Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Revelation — English → Ukrainian
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering Revelation chapters 1–22. Terms already present in the baseline translation_memory.json (Romans/Galatians) are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and are not to be re-translated or re-risk-assessed; their baseline rendering and risk tier are carried forward unchanged. New terms introduced by Revelation are marked [NEW] and risk-tiered fresh using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework.
Risk tier definitions follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json exactly:
- Critical — human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — human theologian review required.
- Medium — native speaker review recommended.
- Low — automated review sufficient.
Reused Baseline Terms Appearing Throughout Revelation
| English | Ukrainian | Transliteration | Risk (baseline) | Chapters | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Бог | Boh | Critical | all | Reuse exactly. |
| Lord | Господь | Hospod’ | High | 1, 4, 11, 17, 19, 22 | Reuse exactly; combines with Царство in 19:16 (see new-term table, Critical). |
| Jesus | Ісус | Isus | Critical | 1, 12, 17, 19, 22 | Reuse exactly; never Иисус. |
| Christ | Христос | Khrystos | — | 1, 11, 12, 20 | Reuse exactly. |
| Holy Spirit / Spirit | Святий Дух / Дух | Svyatyy Dukh / Dukh | Critical | 1–3 (letters), 14, 17, 19, 21, 22 | Reuse exactly; bare Дух must always be capitalized and glossed. |
| church(es) | церква / церкви | tserkva / tserkvy | Critical | 1–3, 22 | Reuse exactly; frame as universal people of God, not one jurisdiction. |
| faith / believe | віра | vira | High | 2, 13, 14 | Reuse exactly. |
| grace | благодать | blahodat’ | Critical | 1, 22 | Reuse exactly. |
| salvation | спасіння | spasinnya | Critical | 7, 12, 19 | Reuse exactly. |
| resurrection | воскресіння | voskresinnya | Medium/Critical (per term) | 20 | Reuse exactly; “first resurrection” = перше воскресіння. |
| glory | слава | slava | High | 1, 4, 5, 14, 18, 21 | Reuse exactly; note patriotic резонанс caution. |
| sin | гріх | hrikh | High | 18 (implied), 21, 22 (vice-lists) | Reuse exactly. |
| kingdom of God | Царство Боже | Tsarstvo Bozhe | High | 1, 11, 12 | Reuse exactly; extends to Царство/цар compounds — see new terms. |
| covenant | завіт | zavit | Medium | 11 (ark/testimony echoes) | Reuse exactly. |
| calling / called | покликання / покликаний | poklykannya / poklykanyy | Medium | 17 (the called, chosen, faithful, 17:14) | Reuse exactly. |
| election | обрання | obrannya | High | 17:14 (ἐκλεκτοί) | Reuse exactly. |
| providence | провидіння Боже | providinnya Bozhe | High | 1, 4–5, 17 (sovereignty passages generally) | Reuse exactly. |
| adoption | усиновлення | usynovlennya | High | 21 | Reuse exactly; son/inheritance language 21:7. |
| love | любов | lyubov | High | 1:5 (Christ who loves us), 2, 3 | Reuse exactly. |
| freedom / free | свобода / воля | svoboda / volya | Critical | 1 (freed from sins by his blood, 1:5) | Reuse exactly per Ohienko/exposition register split. |
| flesh | тіло | tilo | Critical | 19 (marriage supper imagery contrasted with flesh of kings, 19:18, 21) | Reuse exactly; disambiguate from σῶμα sense. |
| apostle | апостол | apostol | Medium | 2 (Ephesus tests those claiming apostleship, 2:2), 18, 21 | Reuse exactly. |
| curse | прокляття | proklyattya | High | 22 | Reuse exactly (curse_of_the_law entry). |
| new creation (conceptual echo) | нове творіння | nove tvorinnya | High | 21 | Reuse exactly as conceptual echo of “making all things new,” 21:5. |
New Terms Introduced by Revelation
| English | Greek (transliteration) | Ukrainian | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Risk Rationale (grounded, specific) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revelation (book title) | ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis) | Одкровення | Odkrovennya | Medium | title, 1:1 | Established Ohienko title; risk of book-title flattening, parallel to Євангеліє. |
| testimony / witness | μαρτυρία / μάρτυς (martyria / martys) | свідчення / свідок | svidchennya / svidok | High | 1, 6, 11, 12, 17, 19, 20 | Must be kept distinct from мученик (canonized martyr category); Revelation’s sense is active ongoing testimony, of which death is the ultimate but not sole form. |
| Almighty / Pantocrator | Παντοκράτωρ (Pantokratōr) | Вседержитель | Vsederzhytel’ | Critical | 1, 4, 11, 15, 16, 19, 21 | Exact title of the central Orthodox/Greek Catholic icon type (Christ Pantocrator); requires explicit framing so the term is heard as Revelation’s confession of sovereignty over history, not merely a decorative icon reference. |
| Alpha and Omega / beginning and end | Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος | Альфа і Омега, початок і кінець | Al’fa i Omeha, pochatok i kinets’ | High | 1, 21, 22 | Requires exposition of ἀρχή’s “ruling source” and τέλος’s “purposeful goal” nuance beyond mere temporal bookends. |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου (huios anthrōpou) | Син Людський | Syn Lyuds’kyy | Medium | 1, 14 | Standard Christological title; requires Daniel 7 background. |
| keys of Death and Hades | κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου | ключі смерті й аду | klyuchi smerti y adu | Medium | 1, 20 | ад (Hades) must be distinguished from the final lake of fire (Gehenna-equivalent). |
| angel | ἄγγελος (angelos) | ангел | anhel | Low | 1–22 (constant) | Standard, uncontested. |
| lampstands | λυχνίαι (lychniai) | світильники | svityl’nyky | Low | 1 | OT menorah echo; low risk. |
| repent / repentance | μετανοέω / μετάνοια (metanoeō / metanoia) | покаятися / покаяння | pokayatysya / pokayannya | High | 2, 3, 9, 16 | Collides with the formal Sacrament of Confession (Таїнство покаяння) in Orthodox/Greek Catholic practice; must be taught as Revelation’s own sense of decisive inward turning, not sacramental confession specifically. |
| tribulation | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | скорбота / утиск | skorbota / utysk | Medium | 2, 7 | Resonates with lived wartime suffering; must retain specific “suffering for the faith” referent. |
| synagogue of Satan | συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ | синагога сатани | synahoha satany | Critical | 2, 3 | Historically specific first-century polemic; requires mandatory historical framing given Ukraine’s history of antisemitic violence. |
| crown / crown of life | στέφανος (stephanos) | вінець | vinets’ | Medium | 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 14 | Victor’s wreath, distinct from royal diadem (see below); mild positive resonance with Orthodox wedding-crown imagery. |
| diadem (royal crown) | διάδημα (diadēma) | діадема | diadema | Medium | 12, 13, 19 | Must be kept distinct from στέφανος/вінець; used of the dragon, the beast, and (climactically, “many diadems”) of Christ himself. |
| tree of life | ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | дерево життя | derevo zhyttya | Low | 2, 22 | Eden imagery restored; low risk. |
| hidden manna / white stone | μάννα κεκρυμμένον / ψῆφος λευκή | скрита манна / білий камінь | skryta manna / bilyy kamin’ | Medium | 2 | Obscure ancient imagery requiring historical-background exposition. |
| book of life | βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | книга життя | knyha zhyttya | Medium | 3, 13, 17, 20, 21 | Ensure identical rendering across all six occurrences. |
| morning star | ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός | зірка ранкова | zirka rankova | Low | 2, 22 | Messianic self-identification at 22:16; keep consistent. |
| open door | θύρα ἀνεῳγμένη | відкриті двері | vidkryti dveri | Low | 3, 4 | Mission opportunity / personal invitation, context-dependent. |
| lukewarm | χλιαρός (chliaros) | теплий / байдужий | teplyy / bayduzhyy | Medium | 3 | теплий alone sounds positive in Ukrainian; pair with байдужий. |
| gold refined by fire | χρυσίον πεπυρωμένον | золото, очищене вогнем | zoloto, ochyshchene vohnem | Low | 3 | Standard. |
| Holy, Holy, Holy | Ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος | Святий, Святий, Святий | Svyatyy, Svyatyy, Svyatyy | High | 4 | Exact liturgical Trisagion/Sanctus text used in every Divine Liturgy; asset requiring explicit connection, not mere quotation. |
| twenty-four elders | εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι | двадцять четверо старців | dvadtsyat’ chetvero startsiv | Low | 4, 5, 11, 19 | Standard. |
| four living creatures | τέσσαρα ζῷα | чотири живі істоти | chotyry zhyvi istoty | Low | 4–6, 14, 15, 19 | Standard. |
| Lamb | Ἀρνίον (Arnion) | Агнець | Ahnets’ | Critical | 5–7, 12–15, 17, 19, 21, 22 | Exact liturgical term for the Eucharistic bread-portion (Агнець Божий) in Orthodox proskomedia; central Christological title requiring mandatory theologian review. |
| slain (of the Lamb) | σφάζω (sphazō) | закланий | zaklanyy | High | 5, 6, 13 | Deliberate sacrificial-slaughter register; must not soften to generic “killed.” |
| worthy | ἄξιος (axios) | достойний | dostoynyy | Medium | 4, 5 | Liturgical resonance (ordination acclamation) is an asset here. |
| scroll / book with seven seals | βιβλίον…ἑπτὰ σφραγῖσιν | книга, запечатана сімома печатками | knyha, zapechatana simoma pechatkamy | Medium | 5, 6 | печатка reused for two distinct referents (scroll seals vs. God’s seal on believers, ch. 7); must be disambiguated. |
| new song | ᾠδὴ καινή | нова пісня | nova pisnya | Low | 5, 14 | Standard. |
| worship (verb) | προσκυνέω (proskyneō) | поклонятися | poklonyatysya | High | 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 19, 22 | Same verb used for true worship and false worship (of the beast); moral force depends entirely on grammatical object — must be tracked explicitly throughout. |
| serve / cultic worship | λατρεύω (latreuō) | служити | sluzhyty | Medium | 7, 22 | Distinct from προσκυνέω; priestly/cultic service sense. |
| souls under the altar | ψυχαὶ ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου | душі під жертовником | dushi pid zhertovnykom | Medium | 6 | жертовник distinct from престол (throne). |
| how long, O Lord? (Sovereign) | ἕως πότε, ὁ δεσπότης | доки, Владико? | doky, Vladyko? | Medium | 6 | Владико is elevated/liturgical register, distinct from Господь. |
| seal (of God) / mark | σφραγίς / σφραγίζω | печатка | pechatka | High | 5, 6, 7, 9 | Must contrast explicitly with знак звіра (mark of the beast, ch. 13); never overlapping vocabulary. |
| great multitude | ὄχλος πολύς | велике множество | velyke mnozhestvo | High | 7, 19 | Full universal scope must be retained unqualified. |
| white robes | στολαὶ λευκαί | білі одежі | bili odezhi | Medium | 6, 7 | Standard purity/vindication imagery. |
| great tribulation | ἡ θλῖψις ἡ μεγάλη | велика скорбота | velyka skorbota | Medium | 7 | Millennial/eschatological-period debate requires non-partisan framing. |
| trumpet | σάλπιγξ (salpinx) | труба | truba | Low | 1, 8, 9, 11 | Standard; marks judgment-cycle structure. |
| incense / prayers of the saints | θυμίαμα / προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων | ладан / молитви святих | ladan / molytvy svyatykh | Medium | 5, 8 | святих reuses baseline sainthood caution (all believers, not canonized elite). |
| wormwood | Ἄψινθος (Apsinthos) | Полин | Polyn | Critical | 8 | Popularly linked to “Chornobyl” (полин = wormwood, folk root of the place-name) in Ukrainian and post-Soviet religious discourse; requires mandatory theologian review to avoid overreaching prophetic identification while acknowledging the resonance. |
| abyss / bottomless pit | ἄβυσσος (abyssos) | безодня | bezodnya | Medium | 9, 11, 17, 20 | Prefer Ukrainian-rooted безодня over Russian-cognate-leaning бездна. |
| Abaddon / Apollyon | Ἀβαδδών / Ἀπολλύων | Аваддон / Аполліон | Avaddon / Apollion | Low | 9 | Standard transliteration; a defeated subordinate, not a rival sovereign. |
| locusts | ἀκρίδες (akrides) | сарана | sarana | Low | 9 | Standard. |
| mystery (of God / Babylon) | μυστήριον (mystērion) | тайна (Scripture) / таємниця (exposition) | tayna / tayemnytsya | High | 1, 10, 17 | тайна collides with the Sacraments (Свята Тайна); register-split recommended per свобода/воля pattern. |
| sweet as honey | γλυκὺ ὡς μέλι | солодкий, як мед | solodkyy, yak med | Low | 10 | Standard; echoes Ezekiel 3. |
| two witnesses | δύο μάρτυρες | два свідки | dva svidky | High | 11 | Reuses свідок/μάρτυς distinction (ch. 1); models Perseverance doctrine narratively. |
| the great city (Sodom/Egypt) | ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη | велике місто | velyke misto | Medium | 11 | Explicitly symbolic/composite naming, not literal geography. |
| kingdom of the world → kingdom of our Lord | ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν | Царство світу стало Царством Господа нашого | Tsarstvo svitu stalo Tsarstvom Hospoda nashoho | Critical | 11 | Reuses baseline’s already-Critical Царство Боже; announces transfer of worldly imperial power itself — acute imperial-Russian resonance risk. |
| dragon | δράκων (drakōn) | дракон | drakon | Low | 12, 13, 16, 20 | Low native mythological collision risk. |
| Satan / the devil | Σατανᾶς / διάβολος | сатана / диявол | satana / dyyavol | Low | 2, 12, 20 | Standard, uncontested. |
| the accuser | ὁ κατήγορος | обвинувач | obvynuvach | Low | 12 | Standard. |
| overcame by the blood of the Lamb / word of testimony | ἐνίκησαν διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας | перемогли кров’ю Агнця і словом свідчення свого | peremohly krov’yu Ahntsya i slovom svidchennya svoho | Critical | 12, 15 (echo) | Combines Critical перемога and Critical Агнець in one interpretive-key sentence for the whole book’s “overcoming” theme. |
| war in heaven | πόλεμος ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ | війна на небі | viyna na nebi | High | 12 | Literal “war” carries acute current wartime weight; must stay in symbolic/heavenly register, not conflated with the reader’s literal experience. |
| beast | θηρίον (thērion) | звір | zvir | Critical | 11, 13, 14–20 | Live temptation to identify directly with a specific contemporary nation/leader; must affirm trans-historical applicability without over-specific identification. |
| false prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης | лжепророк | lzheprorok | Medium | 13, 16, 19, 20 | Reuses established лже- prefix pattern. |
| mark of the beast | χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου | знак звіра | znak zvira | High | 13, 14, 16, 19, 20 | Acute resonance with forced Russian passportization in occupied territories; must not be asserted as direct fulfillment while acknowledging the resonance. |
| number of the beast, 666 | ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου, χξς΄ | число звіра, 666 | chyslo zvira, 666 | Medium | 13 | Guard against sensationalized numerological speculation. |
| eternal gospel | εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον | вічне Євангеліє | vichne Yevanheliye | High | 14 | Reuses baseline Євангеліє exactly; not “another gospel” (cf. Galatians Critical caution). |
| Babylon the great has fallen | ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | упав Вавилон великий | upav Vavylon velykyy | High | 14, 16, 18, 19 | Must be taught as symbolic of corrupt worldly power in every generation, not one contemporary nation. |
| winepress of God’s wrath | ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ | точило гніву Божого | tochylo hnivu Bozhoho | Medium | 14 | Distinguish God’s righteous judicial wrath from human vengeful anger. |
| song of Moses and of the Lamb | ᾠδὴ Μωυσέος καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου | пісня Мойсея і пісня Агнця | pisnya Moyseya i pisnya Ahntsya | Medium | 15 | Requires Exodus 15 background; reuses Агнець. |
| tabernacle of testimony | σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου | скинія свідчення | skyniya svidchennya | Medium | 15 | Reuses σκηνή (ch. 21) and μαρτυρία (ch. 1). |
| bowls (of wrath) | φιάλαι (phialai) | чаші [гніву] | chashi [hnivu] | Low | 15, 16 | Third and final judgment-cycle; literary-structural note. |
| Armageddon | Ἁρμαγεδών | Армагеддон | Armaheddon | Medium | 16 | Now-generic pop-cultural usage risks obscuring Revelation-specific meaning. |
| the great prostitute | ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη | велика блудниця | velyka bludnytsya | High | 17, 19 | Symbolic figure (corrupt systemic power); must not be misheard as condemning women or an ethnic/national group; structural contrast with the Bride. |
| kings of the earth | βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς | царі землі | tsari zemli | Medium | 6, 16, 17, 18, 21 | Must be distinguished from Christ’s own righteous kingship despite shared root. |
| merchants weep and mourn | ἔμποροι κλαίουσιν καὶ πενθοῦσιν | купці плачуть і ридають | kuptsi plachut’ i rydayut’ | Medium | 18 | Pastoral opportunity re: economic complicity/profiteering. |
| Hallelujah | Ἁλληλουϊά (Hallēlouia) | Алілуя | Aliluya | Low | 19 | Already in the baseline transliteration standards list. |
| marriage supper of the Lamb | γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | весілля Агнця | vesillya Ahntsya | High | 19, 21 | Warm, positive весілля register; reuses Critical Агнець. |
| Faithful and True | πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός | вірний і істинний | virnyy i istynnyy | High | 3, 19, 21, 22 | ἀληθινός’s “genuine/real” nuance beyond mere factual accuracy requires exposition; verbatim consistency required across all occurrences. |
| the Word of God (title) | ὁ Λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | Слово Боже | Slovo Bozhe | Medium | 19 | Standard, echoes John 1:1. |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων | Цар царів і Господь господів | Tsar tsariv i Hospod’ hospodiv | Critical | 17, 19 | Combines High-risk Господь with loaded Царство/цар imperial-Russian resonance; must describe Christ’s unique heavenly supremacy only. |
| lake of fire | λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | вогняне озеро | vohnyane ozero | High | 19, 20, 21 | Central image of final judgment; retain full judicial seriousness. |
| sulfur / brimstone | θεῖον (theion) | сірка | sirka | Low | 21 (also 19, 20) | Echoes Sodom (Genesis 19). |
| a thousand years / millennium | χίλια ἔτη (chilia etē) | тисяча років | tysyacha rokiv | Critical | 20 | Maps onto genuine, differing millennial views across Ukraine’s Orthodox/Greek Catholic/Protestant traditions; requires explicit, non-partisan framing. |
| Satan bound | ὁ Σατανᾶς δεδεμένος | сатана зв’язаний | satana zv’yazanyy | Medium | 20 | Already-accomplished restraint regardless of millennial framework. |
| the first resurrection | ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη | перше воскресіння | pershe voskresinnya | Medium | 20 | Reuses baseline воскресіння; qualifier “first” is the interpretively loaded element. |
| Gog and Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Гог і Магог | Hoh i Mahoh | Medium | 20 | Guard against over-specific geopolitical identification. |
| great white throne | ὁ θρόνος ὁ μέγας ὁ λευκός | великий білий престол | velykyy bilyy prestol | High | 20 | Root of “Страшний суд” iconography; balance dread (unrepentant) and comfort (saints’ vindication). |
| second death | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | друга смерть | druha smert’ | High | 2, 20, 21 | Must be heard as a distinct theological category, not intensified physical death, despite смерть’s acute wartime weight. |
| new (qualitative) | καινός (kainos) | новий | novyy | Medium | 21 (×2), 3:12, 5:9, 14:3, 21:5 | No lexical distinction from νέος in Ukrainian; qualitative sense requires exposition. |
| holy city, new Jerusalem | πόλις ἁγία…Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή | святе місто, новий Єрусалим | svyate misto, novyy Yerusalym | Medium | 21 | святий reuses baseline holiness caution. |
| bride | νύμφη (nymphē) | невіста (Scripture) / наречена (gloss) | nevista / narechena | High | 19, 21, 22 | Archaic register risk; наречена as bridging gloss recommended. |
| adorned | κεκοσμημένην (kosmeō) | прикрашена | prykrashena | Low | 21 | Standard. |
| throne | θρόνος (thronos) | престол | prestol | Medium | 1, 3–7, 12, 14, 16, 19–22 | Collides mildly with престол as the Orthodox/Greek Catholic altar-table term; first-occurrence clarification recommended. |
| dwelling / tabernacle (noun) | σκηνή (skēnē) | оселя (exposition) / скинія (OT-echo) | osel’a / skyniya | High | 13, 15, 21 | OT tabernacle background essential; оселя alone risks sounding merely domestic. |
| will dwell/tabernacle (verb) | σκηνόω (skēnoō) | буде перебувати / оселиться | bude perebuvaty / oselytsya | Medium | 21 | Must not flatten to generic “will be with them.” |
| his peoples / they will be his people | λαοὶ αὐτοῦ (laoi autou) | народи Його | narody Yoho | High | 21 | Plural echoes baseline’s Critical Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine; must not smooth into a flattened singular. |
| wipe away | ἐξαλείφω (exaleiphō) | витре | vytre | Medium | 21 | Requires warm, personal, first-person-divine-action force. |
| death (personified) | θάνατος (thanatos) | смерть | smert’ | High | 1, 2, 6, 9, 20, 21 | Acute current wartime weight; must be handled with pastoral gravity. |
| mourning / crying / pain | πένθος / κραυγή / πόνος | плач / зойк / біль | plach / zoyk / bil’ | Low | 21 | Standard. |
| It is done | Γέγοναν (gegonan) | Здійснилося! / Сталося! | Zdiysnylosya! / Stalosya! | Medium | 16, 21 | Should echo the “Звершилося!” (John 19:30) parallel many readers will recognize. |
| I am making all things new | καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα | Я творю все нове | Ya tvoryu vse nove | Medium | 21 | Should echo established нове творіння vocabulary from the Galatians package. |
| spring/fountain of the water of life | πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς | джерело води життя | dzherelo vody zhyttya | Medium | 21, 22 (river form) | Echoes John 4, Isaiah 55; OT/Gospel background should be supplied. |
| freely / as a gift | δωρεάν (dōrean) | даром | darom | High | 21 (also 22:17) | Must not be confused with дарма (“in vain,” Gal 2:21, a different word); connects to Critical grace doctrine. |
| the one who overcomes / overcome | ὁ νικῶν / νικάω (nikaō) | переможець / перемагати | peremozhets’ / peremahaty | Critical | 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 15, 17, 21 | Acute wartime resonance with перемога (military/national victory); must remain anchored to spiritual perseverance, not collapsed into political/military victory. |
| inherit | κληρονομέω (klēronomeō) | успадкувати | uspadkuvaty | High | 21 | Extends baseline’s wartime-orphans-sensitive adoption doctrine to its completion. |
| son (of God, believers) | υἱός (huios) | син | syn | Medium | 21 | Completion, not a new/separate status from adoption already given. |
| cowardly / fainthearted | δειλός (deilos) | малодушні / боязливі | malodushni / boyazlivi | High | 21 | Must distinguish spiritual apostasy from ordinary human fear/trauma amid war. |
| unbelieving / faithless | ἄπιστος (apistos) | невірні | nevirni | Medium | 21 | Reuses baseline віра root. |
| detestable | βδελυγμένος (bdelygmenos) | огидні | ohydni | Low | 21 | Standard. |
| murderers | φονεύς (phoneus) | вбивці | vbyvtsi | Low | 21 | Standard. |
| sexually immoral | πόρνος (pornos) | розпусники | rozpusnyky | Medium | 21, 22 | Thematically links to Babylon/harlot imagery (chs. 17–19). |
| sorcerers | φαρμακός (pharmakos) | чарівники | charivnyky | High | 21, 22 | Must clearly include contemporary occult/folk-magic practice, extending baseline’s екстрасенс/ворожбит caution. |
| idolaters | εἰδωλολάτρης (eidōlolatrēs) | ідолопоклонники | idolopoklonnyky | Low | 21, 22 | Standard. |
| liars | ψευδής (pseudēs) | лжеці / неправдиві | lzhetsi / nepravdyvi | Medium | 21, 22 | Reuses established лже- prefix pattern; direct antithesis to v.5’s “faithful and true.” |
| bride / wife of the Lamb | νύμφη, γυνὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου | невіста, дружина Агнця | nevista, druzhyna Ahntsya | High | 21 | Combines two High/Critical terms; дружина offers a warm modern-register complement. |
| twelve gates / tribes / apostles | δώδεκα πυλῶνες / φυλῶν / ἀποστόλων | дванадцять брам / колін / апостолів | dvanadtsyat’ bram / kolin / apostoliv | High | 21 | Unites OT Israel and NT Church; reuses baseline Unity of Jews and Gentiles caution. |
| no temple | ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον | храму я не побачив | khramu ya ne pobachyv | Medium | 21 | Must not devalue present-day church buildings; connect to tabernacle theme instead. |
| kings bring their glory | οἱ βασιλεῖς φέρουσιν τὴν δόξαν | царі приносять свою славу | tsari prynosyat’ svoyu slavu | High | 21 | Reuses слава’s patriotic-resonance caution in a passage about redeemed national glory. |
| river of the water of life | ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς | річка води життя | richka vody zhyttya | Medium | 22 | Genesis 2/Eden background required. |
| his servants will worship/serve | λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ (latreusousin) | будуть служити Йому | budut’ sluzhyty Yomu | Medium | 22 | Distinct from поклонятися; cultic-service sense. |
| the Spirit and the Bride say, Come | τὸ Πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν· Ἔρχου | Дух і невіста говорять: Прийди! | Dukh i nevista hovoryat’: Pryydy! | Critical | 22 | Combines Critical bare-Дух caution with High-risk невіста; climactic devotional refrain. |
| Come, Lord Jesus | Ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ | Прийди, Господи Ісусе! | Pryydy, Hospody Isuse! | Critical | 22 | Must be anchored in Christ’s promised return, not only wartime-deliverance longing. |
| grace be with all | ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων | благодать з усіма | blahodat’ z usima | Critical | 22 | Reuses baseline’s Critical благодать as the book’s final word. |
Chapters Confirmed as Introducing No Wholly New Load-Bearing Terms Beyond Those Tabled Above
- Chapter 9 (locusts, Abaddon/Apollyon) is fully covered above as part of the ch. 8–9 grouping; no additional terms.
- Chapter 18 contributes only “merchants weep and mourn” beyond reusing “Babylon the great has fallen” (ch. 14) and “the great prostitute” (ch. 17); both reused terms are noted, not re-tabled.
- Chapter 16 contributes “bowls” and “Armageddon” as its only new terms; all wrath/judgment vocabulary otherwise reuses ch. 6, 8–9, and 14 terms.
All other chapters (1–8, 10–15, 17, 19–22) are represented above with genuinely new load-bearing terms specific to that chapter’s content, per the full treatment in 07_semantic_analysis.md.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Boh
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: Всевишній (acceptable poetic synonym only)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline TM listed Medium; risk elevated to Critical here per the Revelation-specific bible_term_registry.json, since God’s sovereignty over history’s catastrophes — seals, trumpets, bowls — must be affirmed without minimizing real, current wartime suffering).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ісус
Transliteration: Isus
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Иисус (Russian spelling, never use)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (baseline TM listed Medium; elevated to Critical here per the Revelation-specific bible_term_registry.json). Appears at the book’s most pastorally acute moments (1:1; 22:20, ‘Прийди, Господи Ісусе!’), requiring warm, personal register every time.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святий Дух / Дух
Transliteration: Svyatyy Dukh / Dukh
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use alone), енергія
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ Πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package’s Critical bare-Дух caution (baseline Romans TM listed Medium; elevated to Critical here matching the Revelation-specific registry). Every bare occurrence in the seven letters (2:7, 2:11, etc.) and at 22:17’s climactic ‘Дух і невіста говорять: Прийди!’ must be capitalized and explicitly glossed as the Holy Spirit, never left to resonate with ‘бойовий дух’ (fighting spirit/morale).
Church
Approved rendering: церква / церкви
Transliteration: tserkva / tserkvy
Doctrine: The Church Addressed and Tested
Rejected alternatives: храм, громада (acceptable for local congregation emphasis)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. The seven churches’ direct address (chs. 2-3) must be framed as the universal people of God, never as commentary on, or applicable specifically to, any one contemporary Ukrainian jurisdiction (OCU/UOC/UGCC).
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blahodat’
Doctrine: Grace as the Book’s Final Word
Rejected alternatives: милість, талан, щастя
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Frames both the book’s opening greeting (1:4) and, most significantly, its and the New Testament’s closing benediction (22:21); after all the book’s judgment imagery, the last word remains unmerited grace, continuous with the baseline’s Critical grace doctrine.
Salvation
Approved rendering: спасіння
Transliteration: spasinnya
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: визволення, рятування (too generic, ‘rescue’)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Celebrated by the great multitude (7:10, 12:10, 19:1); must remain anchored to Christ’s death and resurrection, not a this-worldly notion of rescue from the tribulation’s specific historical circumstances.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: воскресіння
Transliteration: voskresinnya
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign and the Intermediate State
Rejected alternatives: оживлення, реінкарнація
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package (baseline TM listed Medium; elevated to Critical here). Named ‘the first resurrection’ at 20:5-6 in distinction from the general resurrection at final judgment (20:12-13); the qualifier ‘first’ is the interpretively loaded element tied to the millennial debate.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Царство Боже
Transliteration: Tsarstvo Bozhe
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: держава Божа
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου…τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package (baseline TM listed High; elevated to Critical here per Revelation 11:15’s specific announcement that ‘the kingdom of the world’ has become Christ’s). Царство’s loaded resonance with historical Russian imperial rule applies with full force; must be framed as God’s sovereign spiritual reign superseding every worldly empire, never an echo of any national or imperial framework.
Freedom
Approved rendering: свобода (exposition) / воля (Scripture citation)
Transliteration: svoboda / volya
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ἐλευθερία (implied; λύσαντι ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν, 1:5)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Galatians package’s Critical rating and register-split convention. Even in Revelation’s brief occurrence (1:5, ‘freed us from our sins by his blood’), the acute Ukrainian political-freedom resonance already flagged in the baseline applies and must not silently substitute for the theological referent.
Almighty Pantocrator
Approved rendering: Вседержитель
Transliteration: Vsederzhytel’
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: Пантократор (transliteration would forfeit the established cultural rooting and sound foreign)
Original: Παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
Recurring divine title (1:8, 4:8, 11:17, 15:3, 16:7, 16:14, 19:6, 19:15, 21:22) and the exact title of the single most common icon type in Ukrainian Orthodox/Greek Catholic churches (Christ Pantocrator, central dome). Explicit framing required so the term is heard as Revelation’s own active confession of sovereignty over history’s catastrophes, not a decorative icon reference. Human theologian review mandatory for first substantive teaching occurrence.
Synagogue Of Satan
Approved rendering: синагога сатани
Transliteration: synahoha satany
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles, Consummated
Rejected alternatives: ніколи не узагальнювати на юдеїв/євреїв як народ
Original: συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Church
A historically specific polemic against a local Jewish community opposing the church at Smyrna and Philadelphia (2:9, 3:9). Given Ukraine’s history of antisemitic violence (pogroms, the Holocaust, Babyn Yar), mandatory explicit historical-contextual framing is required every time: it names a specific first-century local conflict, never a generalization about Jewish people. Human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence.
Lamb
Approved rendering: Агнець
Transliteration: Ahnets’
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: ягня (ordinary word for lamb; loses liturgical and diminutive Ἀρνίον resonance)
Original: Ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
Revelation’s dominant title for Christ (~28 occurrences), the slain-yet-standing, conquering sacrificial Lamb. Агнець is the exact term for the consecrated bread-portion cut at the proskomedia rite in the Orthodox Divine Liturgy (‘Агнець Божий’), a direct liturgical-vocabulary collision. Must be taught as Revelation’s own central Christological title while acknowledging, not ignoring, its precise liturgical resonance. Human theologian review mandatory for every substantive occurrence.
Wormwood
Approved rendering: Полин
Transliteration: Polyn
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: ніколи стверджувати остаточне пророче тлумачення щодо Чорнобиля
Original: Ἄψινθος
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
A star that poisons a third of earth’s waters (8:10-11). Полин is the Ukrainian folk name for wormwood/mugwort and the popularly cited etymological root of ‘Чорнобиль,’ widely invoked in Ukrainian religious and popular discourse. The resonance may be acknowledged as striking without asserting a definitive prophetic identification with the 1986 disaster. Human theologian review mandatory for any teaching material addressing this term.
Kingdom Transfer
Approved rendering: Царство світу стало Царством Господа нашого
Transliteration: Tsarstvo svitu stalo Tsarstvom Hospoda nashoho
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
Category: Kingdom
The seventh-trumpet announcement (11:15) that worldly imperial power itself has become Christ’s kingdom. Царство/цар’s loaded historical resonance with imperial Russian rule applies with full force since this verse announces the transfer of worldly imperial power itself. Human theologian review mandatory.
Overcame By Blood And Testimony
Approved rendering: вони перемогли його кров’ю Агнця і словом свідчення свого
Transliteration: vony peremohly yoho krov’yu Ahntsya i slovom svidchennya svoho
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ἐνίκησαν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν
Category: Church
The book’s clearest single statement of how believers ‘overcome’ (12:11) — through Christ’s atoning death and persevering testimony, never through military, political, or self-generated strength. Combines Critical перемога and Critical Агнець vocabulary in one interpretive-key sentence. Human theologian review mandatory.
Beast
Approved rendering: звір
Transliteration: zvir
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: θηρίον
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
The book’s central symbol for worldly, God-opposing power (11, 13-20). Given Ukraine’s lived experience of Russian aggression since 2014/2022, readers face a strong temptation to identify the Beast directly with a specific contemporary state or leader; teaching must affirm trans-historical applicability while explicitly cautioning against uncritical one-to-one identification. Human theologian review mandatory for all teaching.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Цар царів і Господь господів
Transliteration: Tsar tsariv i Hospod’ hospodiv
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
The climactic titular declaration of Christ’s absolute supremacy (17:14, 19:16). Combines High-risk Господь with the loaded Царство/цар imperial-Russian resonance; must describe Christ’s unique heavenly supremacy only, never modeled on any earthly imperial or national framework. Human theologian review mandatory.
Millennium
Approved rendering: тисяча років
Transliteration: tysyacha rokiv
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign and the Intermediate State
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
The thousand-year period of Satan’s binding and the ‘first resurrection’ (20:1-6), the single most debated question in Christian eschatology, mapping onto real, differing traditions among this readership. Teaching must state its own interpretive framework as one legitimate reading among traditions represented in Ukraine, not the obvious one. Human theologian review mandatory.
Overcomer
Approved rendering: переможець / той, хто перемагає
Transliteration: peremozhets’ / toy, khto peremahaye
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Church
The recurring address to each of the seven churches (chs. 2-3) and the culminating promise of 21:7. переможець carries exceptionally heavy wartime resonance with Перемога (military/national victory) dominating current public discourse; must remain anchored to Christ-secured spiritual perseverance, never collapsed into military or political victory. Human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence.
Spirit And Bride Say Come
Approved rendering: Дух і невіста говорять: Прийди!
Transliteration: Dukh i nevista hovoryat’: Pryydy!
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: τὸ Πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν· Ἔρχου
Category: Church
The Church’s Spirit-empowered longing for Christ’s return (22:17), the fullest devotional expression of Church-as-Bride and Return-of-Christ together. Combines the Critical bare-Дух caution with High-risk невіста; must be rendered with full warmth and longing, never flattened into liturgical formula. Human theologian review recommended given the density of Critical-risk terms combined in one clause.
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: Прийди, Господи Ісусе!
Transliteration: Pryydy, Hospody Isuse!
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ
Category: Christology
The book’s final prayer (22:20), echoing the Aramaic ‘Marana tha’ of 1 Corinthians 16:22. Must be rendered with maximal warmth, urgency, and personal longing, anchored in Christ’s own promised return, not allowed to function only as a cipher for hoped-for wartime deliverance, even as that longing is honored. Human theologian review mandatory.
Grace Be With All
Approved rendering: благодать [Господа Ісуса] з усіма
Transliteration: blahodat’ [Hospoda Isusa] z usima
Doctrine: Grace as the Book’s Final Word
Original: ἡ χάρις…μετὰ πάντων
Category: Salvation
The book’s — and the whole New Testament’s — final word (22:21). Reuses the baseline’s already-Critical благодать term exactly; this closing benediction should be taught as continuous with, not a departure from, the baseline’s established grace doctrine. Human theologian review mandatory.
High Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: Господь
Transliteration: Hospod’
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: хазяїн, владика (reserve for liturgical/poetic register only)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standing alone retains the baseline’s High rating; combines with the loaded Царство/цар root at Revelation 17:14 and 19:16 (see king_of_kings_lord_of_lords) to form a Critical-tier compound.
Faith
Approved rendering: віра
Transliteration: vira
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: довіра, переконання
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation, faith’s testing under tribulation (2:13, 2:19, 13:10, 14:12, ‘the faith of Jesus’) carries added weight as the substance of perseverance, not mere confessional identity.
Glory
Approved rendering: слава
Transliteration: slava
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation to All Nations
Rejected alternatives: шана, велич
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline TM listed Medium; elevated to High here). Object of unceasing heavenly worship (4:9-11, 5:12-13) and, climactically, the tribute the redeemed nations bring into the New Jerusalem (21:24, 21:26); слава’s patriotic ‘Слава Україні’ resonance is especially live at 21:24-26, where teaching should affirm legitimate national identity is taken up into, not erased by, this worship.
Sin
Approved rendering: гріх
Transliteration: hrikh
Doctrine: True Worship versus Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: помилка, провина
Original: ἁμαρτία / vice-lists (ἁμαρτωλός implied)
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Catalogued explicitly in the vice-lists of 21:8 and 22:15; must be read as applying to every person, including the reader, not narrowed by wartime moral discourse to mean only an external aggressor’s atrocities.
Election
Approved rendering: обрання
Transliteration: obrannya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles, Consummated
Rejected alternatives: доля, фатум, приречення (use only with careful qualification)
Original: ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Named alongside ‘called’ and ‘faithful’ at 17:14; must never be rendered with доля/фатум/карма, especially significant given Revelation’s wartime-adjacent imagery of survival and defeat.
Providence
Approved rendering: провидіння Боже
Transliteration: providinnya Bozhe
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: доля, випадок, карма (never use)
Original: πρόνοια (implied throughout the throne-room and seal/trumpet/bowl sequences)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Dramatized by the Lamb alone being worthy to open the sealed scroll (5:1-9); must not be rendered with доля/випадок/карма, especially salient given the book’s repeated catastrophe-then-declared-purpose cycles (seals, trumpets, bowls).
Adoption
Approved rendering: усиновлення
Transliteration: usynovlennya
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance, Consummated
Rejected alternatives: прийняття в сім’ю
Original: υἱοθεσία (implied; κληρονομήσει…υἱός)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package with undiminished wartime-orphans sensitivity. Revelation 21:7 pictures this doctrine’s final completion (‘I will be his God and he will be my son’); teaching must stress this is not a status newly earned by overcoming but the visible completion of sonship already given.
Love
Approved rendering: любов
Transliteration: lyubov
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package. Named as Christ’s own prior action toward believers (1:5, ‘to him who loves us’) and as a virtue some churches have abandoned (2:4); risk is doctrinal emphasis — Christ’s prior love must not be overshadowed by the letters’ calls to renewed love as human achievement.
Flesh
Approved rendering: тіло
Transliteration: tilo
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: плоть (acceptable only in elevated/poetic register, not as default expository term)
Original: σάρξ (implied; σάρκας βασιλέων, 19:18, 21)
Category: Sin
Inherited from Galatians package’s тіло/σῶμα homograph caution. Used at 19:18, 21 in the grotesque judgment-feast imagery (‘the flesh of kings’), closer to literal σάρξ than the ethical Pauline sense, but the same disambiguation discipline applies on first occurrence.
Curse
Approved rendering: прокляття
Transliteration: proklyattya
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: доля (never use), фатум (never use)
Original: κατάρα
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Galatians package’s curse_of_the_law entry. Declared finally and permanently lifted in the New Jerusalem (22:3, ‘no longer will there be any curse’); teaching should draw the explicit connection to Galatians 3:13’s curse borne by Christ, now shown fully undone.
Holy
Approved rendering: святий
Transliteration: svyatyy
Doctrine: Holiness and Purity of the Redeemed
Rejected alternatives: чистий, непорочний
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Modifies the city itself (‘the holy city,’ 21:2, 21:10, 22:19) as well as believers and angelic worship; applying it to a city rather than a person reduces but does not eliminate the risk of an overly ritual-purity/canonized-elite reading.
Saints
Approved rendering: святі
Transliteration: svyati
Doctrine: The Intercessory Prayer of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: праведники
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Prayers rise like incense (5:8, 8:3-4), endurance is tested (13:7, 13:10), vindication is celebrated (18:20, 19:8); every occurrence refers to the whole company of the faithful under persecution, never a canonized, venerated minority.
New Creation
Approved rendering: нове творіння
Transliteration: nove tvorinnya
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: новий початок (too weak; loses eschatological force)
Inherited from Galatians package as a conceptual echo of Revelation 21:5’s ‘I am making all things new’ (καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα). Must not collapse Revelation’s cosmic scope into only the individual-believer sense already established for Galatians 6:15, nor the reverse.
Testimony Witness
Approved rendering: свідчення / свідок
Transliteration: svidchennya / svidok
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: мученик (reserve strictly for the canonized-martyr hagiographical category; would narrow the doctrine to only those who die)
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Church
Testimony to Christ, and one who so testifies, often at personal cost (1:2, 1:9, 6:9, 11:7, 12:11, 17:6, 20:4). Names active, ongoing testimony, of which death is the ultimate but not sole form; conflating with мученик narrows a doctrine meant to include every believer, including chaplains and pastoral workers serving Ukraine’s displaced and military populations today.
Alpha Omega
Approved rendering: Альфа і Омега, початок і кінець
Transliteration: Al’fa i Omeha, pochatok i kinets’
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος
Category: God
Total, exclusive divine sovereignty over history’s entire span (1:8, 21:6, 22:13). ἀρχή’s nuance of ‘ruling source/origin’ and τέλος’s nuance of ‘purposeful goal’ must be supplied by exposition at every occurrence, not only on first use, so the phrase is heard as comprehensive lordship over history’s meaning, not a bare temporal bookend.
Repentance
Approved rendering: покаятися / покаяння
Transliteration: pokayatysya / pokayannya
Doctrine: The Call to Repentance
Rejected alternatives: не звужувати до сповіді/Таїнства покаяння як єдиного значення
Original: μετανοέω / μετάνοια
Category: Sanctification
покаяння is the literal Ukrainian name of the formal Sacrament of Confession/Penance (Таїнство покаяння) in Orthodox and Greek Catholic practice. Revelation’s repeated command to the drifting churches (2:5, 2:16, 2:21-22, 3:3, 3:19; also 9:20-21, 16:9-11) risks being heard as ‘go to confession’ rather than a decisive, Spirit-wrought turning of the whole heart and life back to Christ; must be taught explicitly, following the discipline the baseline requires for grace/виправдання.
Trisagion
Approved rendering: Святий, Святий, Святий
Transliteration: Svyatyy, Svyatyy, Svyatyy
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος
Category: Worship
The unceasing angelic acclamation of God’s absolute holiness (4:8), echoing Isaiah 6:3. Prayed aloud in every Divine Liturgy of the Orthodox and Greek Catholic traditions; a major asset requiring explicit teaching that Revelation describes the reality the liturgy already echoes, not merely quotes it decoratively.
Slain
Approved rendering: закланий
Transliteration: zaklanyy
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: убитий (generic ‘killed’; loses the sacrificial-Passover-lamb resonance)
Original: σφάζω
Category: Christology
Sacrificial-slaughter vocabulary describing the Lamb’s death (5:6, 5:9, 5:12, 13:8). This deliberately vivid, sacrificial-cultic register term must never soften to a generic ‘killed.‘
Worship Verb
Approved rendering: поклонятися
Transliteration: poklonyatysya
Doctrine: True Worship versus Idolatry
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
The book’s central verb for bowing homage, used identically of true worship (God/the Lamb, chs. 4-5, 7, 11, 14, 15) and false worship (the dragon/beast, 9:20, 13:4,8,12,15) and even mistakenly of an angel (19:10, 22:9, explicitly refused). Moral force depends entirely on grammatical object; must be tracked explicitly at every occurrence, especially ch. 13’s ‘they worshiped the beast.‘
Seal Of God
Approved rendering: печатка
Transliteration: pechatka
Doctrine: The Seal of God and the Mark of the Beast
Rejected alternatives: ніколи не використовувати ту саму лексику, що й знак звіра
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Judgment
God’s protective ownership-mark on his servants (7:2-8, 9:4), distinct from the beast’s mark. Must be kept in explicit contrast with знак звіра; the two marks are the book’s central either/or of ultimate allegiance and must never share vocabulary.
Great Multitude
Approved rendering: велике множество
Transliteration: velyke mnozhestvo
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles, Consummated
Original: ὄχλος πολύς
Category: Church
The uncountable multitude ‘from every nation, tribe, people, and language’ (7:9; also 19:1, 19:6). Inherits the baseline’s Critical universality-claim caution; must retain full, unqualified scope.
Mystery
Approved rendering: тайна (Scripture citation) / таємниця (exposition)
Transliteration: tayna / tayemnytsya
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: містеріон (unattested transliteration; would be unintelligible)
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
God’s hidden plan now disclosed (10:7) and the hidden meaning of the vision’s symbols now explained (17:5, 17:7). тайна is also the standard term for the Sacraments (Свята Тайна); register-split per the established свобода/воля convention — тайна for Scripture citation, таємниця for exposition.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: два свідки
Transliteration: dva svidky
Doctrine: Apostolic Testimony and Martyrdom
Original: δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Church
Faithful prophetic testimony maintained even unto death, then vindicated by resurrection (11:3-12). Reuses the свідок/μάρτυς distinction; teaching should model that their vindication patterns the promise to all faithful witnesses without over-specifying historical identity.
War In Heaven
Approved rendering: війна на небі
Transliteration: viyna na nebi
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict with Satan
Original: πόλεμος ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
The cosmic battle between Michael’s angels and the dragon (12:7). The literal word війна carries acute, currently-lived weight; must remain in its symbolic/heavenly register, not conflated with the reader’s own literal wartime experience, while its pastoral certainty of evil’s defeat is felt with full force.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: знак звіра
Transliteration: znak zvira
Doctrine: The Seal of God and the Mark of the Beast
Original: χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
Forced allegiance to the beast’s system (13:16-17). Must stay lexically distinct from печатка. Carries acute, currently-lived political resonance given forced Russian ‘passportization’ and identity-document coercion in occupied territories since 2014/2022; may be acknowledged pastorally without asserting direct prophetic fulfillment.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: вічне Євангеліє
Transliteration: vichne Yevanheliye
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation to All Nations
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
The one gospel proclaimed with final, universal urgency (14:6-7). Reuses baseline Євангеліє exactly; ‘eternal’ underscores urgency and finality, never a different gospel (cf. the Galatians package’s Critical another_gospel caution — this is emphatically not ‘another gospel’).
Babylon Fallen
Approved rendering: упав, упав Вавилон великий
Transliteration: upav, upav Vavylon velykyy
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and the Judgment of Babylon
Original: ἔπεσεν, ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
Proleptic (14:8) and later narrated (18:2) proclamation of the certain fall of all worldly, God-opposing systems. Вавилон must be taught as symbolic of corrupt worldly power in every generation, as ancient Rome was for the original readers, guarding against narrow identification with one contemporary nation.
Great Prostitute
Approved rendering: велика блудниця
Transliteration: velyka bludnytsya
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and the Judgment of Babylon
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
Symbol of corrupt, seductive worldly power in alliance with idolatry (17:1-6), contrasted with the pure Bride (chs. 19, 21). Must be taught explicitly as a symbolic figure for corrupt systemic power, not a literal or gendered condemnation of women or any ethnic/national group.
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: весілля Агнця
Transliteration: vesillya Ahntsya
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
The consummation of Church-as-Bride, introduced at 19:7-9 and anticipating 21:2, 9. весілля (wedding) is warm, positively resonant, everyday Ukrainian vocabulary, an asset here; reuses the Critical-risk Агнець term, requiring the same liturgical-collision care.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: вірний і істинний
Transliteration: virnyy i istynnyy
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
A recurring divine/Christological self-description (3:14, 19:11, 21:5, 22:6). ἀληθινός’s ‘genuine, ultimately real’ nuance beyond mere factual accuracy needs explicit exposition on first occurrence; must be rendered identically across every occurrence per the cross-document consistency rule.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: вогняне озеро
Transliteration: vohnyane ozero
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: λίμνη τοῦ πυρός (καὶ θείου)
Category: Judgment
Revelation’s recurring image of final judgment (19:20, 20:10, 20:14-15, 21:8). Must be handled with the same seriousness as the baseline’s Critical salvation/judgment terms; must not be flattened into folkloric ‘hellfire’ imagery.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: великий білий престол
Transliteration: velykyy bilyy prestol
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θρόνος [ὁ] μέγας [ὁ] λευκός
Category: Judgment
The final judgment scene (20:11-15). The biblical-textual root of ‘Страшний суд’ (Dread/Last Judgment) iconography; teaching should connect to that familiar tradition while balancing dread (unrepentant) and comfort (vindication of saints, per 21:1-8).
Second Death
Approved rendering: друга смерть
Transliteration: druha smert’
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
Final, eternal separation from God, distinct from ordinary physical death (2:11, 20:6, 20:14, 21:8). смерть already carries acute wartime weight; must be heard as a distinct theological category, not an intensified restatement of physical death.
Bride
Approved rendering: невіста (Scripture citation) / наречена (exposition gloss)
Transliteration: nevista / narechena
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
The central image for Church-as-Bride, first prepared and adorned (21:2), later shown as the city itself (21:9-10), finally speaking with the Spirit (22:17). невіста is archaic/elevated in everyday modern Ukrainian, largely displaced by наречена; supply наречена as bridging gloss on first occurrence while retaining невіста for Scripture register.
Tabernacle Dwelling
Approved rendering: оселя (exposition) / скинія (OT-echo register)
Transliteration: osel’a / skyniya
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: σκηνή
Category: Eschatology
God’s presence permanently dwelling among his people (21:3), echoing the OT wilderness Tabernacle and John 1:14. The OT tabernacle resonance (скинія) is essential background many readers will lack; оселя alone risks sounding merely domestic. Supply скинія explicitly in teaching notes.
His Peoples
Approved rendering: народи Його
Transliteration: narody Yoho
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles, Consummated
Original: λαοὶ αὐτοῦ
Category: Church
The plural ‘peoples’ (21:3) echoing the ingathering of Jew and Gentile into one covenant family from every nation. Must not be smoothed into a flattened singular ‘народ’ that could obscure the all-nations scope or read as supersessionist erasure.
Death Personified
Approved rendering: смерть
Transliteration: smert’
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάνατος
Category: Eschatology
Death as a defeated hostile power, finally and permanently ended (21:4; cf. 1:18, 20:14). Given the acute, current, literal weight of death in wartime Ukraine, this promise must be handled with pastoral gravity, presented as certain eschatological hope, not a premature claim about present circumstances.
Freely As A Gift
Approved rendering: даром
Transliteration: darom
Doctrine: Grace as the Book’s Final Word
Rejected alternatives: дарма (Galatians 2:21, ‘in vain’ — a different word with a different sense; must not be confused despite superficial similarity)
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
Final salvation offered without cost or merit (21:6; cf. 22:17). Must be explicitly cross-referenced to the baseline’s Critical grace doctrine so it is not read as a reward earned through the perseverance of ‘the one who overcomes’ in the immediately following verse.
Inherit
Approved rendering: успадкує
Transliteration: uspadkuye
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance, Consummated
Original: κληρονομήσει
Category: Salvation
Full inheritance rights realized, not merely promised (21:7). Inherits the baseline’s acute wartime-orphans sensitivity; should be framed as completion of sonship already given, not a separate additional reward.
Cowardly
Approved rendering: малодушні / боязливі
Transliteration: malodushni / boyazlivi
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: δειλοῖς
Category: Sin
Apostasy under pressure — abandoning the faith to escape persecution (21:8), the negative mirror-image of the overcomer. Must be handled with pastoral care distinguishing spiritual apostasy from ordinary human fear/trauma experienced by real people living through war.
Sorcerers
Approved rendering: чарівники
Transliteration: charivnyky
Doctrine: True Worship versus Idolatry
Original: φαρμάκοις
Category: Sin
Sorcerers/magicians, users of potions and spells (21:8, 22:15; cf. 9:21). Must be taught to clearly include contemporary occult/folk-magic practice (fortune-telling, spell-craft, psychic consultation), extending the baseline’s forbidden-substitution caution around екстрасенс/ворожбит — a persistent post-Soviet folk-cultural category, not an archaic one.
Bride Wife Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: невіста, дружина Агнця
Transliteration: nevista, druzhyna Ahntsya
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ἡ νύμφη, ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
The full unveiling of Church-as-Bride’s climactic image (21:9), the city itself shown as bride (21:10). Reuses невіста and Агнець; дружина (‘wife,’ modern standard Ukrainian) is a warm modern-register complement to невіста’s elevated register.
Twelve Gates Tribes Apostles
Approved rendering: дванадцять брам…дванадцять колін…дванадцять апостолів
Transliteration: dvanadtsyat’ bram…dvanadtsyat’ kolin…dvanadtsyat’ apostoliv
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles, Consummated
Original: δώδεκα πυλῶνες…δώδεκα φυλῶν…δώδεκα ἀποστόλων
Category: Church
The city’s structure (21:12-14) uniting OT Israel (twelve tribes) and the NT Church (twelve apostles). Reuses the baseline’s Critical Unity of Jews and Gentiles caution; апостол reuses the baseline term exactly.
Kings Bring Their Glory
Approved rendering: царі землі приносять до нього свою славу
Transliteration: tsari zemli prynosyat’ do n’oho svoyu slavu
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation to All Nations
Original: οἱ βασιλεῖς…φέρουσιν τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν εἰς αὐτήν
Category: Eschatology
The nations’ redeemed diversity gathered into worship, glory brought as tribute (21:24-26). Reuses слава’s patriotic-resonance caution; teaching should affirm that legitimate national/cultural identity is taken up into, not erased by, this worship.
Medium Risk Terms
Covenant
Approved rendering: завіт
Transliteration: zavit
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise (echo)
Rejected alternatives: договір, угода
Original: διαθήκη (implied via σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, ark/testimony echoes)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Echoed via the ark of the covenant glimpsed in the heavenly temple (11:19) and the tabernacle-of-testimony imagery (15:5); requires OT covenant-background exposition for readers whose Bible exposure is primarily liturgical excerpts.
Calling
Approved rendering: покликані
Transliteration: poklykani
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: запрошені
Original: κλητοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Named among the Lamb’s companions as ‘the called, chosen, and faithful’ at 17:14; context-sensitive per the baseline’s established caution against доля/фатум (fate) substitution.
Apostle
Approved rendering: апостол
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Apostolic Testimony and Martyrdom
Rejected alternatives: посланець, проповідник
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Tested against false claimants at Ephesus (2:2) and named among the New Jerusalem’s twelve foundations (21:14), joining the twelve tribes in a single architectural image uniting OT and NT people of God.
Revelation Book Title
Approved rendering: Одкровення
Transliteration: Odkrovennya
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: Апокаліпсис (secular loanword in modern Ukrainian meaning ‘catastrophe’; misdirects toward disaster connotations rather than the book’s genre of unveiling)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
Established Ohienko title (‘Одкровення Івана Богослова’). Risk parallels the baseline’s Євангеліє book-title flattening: the term can default to ‘the last, strange book’ rather than a genuine unveiling of Christ’s present and future reign (1:1).
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Син Людський
Transliteration: Syn Lyuds’kyy
Doctrine: Christology
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
The exalted, ruling, judging figure of Daniel 7:13, applied to the risen Christ (1:13, 14:14). Requires the Daniel 7 background to be supplied so the title’s ruling/judging force, not mere humanity, is heard.
Keys Of Death Hades
Approved rendering: ключі смерті й аду
Transliteration: klyuchi smerti y adu
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign and the Intermediate State
Original: κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου
Category: Christology
Christ’s total authority over death and the realm of the dead (1:18; cf. 20:13-14). ад (Hades) must be distinguished from popular folk conceptions of ‘hell’ as identical to the final lake of fire (20:14-15); Hades is the intermediate state, not the final judgment.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: скорбота / утиск
Transliteration: skorbota / utysk
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Church
Pressure, affliction, distress endured for the faith (2:9-10, 2:22, 7:14). Resonates strongly, and appropriately, with a wartime readership’s lived experience; care is needed that this resonance deepens rather than replaces the text’s specific reference to suffering for the faith.
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: вінець
Transliteration: vinets’
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: στέφανος
Category: Church
The victor’s wreath/garland for faithful endurance (2:10, 3:11, 4:4, 4:10), distinct from a ruling diadem. вінець also carries a marriage-crown association in Orthodox liturgical practice (шлюбний вінець), a mild resonance usefully connecting perseverance’s reward to the Bride-of-Christ imagery of chs. 19-22 if made explicit.
Diadem
Approved rendering: діадема
Transliteration: diadema
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: вінець (a distinct word for the victor’s wreath; never conflate)
Original: διάδημα
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
A royal ruling crown worn by the dragon (12:3), the beast (13:1), and, climactically and in far greater number, by Christ himself (19:12, ‘many diadems’). Must stay lexically distinct from вінець so the contrast between the beast’s counterfeit royal claim and Christ’s true, superior authority is not flattened.
Hidden Manna White Stone
Approved rendering: скрита манна, білий камінь
Transliteration: skryta manna, bilyy kamin’
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μάννα κεκρυμμένον, ψῆφος λευκή
Category: Church
Obscure ancient images (2:17) of intimate, personal reward and new identity given by Christ. Genuinely obscure imagery requiring historical-background exposition (ancient acquittal tokens/personal amulets) rather than lexical risk.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: книга життя
Transliteration: knyha zhyttya
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Judgment
The record of those who belong to God, decisive at the final judgment (3:5, 13:8, 17:8, 20:12, 20:15, 21:27). Ensure identical rendering across all six occurrences per the cross-document consistency rule.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: теплий / байдужий
Transliteration: teplyy / bayduzhyy
Doctrine: The Church Addressed and Tested
Original: χλιαρός
Category: Sanctification
Laodicea’s spiritual condition (3:16) — the most severe rebuke of the seven churches. теплий alone sounds positive in ordinary Ukrainian; pair with, or prefer, байдужий (‘indifferent’) to capture the negative force intended.
Worthy
Approved rendering: достойний
Transliteration: dostoynyy
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
The repeated acclamation of the Lamb’s worthiness to open the scroll and receive worship (5:2, 5:4, 5:9, 5:12). достойно is also a liturgical exclamation at Orthodox/Greek Catholic ordination rites; a helpful resonance provided the specific worthiness in view (the Lamb’s sacrificial death and resurrection) stays explicit.
Scroll Seven Seals
Approved rendering: книга, запечатана сімома печатками
Transliteration: knyha, zapechatana simoma pechatkamy
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: βιβλίον…ἑπτὰ σφραγῖσιν
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
The scroll containing God’s sovereign plan for history, opened only by the worthy Lamb (5:1-9). печатка is reused with a distinct referent at 7:2’s ‘seal of God’ on believers; the two must not be confused in teaching material.
Serve Latreuo
Approved rendering: служити
Transliteration: sluzhyty
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Worship
Priestly/cultic service, distinct from поклонятися’s bowing-homage sense (7:15, 22:3). Should be distinguished in teaching as a related but distinct dimension of worship, both fulfilled eternally in the New Jerusalem.
Souls Under The Altar
Approved rendering: душі під жертовником
Transliteration: dushi pid zhertovnykom
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ψυχαὶ ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου
Category: Judgment
The martyred faithful’s cry for vindication (6:9-10). жертовник (altar) is standard; must be kept distinct from престол (throne) to avoid confusing two different pieces of heavenly-scene furniture.
How Long O Lord
Approved rendering: доки, Владико?
Transliteration: doky, Vladyko?
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἕως πότε, ὁ δεσπότης
Category: Judgment
The martyrs’ unanswered cry (6:10) for God to act. δεσπότης rendered Владико carries an elevated liturgical register distinct from Господь (kyrios) and must not be substituted with a more common word that would erase this distinction.
White Robes
Approved rendering: білі одежі
Transliteration: bili odezhi
Doctrine: Holiness and Purity of the Redeemed
Original: στολαὶ λευκαί
Category: Church
Symbol of purity and vindication granted, not achieved, by the redeemed (6:11, 7:9, 7:14, ‘washed in the blood of the Lamb’). Standard purity/vindication imagery.
Great Tribulation
Approved rendering: велика скорбота
Transliteration: velyka skorbota
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἡ θλῖψις ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Church
The climactic period/intensity of suffering endured by the redeemed multitude (7:14). Requires careful, non-partisan framing given differing millennial/tribulation views across Ukraine’s Orthodox, Greek Catholic, and Protestant traditions.
Incense Prayers Of Saints
Approved rendering: ладан / молитви святих
Transliteration: ladan / molytvy svyatykh
Doctrine: The Intercessory Prayer of the Saints
Original: θυμίαμα…προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Church
The saints’ prayers pictured as incense rising before God (5:8, 8:3-4), directly preceding and provoking judgment. ладан carries strong weekly liturgical resonance, an asset provided святих reuses the baseline’s caution that this means all believers, not a canonized elite whose intercession (заступництво) is a distinct devotional category.
Abyss
Approved rendering: безодня
Transliteration: bezodnya
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: бездна (Russian-cognate-leaning; prefer the Ukrainian-rooted form)
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
The prison/origin of demonic forces (9:1-2, 9:11, 11:7, 17:8, 20:1-3). Prefer безодня over бездна, consistent with the baseline’s general preference for Ukrainian-specific forms over Russicisms.
Great City
Approved rendering: велике місто
Transliteration: velyke misto
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
Named symbolically ‘Sodom and Egypt’ (11:8), a deliberately composite label. Must be explicitly taught as symbolic/composite naming, not literal geography, modeling responsible apocalyptic reading method.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: лжепророк
Transliteration: lzheprorok
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
The ‘beast from the earth’ (13:11), later explicitly named (16:13, 19:20, 20:10). Reuses the established лже- prefix pattern (лжебрати, Galatians); standard and unambiguous.
Number Of The Beast
Approved rendering: число звіра, 666
Transliteration: chyslo zvira, 666
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου, χξς΄
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
A symbolic number requiring careful, non-speculative interpretation (13:18). Risk is mainly pastoral/methodological — avoiding sensationalized numerological speculation, a temptation across post-Soviet popular religious culture.
Winepress Of Wrath
Approved rendering: точило гніву Божого
Transliteration: tochylo hnivu Bozhoho
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
Vivid harvest-judgment imagery (14:19-20). Exposition should distinguish God’s righteous judicial wrath (гнів) from human vengeful anger, especially relevant given wartime discourse about justified anger toward an aggressor.
Song Of Moses And Lamb
Approved rendering: пісня Мойсея і пісня Агнця
Transliteration: pisnya Moyseya i pisnya Ahntsya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾠδὴ Μωυσέος…καὶ ᾠδὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Worship
Joins the Exodus deliverance song with worship of the Lamb (15:3-4). Reuses Агнець; requires OT Exodus background for full force.
Tabernacle Of Testimony
Approved rendering: скинія свідчення
Transliteration: skyniya svidchennya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου
Category: Worship
The heavenly temple pictured in OT tabernacle terms (15:5). Reuses σκηνή (see tabernacle_dwelling) and μαρτυρία (see testimony_witness), tying the heavenly scene explicitly to the OT tabernacle pattern.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: Армагеддон
Transliteration: Armaheddon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
The symbolic gathering-place of final cosmic battle (16:16). Now-widespread secular/pop-cultural usage (‘any catastrophic conflict’) may obscure Revelation’s specific meaning; brief exposition recommended.
Kings Of The Earth
Approved rendering: царі землі
Transliteration: tsari zemli
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
Worldly rulers in complicit alliance with corrupt power (6:15, 16:14, 17:2, 17:12-18, 18:9), later shown bringing their glory to the New Jerusalem (21:24). Must be distinguished from Christ’s own righteous kingship (19:16) despite the shared Ukrainian root царі/Царство.
Merchants Mourn
Approved rendering: купці плачуть і ридають
Transliteration: kuptsi plachut’ i rydayut’
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and the Judgment of Babylon
Original: ἔμποροι…κλαίουσιν καὶ πενθοῦσιν
Category: Judgment
Economic and political complicity in corrupt systems judged alongside the systems themselves (18:11-19). No significant lexical risk; pastoral opportunity to connect to contemporary concerns about exploitation and war profiteering without over-specifying a modern application.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: Слово Боже
Transliteration: Slovo Bozhe
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
A Christological title (19:13) echoing John 1:1, tying Revelation’s Christology to the baseline’s established incarnation/Sonship doctrines. Standard, well-established across all traditions.
Satan Bound
Approved rendering: сатана зв’язаний
Transliteration: satana zv’yazanyy
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὁ Σατανᾶς δεδεμένος
Category: Eschatology
Christ’s decisive, already-secured restraint of the ultimate enemy (20:2-3). Grounds assurance in an act already accomplished, whatever one’s millennial framework.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: перше воскресіння
Transliteration: pershe voskresinnya
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign and the Intermediate State
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
The resurrection distinguished from the general resurrection at the final judgment (20:4-6). Reuses воскресіння exactly; the qualifier ‘first’ is the interpretively loaded element tied to the millennial debate.
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: Гог і Магог
Transliteration: Hoh i Mahoh
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
Symbolic names (Ezekiel 38-39) for climactic, final rebellion against God, immediately and decisively defeated (20:7-9). Requires the same interpretive caution as the Beast/Babylon against over-specific geopolitical identification.
New Qualitative
Approved rendering: новий
Transliteration: novyy
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
Qualitatively new (καινός), distinct from mere chronological newness (νέος) — used of the new heaven/earth (21:1), new song (5:9, 14:3), new name (3:12), and Christ’s declaration (21:5). Ukrainian новий carries no lexical distinction; exposition required every eschatologically loaded occurrence.
Holy City New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: святе місто, новий Єрусалим
Transliteration: svyate misto, novyy Yerusalym
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἡ πόλις ἡ ἁγία…Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Eschatology
The eschatological, heavenly counterpart to earthly Jerusalem, descending from God (21:2, 21:10). святий reuses the baseline’s canonized-saints caution; modifying a city reduces but does not eliminate the risk.
Throne
Approved rendering: престол
Transliteration: prestol
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
God’s heavenly seat of sovereign, judicial authority (1:4, 4:2-10, 5:1-13, 21:3, 21:5, and throughout). престол is also the standard term for the altar table itself in Orthodox/Greek Catholic sanctuaries (Святий Престол); first-occurrence clarification is mandatory that this is God’s seat of rule, not an altar furnishing.
Will Dwell
Approved rendering: буде перебувати / оселиться
Transliteration: bude perebuvaty / oselytsya
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: σκηνώσει
Category: Eschatology
God’s own permanent, embodied presence with his people (21:3), not a temporary visitation. Must not flatten to a generic ‘will be with them’ that loses the tabernacle-dwelling image.
Wipe Away
Approved rendering: витре
Transliteration: vytre
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἐξαλείψει
Category: Eschatology
God’s intimate, personal, decisive act of ending all sorrow (21:4). Must be rendered with warm, personal, first-person-divine-action force, not a passive/impersonal construction.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: Здійснилося! / Сталося!
Transliteration: Zdiysnylosya! / Stalosya!
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Γέγοναν
Category: God
God’s declaration of history’s accomplished, certain outcome (21:6; cf. 16:17). Should be rendered with declarative, finished-action force, echoing John 19:30’s ‘Звершилося!’ which many readers will recognize.
Making All Things New
Approved rendering: Я творю все нове
Transliteration: Ya tvoryu vse nove
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα
Category: Eschatology
God’s ongoing, decisive act of cosmic re-creation (21:5), present tense — already underway. Should echo established нове творіння vocabulary from the Galatians package without collapsing this verse’s cosmic scope into only the individual-believer sense.
Spring Of Water Of Life
Approved rendering: джерело води життя
Transliteration: dzherelo vody zhyttya
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
Eternal, satisfying life freely offered (21:6), echoing John 4 and Isaiah 55, extended into the river of 22:1-2. Standard and clear; briefly supply the OT/Gospel intertextual background.
Son Believers
Approved rendering: син
Transliteration: syn
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance, Consummated
Original: υἱός
Category: Salvation
The believer’s sonship, publicly confirmed and completed at the end (21:7). Note for exposition: this is the visible completion of an existing status, not a status earned by overcoming.
Unbelieving
Approved rendering: невірні
Transliteration: nevirni
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἀπίστοις
Category: Faith
The absence of trust in Christ, not merely intellectual doubt (21:8). Reuses baseline віра root; keep distinguished from confessional-identity senses already flagged for faith.
Sexually Immoral
Approved rendering: розпусники
Transliteration: rozpusnyky
Doctrine: Sin
Original: πόρνοις
Category: Sin
Sexually immoral persons (21:8, 22:15), masculine form corresponding to the πόρνη of Babylon (chs. 17-19). Should be recognized as thematically linked to Babylon/harlot imagery; note the shared root in teaching material.
Liars
Approved rendering: лжеці / всі неправдиві
Transliteration: lzhetsi / vsi nepravdyvi
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ψευδέσιν
Category: Sin
Falsehood generally, contrasting directly with God’s own self-description at 21:5 as faithful and true (21:8, 22:15). Reuses the established лже- prefix pattern (лжебрати).
No Temple
Approved rendering: храму я не побачив у ньому
Transliteration: khramu ya ne pobachyv u n’omu
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ
Category: Eschatology
The absence of a temple (21:22) because God and the Lamb are themselves the city’s temple. Requires exposition connecting to the tabernacle-dwelling theme of 21:3, not a devaluation of present-day church buildings, which remain valued across all Ukrainian traditions.
River Of Water Of Life
Approved rendering: річка води життя
Transliteration: richka vody zhyttya
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
Eden’s river (Genesis 2) restored and surpassed (22:1-2). Reuses 21:6’s джерело imagery; requires the Genesis 2/Eden background for full force.
Servants Worship Serve
Approved rendering: будуть служити Йому
Transliteration: budut’ sluzhyty Yomu
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ
Category: Worship
The redeemed pictured as a worshiping, serving priesthood forever (22:3). служити should be distinguished in teaching from поклонятися; the two verbs name related but distinct dimensions of worship, both fulfilled eternally here.
Low Risk Terms
Christ
Approved rendering: Христос
Transliteration: Khrystos
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package’s transliteration standards list. Standard, established form throughout Revelation (1:1-2, 1:5, 11:15, 12:10, 20:4, 20:6); no significant drift risk on its own.
Angel
Approved rendering: ангел
Transliteration: anhel
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
Heavenly messenger, appearing constantly throughout Revelation delivering visions, judgments, and revelation. Standard, uncontested across all Ukrainian traditions.
Lampstands
Approved rendering: світильники
Transliteration: svityl’nyky
Doctrine: The Church Addressed and Tested
Original: λυχνίαι
Category: Church
The seven lampstands representing the seven churches (1:12, 1:20), echoing the OT Temple menorah; associates the Church with the locus of God’s presence and witness-light.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: дерево життя
Transliteration: derevo zhyttya
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
The Edenic tree, promised to the overcomer (2:7) and shown fully restored, bearing continual fruit for the healing of the nations (22:2, 22:14). Ties the doctrine to Genesis 2-3 without significant lexical risk.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: зірка ранкова
Transliteration: zirka rankova
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
Promised to the overcomer (2:28), identified with Christ himself (22:16) — a messianic self-designation. Keep consistent between its two occurrences.
Open Door
Approved rendering: відкриті двері
Transliteration: vidkryti dveri
Doctrine: The Church Addressed and Tested
Original: θύρα ἀνεῳγμένη
Category: Church
Philadelphia’s opportunity for witness (3:8) and Christ’s invitation to Laodicea (3:20) — mission opportunity and personal invitation respectively; context-dependent.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: двадцять четверо старців
Transliteration: dvadtsyat’ chetvero startsiv
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Worship
Represent the redeemed people of God (OT and NT, 12+12) enthroned in perpetual worship (4:4, 4:10, 5:8, 11:16, 19:4). Standard, no significant lexical risk.
Four Living Creatures
Approved rendering: чотири живі істоти
Transliteration: chotyry zhyvi istoty
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: τέσσαρα ζῷα
Category: Worship
Cherubim/seraphim-like beings representing all creation joining in worship (4:6-9, 5:6-14, 6:1-7, 14:3, 15:7, 19:4). Standard, no significant lexical risk.
New Song
Approved rendering: нова пісня
Transliteration: nova pisnya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾠδὴ καινή
Category: Worship
The heavenly host’s worship response to the Lamb’s worthiness (5:9) and to the 144,000’s redemption (14:3). Standard, low ambiguity risk.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: труба
Transliteration: truba
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
Marks each successive stage of God’s ordered judgment (1:10, 8:2-9:14, 11:15). Standard; note the deliberate threefold seal/trumpet/bowl literary structure.
Abaddon Apollyon
Approved rendering: Аваддон / Аполліон
Transliteration: Avaddon / Apollion
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἀβαδδών / Ἀπολλύων
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
The name of the king of the demonic locust-army (9:11). Standard transliteration preserving the text’s own bilingual (Hebrew/Greek) wordplay; a defeated subordinate, not a rival sovereign.
Locusts
Approved rendering: сарана
Transliteration: sarana
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀκρίδες
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
The demonic locust-plague of judgment (9:3-11). Standard, no significant lexical risk.
Dragon
Approved rendering: дракон
Transliteration: drakon
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict with Satan
Original: δράκων
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
The dragon-serpent monster, identified explicitly as Satan/the devil (12:9). Standard; no significant native mythological collision.
Satan Devil
Approved rendering: сатана / диявол
Transliteration: satana / dyyavol
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict with Satan
Original: ὁ Σατανᾶς / ὁ διάβολος
Category: Symbolic-Apocalyptic
The ultimate personal, defeated enemy behind all persecution and deception (2:9-10, 2:13, 2:24, 12:9, 20:2, 20:7, 20:10). Standard, uncontested across all Ukrainian traditions.
Accuser
Approved rendering: обвинувач
Transliteration: obvynuvach
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ κατήγορος
Category: Judgment
Satan’s role as prosecuting accuser before God (12:10), now decisively silenced. Standard, no significant lexical risk.
Bowls Of Wrath
Approved rendering: чаші [гніву]
Transliteration: chashi [hnivu]
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: φιάλαι
Category: Judgment
The third and final judgment-cycle (chs. 15-16). Standard; note the threefold seal/trumpet/bowl structure as a deliberate literary pattern.
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: Алілуя
Transliteration: Aliluya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
The great heavenly worship-shout at Babylon’s fall and the marriage announcement (19:1, 19:3, 19:4, 19:6). Established transliteration already in the baseline’s transliteration standards list.
Sulfur
Approved rendering: сірка
Transliteration: sirka
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θεῖον
Category: Judgment
Sulfur/brimstone, associated with divine judgment on Sodom (Genesis 19), paired with the lake of fire (19:20, 20:10, 21:8). Echoes Sodom’s judgment, reinforcing the historical-covenantal character of the image.
Adorned
Approved rendering: прикрашена
Transliteration: prykrashena
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: κεκοσμημένην
Category: Church
The Church’s beauty, bestowed and prepared by God (21:2), not self-achieved. Standard; reinforces grace, not merit.
Mourning Crying Pain
Approved rendering: плач / зойк / біль
Transliteration: plach / zoyk / bil’
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πένθος / κραυγή / πόνος
Category: Eschatology
Grief, anguished outcry, and comprehensive suffering, all ended (21:4). Standard, comprehensive total-comfort imagery.
Detestable
Approved rendering: огидні
Transliteration: ohydni
Doctrine: Sin
Original: ἐβδελυγμένοις
Category: Sin
Sin as provoking God’s own moral revulsion (21:8). Standard, no significant lexical risk.
Murderers
Approved rendering: вбивці
Transliteration: vbyvtsi
Doctrine: Sin
Original: φονεῦσιν
Category: Sin
Those who commit murder (21:8). Standard, no significant lexical risk.
Idolaters
Approved rendering: ідолопоклонники
Transliteration: idolopoklonnyky
Doctrine: True Worship versus Idolatry
Original: εἰδωλολάτραις
Category: Sin
Idol-worshippers (21:8, 22:15); reinforces Worship of the Lamb by negative contrast. Standard, no significant lexical risk.
Referenced passages