Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Jude (Ukrainian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of Jude (vv.1–25). Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json are marked [REUSED] and must be rendered exactly as recorded there; no alternative may be substituted. New terms introduced by Jude are marked [NEW]. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical/High/Medium/Low) and drive Phase 2 Step 17 review routing exactly as in the Romans/Galatians packages.
Reused Terms (from baseline translation_memory.json — enforce exactly)
| English Term | Greek | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Jude References | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | χάρις | благодать | Critical | 1:4 | Extended sense: grace turned into a pretext for license — must clarify this is grace’s misuse, not grace itself |
| faith | πίστις | віра | Critical (Jude-specific escalation) | 1:3, 1:20 | Sense-shift: “the faith” as defended apostolic doctrine (fides quae), not personal trust (fides qua) as in Romans |
| salvation | σωτηρία | спасіння | Critical | 1:3, 1:5, 1:23 | Anchor to Christ’s decisive work; do not let “common salvation” dissolve into vague shared religious identity |
| saints | ἅγιοι | святі | High | 1:3 | Corporate, inclusive of every believer, not a venerated minority |
| holy | ἅγιος | святий | Medium/High | 1:20 (“most holy faith”) | — |
| called | κλητός | покликаний | Medium | 1:1 | — |
| lord | κύριος | Господь | Critical | 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | — |
| love | ἀγάπη | любов | High | 1:2, 1:12, 1:21 | Must distinguish abstract love (v.2, v.21) from “love feasts” as a technical term (v.12) |
| peace | εἰρήνη | мир | High | 1:2 | Acute current wartime resonance (opposite of war); relational blessing, not ceasefire |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | апостол | Medium | 1:17 | — |
| sin (root) | ἁμαρτωλός | грішник | High (derivative of гріх) | 1:15 | Combined with ἀσεβεῖς — do not narrow to only “atrocity”-level wrongdoing |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Святий Дух | Critical | 1:20 | — |
| Spirit (bare pneuma) | πνεῦμα | Дух (capitalized, glossed) | Critical | 1:19 | Never render as lowercase/generic “spirit/mood”; distinguish from “не мають духу” = lost morale |
| flesh | σάρξ | тіло | Critical | 1:7, 1:8, 1:23 | Structural homograph with σῶμα (“body”); must disambiguate on first Jude occurrence independently of Galatians |
| glory | δόξα | слава | High | 1:8 (“glorious ones”), 1:24-25 (God’s own glory) | Two distinct senses within one letter — flag the shift explicitly; also carries baseline’s patriotic “Слава Україні” resonance caution |
| prophesy/prophecy | προφητεύω | пророкувати | Low | 1:14 | — |
| exhort/encourage | παρακαλέω | закликати | Low | 1:3 | — |
| Amen | ἀμήν | амінь | Low | 1:25 | Established transliteration |
New Terms Introduced by Jude
| English Term | Greek/Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Ukrainian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Jude Refs | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the faith once for all delivered | ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ … πίστει (hapax paradotheisē pistei) | “once-for-all handed-down faith” | раз дана (Scripture citation, per Ohienko) / одноразово передана (exposition) | CRITICAL | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3 | παραδίδωμι shares its root with Передання (Holy Tradition); Jude’s closed, non-additive deposit is in tension with the Orthodox/Greek Catholic ongoing tradition category — must be taught explicitly. Human theologian review mandatory. |
| contend (for the faith) | ἐπαγωνίζομαι (epagōnizomai) | “to struggle/fight upon/for” | боротися | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3 | Carries acute wartime military-struggle resonance (боротьба за Україну); must not collapse into a metaphor for the literal war |
| kept/preserved (divine keeping) | τηρέω (tēreō) | “to keep, guard, watch over” | берегти / зберегти (single consistent root across all occurrences) | HIGH | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24 (φυλάσσω, near-synonym) | The letter’s central recurring verb; ironic structure (angels judicially “kept,” believers graciously “kept”) destroyed if rendered with inconsistent Ukrainian verbs |
| ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια (asebēs/asebeia) | “without reverence [for God]“ | безбожний / безбожність | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4, 1:15 (x2), 1:18 | Active irreverence/rebellion, not generic wrongdoing; occurs with unusual density (6x) — the letter’s defining diagnostic category |
| Master/Sovereign | δεσπότης (despotēs) | “absolute master/owner” | Владика | CRITICAL | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4 | NEVER “деспот” (= modern Ukrainian “tyrant/dictator” — opposite connotation). Interpretive question (referent: Father or Christ?) requires theologian review |
| judgment (verdict) | κρίμα (krima) | “verdict, sentence” | осуд | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4 | Keep distinct from κρίσις (суд) for lexical consistency of judgment vocabulary |
| judgment (act of judging) | κρίσις (krisis) | “the act of judging” | суд | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:6, 1:9, 1:15 | See κρίμα note above |
| destroyed/perished | ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi) | “to bring to ruin, cause to perish” | погубив / знищив / загинули | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:5, 1:11 | Render consistently across occurrences |
| angel | ἄγγελος (angelos) | “messenger” | ангел | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Angels) | 1:6 | Requires brief background on the fall of angels for readers without continuous OT exposure |
| eternal chains | δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις (desmois aidiois) | “everlasting bonds” | вічні кайдани | Low | OT Warnings as Types (Angels) | 1:6 | — |
| gloom (netherworld darkness) | ζόφος (zophos) | “thick gloom” | морок | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Angels) | 1:6, 1:13 | Keep distinct from σκότος (тьма/темрява) — deliberately combined at v.13 |
| darkness (ordinary) | σκότος (skotos) | “darkness” | тьма / темрява | Low | — | 1:13 | See ζόφος note |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα (Sodoma kai Gomorra) | proper nouns | Содом і Гоморра | High | OT Warnings as Types (Sodom) | 1:7 | Acute contemporary Ukrainian political sensitivity (sexuality/“traditional values” debates); must not be leveraged politically in either direction. Theologian review required |
| strange flesh | σαρκὸς ἑτέρας (sarkos heteras) | “flesh of another kind” | інше тіло / чуже тіло | High | OT Warnings as Types (Sodom) | 1:7 | Genuine scholarly interpretive dispute (same-sex activity vs. human-angelic union); footnote both readings, do not silently resolve. Theologian review required |
| eternal fire | πυρὸς αἰωνίου (pyros aiōniou) | “eternal fire” | вічний огонь | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:7 | Recurs implicitly at 1:23’s rescue imagery |
| dominion/authority (angelic) | κυριότης (kyriotēs) | “lordship, ruling power” | влада | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:8 | Same Ukrainian word as ἐξουσία (1:25) — flag the double convergence explicitly; wartime “authority” vocabulary is acutely live |
| blaspheme | βλασφημέω (blasphēmeō) | “to revile, slander” | зневажати / хулити | Low | — | 1:8, 1:10 | — |
| archangel | ἀρχάγγελος (archangelos) | “chief angel” | архангел | Low | OT Warnings as Types (Angels) | 1:9 | — |
| devil | διάβολος (diabolos) | “slanderer” | диявол | Medium | — | 1:9 | Keep theological register sober; avoid post-Soviet folk-occult framing |
| Moses’ body / extrabiblical citation | Μωϋσέως σώματος (Mōyseōs sōmatos) | — | Мойсеєве тіло | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered (canon/inspiration) | 1:9 | Raises inspiration-of-Scripture/canon-boundary questions; Jude’s use ≠ canonization of the source. Theologian review required |
| Cain’s way / Balaam’s error / Korah’s rebellion | ὁδὸς Κάϊν / πλάνη Βαλαάμ / ἀντιλογία Κόρε | proper-noun typologies | дорога Каїнова / помилка Валаамова / бунт Кореїв | Medium | OT Warnings as Types | 1:11 | Requires supplied OT narrative background (Gen 4; Num 16, 22–24, 31:16) |
| love feasts | ἀγάπαι (agapai) | “communal fellowship meals” | вечері любові / бенкети любові | Medium | — | 1:12 | Distinguish from ἀγάπη as abstract virtue |
| shepherd themselves | ποιμαίνω (poimainō) | “to tend as a flock” | пасти себе | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:12 | Ironic self-serving reversal of legitimate pastoral care |
| fruitless | ἄκαρπος (akarpos) | “without fruit” | безплідний | Medium | — | 1:12 | Deliberate dark inversion of established плід Духа (fruit of the Spirit, Galatians baseline) |
| wandering stars | ἀστέρες πλανῆται (asteres planētai) | “wandering stars” | зорі блудячі | Low | — | 1:13 | — |
| Enoch’s prophecy (extrabiblical citation) | Ἑνώχ … προεφήτευσεν (1 Enoch 1:9) | — | Енох пророкував | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered (canon/inspiration) | 1:14-15 | Verbatim citation of a non-canonical text; requires explicit canon/inspiration framing. Theologian review required |
| desire/lust | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | “craving, longing” | пожадливість | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:16, 1:18 | Consistently negative in Jude; distinguish from neutral бажання |
| the last time(s) | ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου χρόνου (ep’ eschatou chronou) | “in the last time” | в останні часи | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:18 | The entire church age, not a claim specific to the present wartime moment |
| scoffer/mocker | ἐμπαίκτης (empaiktēs) | “mocker” | насмішник | Low | — | 1:18 | — |
| soulish/worldly (unregenerate) | ψυχικός (psychikos) | “natural, without the Spirit” | душевні (preferred) / тілесні (Ohienko, risk of compounding тіло collision) | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:19 | Ohienko’s тілесні compounds the σάρξ/σῶμα homograph risk; prefer душевні or explicit gloss |
| not having the Spirit | πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες | ”lacking the Spirit” | не мають Духа (Дух capitalized) | CRITICAL | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:19 | Must not be heard as “lost morale” (не мають духу, lowercase); describes the unregenerate state |
| build up (oneself) | ἐποικοδομέω (epoikodomeō) | “to build upon [a foundation]“ | будувати себе | Low | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:20 | Reflexive here, unlike baseline’s mutual-edification (others-directed) sense |
| keep yourselves | τηρέω (reflexive) | “keep/guard yourselves” | берегти себе | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:21 | Human-responsibility side of the letter’s keeping-motif; resolved by God’s ability to keep (1:24) — teach both together |
| mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | “compassionate mercy” | милість | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:2, 1:21, 1:22-23 (x2) | Distinct from благодать (grace); programmatic for the letter’s pastoral half |
| eternal life | ζωὴν αἰώνιον (zōēn aiōnion) | “unending life” | вічне життя | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:21 | Well-established; define as unending communion with God, not cyclical rebirth |
| waver/doubt | διακρίνομαι (diakrinomai) | “to be in inward dispute, waver” | вагатися | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:22 | Genuine doubt among believers, distinct from settled false teaching — keep pastorally distinct from ἀσεβεῖς |
| snatch from the fire | σῴζετε ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες | ”save, seizing out of the fire” | спасайте, витягаючи з огню | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:23 | Preserve full rescue-urgency; connects to v.7’s eternal-fire judgment imagery |
| fear (reverent) | φόβος (phobos) | “fear, reverent caution” | страх | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:23 | Disciplined self-protective carefulness, not terror; distinct from wartime-intensified “страх” register |
| garment stained by the flesh | χιτῶνα ἐσπιλωμένον (chitōna espilōmenon) | “tunic stained” | одежа, оскверненна від тіла | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:23 | Inherits тіло/σάρξ-σῶμα Critical caution; symbolic, requires exposition |
| guard/keep (final, divine) | φυλάσσω (phylassō) | “to guard, protect” | зберегти (same root as τηρέω) | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | Resolves 1:21’s imperative; the letter’s climactic keeping-statement |
| without stumbling | ἀπταίστους (aptaistous) | “not stumbling” (NT hapax) | від упадку / непохитними | Medium | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | — |
| present blameless before his glory | στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης … ἀμώμους | ”to set [you] before his glory, unblemished” | поставити перед Своєю славою непорочними | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | δόξα here = God’s own glory, distinct from 1:8’s “glorious ones” sense — flag the shift |
| blameless/unblemished | ἄμωμος (amōmos) | “without blemish” (sacrificial background) | непорочний | Medium | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | Eschatological completeness, not ritual-object purity (avoid освячення’s folk-blessing sense) |
| exultant joy | ἀγαλλίασις (agalliasis) | “great joy, exultation” | радість (велика) | Low | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:24 | — |
| Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | “Savior” | Спаситель | High | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Anchor to Christ’s concrete saving work, per baseline’s спасіння instruction |
| majesty | μεγαλωσύνη (megalōsynē) | “greatness” | величність | Low | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | — |
| might/power (doxological) | κράτος (kratos) | “sovereign strength” | сила | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Same Ukrainian word as baseline’s сила Божа (Rom 1:16); continuity is an asset here, unlike the енергія-collision risk flagged for Romans |
| authority | ἐξουσία (exousia) | “authority, jurisdiction” | влада | HIGH | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Same Ukrainian word as κυριότης (1:8) — double convergence, opposite valence (condemned vs. worshipped); theologian review required |
| age/eternity | αἰών (aiōn) | “age” | вік | Low | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | — |
| beloved (address) | ἀγαπητός (agapētos) | “beloved one” | улюблений / любий | Low | — | 1:3, 1:17, 1:20 | Reuses любов root |
| slave/servant (self-designation) | δοῦλος (doulos) | “bondservant” | раб | Low | — | 1:1 | Matches Ohienko’s Romans 1:1 precedent for Paul’s identical self-designation |
| brother | ἀδελφός (adelphos) | “brother” | брат | Low | — | 1:1 | — |
| grumbler / malcontent | γογγυστής / μεμψίμοιρος | ”grumbler / faultfinder” | ремствувач / незадоволений своєю долею | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:16 | Ohienko’s idiom uses “доля” in its ordinary secular sense — do not let this bleed into election/providence’s fatalism caution |
Risk Summary for Jude
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 20 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 17 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 15 | Automated review |
Notes for Phase 2:
- The single highest-density Critical-risk cluster in Jude is vv.3-4 (faith once delivered / Передання collision; grace-as-pretext; Владика vs. деспот) and vv.7-9 (Sodom/Gomorrah political sensitivity; strange flesh interpretive dispute; extrabiblical Moses/Enoch citations) — both clusters require mandatory theologian review before Phase 2 batch translation begins.
- The τηρέω/φυλάσσω keeping-motif (1:1, 6, 13, 21, 24) must use a single consistent Ukrainian root throughout; this is a structural, cross-verse consistency requirement, not a per-verse choice, and should be enforced the same way the baseline enforces consistent rendering of Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10 across documents.
- The влада double-convergence (κυριότης 1:8 / ἐξουσία 1:25) is a genuine translation-form gap requiring explicit exposition, not resolvable by term substitution — flag for every occurrence in Phase 2.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blahodat’
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: милість (reserved for ἔλεος/mercy in Jude — see mercy entry, not a synonym), талан, щастя
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:4 extends the baseline’s three-traditions Critical caution with a new required teaching point: the false teachers pervert grace into a pretext for licentiousness (μετατιθέντες εἰς ἀσέλγειαν) — this condemns grace’s misuse, not grace itself. Must not be allowed to reinforce the works-anxious suspicion of ‘grace as license’ already live across Ukraine’s Orthodox, Greek Catholic, and Protestant frameworks.
Faith
Approved rendering: віра
Transliteration: vira
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: довіра, переконання
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; baseline risk was High, ESCALATED to Critical for Jude 1:3 and 1:20, where ‘the faith’ shifts sense from personal trust in Christ (fides qua, the baseline’s Romans/Galatians sense) to the defended body of apostolic doctrine entrusted to the church (fides quae creditur). This sense-shift compounds the baseline’s existing caution that віра already tends toward confessional/institutional identity in ordinary Ukrainian usage. Must be explicitly glossed at every Jude occurrence of ‘the faith,’ distinct from the personal-trust sense used elsewhere in this curriculum family.
Salvation
Approved rendering: спасіння
Transliteration: spasinnya
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Rejected alternatives: визволення, рятування
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:3’s ‘our common salvation’ (κοινῆς σωτηρίας) must anchor to Christ’s decisive death-and-resurrection work per the baseline instruction, not soften into a vague sense of shared religious identity across Ukraine’s three traditions. Jude 1:5’s Exodus-type (‘the Lord…saved a people out of the land of Egypt’) must retain its concrete historical referent rather than dissolve into generic ‘God saves’ language, so the warning that follows (the same redeemed people later destroyed for unbelief) lands with full weight.
Lord
Approved rendering: Господь
Transliteration: Hospod’
Doctrine: Divine Authority versus Illegitimate Authority
Rejected alternatives: хазяїн, владика (reserved exclusively for δεσπότης at Jude 1:4 — see master_sovereign entry; do not use interchangeably)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Used seven times in Jude (1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25); risk is registerial as in the baseline — Господь’s heavy liturgical association can flatten Jude’s varied uses (contending, judging, rebuking, coming, showing mercy) into one undifferentiated liturgical title. Each context should retain its own distinct force.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святий Дух
Transliteration: Svyatyy Dukh
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use alone), енергія
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:20 (‘praying in the Holy Spirit’) carries the definite article, unlike 1:19’s bare πνεῦμα (see spirit_bare_pneuma / not_having_spirit entries), so there is no additional capitalization-gloss risk beyond the baseline’s standing caution against дух alone ever substituting for this term.
Spirit Bare Pneuma
Approved rendering: Дух
Transliteration: Dukh
Doctrine: Flesh, the Unspiritual Nature, and Ungoverned Desire
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use lowercase/unqualified for the Holy Spirit)
Inherited from Galatians package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:19’s negated construction πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες (‘not having the Spirit,’ see not_having_spirit entry) requires Дух capitalized with mandatory first-occurrence glossing, given the ever-present risk of readers hearing ‘не мають духу’ (lowercase) as the extremely common wartime idiom for lost morale or fighting spirit.
Flesh
Approved rendering: тіло
Transliteration: tilo
Doctrine: Flesh, the Unspiritual Nature, and Ungoverned Desire
Rejected alternatives: плоть (elevated/poetic register only, not the default expository term)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
Inherited from Galatians package (exact baseline term/risk). Used in Jude 1:7 (Sodom’s σαρκὸς ἑτέρας, see strange_flesh entry), 1:8 (defiling the flesh), and 1:23 (garment stained by the flesh, see garment_stained entry). Jude, unlike Galatians, supplies no adjacent ‘fruit of the Spirit’ passage to anchor the σάρξ/σῶμα disambiguation; it must be supplied independently on first occurrence in Jude, not assumed carried over from the Galatians portion of this curriculum family.
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Boh
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: Всевишній (poetic synonym only)
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:1 (‘God the Father’) and 1:25 (‘the only God, our Savior’) use this with no new sense beyond the baseline; 1:25’s exclusivity claim should be preserved at full force per the baseline’s universality-claim discipline.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ісус
Transliteration: Isus
Doctrine: Divine Authority versus Illegitimate Authority
Rejected alternatives: Иисус (Russian spelling, never use)
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Used throughout Jude (1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25) with no new sense beyond the baseline’s forbidden-substitution rule.
Faith Once Delivered
Approved rendering: раз дана (цитата) / одноразово передана (виклад)
Transliteration: raz dana / odnorazovo peredana
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: передана (bare, without qualification — risks equating this closed apostolic deposit with Передання/Holy Tradition as an ongoing, accretive category)
Original: ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ τοῖς ἁγίοις πίστει
Category: Scripture and Tradition
New CRITICAL term. Jude 1:3. παραδίδωμι shares its root with Передання (Holy Tradition), the living, continuously unfolding authoritative category held by both the Orthodox Church of Ukraine/Ukrainian Orthodox Church and the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. Jude’s ἅπαξ names a fixed, closed, non-additive apostolic deposit — in direct doctrinal tension with an ongoing-tradition framework. Follows Ohienko’s own precedent of avoiding a Передання-cognate verb in Scripture citation (‘раз дана’); exposition may use ‘одноразово передана.’ The tension must be taught explicitly, never left to pass unspoken. Human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence.
Master Sovereign
Approved rendering: Владика
Transliteration: Vladyka
Doctrine: Divine Authority versus Illegitimate Authority
Rejected alternatives: деспот (FORBIDDEN — modern Ukrainian means exclusively ‘tyrant/dictator,’ a devastating inversion of Christ’s benevolent, rightful sovereignty, especially loaded given Ukraine’s political vocabulary of denouncing tyranny — imperial, Soviet, and current), Абсолютний Володар (unnecessary novel paraphrase where an established, dignified term already exists)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
New CRITICAL term. δεσπότης, Jude 1:4. Владика carries appropriate dignity from its established use as a title of address for Orthodox and Greek Catholic bishops (Владико!), an asset here, not a collision. A separate interpretive question — whether δεσπότην and κύριον both name Christ (majority reading, this curriculum’s) or δεσπότην names the Father distinct from κύριον (a minority reading loosely reflected in Ohienko’s phrasing) — requires mandatory human theologian review and must be stated explicitly in exposition, never left ambiguous.
Not Having Spirit
Approved rendering: не мають Духа
Transliteration: ne mayut’ Dukha
Doctrine: Flesh, the Unspiritual Nature, and Ungoverned Desire
Rejected alternatives: не мають духу (lowercase — FORBIDDEN; reads as the extremely common wartime idiom for lost morale/fighting spirit, not the unregenerate state Jude describes)
Original: πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες
Category: God
New CRITICAL term. πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες, Jude 1:19. Extends the baseline’s already-Critical Galatians caution on bare πνεῦμα. Every occurrence must render Дух capitalized and explicitly glossed as the Holy Spirit’s absence in the unregenerate — not a temporary loss of morale or resolve, a distinction worth stating plainly given how naturally the lowercase idiom could be heard otherwise.
High Risk Terms
Saints
Approved rendering: святі
Transliteration: svyati
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: праведники
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:3 (‘the faith…delivered to the saints’) must read as the whole corporate believing community, not a canonized venerated minority, exactly per the baseline’s existing caution.
Holy
Approved rendering: святий
Transliteration: svyatyy
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: чистий, непорочний (reserved for ἄμωμος/blameless, Jude 1:24 — see blameless entry)
Original: ἅγιος (ἁγιωτάτῃ … πίστει)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; baseline risk was Medium, elevated to High for Jude 1:20’s superlative construction ‘most holy faith’ (ἁγιωτάτῃ … πίστει), which compounds святий with the Critical faith-once-delivered sense of πίστις. Must be taught together with the faith entry above, not treated as a separate, lower-stakes phrase.
Called
Approved rendering: покликаний
Transliteration: poklykanyy
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: запрошений
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; baseline risk Medium, elevated to High in this letter as it stands in the salutation’s tight triadic description of believers (1:1: ‘called, beloved…, kept’), directly adjacent to the letter’s central keeping-motif. No new sense-shift beyond the baseline’s existing caution about доля/фатум and secular ‘vocation’ language.
Love
Approved rendering: любов
Transliteration: lyubov
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
Inherited from Galatians package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:2 and 1:21 use this in its abstract-virtue sense (God’s love in which believers are commanded to keep themselves); must be explicitly distinguished from the technical term ἀγάπαι (‘love feasts,’ Jude 1:12 — see love_feasts entry) so that ‘your love-feasts’ is not misheard as an abstract statement about the church’s love rather than a concrete communal-meal practice.
Peace
Approved rendering: мир
Transliteration: myr
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: спокій, затишшя
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:2’s triadic greeting (‘mercy, peace, and love be multiplied’) concentrates мир’s acute wartime resonance (the opposite of the ongoing war since 2022) alongside милість and любов in a single verse — an unusually dense concentration of the baseline’s caution. Мир here names God’s relational blessing on the reader, not a ceasefire, but its current political weight will inevitably be heard and should not be treated as incidental.
Sin
Approved rendering: гріх
Transliteration: hrikh
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: помилка, провина
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:15’s грішники (sinners, derivative of гріх) combines with безбожні (ungodly, see ungodly entry) at the final judgment; must retain both the personal-moral (грішники) and stance-of-rebellion (безбожні) senses together, not collapse into one generic ‘bad people’ term.
Glory
Approved rendering: слава
Transliteration: slava
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: шана, велич (reserved for μεγαλωσύνη/majesty, Jude 1:25 — see majesty entry)
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude uses this word in two distinct senses within one short letter: 1:8’s plural δόξας (‘glorious ones,’ likely angelic beings reviled by the false teachers) and 1:24-25’s singular reference to God’s own radiant glory. This internal sense-shift must be flagged explicitly on first occurrence of each sense, in addition to the baseline’s standing ‘Слава Україні’ patriotic-resonance caution.
Contend For The Faith
Approved rendering: боротися
Transliteration: borotysya
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: змагатися (too weak, loses combative force), обстоювати (too mild, sounds like polite argumentation rather than struggle)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζομαι
Category: Faith
New term. Jude 1:3 (ἐπαγωνίζομαι). Carries acute, immediate wartime military-struggle resonance (‘боротьба за Україну,’ live daily idiom since 2022). Genuine pastoral asset (defending the faith as a real, costly struggle) but must not be allowed to collapse Jude’s doctrinal-defense argument into a metaphor for the literal war, nor the reverse. Requires explicit framing, paralleling the baseline’s existing caution on свобода/воля in Galatians 5.
Kept Preserved
Approved rendering: берегти / зберегти
Transliteration: berehty / zberehty
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: тримати, охороняти, пильнувати (all rejected as inconsistent-root alternatives that would silently destroy the letter’s deliberate ironic wordplay if mixed with the chosen root)
Original: τηρέω
Category: Sanctification
New HIGH-risk structural term. τηρέω, the letter’s single most important recurring verb (1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21; echoed by φυλάσσω at 1:24 — see guard_final). Must be rendered with one consistent Ukrainian root across every occurrence: the same verb describes angels judicially kept in chains (1:6) and believers graciously kept for Christ (1:1, 1:21). A translation using unrelated Ukrainian verbs in different places would destroy this wordplay and, with it, the letter’s argument that being ‘kept’ is a status under both warning and promise. Equivalent in force to the baseline’s mandate for identical rendering of Romans 8:28/10:9-10 across documents.
Guard Final
Approved rendering: зберегти
Transliteration: zberehty
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: охороняти (distinct root; would break continuity with the τηρέω rendering)
Original: φυλάσσω
Category: Sanctification
New term. φυλάσσω, Jude 1:24, the letter’s climactic closing affirmation that God himself is able to keep believers secure. Must use the identical root as kept_preserved above, not a distinct synonym, so the doxology’s declaration of divine ability is heard as answering — not merely echoing — 1:21’s imperative to ‘keep yourselves.‘
Keep Yourselves
Approved rendering: берегти себе
Transliteration: berehty sebe
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρήσατε ἑαυτούς
Category: Sanctification
New term. Jude 1:21 imperative. Creates a genuine theological tension with 1:24’s declaration that God keeps believers, requiring explicit teaching that this is Jude’s own synergy of divine preservation and human responsibility, not a contradiction. A careless rendering risks either a self-effort-only reading (works-anxiety, a live risk given the baseline’s caution about praxis-only readings of Christian life in the majority liturgical traditions) or an assurance-without-responsibility reading; neither may be resolved by word choice alone.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: безбожний / безбожність
Transliteration: bezbozhnyy / bezbozhnist’
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
New term. ἀσεβής/ἀσέβεια, occurring six times in Jude — an unusually dense concentration for so short a letter, and the letter’s defining diagnostic category. Names active irreverence and rebellion against God’s authority as a fundamental orientation, not an isolated act (distinct from гріх). Must be taught as a category that can, and here does, describe false teachers arising from within the professing church (‘crept in unnoticed,’ 1:4) — the opposite drift-risk from the baseline’s wartime caution that гріх risks narrowing to mean only an external aggressor’s atrocities.
Sinners
Approved rendering: грішники безбожні
Transliteration: hrishnyky bezbozhni
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀσεβεῖς
Category: Sin
New compound term. Jude 1:15 (ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀσεβεῖς). Combines грішники (see sin entry) with безбожні (see ungodly entry); must retain both the personal-moral and stance-of-rebellion senses together, not collapse into one generic term for ‘bad people.‘
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: Содом і Гоморра
Transliteration: Sodom i Homorra
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Covenant
New HIGH-risk term. Fixed transliteration from the Ohienko tradition; Jude 1:7, the third of three OT warning-types. Carries acute contemporary political weight in Ukraine independent of the biblical text: ‘Sodom’ functions as a live rhetorical touchstone in current public debate over sexuality, ‘traditional values,’ and EU/Western cultural alignment. Must be presented strictly within its own historical/canonical frame (one item in a three-part typology) and never leveraged, explicitly or by suggestive phrasing, toward either side of this live Ukrainian political debate. Human theologian review required.
Strange Flesh
Approved rendering: інше тіло / чуже тіло
Transliteration: inshe tilo / chuzhe tilo
Doctrine: Flesh, the Unspiritual Nature, and Ungoverned Desire
Original: σαρκὸς ἑτέρας
Category: Sin
New HIGH-risk term. σαρκὸς ἑτέρας, Jude 1:7. Genuinely debated among commentators (same-sex sexual activity, paralleling Genesis 19, vs. human pursuit of union with angelic/non-human beings, echoing Genesis 6 and the angels’ warning-type of 1:6). Either Ukrainian rendering is lexically defensible; the interpretive choice must be stated explicitly in exposition, footnoting both readings, never silently resolved. Compounded by the standing тіло/σάρξ-σῶμα Critical caution. Human theologian review required.
Dominion Authority
Approved rendering: влада
Transliteration: vlada
Doctrine: Divine Authority versus Illegitimate Authority
Original: κυριότης
Category: Spiritual Beings
New HIGH-risk term. κυριότης, Jude 1:8, likely angelic order/authority structures disparaged by the false teachers. Влада is, per the baseline’s own opening framing note, among the most acutely live, politically contested vocabulary items in wartime Ukraine (government legitimacy, martial law, church-state relations, contested OCU/UOC/UGCC jurisdiction claims). This verse’s target is angelic/spiritual authority, not civil government (contrast Romans 13’s влада); exposition must distinguish the two explicitly. Also converges with ἐξουσία at Jude 1:25 — see authority entry for the resulting double-convergence caution, opposite in valence.
Moses Body Citation
Approved rendering: Мойсеєве тіло
Transliteration: Moyseyeve tilo
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Boundaries of Canon
Original: Μωϋσέως σώματος
Category: Scripture and Tradition
New HIGH-risk term. Jude 1:9’s allusion to the extrabiblical Assumption of Moses tradition (Michael’s dispute with the devil over Moses’ body). Raises genuine inspiration-of-Scripture and canon questions given Ukraine’s three living traditions’ differing canon boundaries; must teach explicitly that Jude’s inspired use of a non-canonical source does not thereby canonize that source. Human theologian review required.
Enoch Prophecy
Approved rendering: Енох пророкував
Transliteration: Enokh prorokuvav
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Boundaries of Canon
Original: Ἑνὼχ … προεφήτευσεν (cf. 1 Enoch 1:9)
Category: Scripture and Tradition
New HIGH-risk term. Jude 1:14-15, a verbatim quotation from the non-canonical Book of 1 Enoch (1:9), formally introduced with the formula ‘prophesied.’ Outside every mainstream Ukrainian church’s canon (Orthodox, Greek Catholic, and Protestant alike). Requires the same explicit canon/inspiration framing as moses_body_citation above: Jude’s inspired use of a source does not canonize that source. Human theologian review mandatory.
Soulish Worldly
Approved rendering: душевні (перевага) / тілесні (Огієнко)
Transliteration: dushevni / tilesni
Doctrine: Flesh, the Unspiritual Nature, and Ungoverned Desire
Rejected alternatives: тілесні (Ohienko’s own choice — permitted for direct Scripture-citation register only, with explicit flagging, since it compounds the тіло/σάρξ-σῶμα homograph risk by funneling a third, unrelated Greek root, ψυχή, into the same тіло word family)
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Sin
New HIGH-risk term. ψυχικός, Jude 1:19, ‘natural, without the Spirit,’ contrasted with πνευματικός. Prefer душевні (from душа, ‘soul’) or a plain gloss over Ohienko’s тілесні to avoid a triple collision between σάρξ, σῶμα, and ψυχή all funneling into тіло-family vocabulary.
Mercy
Approved rendering: милість
Transliteration: mylist’
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: благодать (never treat as a synonym — see grace entry; милість names God’s compassionate response to weakness/wavering, благодать names the wider unmerited-favor basis of salvation)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New HIGH-risk core term for this letter. ἔλεος, Jude 1:2, 1:21, 1:22-23 (x2) — programmatic for the letter’s pastoral half, opening the greeting and governing the closing exhortation. ‘Lord, have mercy’ (Господи, помилуй) is among the most repeated liturgical phrases across OCU, UOC, and UGCC congregations, making this an unusually well-primed, positively-loaded term — a genuine asset. Must be kept lexically and conceptually distinct from благодать throughout.
Waver Doubt
Approved rendering: вагатися
Transliteration: vahatysya
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρίνομαι
Category: Faith
New HIGH-risk core term. διακρίνομαι, Jude 1:22, genuine doubt/instability among believers exposed to the false teachers’ influence — a pastorally distinct category from the ἀσεβεῖς condemned throughout the letter. This distinction must be explicit so mercy toward the wavering is never confused with, or read as extending toward, tolerance of the false teachers.
Snatch From Fire
Approved rendering: спасайте, витягаючи з огню
Transliteration: spasayte, vytyahayuchy z ohnyu
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: допоможіть їм (too gentle, loses the emergency-rescue urgency)
Original: σῴζετε ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Salvation
New term. σῴζετε ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες, Jude 1:23, reusing the Critical спасіння root. Must preserve full rescue-urgency and connect explicitly to 1:7’s eternal-fire judgment imagery (see eternal_fire entry).
Garment Stained
Approved rendering: одежа, осквернена від тіла
Transliteration: odezha, oskvernena vid tila
Doctrine: Flesh, the Unspiritual Nature, and Ungoverned Desire
Original: τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα
Category: Sin
New HIGH-risk term. τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα, Jude 1:23. Symbolic image for moral contamination requiring careful, almost fastidious avoidance even while extending mercy. Inherits the standing тіло/σάρξ-σῶμα Critical caution; requires exposition rather than a bare literal reading.
Present Blameless
Approved rendering: поставити перед Своєю славою непорочними
Transliteration: postavyty pered Svoyeyu slavoyu neporochnymy
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ … ἀμώμους
Category: Sanctification
New HIGH-risk term. στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ … ἀμώμους, Jude 1:24. Reuses слава in its ordinary sense of God’s own radiant glory, which must be explicitly distinguished from 1:8’s separate sense (‘glorious ones,’ likely angelic beings — see glory and dominion_authority entries).
Savior
Approved rendering: Спаситель
Transliteration: Spasytel’
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
New HIGH-risk term. σωτήρ, Jude 1:25, built on the baseline’s Critical спасіння root. Must be anchored, per the baseline’s existing instruction for спасіння generally, to the concrete, decisive saving work of Christ’s death and resurrection, not left to default unqualified into any one tradition’s fuller soteriological system.
Authority
Approved rendering: влада
Transliteration: vlada
Doctrine: Divine Authority versus Illegitimate Authority
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: God
New HIGH-risk term. ἐξουσία, Jude 1:25, ascribed to God in worship. Converges with κυριότης (dominion_authority, Jude 1:8) in identical Ukrainian vocabulary of OPPOSITE valence — one occurrence condemned (1:8), the other worshipped (1:25) — a genuine translation-form gap requiring explicit exposition at both occurrences, not resolvable by word choice alone. Human theologian review required for every occurrence of either term.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: апостол
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: посланець, проповідник
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:17 recalls ‘the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ’ with no new sense beyond the baseline.
Father
Approved rendering: Отець
Transliteration: Otets’
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: батюшка (never use for God the Father)
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:1 (‘beloved in God the Father’) uses this with no new sense beyond the baseline.
Judgment Verdict
Approved rendering: осуд
Transliteration: osud
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίμα
Category: Judgment
New term. κρίμα, Jude 1:4, a specific judicial verdict/sentence, distinct in nuance from κρίσις (the act of judging — see judgment_act). Keep lexically distinct throughout the letter to preserve Jude’s repeated, structured judgment vocabulary rather than incidental synonymy.
Judgment Act
Approved rendering: суд
Transliteration: sud
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίσις
Category: Judgment
New term. κρίσις, Jude 1:6, 1:9, 1:15, the act/process of judging. Keep lexically distinct from κρίμα (осуд, see judgment_verdict entry) across all three occurrences.
Destroyed Perished
Approved rendering: погубив / знищив
Transliteration: pohubyv / znyshchyv
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Judgment
New term. ἀπόλλυμι, used of unbelieving Israel (1:5) and those who perished in Korah’s rebellion (1:11). Should be rendered consistently across both occurrences to preserve the letter’s recurring judgment-outcome vocabulary as a unified thread.
Angel
Approved rendering: ангел
Transliteration: anhel
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Spiritual Beings
New term. Jude 1:6, the second of three OT warning-types (Israel, angels, Sodom). Requires brief supplied background on the fall of angels (echoing Genesis 6 and Second Temple tradition) for readers whose primary Bible exposure is liturgical-lectionary excerpts rather than continuous Old Testament narrative.
Gloom Darkness
Approved rendering: морок
Transliteration: morok
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ζόφος
Category: Judgment
New term. ζόφος, Jude 1:6, 1:13, thick netherworld gloom. Must be kept lexically distinct from σκότος (ordinary darkness, see ordinary_darkness entry) so the deliberately stacked, intensifying phrase at 1:13 (ζόφος τοῦ σκότους) is not flattened into one generic darkness word.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: вічний огонь
Transliteration: vichnyy ohon’
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: πυρὸς αἰωνίου
Category: Judgment
New term. πυρὸς αἰωνίου, Jude 1:7, echoed at 1:23’s rescue imagery (‘snatching them out of the fire’ — see snatch_from_fire entry). Should be rendered consistently across both occurrences to preserve the letter’s unified judgment-and-rescue imagery.
Devil
Approved rendering: диявол
Transliteration: dyyavol
Doctrine: Divine Authority versus Illegitimate Authority
Rejected alternatives: злий дух (avoid — risks post-Soviet folk-occult drift already flagged for other spiritual-power vocabulary in the baseline)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Beings
New term. διάβολος, Jude 1:9. Correct, unambiguous, no folk-occult drift itself, but surrounding exposition should keep the register theological and sober rather than superstitious.
Cain Balaam Korah
Approved rendering: дорога Каїнова / помилка Валаамова / бунт Кореїв
Transliteration: doroha Kayinova / pomylka Valaamova / bunt Koreyiv
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ὁδὸς Κάϊν / πλάνη Βαλαάμ / ἀντιλογία Κόρε
Category: Covenant
New term. Jude 1:11, three compressed OT typological allusions (Genesis 4; Numbers 16, 22-24, 31:16). Requires supplied Old Testament narrative background for readers whose primary Scripture exposure is liturgical-lectionary excerpts, parallel to the baseline’s existing caution on Davidic/Abrahamic covenant background.
Love Feasts
Approved rendering: вечері любові / бенкети любові
Transliteration: vechery lyubovi / benkety lyubovi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
New term. ἀγάπαι, Jude 1:12, the early church’s communal fellowship meals — a technical term distinct from ἀγάπη as abstract virtue (see love entry). Must be explicitly distinguished so ‘your love-feasts’ is not misheard as a statement about the church’s love rather than a concrete meal practice the false teachers exploited.
Shepherd Themselves
Approved rendering: пасти себе
Transliteration: pasty sebe
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ποιμαίνω (ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες)
Category: Church
New term. ποιμαίνω, Jude 1:12, used ironically of false teachers who shepherd only themselves — a reversal of legitimate pastoral care. Must be framed as an indictment of self-serving false leadership specifically, not a general critique of pastoral ministry or church office.
Fruitless
Approved rendering: безплідний
Transliteration: bezplidnyy
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἄκαρπος
Category: Sanctification
New term. ἄκαρπος, Jude 1:12, describing the false teachers as barren autumn trees. Sits in deliberate contrast with the baseline’s established Galatians term плід Духа (fruit of the Spirit); should be cross-referenced explicitly in exposition as its dark inversion.
Desire Lust
Approved rendering: пожадливість
Transliteration: pozhadlyvist’
Doctrine: Flesh, the Unspiritual Nature, and Ungoverned Desire
Rejected alternatives: бажання (too neutral, loses the consistently negative moral coloring Jude gives this word)
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
New term. ἐπιθυμία, Jude 1:16, 1:18, consistently negative in Jude’s usage (‘their own desires/lusts’). Should be connected in exposition to the baseline’s Galatians flesh/Spirit contrast as the corresponding category of self-directed, ungoverned desire.
Last Times
Approved rendering: в останні часи
Transliteration: v ostanni chasy
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου [τοῦ] χρόνου
Category: Eschatology
New term. ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου χρόνου, Jude 1:18, the standard apostolic eschatological formula for the entire church age. Should not be presented as a novel or newly urgent claim specific to the present moment — a live temptation in a wartime context already saturated with apocalyptic-feeling public discourse.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: вічне життя
Transliteration: vichne zhyttya
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ζωὴν αἰώνιον
Category: Eschatology
New term. ζωὴν αἰώνιον, Jude 1:21. Well-established across all Ukrainian Christian traditions; define precisely as unending communion with God, consistent with the baseline’s caution under resurrection against any confusion with cyclical/reincarnation-adjacent categories.
Fear Reverent
Approved rendering: страх
Transliteration: strakh
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: богобоязливість (archaic-sounding; acceptable only as an explanatory gloss, not a substitute)
Original: φόβος
Category: Sanctification
New term. φόβος, Jude 1:23, a disciplined self-protective spiritual carefulness, not terror. Must be distinguished from both ordinary secular fear/anxiety and страх’s intensified everyday wartime salience.
Without Stumbling
Approved rendering: від упадку / непохитними
Transliteration: vid upadku / nepokhytnymy
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἀπταίστους
Category: Sanctification
New term. ἀπταίστους, Jude 1:24, a New Testament hapax legomenon. Should be connected explicitly in exposition to the letter’s larger keeping-motif (see kept_preserved and guard_final entries).
Blameless
Approved rendering: непорочний
Transliteration: neporochnyy
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Sanctification
New term. ἄμωμος, Jude 1:24, sacrificial-cultic background applied to believers’ final glorified state. Should not be confused with the everyday folk-religious sense of ritual object-purity already flagged as Critical for the baseline’s освячення (sanctification) — this is eschatological, forensic-and-transformative completeness.
Might Power
Approved rendering: сила
Transliteration: syla
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: енергія (avoid Palamite-technical collision, consistent with the baseline’s power_of_god instruction for Romans 1:16)
Original: κράτος
Category: God
New term. κράτος, Jude 1:25. Same Ukrainian word as the baseline’s established сила Божа (power_of_god, Romans 1:16); in this doxological, non-soteriological context the collision risk is lower, and cross-curriculum continuity is itself an asset.
Grumbler Malcontent
Approved rendering: ремствувач / незадоволений своєю долею
Transliteration: remstvuvach / nezadovolenyy svoyeyu doleyu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: γογγυστής / μεμψίμοιρος
Category: Sin
New term. γογγυστής/μεμψίμοιρος, Jude 1:16. Ohienko’s idiom uses доля in its ordinary secular sense of one’s circumstances in life (acceptable here since the false teachers themselves are being described as fatalistically grumbling); exposition must not let this idiom bleed into the letter’s own theology of purposive divine keeping (1:24-25) — the baseline’s standing caution that доля/фатум must never substitute for personal divine agency applies to the letter’s own theological claims, not to this character description of the false teachers.
Low Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: пророцтво / пророкувати
Transliteration: prorotstvo / prorokuvaty
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Boundaries of Canon
Rejected alternatives: ворожіння, гороскоп
Original: προφητεύω
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:14’s ‘Enoch prophesied’ uses the verb form itself with no new lexical risk beyond the baseline; see the enoch_prophecy entry for the elevated canon-related risk attached specifically to the content and source being prophesied, not the verb.
Exhort
Approved rendering: закликати
Transliteration: zaklykaty
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: παρακαλέω / παρακαλῶν
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline term/risk). Jude 1:3’s παρακαλῶν functions as earnest exhortation, consistent with the baseline’s context-sensitive entreaty/encouragement range.
Eternal Chains
Approved rendering: вічні кайдани
Transliteration: vichni kaydany
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις
Category: Judgment
New term. δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις, Jude 1:6. Lexically unambiguous; no significant Ukraine-specific risk.
Ordinary Darkness
Approved rendering: тьма / темрява
Transliteration: t’ma / temryava
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: σκότος
Category: Judgment
New term. σκότος, combined with ζόφος at Jude 1:13 to form an intensifying stacked phrase. Must remain distinct from морок per that entry’s note.
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: зневажати / хулити
Transliteration: znevazhaty / khulyty
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Sin
New term. βλασφημέω, Jude 1:8, 1:10, to revile/slander the ‘glorious ones’ or angelic authority. Lexically unambiguous.
Archangel
Approved rendering: архангел
Transliteration: arkhanhel
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Spiritual Beings
New term. ἀρχάγγελος, Jude 1:9, Michael’s title. Well-established, uncontested term.
Wandering Stars
Approved rendering: зорі блудячі
Transliteration: zori bludyachi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Judgment
New term. ἀστέρες πλανῆται, Jude 1:13, heavenly lights offering no fixed guidance — an image for the false teachers’ unreliability. Lexically clear.
Scoffer
Approved rendering: насмішник
Transliteration: nasmishnyk
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐμπαίκτης
Category: Sin
New term. ἐμπαίκτης, Jude 1:18. Lexically clear.
Build Up Self
Approved rendering: будувати себе
Transliteration: buduvaty sebe
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἐποικοδομέω
Category: Sanctification
New term. ἐποικοδομέω, Jude 1:20, reflexive (building up oneself, not others, unlike the baseline’s mutual_edification doctrine). Ground of the personal spiritual formation that precedes the mercy shown to others in 1:22-23.
Exultant Joy
Approved rendering: радість (велика)
Transliteration: radist’ (velyka)
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀγαλλίασις
Category: Worship
New term. ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει, Jude 1:24, a stronger, more exuberant term than ordinary χαρά. Low ambiguity risk.
Majesty
Approved rendering: величність
Transliteration: velychnist’
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: God
New term. μεγαλωσύνη, Jude 1:25. Lexically unambiguous.
Age Eternity
Approved rendering: вік
Transliteration: vik
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: αἰών
Category: Eschatology
New term. αἰών, Jude 1:25. Lexically unambiguous.
Amen
Approved rendering: амінь
Transliteration: amin’
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Worship
New TM entry (referenced in the baseline’s 12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration standards but not previously a standalone TM record). Jude 1:25’s closing амінь follows this same established transliteration.
Slave Servant
Approved rendering: раб
Transliteration: rab
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
New term. δοῦλος, Jude 1:1, Jude’s self-designation, matching Paul’s identical self-designation at Romans 1:1 per the Ohienko-tradition rendering, for cross-curriculum consistency.
Brother
Approved rendering: брат
Transliteration: brat
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Church
New term. ἀδελφός, Jude 1:1, Jude identifies himself as brother of James. Lexically unambiguous.
Beloved
Approved rendering: улюблені / любі
Transliteration: ulyublenі / lyubi
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Faith
New term. ἀγαπητός, Jude 1:1, 1:3, 1:17, 1:20, Jude’s term of pastoral address, reusing the любов root. Ohienko uses both forms interchangeably; either is acceptable if used consistently across this curriculum’s exposition.
Referenced passages