Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Galatians (Ukrainian)
Consolidated per-term glossary for the whole letter, drawn from every chapter (see
07_semantic_analysis.md for full reasoning). [baseline] = established in the Ukrainian Romans
Language Package and reused exactly, unchanged. [new] = introduced by Galatians, to be seeded
into assets/translation_memory.json (Wave 4).
| Term (English) | Greek | Ukrainian | Transliteration | Status | Risk | Chapter(s) | Translation risk note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | Євангеліє | Yevanheliye | [baseline] | High | 1 | Reused exactly; see “another gospel” below for this letter’s added edge. |
| another/false gospel | ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον | інше євангеліє | inshe yevanheliye | [new] | Critical | 1 | Must read as a real doctrinal alternative Paul condemns, not a stylistic variant. |
| anathema | ἀνάθεμα | анафема | anafema | [new] | Critical | 1 | Loaded with Ukrainian ecclesiastical-historical weight (Mazepa 1708); must not evoke a specific jurisdiction’s institutional practice. |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | апостол | apostol | [baseline] | Medium→High | 1 | Risk raised for Galatians: this letter defends the legitimacy of Paul’s apostleship itself. |
| Jews | Ἰουδαῖοι | юдеї | yudeyi | [new] | Medium | 2 | Must not blur with погани’s derogatory colloquial drift. |
| Gentiles/nations | ἔθνη | погани | pohany | [baseline] | High | 2, 3 | Established drift risk (modern “wicked people” sense); use народи in mission-scope/comparative contexts. |
| circumcision | περιτομή | обрізання | obrizannya | [new] | High | 2, 5, 6 | Central controversy term of the letter; keep concrete and non-euphemistic. |
| false brothers | ψευδάδελφοι | лжебрати | lzhebraty | [new] | Medium | 2 | Natural Ukrainian compound (лже- prefix); do not soften to “opponents.” |
| works of the Law | ἔργα νόμου | діла закону | dila zakonu | [new] | Critical | 2, 3 | Must denote Torah-boundary markers (circumcision, food laws, calendar), not “good works”/morality generally; risk of colliding with Orthodox/Greek Catholic обряд (rite) piety. |
| justification | δικαιόω/δικαίωσις | виправдання | vypravdannya | [baseline] | Critical | 2 | Occurs 3x in Gal 2:16 alone; all three occurrences must render identically. |
| faith | πίστις | віра | vira | [baseline] | High | 2, 3 | πίστις Χριστοῦ read as objective genitive (faith in Christ); flag subjective-genitive ambiguity per Ambiguity Handling protocol. |
| grace | χάρις | благодать | blahodat’ | [baseline] | Critical | 2 | Reused exactly; Gal 2:21’s “grace of God… not in vain” reinforces the Romans “apart from works” contrast. |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | праведність | pravednist’ | [baseline] | Critical | 2, 3 | Reused exactly. |
| crucified with Christ | Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι | розп’ятий з Христом | rozpyatyy z Khrystom | [new] | Critical | 2, 5, 6 | Highest-sensitivity phrase in the letter: must read as the existential/forensic outworking of justification, not as a claim of metaphysical transformation equivalent to обоження (theosis). |
| Abraham | Ἀβραάμ | Авраам | Avraam | [new to TM] | Medium | 3 | Standard established proper name (already named in baseline requirements doc). |
| promise | ἐπαγγελία | обітниця | obitnytsya | [new] | Medium/High | 3 | Requires OT Genesis-narrative background for readers without continuous OT exposure. |
| seed (of Abraham) | σπέρμα | насіння | nasinnya | [new] | High | 3 | Paul’s singular/plural grammatical argument (3:16) cannot be reproduced by Ukrainian word-form alone (насіння is a collective/mass noun); requires explicit exposition. |
| curse of the Law | κατάρα τοῦ νόμου | прокляття закону | proklyattya zakonu | [new] | High | 3 | Must retain full covenantal-judicial force; not a folk-fatalistic доля/фатум sense. |
| guardian/tutor (paidagōgos) | παιδαγωγός | виховник | vykhovnyk | [new] | High | 3 | Ohienko’s own term; modern cognate педагог (schoolteacher) must never substitute — it would erase the temporary, custodial sense central to Paul’s argument. |
| neither Jew nor Greek… | οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην… | немає ані юдея, ані грека… | nemaye ani yudeya, ani hreka | [new] | High | 3 | Universalizing “in Christ” statement; must not be softened or qualified, per the baseline’s existing rule for universality claims. |
| adoption | υἱοθεσία | усиновлення | usynovlennya | [baseline] | High | 4 | Reused exactly, including wartime-orphans sensitivity; here framed specifically as deliverance from slavery under the Law. |
| Abba, Father | Ἀββά ὁ πατήρ | Авва, Отче | Avva, Otche | [baseline] | High | 4 | Verbatim match to the existing Ukrainian Bible phrase (shared with Romans 8:15). |
| elemental principles | στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου | стихії світу | stykhiyi svitu | [new] | Medium | 4 | Read as elementary religious/legal principles, not literal cosmic elements or spirit-beings (avoid post-Soviet folk-spiritual resonance). |
| Hagar / Sarah | Ἁγάρ / Σάρρα | Агар / Сарра | Ahar / Sarra | [new] | Medium | 4 | Two-covenants allegory; requires supplied Genesis background. |
| freedom/liberty | ἐλευθερία | свобода (exposition) / воля (Scripture citation) | svoboda / volya | [new] | Critical | 5 | Register split per baseline convention; do not let Ukraine’s urgent political-freedom resonance silently replace the theological referent, but allow it to be felt. |
| yoke of slavery | ζυγῷ δουλείας | ярмо рабства | yarmo rabstva | [new] | High | 5 | Vivid agrarian/historical metaphor; keep Paul’s specific referent (return to law-based religion) clear. |
| flesh (ethical sense) | σάρξ | тіло | tilo | [new] | Critical | 2, 5 | Ukrainian тіло also renders σῶμα (“body”); this structural homograph risks conflating Paul’s ethical critique of “flesh” with the body itself, in tension with the tradition’s positive body-theology (icon theology, bodily resurrection). Must be distinguished explicitly on first occurrence. |
| Spirit (Holy Spirit, bare πνεῦμα) | πνεῦμα | Дух | Dukh | [baseline, within Святий Дух] | Critical | 5 | Six bare occurrences in 5:16-25; baseline’s “дух alone must never stand in” rule fully applies — capitalize and gloss as the Holy Spirit on first occurrence. |
| fruit of the Spirit | καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος | плід Духа | plid Dukha | [new] | Medium | 5 | Singular “fruit” (unity of character) must be preserved, contrasted with the itemized plural “works of the flesh.” |
| peace (fruit-of-the-Spirit sense) | εἰρήνη | мир | myr | [baseline] | High | 5 | Reused exactly with wartime-resonance caution. |
| burdens (mutual) | βάρη | тягарі | tyahari | [new] | Medium | 6 | Heavy loads meant to be shared (6:2); distinguish from ноша below. |
| load (personal) | φορτίον | ноша | nosha | [new] | Medium | 6 | One’s own responsibility (6:5); Ukrainian’s two-word option preserves Paul’s deliberate word-choice distinction from βάρη. |
| law of Christ | νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ | закон Христовий | zakon Khrystovyy | [new] | High | 6 | Must not be heard as a new legal code; names the governing ethic of Christlike, burden-bearing love. |
| new creation | καινὴ κτίσις | нове творіння | nove tvorinnya | [new] | High | 6 | Full eschatological/transformative force; not a moral-renewal cliché. |
| marks of Jesus | στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ | знаки Ісусові | znaky Isusovi | [new] | Low | 6 | Concrete referent (persecution scars); no significant risk. |
| Israel of God | Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ | Ізраїль Божий | Izrayil’ Bozhyy | [baseline, extended] | Medium | 6 | Handle with the same care as the baseline’s Romans 9-11 caution; avoid a supersessionist reading. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Ісус | Isus | [baseline] | Critical | throughout | Never the Russian spelling Иисус. |
| law | νόμος | закон | zakon | [baseline] | Medium→High | 1-6 | Reused exactly; risk elevated across Galatians as the letter’s central contested category (vs. Romans’ more incidental use). |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | гріх | hrikh | [baseline] | High | 1, 2, 5 | Reused exactly. |
| Father (God) | πατήρ | Отець | Otets’ | [baseline] | Medium | 1, 4 | Reused exactly. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Святий Дух | Svyatyy Dukh | [baseline] | Critical | 3, 4, 5, 6 | Reused exactly. |
| covenant | διαθήκη | завіт | zavit | [baseline] | Medium→High | 3, 4 | Reused exactly; elevated risk given the Hagar/Sarah “two covenants” allegory’s doctrinal weight. |
| love | ἀγάπη | любов | lyubov | [new] | High | 5, 6 | ”Faith working through love” (5:6) and “the whole Law fulfilled in love” (5:14); must not be reduced to sentiment — the term denotes committed, active good toward another. |
Coverage summary
All 6 chapters are represented in this glossary. The table above cites terms from chapters 1 through 6 without gaps; no chapter contributes zero vocabulary in Galatians (unlike some letters, every chapter of this densely argued polemical letter introduces or develops load-bearing theological terms). Baseline-inherited terms retain their Romans risk tier unless explicitly noted as elevated for this letter’s argument (apostle, law, covenant, crucified-with-Christ union language, Israel of God).
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blahodat’
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: милість, талан, щастя
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 2:21’s either/or (law-righteousness nullifies grace) must be stated explicitly, not assumed shared ground across the three Ukrainian theological traditions.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: праведність
Transliteration: pravednist’
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: справедливість, чесність
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package.
Justification
Approved rendering: виправдання
Transliteration: vypravdannya
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: прощення гріхів, оправдання (Russian-influenced spelling, avoid)
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 2:16 repeats this declaration three times in one verse; all three occurrences must render identically.
Church
Approved rendering: церква
Transliteration: tserkva
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: храм, громада (acceptable for local congregation emphasis)
Inherited from Romans package, including its jurisdiction-neutrality caution. Galatians 1:2, 13, 22 refer to the churches of Galatia and Paul’s former persecution of ‘the church of God’; use церква/громада per the baseline’s established convention.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ісус
Transliteration: Isus
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: Иисус (Russian spelling, never use)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never the Russian spelling.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святий Дух
Transliteration: Svyatyy Dukh
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use alone), енергія
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. See spirit_bare_pneuma below for Galatians 5:16-25’s especially high-density bare-πνεῦμα usage, the highest yet encountered in this Language Package family.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: зарахована праведність
Transliteration: zarakhovana pravednist’
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: заслужена праведність, дарована святість (too vague)
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 3:6 quotes the identical Genesis 15:6 citation as Romans 4:3; the Ukrainian rendering of this quotation MUST be verbatim-identical across both curricula.
Another Gospel
Approved rendering: інше євангеліє
Transliteration: inshe yevanheliye
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: дещо інакше вчення (too weak; must read as a real doctrinal rival, not a stylistic variant)
Original: ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Gospel
New term. Galatians 1:6-7. Motivates the letter’s entire polemical argument; must not be softened.
Anathema
Approved rendering: анафема
Transliteration: anafema
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: нехай буде проклятий (acceptable explanatory gloss only, not a substitute)
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Gospel
New term. Galatians 1:8-9. Carries acute Ukrainian ecclesiastical-historical weight (the 1708 anathematization of Hetman Mazepa; the Triumph of Orthodoxy liturgical rite used by both OCU and UOC). Must read as Paul’s own apostolic warning about gospel fidelity, never as an echo of a specific contemporary Ukrainian jurisdiction’s authority claims. Human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence.
Works Of The Law
Approved rendering: діла закону
Transliteration: dila zakonu
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: добрі справи (too broad, would read as morality generally)
Original: ἔργα νόμου
Category: Salvation
New term. Galatians 2:16 (x3), 3:2, 5, 10. Must denote Torah-boundary markers (circumcision, food laws, calendar) as a basis for standing, never ‘good works’ generally; risk of colliding with Orthodox/Greek Catholic обряд-positive piety must be explicitly fenced (see doctrine registry).
Crucified With Christ
Approved rendering: розп’ятий з Христом
Transliteration: rozpyatyy z Khrystom
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι
Category: Salvation
New term. Galatians 2:19-20; echoed 5:24; 6:14. The letter’s single most theologically sensitive phrase for a Ukrainian audience; must be framed as the existential/forensic outworking of justification (2:16), not a claim of ontological transformation equivalent to обоження (theosis). See 04_comparative_theology.md extended note.
Freedom
Approved rendering: свобода (exposition) / воля (Scripture citation)
Transliteration: svoboda / volya
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Salvation
New term. Galatians 5:1, 13. Register split per baseline convention (Ohienko for Scripture citation, modern literary Ukrainian for exposition). Carries exceptionally heavy current Ukrainian national-political resonance; Christ’s freedom from the Law must not be silently collapsed into the political freedom struggle. Human theologian review mandatory.
Flesh
Approved rendering: тіло
Transliteration: tilo
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: плоть (acceptable only in more elevated/poetic register contexts, not as the default expository term)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
New term. Galatians 2:16 (neutral ‘all flesh’ idiom); 5:13, 16-21, 24 (ethical Pauline sense). Ukrainian тіло also renders σῶμα (‘body’); this structural homograph must be explicitly disambiguated on first occurrence given the traditions’ positive body-theology (icon theology, bodily resurrection).
Spirit Bare Pneuma
Approved rendering: Дух
Transliteration: Dukh
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use lowercase/unqualified for the Holy Spirit)
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
Extends holy_spirit above. Galatians 5:16-25 uses bare πνεῦμα six times, unambiguous by context but requiring mandatory capitalization and explicit first-occurrence glossing as the Holy Spirit, given the baseline’s caution about secular idioms like ‘бойовий дух.‘
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Євангеліє
Transliteration: Yevanheliye
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: добра звістка (acceptable as an explanatory gloss only)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established across all Ukrainian Christian traditions and the Ohienko translation.
Apostle
Approved rendering: апостол
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: посланець, проповідник
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (there Medium risk); risk raised to High for Galatians, which specifically defends the legitimacy and independence of Paul’s apostolic authority against rivals.
Faith
Approved rendering: віра
Transliteration: vira
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: довіра, переконання
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. πίστις Χριστοῦ (2:16, 20; 3:22) read as objective genitive (faith in Christ); flag the subjective-genitive alternative per the Ambiguity Handling protocol.
Adoption
Approved rendering: усиновлення
Transliteration: usynovlennya
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: прийняття в сім’ю
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, including its wartime-orphans sensitivity note. Framed in Galatians 4:5-7 specifically as deliverance from slavery under the Law into full inheritance rights.
Lord
Approved rendering: Господь
Transliteration: Hospod’
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: хазяїн, владика (reserve for liturgical/poetic register only)
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:3’s greeting (‘Lord Jesus Christ’) uses this established term.
Peace
Approved rendering: мир
Transliteration: myr
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: спокій, затишшя
Inherited from Romans package, including its wartime-resonance caution. Galatians 1:3’s greeting (‘grace and peace’) and 6:16’s benediction (‘peace and mercy’) both use this established term.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Царство Боже
Transliteration: Tsarstvo Bozhe
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: держава Божа
Inherited from Romans package, including its Russian-imperial-resonance caution. Galatians 5:21 warns that those who practice the works of the flesh ‘will not inherit the kingdom of God.‘
Law
Approved rendering: закон
Transliteration: zakon
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: правило, заповідь (reserve for individual commandments)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; risk raised from the baseline’s Medium to High for this curriculum, since Galatians makes the Law’s role and limits its central sustained argument (chapters 2-4), unlike Romans’ more incidental references. Must be distinguished contextually from ordinary contemporary Ukrainian civil law.
Sin
Approved rendering: гріх
Transliteration: hrikh
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: помилка, провина
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:4 (Christ ‘gave himself for our sins’), 2:17, 3:22.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: погани
Transliteration: pohany
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Rejected alternatives: чужинці
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, including its derogatory-drift caution. Galatians 2:15’s first-person self-referential contrast (‘we are not sinners from among the погани’) sharpens this risk further; use народи as a clarifying gloss.
Covenant
Approved rendering: завіт
Transliteration: zavit
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: договір, угода
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; risk raised from the baseline’s Medium to High for this curriculum given the doctrinal weight the two-covenants (Hagar/Sarah) allegory of chapter 4 places on the term.
Mission
Approved rendering: місія / благовістя
Transliteration: misiya / blahovistya
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: пропаганда (never use)
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:16 (‘that I might preach him among the Gentiles’) and 2:7-9 (Paul’s mission to the uncircumcised).
Abba
Approved rendering: Авва
Transliteration: Avva
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 4:6 is the New Testament’s other occurrence of the identical phrase ‘Авва, Отче!’ established at Romans 8:15; must match verbatim.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: обрізання
Transliteration: obrizannya
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
New term. Galatians 2:3, 7-9, 12; 5:2-12; 6:12-15. Concrete and unambiguous lexically; the risk is the doctrinal controversy’s low cultural charge in contemporary Ukraine, requiring explicit historical framing rather than any lexical substitution.
Promise
Approved rendering: обітниця
Transliteration: obitnytsya
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
New term. Galatians 3:14-22, 29. Well-established Ukrainian religious vocabulary; requires OT covenant-chronology background to be explicitly supplied.
Seed Of Abraham
Approved rendering: насіння
Transliteration: nasinnya
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: нащадки (plural gloss, acceptable only as an explanatory aside, never replacing насіння in the argument itself)
Original: σπέρμα
Category: Covenant
New term, following the baseline’s seed_of_david pattern. Galatians 3:16, 19, 29. Paul’s singular/plural grammatical argument (3:16) cannot be reproduced by Ukrainian насіння’s collective-noun grammar alone; must be carried by explicit exposition.
Curse Of The Law
Approved rendering: прокляття закону
Transliteration: proklyattya zakonu
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: доля (never use), фатум (never use)
Original: κατάρα τοῦ νόμου
Category: Covenant
New term. Galatians 3:13. Must retain full covenantal-judicial force, not a folk-fatalistic sense.
Law Guardian
Approved rendering: виховник
Transliteration: vykhovnyk
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: педагог (never use — modern cognate means ‘schoolteacher’ and would suggest an ongoing institution rather than a role now ended)
Original: παιδαγωγός
Category: Covenant
New term, the Ohienko translation’s own rendering. Galatians 3:24-25.
Neither Jew Nor Greek
Approved rendering: немає ані юдея, ані грека, ані раба, ані вільного, ані чоловічої статі, ані жіночої
Transliteration: nemaye ani yudeya, ani hreka, ani raba, ani vil’noho, ani cholovichoyi stati, ani zhinochoyi
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην…
Category: Church
New term/phrase. Galatians 3:28. Must render with full, unqualified universalizing force, per the baseline’s existing rule for universality claims.
Abba Father
Approved rendering: Авва, Отче
Transliteration: Avva, Otche
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: Ἀββά ὁ πατήρ
Category: God
See abba entry above; recorded jointly here as the fixed phrase pattern for Galatians 4:6, verbatim-matching Romans 8:15.
Yoke Of Slavery
Approved rendering: ярмо рабства
Transliteration: yarmo rabstva
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ζυγῷ δουλείας
Category: Salvation
New term. Galatians 5:1. Ohienko’s own Scripture-citation phrasing uses the near-synonym ‘ярмо неволі’; both are acceptable, with ярмо неволі reserved for direct Scripture quotation matching Ohienko.
Love
Approved rendering: любов
Transliteration: lyubov
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
New term. Galatians 5:6, 13-14. Must be defined explicitly as committed active good, not primarily feeling, given the crowded semantic neighborhood (romantic/familial/patriotic/neighbor-love all share this one word in Ukrainian).
Law Of Christ
Approved rendering: закон Христовий
Transliteration: zakon Khrystovyy
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Covenant
New term. Galatians 6:2, echoing 5:14. Must not be heard as a new legal code; names the Spirit-empowered, burden-bearing love-ethic.
New Creation
Approved rendering: нове творіння
Transliteration: nove tvorinnya
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Rejected alternatives: новий початок (too weak; loses eschatological force)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation
New term. Galatians 6:15.
Medium Risk Terms
Called Calling
Approved rendering: покликаний / покликання
Transliteration: poklykanyy / poklykannya
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Rejected alternatives: запрошений
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 5:13 (‘you were called to freedom’) and 1:6, 15 apply the established sense; context-sensitive per the baseline.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: воскресіння
Transliteration: voskresinnya
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: оживлення, реінкарнація
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:1 grounds Paul’s apostleship in God ‘who raised him from the dead.‘
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Син Божий
Transliteration: Syn Bozhyy
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: божественний посланець
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 2:20 (‘faith in the Son of God who loved me’) and 4:4 (God sent forth his Son).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: втілення
Transliteration: vtilennya
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: аватар (never use), явлення
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 4:4’s ‘born of woman, born under the Law’ is this letter’s incarnation reference, framing the Son’s full humanity as the ground of redemption from the Law.
Glory
Approved rendering: слава
Transliteration: slava
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: шана, велич
Inherited from Romans package, including its patriotic-resonance caution (‘Слава Україні’). Galatians 1:5’s doxology (‘to whom be glory forever’).
Israel
Approved rendering: Ізраїль
Transliteration: Izrayil’
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 6:16’s ‘Israel of God’ extends this term; see israel_of_god entry below for the phrase-specific risk note.
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Boh
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: Всевишній (acceptable poetic synonym only)
Inherited from Romans package.
Father
Approved rendering: Отець
Transliteration: Otets’
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: батюшка (never for God the Father; itself an avoided Russicism)
Inherited from Romans package.
Jews
Approved rendering: юдеї
Transliteration: yudeyi
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: Ἰουδαῖοι
Category: Covenant
New term. Galatians 2:15. Must not blur with погани’s derogatory colloquial drift in the paired contrast.
False Brothers
Approved rendering: лжебрати
Transliteration: lzhebraty
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: опоненти (too weak)
Original: ψευδάδελφοι
Category: Church
New term. Galatians 2:4.
Abraham
Approved rendering: Авраам
Transliteration: Avraam
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant
New to this TM (already named in the baseline requirements doc’s transliteration standards list). Galatians 3:6-9, 14-18, 29.
Elemental Principles
Approved rendering: стихії світу
Transliteration: stykhiyi svitu
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: духи стихій (never use — risks resonance with post-Soviet folk-spiritual vocabulary)
Original: στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Covenant
New term. Galatians 4:3, 9.
Hagar Sarah Allegory
Approved rendering: Агар / Сарра
Transliteration: Ahar / Sarra
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἁγάρ / Σάρρα
Category: Covenant
New term. Galatians 4:21-31. Requires supplied Genesis narrative background.
Fruit Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: плід Духа
Transliteration: plid Dukha
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: плоди Духа (avoid pluralizing; Greek is deliberately singular)
Original: καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
New term. Galatians 5:22-23.
Burdens Mutual
Approved rendering: тягарі
Transliteration: tyahari
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: βάρη
Category: Church
New term. Galatians 6:2. Must remain lexically distinct from ноша (load_personal) to preserve Paul’s deliberate two-word contrast.
Load Personal
Approved rendering: ноша
Transliteration: nosha
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: φορτίον
Category: Church
New term. Galatians 6:5.
Israel Of God
Approved rendering: Ізраїль Божий
Transliteration: Izrayil’ Bozhyy
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
Extends the israel baseline entry. Galatians 6:16. Handle with the same care as the baseline’s Romans 9-11 Unity of Jews and Gentiles caution; avoid a supersessionist reading.
Low Risk Terms
Marks Of Jesus
Approved rendering: знаки Ісусові
Transliteration: znaky Isusovi
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Church
New term. Galatians 6:17.
Referenced passages