology’s devotional use of образ, blurring Christ’s unique essential divine form with a creaturely image-bearing status shared by all humans. Use подоба exclusively for μορφή θεοῦ; reserve образ for εἰκών-type texts elsewhere in the canon. Mandatory theologian review.
Harpagmos
Approved rendering: [mandatory paraphrase — never unglossed ‘захват’]: не вважав рівність Богові чимось, що слід використати для власної вигоди
Transliteration: harpagmos
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: захват (forbidden unglossed — modern Ukrainian drift to ‘delight/thrill’ risks inverting Paul’s meaning)
Original: ἁρπαγμός
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:6). Highest lexical-drift risk in the whole letter. A traditional захват-based rendering (‘не вважав за захват бути Богові рівним’) risks being heard by modern readers as ‘he did not find it delightful to be equal with God,’ nearly inverting Paul’s actual point — that Christ, already possessing divine equality, refused to exploit it. No single Ukrainian word solution exists; mandatory verbal paraphrase and mandatory human theologian review for every occurrence.
Kenosis
Approved rendering: упокорив/принизив Себе Самого (verb, running text); кеносис / самоумалення (doctrine name, teacher-facing analytical material only)
Transliteration: ekenōsen (kenoō)
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ἐκένωσεν (κενόω)
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:7, ἐκένωσεν). Christ’s voluntary self-emptying: setting aside the exercise and outward display of divine privilege and glory, not subtraction of any divine attribute. Ukrainian has no verb-pair cleanly separating κενόω (‘emptied’) from ταπεινόω (‘humbled,’ v.8); accept this lexical overlap and compensate entirely through exposition naming the two-stage movement. Мандатory theologian review for every doctrinal exposition; the transliterated doctrine name кеносис/самоумалення is appropriate only in teacher-facing analytical material, never in reader-facing Scripture exposition without the plain-language paraphrase alongside it.
Form Of A Servant
Approved rendering: форма раба
Transliteration: morphēn doulou
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: μορφὴν δούλου
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:7). Christ took on not just servant-like behavior but the actual essential status of a δοῦλος, deliberately paired with μορφῇ θεοῦ (2:6) to maximize the humiliation-to-glory contrast. See doulos entry for the specific Ukrainian risk carried by ‘slave’ itself.
Doulos
Approved rendering: раб
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: слуга (too weak — loses total-ownership, no-autonomy sense)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
NEW term (Philippians 1:1; 2:7). раб is lexically necessary (слуга is too weak) but carries exceptionally heavy, live current Ukrainian political weight: historical memory of кріпацтво (serfdom) and Soviet forced/Gulag labor, and the pervasive wartime rhetoric that Ukraine will not become ‘a slave’ or ‘colony’ of Russia — intensifying the baseline’s already-Critical yoke_of_slavery and freedom entries. Paul’s positive, celebratory use of ‘slave’ language for himself and for Christ risks sounding jarring or offensive without explicit framing that this is chosen, dignifying self-identification with Christ’s own voluntary lowliness, the opposite of coerced subjugation. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Humbled Himself
Approved rendering: упокорив Себе
Transliteration: etapeinōsen (tapeinoō)
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ἐταπείνωσεν (ταπεινόω)
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:8). The verb-form of ταπεινοφροσύνη (v.3) — Christ’s active, voluntary self-humbling is the pattern the church is commanded to imitate. Same ecclesiastical/wartime-quietism collision flagged for humility applies with full force, now attached to Christ’s own action: must be presented as the pattern for the church’s mutual humility (2:5), never as evidence that self-lowering under any and all circumstances — including submission to unjust aggression — is virtuous per se.
Humility
Approved rendering: смиренність
Transliteration: tapeinophrosynē
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: покірливість (use with the same caution)
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Church
NEW term (Philippians 2:3). CRITICAL for two distinct, grounded reasons: (1) смирення is already a celebrated core virtue of Ukrainian Orthodox and Greek Catholic monastic/ascetic spirituality (submission to God, elders, and Church authority within confession/spiritual-direction, centered on figures such as the elders of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra) — Paul’s mutual, horizontal sense among equals must be distinguished from this hierarchical-authority devotional sense. (2) In the current wartime context, смиренність/покірність risk being heard as counsel toward passivity or acceptance of subjugation, the same politically live register already flagged around свобода/воля and рабство. Must be explicitly framed as Christlike humility toward fellow believers, never political or ecclesiastical submission. Mandatory theologian review.
Confession Of Lordship
Approved rendering: визнає, що Господь Ісус Христос
Transliteration: exomologēsētai hoti kyrios Iēsous Christos
Doctrine: The Exaltation and Lordship of Christ
Original: ἐξομολογήσηται ὅτι κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:11), the same confessional act named in the baseline’s Romans 10:9. Must be kept verbatim-consistent with the baseline’s mandatory rendering ‘Ісус є Господь’ / ‘Господь Ісус Христос’ established for Romans 10:9, since this verse supplies its theological foundation. Cross-curriculum consistency required.
Work Out Salvation
Approved rendering: працюйте над (виявленням) вашого спасіння
Transliteration: katergazesthe tēn sōtērian
Doctrine: Sanctification and Progressive Obedience
Original: κατεργάζεσθε τὴν σωτηρίαν
Category: Salvation
NEW term (Philippians 2:12). To bring salvation, already sovereignly given, to visible completion in one’s conduct — not to produce or earn salvation from nothing. Grounded risk: read apart from 2:13’s immediately following ‘God who works [ἐνεργέω] in you,’ this reads exactly as it would in English — as believers procuring their own salvation by effort — directly contradicting the baseline’s Critical grace doctrine. Mandatory theologian review; must always be taught paired with 2:13.
Conformed To Christ
Approved rendering: подібний до Христа / уподібнений / перетворить
Transliteration: symmorphos / metaschēmatizō
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: σύμμορφος / μετασχηματίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW term (Philippians 3:10, 21). Being conformed to the pattern of Christ’s death and, eventually, his glorious resurrection body, sharing the μορφή root from the core kenosis hymn. Extends the theosis-adjacent collision already flagged Critical in the baseline for crucified_with_christ and sanctification: Orthodox/Greek Catholic readers may hear this through an обоження (theosis) lens of ontological transformation. This curriculum’s frame — union with Christ expressed relationally/morally, following from, not replacing, the forensic righteousness of 3:9 — must be stated explicitly. Mandatory theologian review.
Righteousness From Law Vs Faith
Approved rendering: праведність із закону / через віру в Христа
Transliteration: dikaiosynē ek nomou / dia pisteōs Christou
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου / διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW term (Philippians 3:9). Directly extends the baseline’s Critical justification_by_faith doctrine (Galatians 2:16). πίστεως Χριστοῦ’s disputed genitive (objective ‘faith in Christ’ vs. subjective ‘the faithfulness of Christ’) must be flagged for exposition rather than silently resolved. Mandatory theologian review, identical routing to the baseline’s Galatians 2:16 treatment.
Joy
Approved rendering: радість / радіти
Transliteration: chara / chairō
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: χαρά / χαίρω
Category: Faith
NEW term, the letter’s dominant refrain (~16 occurrences: 1:4, 18, 25; 2:2, 17-18, 28-29; 3:1; 4:1, 4, 10). Lexically simple and low-ambiguity, but doctrinally load-bearing at the highest tier: Paul writes from prison, under threat of death, about a church itself facing opposition. For a Ukrainian audience of chaplains, displaced persons, and soldiers, this joy-amid-real-suffering pairing is acutely current and easily mishandled — flattened into denial of suffering’s reality, or reduced to a promise that suffering will soon end. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence in exposition.
Citizenship
Approved rendering: громадянство; вітчизна небесна
Transliteration: politeuma / politeuomai
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: πολίτευμα / πολιτεύεσθε
Category: Kingdom
NEW term (Philippians 1:27, 3:20). Believers’ primary civic allegiance and homeland, located in heaven, from which they also await the Savior. Highest-currency doctrine term in the letter for present-day Ukrainian civic and national meaning — passports, mobilization, displacement, active defense of the homeland. Must be taught as a superordinate, not competing or diminishing, identity relative to legitimate Ukrainian civic and national belonging. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence.
Peace Of God Guarding
Approved rendering: мир Божий; охоронятиме, як вартовий
Transliteration: eirēnē tou theou / phroureō
Doctrine: Prayer and the Peace of God
Original: εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ / φρουρέω
Category: Salvation
NEW term (Philippians 4:6-7), extending the baseline peace doctrine to Critical for this specific phrase. The φρουρέω military-garrison metaphor is a genuine pastoral asset for a wartime readership, but must be taught as God’s inward, spiritual protection of the heart/mind, not a promise of literal physical safety from war. Since 2022, мир carries exceptionally heavy weight as the opposite of the ongoing war; the promised inward peace must be distinguished from, without dismissing, readers’ urgent longing for political/military мир (ceasefire).
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Євангеліє
Transliteration: Yevanheliye
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: добра звістка (acceptable as an explanatory gloss only)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. In Philippians the term is inseparable from κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον (1:5, the Philippians’ concrete financial partnership in gospel proclamation) and from 1:12-18, where Paul’s imprisonment itself becomes an occasion for the gospel’s advance.
Faith
Approved rendering: віра
Transliteration: vira
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: довіра, переконання
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Philippians 3:9’s διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ carries a genuinely disputed genitive (objective ‘faith in Christ’ vs. subjective ‘the faithfulness of Christ’); this curriculum follows the objective-genitive reading but the alternative must be flagged, not silently suppressed.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: праведність
Transliteration: pravednist’
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: справедливість, чесність
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Philippians uses δικαιοσύνη in two distinct senses: visible, Spirit-produced moral fruit (1:11, ‘fruit of righteousness’) and forensic right-standing contrasted with Law-righteousness (3:6, 3:9). This sense-shift must be flagged explicitly in exposition so the 1:11 fruit sense is not read back into the forensic argument of chapter 3, or vice versa.
Peace
Approved rendering: мир
Transliteration: myr
Doctrine: Prayer and the Peace of God
Rejected alternatives: спокій, затишшя
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Philippians 4:7’s εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ intensifies the baseline’s already-High caution: for readers living through the ongoing war, this promised inward peace must be distinguished from, without dismissing, the urgent longing for the political/military мир (ceasefire) the identical word also names in current usage. See peace_of_god_guarding entry for the elevated Critical treatment of this specific phrase.
Saints
Approved rendering: святі
Transliteration: svyati
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: праведники
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Address to ‘all the saints in Christ Jesus’ at Philippi (1:1) and the closing greeting to ‘every saint’ (4:21-22) must be rendered unmistakably corporate and inclusive of every believer, per the baseline’s established caution.
Love
Approved rendering: любов
Transliteration: lyubov
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (Galatians extension) — reused exactly. Must be framed as committed active good, distinct from the letter’s frequent affectionate address to ‘beloved’ believers (e.g. 4:1) so it does not collapse into sentiment only; paired with knowledge and discernment in Paul’s prayer (1:9).
Calling
Approved rendering: покликання
Transliteration: poklykannya
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: призначення
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — translation reused exactly, risk tier ELEVATED from baseline Medium to High for Philippians 3:14’s ‘upward call [κλῆσις] of God in Christ Jesus,’ which names the prize believers press toward. Must be taught as received in response to God’s sovereign call, not independently earned; tie explicitly to prize_goal entry.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: обрізання
Transliteration: obrizannya
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (Galatians extension) — reused exactly. Listed among Paul’s former grounds of confidence ‘in the flesh’ before he reprioritizes everything for Christ (Philippians 3:5); note Paul lists this credential with evident pride (3:5-6) before reprioritizing it, a distinction from disparagement that must remain clear in exposition.
Adoption
Approved rendering: усиновлення
Transliteration: usynovlennya
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: прийняття в сім’ю
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Extended in Philippians 2:15 via the related phrase τέκνα θεοῦ (children of God) — see children_of_god entry — reinforcing believers’ family status while living among ‘a crooked and perverse generation.’ Given the large number of Ukrainian children orphaned or displaced by the war, this carries the same acute emotional weight the baseline already flags.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: послух віри
Transliteration: poslukh viry
Doctrine: Sanctification and Progressive Obedience
Rejected alternatives: релігійний обов’язок, дотримання обрядів
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Extended into Christology in Philippians 2:8 (ὑπήκοος, Christ’s own voluntary obedience unto death) — see obedience_of_christ entry — raising this doctrine’s stakes by grounding the church’s obedience in Christ’s own pattern.
Yoke Of Slavery
Approved rendering: ярмо рабства
Transliteration: yarmo rabstva
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (Galatians extension) — reused exactly. Background contrast term for δοῦλος in Philippians; unlike Galatians 5:1’s negative use (bondage to be rejected), Philippians uses δοῦλος positively (Christ’s and Paul’s voluntary self-designation) — the contrast between coerced ярмо рабства and Christ’s chosen раб-status must be made explicit in exposition.
Obedience Of Christ
Approved rendering: слухняний (у послуху) аж до смерті
Transliteration: hypēkoos
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: покірний (avoid — risks re-invoking the submission-to-authority collision flagged under humility)
Original: ὑπήκοος
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:8). Christ’s voluntary, self-determined obedience to the Father unto death, extending the baseline’s obedience_of_faith doctrine into Christology. слухняний is the safer default, paired with explicit framing that this is Christ’s free obedience to the Father’s will, not imposed submission from an external power.
Name Above Every Name
Approved rendering: ім’я понад усяке ім’я
Transliteration: to onoma to hyper pan onoma
Doctrine: The Exaltation and Lordship of Christ
Original: τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:9). Most plausibly the divine name/title κύριος itself, confirmed in 2:11. Must be taught, not left as a bare label — this is the conferral of the supreme divine title/authority, connecting directly to the baseline’s Critical lord entry. Ukrainian ім’я alone under-communicates the Semitic/NT idiom in which ‘name’ stands for the bearer’s full identity and authority.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: діти Божі
Transliteration: tekna theou
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW term (Philippians 2:15). Extends the baseline’s High-risk adoption doctrine sensitivities: reinforces believers’ family status while acknowledging real ongoing difficulty in the surrounding culture — a pastoral pairing relevant to a wartime readership.
Rubbish Skybala
Approved rendering: сміття / погань
Transliteration: skybala
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: втрата (too mild — blunts the deliberate shock), any crude colloquial slang equivalent (breaches expected formal Bible register)
Original: σκύβαλα
Category: Salvation
NEW term (Philippians 3:8). Paul’s deliberately shocking assessment of everything he once counted as gain, now compared to knowing Christ. Two distinct grounded risks: (1) register — too polite under-translates, too crude breaches Bible register; (2) sensitivity — Paul disparages his OWN former confidence, not Jewish heritage or the Law as such (he lists his credentials with evident pride first, 3:5-6); given Ukraine’s history of antisemitic violence, this distinction must be made explicit.
Suffering Granted
Approved rendering: страждати; дароване страждання
Transliteration: paschō / echaristhē
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: πάσχω / ἐχαρίσθη
Category: Faith
NEW term (Philippians 1:29-30). Suffering ‘for the sake of Christ’ granted to believers as a gift, not merely endured — note the shared root with χάρις/χαρίζομαι. A genuinely countercultural claim requiring careful, non-glib presentation for a wartime-suffering audience.
Bonds Chains
Approved rendering: кайдани / узи
Transliteration: desma
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: δεσμά
Category: Faith
NEW term (Philippians 1:7, 13-14, 17). Literal imprisonment, repeatedly named as the occasion advancing rather than hindering the gospel. Carries genuine, acute current resonance for a Ukrainian readership that includes POWs, political prisoners, and their families; a pastoral asset that must not substitute a purely political-solidarity reading for Paul’s specific point (1:12-14).
Bishop Overseer
Approved rendering: єпископ(и)
Transliteration: episkopos
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Office
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
NEW term (Philippians 1:1). The contemporary Ukrainian church landscape (OCU/UOC/UGCC episcopal jurisdiction politics, already flagged Critical in the baseline church_as_gods_people doctrine) means ‘єпископ’ carries live institutional and political freight far beyond its plain NT-era descriptive sense. Recommend a glossing note anchoring the term to its 1st-century congregational sense rather than any contemporary jurisdiction’s hierarchy.
Fellowship Of Sufferings
Approved rendering: спілкування / співучасть у стражданнях
Transliteration: koinōnia pathēmatōn
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
NEW sense-specific entry (Philippians 3:10). A third distinct κοινωνία sense in this letter — participatory identification with Christ’s sufferings, not merely sympathetic feeling. Given the acute currency of suffering in the contemporary Ukrainian wartime context, this phrase carries genuine pastoral power that must be handled with the same care as the baseline’s assurance_of_salvation Critical note: participatory union with Christ’s sufferings, not a general claim that all suffering is redemptive or salvific in itself.
Partnership Giving Receiving
Approved rendering: спілкування у даванні й прийманні (матеріальне партнерство)
Transliteration: koinōnia doseōs kai lēpseōs
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: κοινωνία δόσεως καὶ λήψεως
Category: Church
NEW term (Philippians 4:15-16). Concrete, reciprocal financial/material exchange partnership — actual money, sent more than once, to support Paul’s ministry. The clearest textual proof that κοινωνία in Philippians regularly denotes real, material, financial partnership; must not be spiritualized into vague fellowship-feeling only.
Contentment
Approved rendering: задоволення
Transliteration: autarkeia / autarkēs
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: самодостатність (forbidden — reimports the Stoic self-generated sufficiency Paul redefines as Christ-sourced)
Original: αὐτάρκεια / αὐτάρκης
Category: Sanctification
NEW term (Philippians 4:11). Sufficiency sourced in Christ, not the self — Paul borrows a prized Stoic term and relocates its source from the self to Christ (v.13). Given widespread current wartime hardship, displacement, and material loss among the intended readership, teaching contentment in want requires real pastoral care not to sound like fatalistic resignation or suppression of legitimate grief.
Empowering Strength
Approved rendering: я можу все в Тому, Хто мене підсилює
Transliteration: endynamounti (endynamoō)
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Original: ἐνδυναμοῦντι (ἐνδυναμόω)
Category: Sanctification
NEW term (Philippians 4:13). Christ’s empowering strength enabling contentment in both want and plenty, properly read only within its immediate context (4:11-12). This verse has become, in global and Ukrainian popular culture alike, a free-floating self-empowerment slogan; exposition must explicitly restore the contentment-in-want context, never let it function as a decontextualized motivational maxim.
Medium Risk Terms
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ісус
Transliteration: Isus
Doctrine: The Exaltation and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Иисус (Russian spelling, never use)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. No new collision risk beyond the baseline’s; occurs throughout Philippians.
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Boh
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: Всевишній (acceptable poetic synonym only)
Original: θεός
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. No new collision risk beyond the baseline’s.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святий Дух
Transliteration: Svyatyy Dukh
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use alone), енергія
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. No new collision risk beyond the baseline’s and the bare-pneuma extension below.
Father
Approved rendering: Отець
Transliteration: Otets’
Doctrine: The Exaltation and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: батюшка (never use for God the Father)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Occurs in the letter’s opening greeting (1:2), the doxological climax of the kenosis hymn (‘to the glory of God the Father,’ 2:11), and the closing doxology (4:20).
Glory
Approved rendering: слава
Transliteration: slava
Doctrine: The Exaltation and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: шана, велич
Original: δόξα
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. The baseline’s caution that слава also opens the patriotic greeting ‘Слава Україні’ applies with special force at the hymn’s climax (2:11) and closing doxology (4:19-20). New internal collision within Philippians itself: δόξα (positive, divine, 2:11) versus κενοδοξία (‘empty glory/conceit,’ 2:3, negative human vice) must not be flattened into the same semantic space; see rivalry_vainglory entry.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: спілкування
Transliteration: spilkuvannya
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: дружба, колектив (avoid Soviet-collective connotation)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — translation reused exactly, but risk tier ELEVATED from baseline Low to Medium specifically for Philippians. In this letter κοινωνία is a load-bearing, multivalent doctrinal term occurring in at least four distinguishable senses (gospel-partnership 1:5; Spirit-fellowship 2:1; fellowship of Christ’s sufferings 3:10; financial partnership 4:14-16), not incidental vocabulary as in Romans. Спілкування alone risks under-communicating the concrete, costly partnership Paul has in view; exposition must name which sense is active at each occurrence. See koinonia_gospel_partnership, fellowship_of_sufferings, and partnership_giving_receiving for sense-specific new entries.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: воскресіння
Transliteration: voskresinnya
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: оживлення, реінкарнація
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Philippians 3:10-11 extends the doctrine to Paul’s own hoped-for future resurrection, patterned on Christ’s; 3:21 extends it to the believer’s future bodily transformation. See conformed_to_christ for the elevated Critical risk attaching specifically to the σύμμορφος/μετασχηματίζω vocabulary in these verses.
Law
Approved rendering: закон
Transliteration: zakon
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: правило, заповідь (reserve for individual commandments)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Background term for Philippians 3:5-9’s righteousness-from-Law contrast; no new Ukraine-specific risk beyond the baseline’s.
Apostle
Approved rendering: апостол
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Office
Rejected alternatives: посланець, проповідник
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — reused exactly. Notably, Philippians 1:1 has Paul and Timothy identify as δοῦλοι (‘slaves/servants’) rather than ‘apostles’ — a deliberate contrast with the Romans 1:1 and Galatians 1:1 openings, marking this letter’s distinctive humility register from its first line.
Likeness Homoioma
Approved rendering: подоба (людська)
Transliteration: homoiōma
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ὁμοίωμα
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:7). Genuine resemblance while remaining distinguishable — Christ came ‘in the likeness of men,’ fully human without collapsing his humanity and deity into one undifferentiated nature. Shares a plausible Ukrainian gloss (подоба) with μορφή θεοῦ (2:6) despite being a distinct Greek word; exposition must clarify these are two separate source words.
Outward Form Schema
Approved rendering: постава / зовнішній вигляд
Transliteration: schēma
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: σχῆμα
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:8). The third distinct form/appearance term in three verses (μορφή v.6, ὁμοίωμα v.7, σχῆμα v.8); must be rendered distinctly from подоба (used for both μορφή and ὁμοίωμα) so the deliberate three-term rhetorical progression (essential nature → genuine likeness → observable manner) is not flattened into one repeated Ukrainian word. Recommend a translator’s note on first occurrence.
Highly Exalted
Approved rendering: звеличив / вивищив над усе
Transliteration: hyperypsoō
Doctrine: The Exaltation and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: піднісв (plain ‘exalted’ — under-translates the rare intensive compound)
Original: ὑπερύψωσεν (ὑπερυψόω)
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:9). God’s response to Christ’s self-emptying and obedience: raising him to the highest possible position, a rare intensive compound occurring only here in the NT. A plain ‘exalted’ under-translates the Greek’s rhetorical superlative force.
Every Knee Shall Bow
Approved rendering: кожне колено вклониться
Transliteration: pan gony kampsē
Doctrine: The Exaltation and Lordship of Christ
Original: πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ
Category: Christology
NEW term (Philippians 2:10). Comprehensive, universal act of worship/submission owed to the exalted Christ, echoing Isaiah 45:23’s language for YHWH alone. Must preserve full unqualified universal scope per the baseline’s established rule for universality claims (Romans 3:23; 10:12-13). ‘Under the earth’ (підземні) should carry a brief gloss to avoid a folk-superstition reading.
Same Mind
Approved rendering: думати однаково / бути однодумними
Transliteration: phroneō
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: запрограмована згода (never — implies enforced conformity)
Original: φρονέω
Category: Church
NEW term, the letter’s second dominant refrain (2:2 x2, 2:5, 3:15, 3:19, 4:2, 4:10). Risk of sounding like enforced uniformity or groupthink — a serious concern given the baseline’s already-flagged caution about колектив (Soviet collective) associations under fellowship. Must be framed as Christ-shaped unity of disposition amid genuine diversity of persons (2:3-4; cf. Euodia and Syntyche, 4:2), never imposed conformity.
Comfort Encouragement
Approved rendering: заохота / утіха
Transliteration: paraklēsis
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
NEW term (Philippians 2:1). Mutual, Christ-grounded encouragement believers owe one another, the ground for the unity appeal that follows. Must read as relational encouragement ‘in Christ,’ not generic pep-talk or the secular self-help register common in modern Ukrainian motivational media.
Affection Compassion
Approved rendering: серце / милосердя
Transliteration: splagchna kai oiktirmoi
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: утроба (archaic literal ‘bowels’ gloss — sounds archaic/comic in modern register)
NEW term (Philippians 2:1). σπλάγχνα is a vivid, embodied Pauline idiom for the deepest seat of compassion; a heart-based Ukrainian rendering is standard but under-translates the visceral intensity. Flag for exposition to restore intensity.
Rivalry Vainglory
Approved rendering: суперництво / пуста слава
Transliteration: eritheia / kenodoxia
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: марнославство
NEW term (Philippians 2:3). κενοδοξία (empty glory) deliberately echoes κενός/κενόω (v.7’s kenosis verb) and δόξα (glory); exposition must make explicit that Christ empties himself of TRUE glory rather than grasping at EMPTY glory, so слава’s positive and negative senses within the same letter must not blur together.
Regard Others As More Important
Approved rendering: вважати інших вищими за себе
Transliteration: hēgeomai / hyperechō
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
NEW term (Philippians 2:3). A chosen act of the will (deliberately regarding others as surpassing oneself), not a feeling and not false self-deprecation contradicting the dignity Paul elsewhere affirms for every believer (e.g. adoption, 1:6).
Energeo God At Work
Approved rendering: діяти / працювати в
Transliteration: energeō
Doctrine: Sanctification and Progressive Obedience
NEW term (Philippians 2:13). God’s own effectual working IN believers, grounding v.12’s imperative — the theological safeguard against a works-righteousness misreading of work_out_salvation. Must be taught alongside 2:12 as its necessary theological complement.
Press On Pursue
Approved rendering: гнатися / прямувати до мети
Transliteration: diōkō
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: διώκω
Category: Sanctification
NEW term (Philippians 3:12, 14). The athletic-race metaphor for the whole Christian life. Must be explicitly framed as pursuit FROM a position of already having been laid hold of by Christ (3:12b), not merit-earning striving that would contradict the letter’s own righteousness-by-faith argument two verses earlier (3:9).
Mature Teleios
Approved rendering: зрілий
Transliteration: teleios
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: досконалий (forbidden — imports flawless/sinless-perfectionism reading Paul disclaims at 3:12-13)
Original: τέλειος
Category: Sanctification
NEW term (Philippians 3:15). Paul’s paradoxical self-description as both ‘not yet perfect’ (3:12) and among the ‘mature/perfect’ (3:15) — a maturity still in process, not static sinlessness.
Prize Goal
Approved rendering: нагорода / мета
Transliteration: brabeion / skopos
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: βραβεῖον / σκοπός
Category: Sanctification
NEW term (Philippians 3:14). The prize is not self-achieved merit but the ‘upward call [κλῆσις] of God in Christ Jesus.’ Tie explicitly to покликання (calling entry) — the prize is received in response to God’s call, not independently earned.
Knowledge Of Christ
Approved rendering: пізнання
Transliteration: gnōsis
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
NEW term (Philippians 3:8). Experiential, relational knowledge, not abstract information — the surpassing worth of knowing Christ personally, grounding Paul’s radical reprioritization. Distinguish from false-teacher ‘special knowledge’ claims addressed elsewhere in the NT (not a live risk in Philippians specifically).
Boldness Parrhesia
Approved rendering: сміливість / відвага
Transliteration: parrēsia
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
NEW term (Philippians 1:20). Frank, fearless, open speech/conduct — Paul’s hoped-for bold witness regardless of life or death outcome. Minor risk of a purely secular ‘confidence’ reading detached from its specifically gospel-witness content.
Deacon
Approved rendering: диякон(и)
Transliteration: diakonos
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Office
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church
NEW term (Philippians 1:1). Lower jurisdictional stakes than ἐπίσκοπος, but should still be anchored to service-ministry rather than assumed to map exactly onto any one tradition’s ordained-diaconate structure.
Koinonia Gospel Partnership
Approved rendering: спілкування (у поширенні Євангелія)
Transliteration: koinōnia eis to euangelion
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
NEW sense-specific entry (Philippians 1:5). The Philippians’ active, material, ongoing participation in Paul’s gospel ministry — financial support, prayer, sending Epaphroditus. Supplement generic спілкування with explicit financial/material-partnership language when teaching this verse; the doctrine’s concreteness is easily spiritualized away into vague fellowship-feeling.
Sacrificial Service Offering
Approved rendering: жертва; служіння; приємні пахощі
Transliteration: thysia / leitourgia / osmē euōdias
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: θυσία / λειτουργία / ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας
Category: Church
NEW term (Philippians 2:17, 2:30, 4:18). OT sacrificial-offering vocabulary applied to costly personal service and generosity. Well-understood across Ukrainian traditions (a genuine bridge asset); λειτουργία’s connection to ‘liturgy’ (літургія) should be flagged for exposition, with care that it is not read as referring to a formal liturgical rite specifically, nor as implying atoning merit rather than commended costly devotion.
Poured Out Libation
Approved rendering: вилитий (як жертва)
Transliteration: spendomai
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
NEW term (Philippians 2:17). Paul figuratively describes his possible martyrdom as a sacrificial libation poured out alongside the Philippians’ own service of faith. Ensure it is not read as implying Paul’s death itself atones for sin — it is an offering of devoted service, not a propitiatory sacrifice.
Savior
Approved rendering: Спаситель
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW term (Philippians 3:20). Standard, well-established term across all Ukrainian Christian traditions, part of the спасіння/salvation word-family; low lexical risk.
Think On These Things
Approved rendering: думати про / зважати на
Transliteration: logizomai
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
NEW term (Philippians 4:8). A call to sustained, deliberate mental focus on what is true, noble, right, pure, lovely, admirable. Flag the sense-distinction explicitly: this is NOT the forensic ‘credited to one’s account’ sense taught under imputed_righteousness — overlapping vocabulary from the same Greek verb family must not be blurred across the two distinct uses.
Enemies Of The Cross
Approved rendering: вороги хреста
Transliteration: echthros tou staurou
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
NEW term (Philippians 3:18). Paul’s grieved warning about those living contrary to the cross’s meaning. Care that ‘enemy’ language in a wartime context is not inadvertently read through a purely military/political enemy lens; this is moral-spiritual opposition to the gospel’s pattern of self-giving, not a political category.
True Companion Syzygos
Approved rendering: справжній товариш / Сизиг
Transliteration: syzygos
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
NEW term (Philippians 4:3). Genuinely ambiguous in the Greek text itself between a common-noun description (‘true companion/partner’) or the proper name ‘Syzygus’ — flag as an open exegetical question rather than resolving silently; low doctrinal stakes.
Low Risk Terms
Grumbling Disputing
Approved rendering: нарікання / суперечки
Transliteration: goggysmos / dialogismos
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
NEW term (Philippians 2:14). Echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling; the unity-in-humility theme (2:1-11) applied to everyday conduct.
Blameless
Approved rendering: безвинний
Transliteration: amemptos
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: непорочний (risks a ritual-purity overtone in some liturgical contexts)
NEW term (Philippians 2:15). The visible, public-facing moral character that flows from holy living.
Risking Life
Approved rendering: ризикуючи життям
Transliteration: parabouleuomai
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
NEW term (Philippians 2:30). Describes Epaphroditus’s near-fatal illness incurred in service to Paul and the church — commended, costly love in action.
Virtue Praiseworthy
Approved rendering: чеснота / похвала
Transliteration: aretē / epainos
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
NEW term (Philippians 4:8). Rare NT use of a classical-philosophical virtue term, broadening the moral vision beyond specifically ‘religious’ categories.
Riches Of God
Approved rendering: багатство
Transliteration: ploutos
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
NEW term (Philippians 4:19). God’s abundant supply for the Philippians’ needs, in response to their own generosity.
Paul
Approved rendering: Павло
Transliteration: Paulos
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: Παῦλος
Category: Proper Name
NEW to this book’s proper-name inventory (established Ohienko/baseline transliteration form). Philippians 1:1.
Timothy
Approved rendering: Тимофій
Transliteration: Timotheos
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: Τιμόθεος
Category: Proper Name
Established transliteration form. Philippians 1:1, 2:19.
Epaphroditus
Approved rendering: Епафродит
Transliteration: Epaphroditos
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: Ἐπαφρόδιτος
Category: Proper Name
Established transliteration form. Philippians 2:25-30, 4:18.
Euodia Syntyche
Approved rendering: Еводія / Синтихія
Transliteration: Euodia / Syntychē
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: Εὐοδία / Συντύχη
Category: Proper Name
Established transliteration forms. Philippians 4:2; named individuals whose personal conflict Paul directly addresses — resist softening the concreteness of the pastoral model.
Clement
Approved rendering: Клим / Климент
Transliteration: Klēmēs
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: Κλήμης
Category: Proper Name
Established transliteration form. Philippians 4:3.
Caesar Household
Approved rendering: дім/двір Кесаря
Transliteration: oikia Kaisaros
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: οἰκία Καίσαρος
Category: Proper Name
Historical-background note. Philippians 4:22. Minor risk of anachronistic political over-reading, easily avoided with a brief historical gloss.
Referenced passages