Core Glossary
Core Glossary — English → Dogri | Hebrews 1–13
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline dogri Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Section 1 lists baseline terms reused unchanged in Hebrews. Section 2 is the full glossary of NEW terms surfaced by Hebrews, organized by first chapter of appearance, ready for promotion into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in a subsequent Phase 1 step. Section 3 lists proper nouns requiring confirmation. Section 4 summarizes the cross-cutting Duggar-specific risk themes this glossary guards against.
Section 1 — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly in Hebrews
| English term | Dogri (baseline, unchanged) | Risk (baseline) | Key Hebrews occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | परमेश्वर | Critical | Throughout |
| Jesus | यीशु | Critical | Throughout |
| Messiah/Christ | मसीह | Critical | Throughout |
| Lord | प्रभु | Critical | 1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 8:2,8-11; 13:20 |
| Son of God | परमेश्वर दा पुत्तर | Critical | 1:2-8; 4:14; 5:5,8; 7:3,28 |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्तर आत्मा | Critical | 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8,14; 10:15,29 |
| Father | पिता | Critical | 1:5; 12:7-9 |
| Incarnation | मानखे दा रूप लैना | Critical | 2:14 (implicit); 5:7 |
| Resurrection | मुर्दघरा चा जिंदा होना | Critical | 6:2; 11:35; 13:20 |
| Salvation | उद्धार | Critical | 1:14; 2:3,10; 5:9; 6:9; 9:28; 11:7 |
| Grace | बिना कमाई दित्ती दया | Critical | 4:16; 10:29; 12:15,28; 13:9,25 |
| Faith | भरोसा | High | 4:2; 6:1,12; 10:38-39; 11:1-40; 13:7 |
| Righteousness | धरमीपन | Critical | 1:9; 5:13; 7:2; 11:7,33; 12:11,23 |
| Holy / Sanctification | पवित्तर / पवित्तरता | High | 2:11; 6:4; 9:13-14; 10:10,14,29; 12:14; 13:12 |
| Covenant | नियम | High | 7:22; 8:6-13; 9:4,15-20; 10:16,29; 12:24; 13:20 |
| Law | व्यवस्था | High | 7:5,12,16,19,28; 8:4,10; 9:19,22; 10:1,8,28 |
| Sin | पाप | High | 1:3; 2:17; 3:13; 4:15; 9:26,28; 10:2-26; 12:1,4; 13:11 |
| Glory | महिमा | High | 1:3; 2:7,9-10; 3:3 |
| Calling / Called | सद्द / सद्देआ होया | High | 3:1; 9:15; 11:8 |
| Apostle | भेजेआ होया | Medium | 3:1 |
| Church | कलीसिया | Medium | 2:12; 12:23 |
| Kingdom of God | परमेश्वर दा राज्य | Medium | 1:8; 12:28 |
| Peace | शान्ति | Medium | 7:2; 12:14; 13:20 |
| Fellowship | संगत | Low | 13:16 |
| Intercession | बिचाल्ले होइयै बिनती | Medium | 7:25; 9:24 |
| Adoption (sonship of believers) | गोद लैने आह् पुत्तर बनाना | High | 2:10; 12:5-8 |
| David | दाऊद | Medium | 4:7 |
| Israel | इस्राएल | Medium | 8:8,10; 11:22 |
| Gentiles | गैर-यहूदी | Medium | (background, not a major theme) |
| Power of God | परमेश्वर दी सामर्थ | High | 1:3; 6:5; 7:16 |
| Obedience (of faith) | भरोसे कन्नै ताल्लुक रखदी मन्नता | High | 5:8 (distinct nuance — Christ’s own learned obedience; see 07 §Ch.5) |
Note: No baseline term is altered, renamed, or contradicted anywhere in this glossary.
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by Hebrews
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Dogri rendering (transliteration) | Risk | Doctrine | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| priest | ἱερεύς (hiereus) | याजक (yajak) | Critical | Great High Priest | पुरोहित, पंडित (both name the Brahmin priestly office at Raghunath Mandir; caste-coded, never use) | Base term underlying “high priest.” Confirm against BSI Dogri Bible for settled form. |
| high priest | ἀρχιερεύς (archiereus) | महायाजक / प्रधान याजक (mahayajak / pradhan yajak) | Critical | Christ as Great High Priest | महाराजा-style honorific (never; conflates priestly and royal-dynastic office) | Central term of the whole book (1:11-28 core passage; 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25; 10:21). Christ’s high priesthood is unique and final, not one office within the existing local priestly hierarchy. |
| priesthood (office) | ἱερωσύνη (hierōsynē) | याजकपन (yajakpan) | Critical | Christ as Great High Priest / Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | — | Formed with the -पन suffix pattern already established in baseline धरमीपन, for internal glossary consistency. |
| sacrifice | θυσία (thysia) | बलिदान (balidaan) | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | बलि (bali — the everyday word for ritual offering to a deity, as practiced at Bahu Fort’s Kali shrine; never use as primary term) | Must also be explicitly distinguished in teaching notes from Baba Jitto’s local folk-martyr बलिदान (self-sacrifice in social protest) — genuinely honorable, but not vicarious atonement for sin before God. |
| blood (sacrificial/atoning) | αἷμα (haima) | लहू (lahu) | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God through Christ’s Blood | खून (reserve for ordinary/non-sacrificial “blood”) | Confirm register split (लहू vs खून) against BSI Dogri Bible. |
| shedding of blood | αἱματεκχυσία (haimatekchysia) | लहू बहाना (lahu bahana) | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | — | Rare compound coined for Heb 9:22; render forcefully, not as a routine ritual detail. |
| tent / tabernacle | σκηνή (skēnē) | तंबू / पवित्तर तंबू (tambu / pavittar tambu) | Medium | Christ as Great High Priest | मंदर (temple; already forbidden by baseline for “church,” extend the same prohibition here) | Heavenly sanctuary “not made with hands” — must not read as a superior version of local temple architecture. |
| the holy places / Holy of Holies | τὰ ἅγια / τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων | पवित्तर थार् / सारें तों पवित्तर जगा | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | — | Contrast intentionally with permanently restricted temple inner sanctums (e.g. Raghunath Mandir); Christ opens what remained closed. |
| mercy seat | ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion) | दया दी गद्दी (daya di gaddi) | Critical | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God through Christ’s Blood | कोई भी देवी/देवता दी गद्दी-प्रकार दा अनुवाद (never render with imagery evoking an enthroned deity-image approached for boons, as at Vaishno Devi/Bahu Fort) | Heb 9:5. Single highest-stakes new term in the book; flag for mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| once for all | ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ (hapax / ephapax) | इक्को बारी सदा आस्तै (ikko baari sada aastai) | Critical | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | कई बारी-style repeatable framing (never) | The book’s central structural phrase (9:12,26,28; 10:10). Must sharply oppose any repeatable-ritual logic, including the mannat (vow-and-offering) economy and repeatable Kali-shrine blood offerings. |
| eternal | αἰώνιος (aiōnios) | अनन्त (anant) | Medium | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; New Covenant | — | Clarify as everlasting sufficiency of Christ’s finished work, not a philosophical claim about cosmic eternality (avoid conflation with Vedantic eternal-soul concepts). |
| redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις / λύτρωσις | छुटकारा (chhutkara) | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | मुक्ति (never — already reserved by baseline for forbidden “liberation from rebirth” sense) | Release from sin’s bondage through a price paid, not liberation from samsara. |
| mediator | μεσίτης (mesitēs) | बिचाल्ले खड़ोतेआ (bichalle khadotea) | Critical | New Covenant versus Old; Access to God through Christ’s Blood | बिचौलिया (broker/middleman — carries commercial/transactional connotation, never use) | Christ is the sole, sufficient mediator — not one intermediary among purohits or folk intercessory figures such as Baba Jitto. |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη (kainē diathēkē) | नंवां नियम (nawan niyam) | High | New Covenant versus Old | समझौता-style negotiated-treaty framing (never; already excluded by baseline’s “covenant” entry) | Must not evoke the historic 1846 Treaty of Amritsar or any dynastic political treaty. |
| old / first covenant | παλαιά / πρώτη διαθήκη | पुराणा नियम (purana niyam) | Medium | New Covenant versus Old | — | Teach as fulfilled and superseded, not false or evil. |
| purification (ritual, of flesh) | καθαρίζω / καθαρισμός (limited sense) | शुद्ध करना (shuddh karna) | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | — | EXCEPTIONAL, deliberate use of शुद्ध, normally reserved by baseline as the forbidden ritual-purity term for “holy.” Correct here ONLY because Heb 9:13 itself describes the OT system’s limited, external effect. Must never be used for v.14’s deeper cleansing. |
| purification (of conscience) | καθαρίζω (deeper sense) | पवित्तर करना (pavittar karna) | Critical | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God through Christ’s Blood | शुद्ध करना (reserved above for the OT ritual sense only) | Heb 9:14. The book’s key rhetorical escalation (“how much more”) depends on this being visibly different from शुद्ध करना. |
| conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | अंतरात्मा (antaratma) | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | — | Clarify as the moral faculty of self-judgment before God, distinct from the Vedantic Ātman (universal Self). |
| to serve / worship (cultic) | λατρεύω (latreuō) | सेवा करना (sewa karna) | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | — | सेवा carries strong positive Sikh/Punjabi/Dogri resonance; clarify as devoted worship of the living God, not temple/shrine सेवा. |
| forgiveness (of sins) | ἄφεσις (aphesis) | पाप दी माफी (paap di maafi) | Medium | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | — | Per baseline’s justification note, माफी alone must never substitute for धर्मी ठहराए जाना in forensic-justification contexts; correct here in a plain forgiveness-of-sins sense. |
| copy / pattern | ὑπόδειγμα / ἀντίτυπος | नमूना (namuna) | Medium | New Covenant versus Old | माया-framed “illusion” language (never) | The earthly tabernacle was a true but preliminary pattern, not an unreal appearance. |
| shadow | σκιά (skia) | परछावां (parchhawan) | Medium | New Covenant versus Old | माया (never) | Heb 8:5; 10:1. |
| judgment | κρίσις (krisis) | न्याय (nyay) | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Perseverance and Assurance | कर्म फल-style karmic framing (never) | Personal, moral, final divine assessment, not impersonal karmic cause-and-effect. |
| offer (a sacrifice) | προσφέρω (prospherō) | चढ़ाना (chadhana) | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | — | Must be paired with बलिदान so that Christ is understood as both priest and victim in one person. |
| bear the sins of many | ἀναφέρειν ἁμαρτίας | बऱ्यां लोकां दे पाप चुकाना (bahryan lokan de paap chukana) | Critical | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Merely exemplary/sympathetic renderings (never) | Substitutionary bearing, not mere sympathetic identification. |
| priesthood order (Melchizedek) | τάξις (taxis) | क्रम (kram) | Medium | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | रीत (avoid; too close to baseline’s flagged रीत-रिवाज custom-language) | — |
| without genealogy | ἀγενεαλόγητος (agenealogētos) | वंश-रुक्ख बिना (vansh-rukkh bina) | High | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | — | Directly challenges Dogra Rajput lineage-based (izzat) legitimacy logic; teach as a positive point, not softened. |
| tithe | δεκάτη (dekatē) | दसवां हिस्सा (daswan hissa) | Low | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | — | — |
| guarantor / surety | ἔγγυος (engyos) | जामन (jaman) | Medium | New Covenant versus Old | — | Christ guarantees the better covenant. |
| unchangeable | ἀμετάθετος (ametathetos) | ना बदलने वाला (na badalne wala) | Low-Medium | New Covenant versus Old; Perseverance and Assurance | — | — |
| perfect / to perfect | τέλειος / τελειόω (teleios / teleioō) | सम्पूरन बनाना (sampooran banana) | Critical | Christ as Great High Priest; Perseverance and Assurance | सिद्ध, सिद्धि (siddh/siddhi — never; denotes yogic/ascetic self-attained spiritual perfection through personal austerity, the earned-merit framework baseline’s grace entry already forbids) | Recurs 2:10; 5:9; 7:28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23. Must always be relational/positional (Christ’s finished work), never self-achieved. |
| perfecter | τελειωτής (teleiōtēs) | सम्पूरन करने वाला (sampooran karne wala) | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | सिद्ध-based terms (never) | Heb 12:2, paired with founder (ἀρχηγός). |
| founder / pioneer | ἀρχηγός (archēgos) | शुरू करने वाला / रस्ता बनाने वाला (shuru karne wala / rasta banane wala) | Medium | Christ as Great High Priest; Perseverance and Assurance | — | Heb 2:10; 12:2. |
| forerunner | πρόδρομος (prodromos) | अग्गे जाने वाला (agge jaane wala) | Low-Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | — | Heb 6:20. |
| taste death | γεύομαι θανάτου (idiom) | मौत भोगणा (maut bhogna) | Medium | Christ as Great High Priest | Literal “taste” calque if unnatural | Idiom-handling rule applies: translate meaning plainly. |
| to sympathize | συμπαθέω (sympatheō) | हमदर्दी करना (hamdardi karna) | Medium | Christ as Great High Priest | — | Heb 2:18; 4:15; 10:34. Warm, relational register appropriate. |
| house (of God/Moses/Christ) | οἶκος (oikos) | घर / परिवार (ghar / parivar) | Medium | Superiority over Moses | — | Heb 3:2-6. |
| faithful (adj.) | πιστός (pistos) | भरोसेमंद (bharosemand) | Medium | Superiority over Moses; Faith of the OT Saints | — | Built on baseline भरोसा for consistency. |
| to harden (the heart) | σκληρύνω (sklērynō) | दिल सखत करना (dil sakht karna) | High | Danger of Apostasy | — | Heb 3:8,13,15; 4:7. |
| unbelief | ἀπιστία (apistia) | बे-भरोसगी (be-bharosgi) | High | Danger of Apostasy | — | Direct antonym of baseline भरोसा. |
| to fall away / depart | ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi) | परमेश्वर तों दूर हो जाना (Parmeshwar ton door ho jaana) | Critical | Danger of Apostasy | Casual “backsliding” language; shrine-switching framing (never) | Heb 3:12. Decisive, culpable departure — not mere lapse or a shift of shrine allegiance. |
| rest | κατάπαυσις (katapausis) | परमेश्वर दा अराम (Parmeshwar da araam) | Critical | Perseverance and Assurance | मुक्ति/निर्वाण-style liberation-from-rebirth framing (never); mere holiday/leisure rest (avoid as primary sense) | Central to Heb 3-4. Promised, covenantal, relational rest with God, not cyclical-liberation or ordinary leisure. |
| Sabbath rest | σαββατισμός (sabbatismos) | सबत दा अराम (sabat da araam) | High | Perseverance and Assurance | — | Same guard as “rest” above. |
| word of God, living and active | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ ζῶν καὶ ἐνεργής | परमेश्वर दा बचन जिंदा ते असरदार | High | Inspiration of Scripture (feeds baseline doctrine) | — | Heb 4:12. |
| throne of grace | θρόνος τῆς χάριτος | दया दा तख्त (daya da takht) | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | Deity-seat/darshan imagery (never); Dogra royal throne imagery (never) | Heb 4:16. Built on baseline grace root. |
| boldness / confidence | παρρησία (parrēsia) | निडरता (nidarta) | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | — | Heb 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35. Direct access contrasted with fear-attended, mediated temple/shrine approach. |
| Melchizedek | Μελχισέδεκ | मलिकिसिदक (Malikisidak) | Medium | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | — | Proper noun; confirm against BSI Dogri Bible. |
| to learn obedience (of Christ) | ἔμαθεν… τὴν ὑπακοήν | दुख भोगियै आज्ञा मानणा सिखणा | High | Christ as Great High Priest | Must not be silently merged with baseline भरोसे कन्नै ताल्लुक रखदी मन्नता | Heb 5:8. Distinct referent (Christ, not the believer) — flag for theologian review. |
| milk / solid food | γάλα / στερεὰ τροφή | दूध / ठोस खाणा | Low | Faith of the OT Saints (pedagogical) | — | Heb 5:12-14. |
| falling away (irrecoverable) | παραπίπτω / ἀνασταυρόω | फेर सूली उप्पर चढ़ाना (fer sooli uppar chadhana) | Critical | Danger of Apostasy | Ordinary-backsliding softening (never) | Heb 6:4-6. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| enlightened | φωτίζω (phōtizō, passive) | चानण पाया (chanan paaya) | High | Danger of Apostasy | Yogic/mystical “enlightenment” framing (avoid conflation) | Heb 6:4; 10:32. |
| partaker | μέτοχος (metochos) | हिस्सेदार (hissedar) | High | Danger of Apostasy | — | Heb 3:1,14; 6:4; 12:8. |
| anchor | ἄγκυρα (ankyra) | (जहाज़ दा) लंगर (jahaz da langar) | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | — | Always qualify with जहाज़ दा (ship’s) to avoid confusion with Gurdwara langar (community kitchen), a strong regional Sikh/Punjabi association. |
| oath | ὅρκος (horkos) | कसम (kasam) | Medium | New Covenant versus Old; Perseverance and Assurance | — | Heb 6:16-17; 7:20-21. |
| hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | आस (aas) | High | Perseverance and Assurance | Mannat-outcome “hope for a granted wish” framing (never) | Confident expectation grounded in a finished, guaranteed work, not uncertain vow-outcome hope. |
| better (comparative) | κρείττων (kreittōn) | उत्तम (uttam) | Low (structural/consistency) | Superiority of Christ (all three: Angels, Moses, Levitical Priesthood) | — | Use the SAME Dogri word at every occurrence across all 13 chapters to preserve the book’s cumulative comparative argument. |
| inheritance | κληρονομία (klēronomia) | मीरास (meeras) | High | Perseverance and Assurance; Faith of the OT Saints | — | Resonant with Dogra Rajput lineage-inheritance culture; received by faith, not bloodline. |
| heir | κληρονόμος (klēronomos) | वारिस (waris) | High | Superiority over Angels; Faith of the OT Saints | — | Heb 1:2; 6:17; 11:7. |
| priesthood (permanent) | ἱερωσύνη ἀπαράβατος | ना बदलने आह् याजकपन | Medium | Christ as Great High Priest | — | Heb 7:24. |
| obsolete / to age | παλαιόω (palaioō) | पुराणा हो जाणा | Medium | New Covenant versus Old | — | Heb 8:13. Fulfilled, not false. |
| strangers and exiles | ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι | परदेसी ते बाहर दे लोक (pardesi te baahar de lok) | Critical | Faith of the OT Saints | यात्री (yatri, “pilgrim” — never as primary term; collides directly with the Vaishno Devi yatra) | Heb 11:13. |
| assurance / substantive reality (of faith) | ὑπόστασις (hypostasis, 11:1 sense) | ठोस आधार (thos aadhar) | High | Faith of the OT Saints | Do not reuse ch.1’s “exact imprint of nature” rendering | Same Greek word as Heb 1:3 but a different sense — flag both occurrences for translators. |
| conviction / evidence | ἔλεγχος (elenchos) | सबूत (saboot) | Medium | Faith of the OT Saints | — | Heb 11:1. |
| homeland / city (heavenly) | πατρίς / πόλις | वतन / नगर (watan / nagar) | Medium | Faith of the OT Saints | — | Heb 11:14-16; ties to Zion imagery in ch.12. |
| cloud of witnesses | νέφος μαρτύρων | गवाहां दा बड्ढा बादल (gawahan da badda baadal) | High | Faith of the OT Saints; Perseverance and Assurance | Ancestor-veneration or Baba-Jitto-style intercessory framing (never) | Heb 12:1. Witnesses testify by example; they are not petitioned. |
| discipline / training | παιδεία (paideia) | तरबियत (tarbiyat) | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | — | Heb 12:5-11. Loving fatherly formation. |
| birthright | πρωτοτόκια (prōtotokia) | जेठे दा हक (jethe da hakk) | High | Danger of Apostasy (Esau warning) | — | Heb 12:16-17. Pointed given Dogra Rajput firstborn/lineage-honor weight. |
| Mount Zion / heavenly Jerusalem | Ὄρος Σιών | सिय्योन पहाड़ (Siyon pahaad) | Critical | Faith of the OT Saints; Perseverance and Assurance | Any framing implying a literal, physically-approached pilgrimage-mountain (never; must be sharply distinguished from the Trikuta hills / Vaishno Devi shrine) | Heb 12:22-24. Faith-accessed heavenly reality, not a shrine destination. |
| unshakeable kingdom | βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος | ना हिलने वाला राज्य (na hilne wala rajya) | Medium | Kingdom-adjacent (reinforces baseline kingdom_of_god) | — | Heb 12:28. Poignant regional resonance given the historic Dogra princely state’s end. |
| consuming fire | πῦρ καταναλίσκον | भस्म करने वाली अग्नि (bhasm karne wali agni) | High | Danger of Apostasy | Kali-shrine fierce-deity imagery (never) | Heb 12:29. God’s righteous judgment, not appeasement-hungry deity imagery. |
| brotherly love | φιλαδελφία (philadelphia) | भाईचारे दा प्यार | Low | (General exhortation) | — | Heb 13:1. |
| hospitality | φιλοξενία (philoxenia) | पर-मुहमानी | Medium | (General exhortation) | Folk “disguised divine visitor” framing (avoid conflation) | Heb 13:2. |
| leaders (church) | ἡγούμενοι (hēgoumenoi) | अगुवे (aguve) | Low-Medium | Church as God’s People | — | Heb 13:7,17,24. |
| outside the camp | ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς | छावनी तों बाहर (chhawani ton baahar) | High | Danger of Apostasy; Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Honor-preserving softenings that omit the shame element (never) | Heb 13:12-13. Direct challenge to izzat (honor) culture; preserve the call to bear reproach. |
| reproach / disgrace | ὀνειδισμός (oneidismos) | बदनामी (badnami) | High | Danger of Apostasy | — | Heb 11:26; 13:13. Cross-reference Moses’ and Christ’s shared reproach. |
| sacrifice of praise | θυσία αἰνέσεως | तारीफा दा बलिदान (tarifa da balidaan) | Medium | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | — | Heb 13:15. Reframes worship as verbal praise vs. animal/blood offering. |
| great shepherd | ποιμὴν… ὁ μέγας | भेडां दा महान अयाला | Low | Christ as Great High Priest (pastoral image) | — | Heb 13:20. |
Section 3 — Proper Nouns Requiring Confirmation Against BSI Dogri Bible / Dogri Old Testament
| Name | Proposed Dogri form | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Melchizedek | मलिकिसिदक | Heb 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17 |
| Abel | हाबिल | Heb 11:4; 12:24 |
| Enoch | हनूक | Heb 11:5 |
| Noah | नूह | Heb 11:7 |
| Abraham | अब्राहम | Heb 11:8-19 |
| Sarah | सारा | Heb 11:11 |
| Isaac | इसहाक | Heb 11:17-20 |
| Jacob | याकूब | Heb 11:20-21 |
| Joseph | यूसुफ | Heb 11:21-22 |
| Moses | मूसा | Heb 3:2-16; 11:23-28 |
| Rahab | राहाब | Heb 11:31 |
| Aaron | आरून | Heb 5:4; 7:11; 9:4 |
| Esau | एसाव | Heb 12:16-17 |
| Zion | सिय्योन | Heb 12:22 |
| Jerusalem | यरूशलेम | Heb 12:22 (heavenly) |
All names above follow the established regional North Indian Bible-translation convention pending direct confirmation against a published Dogri Old Testament; flag Medium risk (consistency, not doctrine) for each until confirmed.
Section 4 — Cross-Cutting Duggar-Specific Risk Themes Guarded Against in This Glossary
- Brahmin priestly caste system (Raghunath Mandir purohits/pandits): guarded by रejecting पुरोहित/पंडित for priest/high priest in favor of याजक/महायाजक.
- Bahu Fort Kali shrine blood-offering tradition: guarded by distinguishing बलिदान (Christ’s atoning sacrifice) from बलि (ritual offering to appease a deity), and by the consuming-fire and mercy-seat entries.
- Vaishno Devi mannat (vow-for-boon) and yatra (pilgrimage) economy: guarded most sharply by the “once for all” entry, the ऱेजection of यात्री for “strangers and exiles” (Heb 11:13), the Mount Zion entry (Heb 12:22-24), and — critically — the इकरार-not-मन्नत distinction for “confession” (Heb 3:1; 4:14; 10:23).
- Baba Jitto / Bua Kauri folk-martyr cult: guarded by the “cloud of witnesses” entry (Heb 12:1) and the sacrifice entry’s explicit note distinguishing Baba Jitto’s honorable self-sacrifice from Christ’s unique vicarious atonement.
- Dogra Rajput lineage-honor (izzat) culture: guarded by the “without genealogy” (Heb 7:3), “birthright” (Heb 12:16-17), “heir/inheritance” (Heb 1:2; 9:15; 11:7), and “outside the camp / reproach” (Heb 13:12-13) entries.
- Dogra dynastic/royal history (throne, treaty, kingdom): guarded by the “throne of grace” entry (extending baseline’s Lord-not-maharaja guard) and the “unshakeable kingdom” entry’s resonance with the historic princely state’s end; the “new covenant” entry’s guard against the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar association.
- Karma/rebirth-cycle cosmology (moksha, punarjanam, yuga-cycles): guarded by “redemption” (never मुक्ति), “rest” (never framed as liberation-from-rebirth), “judgment” (never karmic cause-and-effect), and the “end of the ages” note on जुग.
- Yogic/ascetic self-perfection (siddhi): guarded most sharply by the “perfect/perfecter” entries — never सिद्ध/सिद्धि — extending the baseline grace entry’s core concern into an entirely new lexical domain unique to Hebrews.
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 Hebrews segment translation begins. New terms listed in Section 2 are proposed for promotion into those enforcement files in the next Phase 1 step and are not yet binding translation memory until so promoted.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: बिना कमाई दित्ती दया
Transliteration: bina kamai ditti daya
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: मन्नत दा फल (a boon granted in response to a vow, as sought at Vaishno Devi shrine; never use), पुण्य (merit earned through right action, never use)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Hebrews recurs at 4:16 (throne of grace), 10:29, 12:15,28, 13:9,25. Hebrews 12:15’s warning against ‘failing to obtain grace’ must not be read as failing to secure a mannat-style boon.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धरमीपन
Transliteration: dharmipan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धरम (avoid the bare sense of caste/social duty tied to Dogra Rajput lineage-honor expectations)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied in Hebrews to Christ himself (1:9), to Melchizedek’s name/title (7:2), and to the OT saints (11:7,33; 12:11,23).
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhar
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति (liberation from the rebirth cycle, never use), मनोकामना पूरी होना (a wish/boon granted, as through a vow at Vaishno Devi, never use)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Hebrews 9:28, Christ’s future coming ‘to save’ must not be read as a this-worldly wish granted through eager waiting, echoing the mannat/yatra logic. Occurs 1:14; 2:3,10; 5:9; 6:9; 9:28; 11:7.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: मुर्दघरा चा जिंदा होना
Transliteration: murdaghara cha jinda hona
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation, never use)
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Hebrews 11:35’s ‘a better resurrection’ pairs this term with उत्तम (better, new Hebrews term) — the comparative must not weaken the exclusivity of bodily resurrection. Occurs 6:2; 11:35; 13:20.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: महाराजा (a title strongly associated with the historic Dogra royal dynasty, avoid as the primary term)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Hebrews 1’s throne language makes this guard especially load-bearing. Occurs 1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 8:2,8-11; 13:20.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दा पुत्तर
Transliteration: Parmeshwar da puttar
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतार (an incarnate deity-descent, e.g. Rama as Vishnu’s avatar at Raghunath Mandir, an explicit downgrade and rejected)
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Hebrews 1:5-8 quotes OT sonship texts applied uniquely to Christ, never to an angel; 5:8 applies ‘although he was a son’ to Christ’s suffering without diminishing sonship.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: मानखे दा रूप लैना
Transliteration: mankhe da roop laina
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार (never use)
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies Hebrews 2:14-17 (‘partook of flesh and blood,’ ‘tasted death’) and 5:7. NEVER अवतार, given Raghunath Mandir’s Rama-avatar devotional prominence.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Hebrews this title is fused with Christ’s identity as Great High Priest and eternal Son.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा (used in Muslim/Urdu-influenced contexts; reserve for interfaith-dialogue framing only)
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Confirm consistency with the BSI Dogri Bible for Hebrews-specific occurrences (2:9; 3:1; 4:14; 6:20; 7:22; 12:2,24; 13:8,12,20).
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parmeshwar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान (broad Hindu deity usage, avoid for doctrinal precision)
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Hebrews repeatedly names God as the one who ‘spoke’ (1:1-2), swore an oath (6:13; 7:21), and is a ‘consuming fire’ (12:29).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्तर आत्मा
Transliteration: pavittar aatma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति (goddess-power, never use), परमात्मा alone (Hindu universal Self, never use)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Active in inspiration (3:7; 10:15) and believers’ experience (2:4; 6:4; 9:8,14; 10:29).
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Hebrews 12:7-9 carries the added weight of loving, corrective fatherly discipline (परमेश्वर दी तरबियत) rather than honor-preserving distance.
Priest
Approved rendering: याजक
Transliteration: yajak
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: पुरोहित (names the Brahmin priestly office at Raghunath Mandir; caste-coded, never use), पंडित (same caste-coded risk, never use)
Original: ἱερεύς
Category: Priesthood
Base term underlying ‘high priest’ (5:6; 7:1-21; 8:4; 10:11). Confirm against BSI Dogri Bible for settled form. Christ’s priesthood must never be presented as comparable to, or one office within, the existing local Brahmin priestly hierarchy.
High Priest
Approved rendering: महायाजक
Transliteration: mahayajak
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: महाराजा-style honorific (never; conflates priestly and royal-dynastic office)
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
The single most central term of the whole book (2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25; 10:21). Register must remain strictly priestly-functional, never dynastic-honorific, given how closely priestly and royal patronage were historically fused under the Dogra dynasty at Raghunath Mandir itself.
Priesthood
Approved rendering: याजकपन
Transliteration: yajakpan
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
The priestly office/institution, compared across Levitical, Melchizedekian, and Christ’s own priesthood (7:11-24). Formed with the same -पन abstraction suffix already established in baseline धरमीपन, for internal glossary consistency. 7:24’s ‘permanent priesthood’ (ना बदलने आह् याजकपन) is the doctrinal climax of this argument.
Once For All
Approved rendering: इक्को बारी सदा आस्तै
Transliteration: ikko baari sada aastai
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: कई बारी-style repeatable framing (never)
Original: ἐφάπαξ / ἅπαξ
Category: Sacrifice
The structural word of Hebrews 9-10 (9:12,26,28; 10:10). Must sharply oppose any repeatable-ritual logic, including the annual Yom Kippur pattern the text itself contrasts and, in the Duggar context, the repeatable mannat vow-offering economy at Vaishno Devi and repeated blood-offerings at Bahu Fort. The single most important phrase in the core passage to protect from softening; never shortened to a bare ‘once.‘
Repeatedly
Approved rendering: कई बारी
Transliteration: kai baari
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: πολλάκις
Category: Sacrifice
‘Many times,’ the direct foil to once-for-all, describing the Levitical high priest’s annual re-entry with blood (9:25-26). The entire doctrinal weight of vv.25-26 rests on this contrast; any blurring undermines the doctrine.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: दया दी गद्दी
Transliteration: daya di gaddi
Doctrine: Propitiation and the Mercy Seat
Rejected alternatives: any enthroned-deity/darshan-boon imagery (never)
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Sacrifice
The golden atonement-cover of the Ark (9:5), where God’s righteous judgment against sin was symbolically satisfied by sprinkled blood — the OT type fulfilled once for all by Christ. Built on the baseline’s grace-root दया. Single highest-stakes new term in the book; no prior Dogri usage exists to anchor it; must never be equated with an enthroned deity-image (murti) approached for boons at Vaishno Devi or Bahu Fort. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Bear Sins
Approved rendering: बऱ्यां लोकां दे पाप चुकाना
Transliteration: bahryan lokan de paap chukana
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: merely exemplary/sympathetic renderings (never)
Original: ἀναφέρειν ἁμαρτίας
Category: Sacrifice
Christ’s substitutionary bearing of the sins of many (9:28). Central to substitutionary atonement doctrine; must not be softened into a merely exemplary or sympathetic sense of identification with sinners.
Purification Conscience
Approved rendering: पवित्तर करना
Transliteration: pavittar karna
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध करना (reserved above for the OT ritual sense only, 9:13)
Original: καθαρίζω (deeper sense)
Category: Sacrifice
The purification of the conscience achieved by Christ’s blood, reaching what the old system could not (9:14). Deliberately different from शुद्ध करना, preserving Hebrews’ own rhetorical escalation (‘how much more’). The single most theologically load-bearing translation decision in this verse; flag for theologian review at every occurrence.
Mediator
Approved rendering: बिचाल्ले खड़ोतेआ
Transliteration: bichalle khadotea
Doctrine: The Sole Mediatorship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: बिचौलिया (broker/middleman — carries commercial/transactional connotation, never use)
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
One standing between two parties to establish/guarantee a relationship; Christ as sole mediator of the new covenant (8:6; 9:15; 12:24). Echoes baseline’s बिचाल्ले होइयै बिनती. Christ must be taught as the sole, sufficient Mediator — not one intermediary among purohits at Raghunath Mandir or folk intercessory figures like Baba Jitto.
Fall Away
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर तों दूर हो जाना
Transliteration: Parmeshwar ton door ho jaana
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: casual ‘backsliding’ language (never), shrine-switching framing (never)
Original: ἀφίστημι
Category: Apostasy
To decisively depart from the living God (3:12), the book’s first explicit apostasy-warning verb. Must convey decisive, culpable departure — not casual lapse, and not merely a shift of shrine-allegiance among interchangeable deities, a live possibility where devotees move between Vaishno Devi, Kali, and Rama devotion.
Rest
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दा अराम
Transliteration: Parmeshwar da araam
Doctrine: The Promised Rest of God
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति/निर्वाण-style liberation-from-rebirth framing (never), mere holiday/leisure rest, छुट्टी (avoid as primary sense)
Original: κατάπαυσις
Category: Eschatology
Central to Hebrews 3-4. A promised, covenantal, relational rest with God, entered progressively now and consummated at Christ’s return — never liberation-from-rebirth or ordinary leisure.
Perfect
Approved rendering: सम्पूरन बनाना
Transliteration: sampooran banana
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: सिद्ध (never; denotes yogic/ascetic self-attained spiritual perfection through personal austerity), सिद्धि (same risk, never)
Original: τέλειος / τελειόω
Category: Salvation
To be made complete/whole — applied both to Christ being ‘made perfect’ through suffering (2:10; 5:9; 7:28) and believers being perfected through his finished work (9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:23). Both senses must be read relationally/positionally, never as self-achieved siddhi — the earned-merit framework the baseline’s grace entry already forbids.
Falling Away Irrecoverable
Approved rendering: फेर सूली उप्पर चढ़ाना
Transliteration: fer sooli uppar chadhana
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: ordinary-backsliding softening (never)
Original: ἀδύνατον… πάλιν ἀνακαινίζειν εἰς μετάνοιαν
Category: Apostasy
The sharpest apostasy-warning language in the book (6:4-6): those once enlightened who fall away, if their turning constitutes decisive final rejection, cannot be restored to repentance. Must never be softened into ordinary backsliding or into the logic of switching shrine-devotion from one deity to another. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Strangers Exiles
Approved rendering: परदेसी ते बाहर दे लोक
Transliteration: pardesi te baahar de lok
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: यात्री (pilgrim — never as primary term; collides directly with the Vaishno Devi yatra)
Original: ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι
Category: Faith
The OT saints’ self-description as ‘strangers and exiles’ on earth, seeking a heavenly homeland (11:13). यात्री is the fluent, natural-sounding word every Dogri speaker would reach for first; using it here would make Hebrews 11 sound like an endorsement of pilgrimage devotion rather than a statement that the saints’ true home was not of this earth.
Confession
Approved rendering: इकरार
Transliteration: ikrar
Doctrine: Steadfast Confession of Faith
Rejected alternatives: मन्नत or any near-homophone of it (never)
Original: ὁμολογία
Category: Perseverance
Steadfast public acknowledgment of a settled faith in Christ (3:1; 4:14; 10:23). मन्नत is the specific, live regional term for a conditional vow made to a deity (classically at Vaishno Devi) in exchange for a granted wish — the theological opposite of Hebrews’ confession, which looks backward to a finished work rather than forward to a hoped-for payoff. One of the sharpest lexical risks in the entire book; mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Angel
Approved rendering: स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: swargadoot
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: देवता (never — names a local/village minor deity in Duggar folk religion, actively propitiated)
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: God
A created, ministering spirit serving God (1:4-14; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 12:22; 13:2), central to the whole-chapter Hebrews 1 argument. Angels are created, ministering servants of God, never objects of worship or petition — the point Hebrews itself makes by arguing the Son’s superiority over them.
Radiance Of Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा दी लो
Transliteration: mahima di lo
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης
Category: God
Christ as ‘the radiance of the glory of God’ (1:3). Built on baseline महिमा. Must not be illustrated with aarti-lamp or darshan-radiance imagery associated with temple ritual illumination at Raghunath Mandir; avoid तेज-style rendering, which carries live devotional resonance as the radiant aura of a deity-image at darshan.
Exact Imprint
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दे सुभाव दा ठीक निशान
Transliteration: Parmeshwar de subhav da theek nishaan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως
Category: Christology
‘The exact imprint of God’s nature’ (1:3), describing Christ’s essential being (Greek hypostasis). NOTE: this same Greek word recurs at 11:1 with a DIFFERENT sense (‘assurance/substance of things hoped for,’ see ‘assurance_substantive’) — flag for translators that two distinct Dogri renderings are required across the book; a single wooden equivalent would misrepresent one or both passages.
Mount Zion
Approved rendering: सिय्योन पहाड़
Transliteration: Siyon pahaad
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: any framing implying a literal, physically-approached pilgrimage-mountain (never)
Original: Ὄρος Σιών
Category: Eschatology
The heavenly Mount Zion and city of the living God, contrasted with the fear-inducing Mount Sinai (12:18-24). Must be explicitly, deliberately distinguished from the Trikuta hills and the Vaishno Devi shrine, one of the most-visited pilgrimage destinations in India, located in this very region. Describes the believer’s already-granted, faith-accessed heavenly reality, not a physical mountain-pilgrimage destination sought out and ascended for a blessing. Teach this contrast directly and confidently.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: भरोसा
Transliteration: bharosa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा (generalized devotional reverence, too broad)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Hebrews 11:1 gives faith an expanded definitional treatment (‘the ठोस आधार of things hoped for’); teach as a facet of the same भरोसा, not a separate concept. Occurs 4:2; 6:1,12; 10:38-39; 11:1-40; 13:7.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्तर
Transliteration: pavittar
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध (ritual purity, avoid as a substitute — except for the single deliberate exception at Hebrews 9:13, see ‘purification_ritual’)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Adjectival root for ‘holy places’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ throughout Hebrews; distinguish consistently from शुद्ध, reserved only for the OT ritual-purity sense at 9:13.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्तरता
Transliteration: pavittarta
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिकरण (ritual purification rites, avoid as a substitute)
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:11; 10:10,14; 12:14; 13:12. Hebrews 12:14 (‘without which no one will see the Lord’) raises the doctrinal stakes.
Covenant
Approved rendering: नियम
Transliteration: niyam
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: समझौता (a negotiated deal/contract, too transactional)
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Hebrews’ central structural term (7:22; 8:6-13; 9:4,15-20; 10:16,29; 12:24; 13:20). Hebrews 9:16-17 exploits a Greek dual sense (‘covenant’/‘last will’) with no Dogri equivalent; retain नियम throughout and add a translator’s note rather than forcing a legal-will pun into the text.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: paap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: भिट्ट (ritual impurity/pollution, avoid as a substitute)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Hebrews 9-10 additionally requires distinguishing पाप from the ritual defilement addressed by the OT sacrificial system’s merely external purification. Occurs 1:3; 2:17; 3:13; 4:15; 9:26,28; 10:2-26; 12:1,4; 13:11.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to Christ as ‘the radiance of the glory of God’ (1:3, see new term ‘radiance_of_glory’) and to Christ ‘crowned with glory and honor’ (2:7,9-10; 3:3). Avoid aarti-lamp or darshan-radiance illustrative imagery given Raghunath Mandir’s prominence in this exact metaphor-space.
Called
Approved rendering: सद्देआ होया
Transliteration: saddea hoya
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: सद्दा दित्ता (invited, too weak)
Original: κλητός
Category: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied in Hebrews to Christ’s own priestly calling (5:4) and to believers ‘sharing in a heavenly calling’ (3:1) and Abraham’s obedient call (11:8).
Calling
Approved rendering: सद्द
Transliteration: sadd
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Noun form applied in Hebrews 3:1 to believers as those who ‘share in a heavenly calling.‘
Adoption
Approved rendering: गोद लैने आह् पुत्तर बनाना
Transliteration: god laine aah puttar banana
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies Hebrews 2:10-13 (Christ ‘bringing many sons to glory’) and 12:5-8 (sons under fatherly discipline); the discipline theme must reinforce, not undercut, full and secure son-status.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दी सामर्थ
Transliteration: Parmeshwar di samarth
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति (associated with goddess-power devotion, avoid as the primary term)
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to Christ ‘upholding the universe’ (1:3), ‘powers of the age to come’ (6:5), and the indestructibility of Christ’s priestly life (7:16).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: भरोसे कन्नै ताल्लुक रखदी मन्नता
Transliteration: bharose kannai tallukh rakhdi mannata
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक रीत-रिवाज निभाना (ritual/social duty-keeping, a works-based misreading tied to Dogra Rajput custom)
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged for believers’ obedience flowing from faith. Hebrews 5:8 requires a SEPARATE rendering (see new term ‘learn_obedience’) for Christ’s own distinct, learned obedience through suffering — the two referents must never be silently merged.
Without Genealogy
Approved rendering: वंश-रुक्ख बिना
Transliteration: vansh-rukkh bina
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἀγενεαλόγητος
Category: Priesthood
Melchizedek’s priesthood being ‘without genealogy’ (7:3), unlegitimated by inherited bloodline. A uniquely pointed term for Dogra Rajput lineage-honor (izzat) culture; teach as a direct, positive challenge to lineage-based religious legitimacy, not softened. Guard against being misheard as a deficiency/dishonor rather than freedom from hereditary limitation.
Offer Sacrifice
Approved rendering: चढ़ाना
Transliteration: chadhana
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: προσφέρω
Category: Sacrifice
‘To offer up’ (5:1,3; 8:3-4; 9:7,25,28; 10:1,8,11-12). Must be paired carefully with बलिदान so that ‘Christ was offered’ reads as he himself became the sacrifice — not merely that he presided over one. Collapsing priest and victim into one person is the doctrinal center of 9:11-28.
Sacrifice
Approved rendering: बलिदान
Transliteration: balidaan
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: बलि (the everyday word for ritual offering to a deity, as practiced at the Bahu Fort Kali shrine; never use as primary term)
Original: θυσία
Category: Sacrifice
Central to the whole of Hebrews 9-10 and applied uniquely to Christ’s own self-offering. Must also be explicitly distinguished in teaching notes from Baba Jitto’s local folk-martyr बलिदान (honorable self-sacrifice in social protest) — not vicarious atonement for sin before God. Single highest-frequency Critical-adjacent collision risk in the letter.
Blood
Approved rendering: लहू
Transliteration: lahu
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: खून (reserve for ordinary/non-sacrificial ‘blood’)
Original: αἷμα
Category: Sacrifice
Sacrificial/atoning blood, central substance of the Old and New Covenant systems (9:7,12-14,18-22,25; 10:4,19,29; 11:28; 12:24; 13:11-12,20). Taught as the price of substitutionary atonement, distinct from propitiatory blood-offerings made to appease Kali at Bahu Fort. Confirm register split against BSI Dogri Bible.
Shedding Of Blood
Approved rendering: लहू बहाना
Transliteration: lahu bahana
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἱματεκχυσία
Category: Sacrifice
The pouring-out of blood as the necessary basis for forgiveness (9:22). A rare compound coined for this verse; must retain its forceful, costly connotation, not read as a routine ritual detail.
Redemption
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chhutkara
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति (never — already reserved by baseline for forbidden ‘liberation from rebirth’ sense)
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις / λύτρωσις
Category: Sacrifice
Release from bondage through a price paid; 9:12’s ‘eternal redemption’ (अनन्त छुटकारा) secured through Christ’s own blood, not liberation from samsara.
Put Away Sin
Approved rendering: पाप हटाना
Transliteration: paap hatana
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀθέτησις ἁμαρτίας
Category: Sacrifice
The definitive annulment/removal of sin accomplished by Christ’s self-offering ‘at the end of the ages’ (9:26). Definitive removal, not a temporary ritual suspension of guilt requiring renewal.
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: निर्दोष
Transliteration: nirdosh
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Sacrifice
Sacrificial spotlessness applied to Christ himself as the offering (9:14). Moral sinlessness qualifying Christ as a valid, indeed perfect, sacrifice — distinct from a merely ritually unblemished animal specimen.
Purification Ritual
Approved rendering: शुद्ध करना
Transliteration: shuddh karna
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: καθαρίζω (limited sense)
Category: Sacrifice
External, ceremonial cleansing of the flesh under the old system (9:13). EXCEPTIONAL, deliberate use of शुद्ध, normally reserved by the baseline as forbidden ritual-purity language for ‘holy.’ Correct here ONLY because 9:13 itself describes the OT system’s limited, external effect. Must never be used for v.14’s deeper cleansing (see ‘purification_conscience’).
New Covenant
Approved rendering: नंवां नियम
Transliteration: nawan niyam
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: समझौता-style negotiated-treaty framing (never; already excluded by baseline’s ‘covenant’ entry)
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
The covenant announced through Jeremiah 31, mediated by Christ’s blood, superseding the old (8:8-13; 9:15; 12:24). Must not evoke the historic 1846 Treaty of Amritsar establishing Dogra rule, or any dynastic political treaty.
Promise
Approved rendering: वादा
Transliteration: vaada
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
God’s covenant promise, a major recurring term (6:12,15,17; 7:6; 8:6; 9:15; 10:23,36; 11:9,11,13,17,33,39). Teach as an unconditional divine pledge secured by God’s own oath and character (6:13-18), not a wish granted in exchange for a vow or offering, as in the Vaishno Devi mannat economy.
Holy Places
Approved rendering: सारें तों पवित्तर जगा
Transliteration: saaren ton pavittar jaga
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: τὰ ἅγια / τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Sanctuary Access
The Holy Place and Holy of Holies, earthly and heavenly (9:2-8,12,24-25). Unlike Raghunath Mandir’s inner sanctum, permanently restricted to authorized priests, Christ’s entry opens access for all believers (10:19-22) — this contrast should be drawn out explicitly, not avoided.
New Living Way
Approved rendering: नंवां ते जिंदा राह्
Transliteration: nawan te jinda raah
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ὁδὸς πρόσφατος καὶ ζῶσα
Category: Sanctuary Access
The new and living way into God’s presence opened by Christ’s blood through the torn veil (10:20). Central to the Access to God through Christ’s Blood doctrine.
Draw Near
Approved rendering: नेड़े आना
Transliteration: nede aana
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: προσέρχομαι
Category: Sanctuary Access
The book’s central ‘access’ verb (4:16; 7:25; 10:1,22; 11:6; 12:18,22). Direct, unmediated approach to God, contrasted with the restricted access governing entry to Raghunath Mandir’s inner precincts and the tightly managed darshan queue and protocol at Vaishno Devi.
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: दया दा तख्त
Transliteration: daya da takht
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: Dogra royal throne imagery (never), deity-seat/darshan-boon imagery (never)
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Sanctuary Access
The place of confident, ongoing prayer access before God (4:16). Built on the baseline grace root; no prior Dogri usage exists to anchor this coined compound. Must not evoke either the historic Dogra royal throne or a temple deity’s enthroned image approached for boons.
Throne
Approved rendering: तख्त
Transliteration: takht
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
The Son’s eternal throne, quoted from Psalm 45 (1:8). Must not evoke the historic Dogra royal throne (Gulab Singh/Ranbir Singh) — reinforces the baseline’s existing ‘Lord not maharaja’ guard.
Boldness
Approved rendering: निडरता
Transliteration: nidarta
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Sanctuary Access
Confident access/speech before God (3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35). Direct, confident access contrasts sharply with the mediated, fear-attended, ritually-hedged approach required to enter restricted temple precincts or receive darshan at a major shrine.
Judgment
Approved rendering: न्याय
Transliteration: nyay
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: कर्म फल-style karmic framing (never)
Original: κρίσις
Category: Sin
Personal, moral, final divine assessment following death (9:27) and awaiting willful sinners (10:27). Never impersonal karmic cause-and-effect, the dominant regional folk-theological category for post-death reckoning.
Willful Sin
Approved rendering: जाणी-जाणी पाप करना
Transliteration: jaanee-jaanee paap karna
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνοντες
Category: Sin
Deliberate, informed sinning after receiving knowledge of the truth (10:26). Must be distinguished from ordinary sins of weakness; central to the apostasy-warning doctrine. Dynamic-equivalence sources risk softening ‘deliberate’ into generic ongoing sinfulness — resist this.
Harden Heart
Approved rendering: दिल सखत करना
Transliteration: dil sakht karna
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: σκληρύνω
Category: Apostasy
To harden one’s heart against God, quoting Psalm 95 (3:8,13,15; 4:7).
Unbelief
Approved rendering: बे-भरोसगी
Transliteration: be-bharosgi
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Apostasy
Direct antonym of faith, built on baseline भरोसा; blocks Israel’s entry into God’s rest (3:12,19).
Sabbath Rest
Approved rendering: सबत दा अराम
Transliteration: sabat da araam
Doctrine: The Promised Rest of God
Original: σαββατισμός
Category: Eschatology
The Sabbath-rest still to be entered by God’s people (4:9). Same guard as ‘rest’ above.
Word Of God Living
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दा बचन जिंदा ते असरदार
Transliteration: Parmeshwar da bachan jinda te asardar
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ ζῶν καὶ ἐνεργής
Category: Scripture
Scripture described as ‘living and active,’ piercing to the division of soul and spirit (4:12). Must retain personal, active divine agency, not a static or merely literary quality.
Learn Obedience
Approved rendering: दुख भोगियै आज्ञा मानणा सिखणा
Transliteration: dukh bhogiyai aagya maanna sikhna
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἔμαθεν ἀφ’ ὧν ἔπαθεν τὴν ὑπακοήν
Category: Christology
Christ’s own learning of obedience through suffering (5:8), qualifying him as a compassionate and perfected high priest. Must NOT be silently merged with the baseline’s भरोसे कन्नै ताल्लुक रखदी मन्नता (believers’ obedience of faith); the referent here is Christ’s own learned obedience, a distinct sense flagged for theologian review.
Enlightened
Approved rendering: चानण पाया
Transliteration: chanan paaya
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: φωτίζω (passive)
Category: Apostasy
Having received the light of the gospel through conversion (6:4; 10:32). Distinct from spiritual ‘enlightenment’ categories in regional devotional or yogic traditions.
Partaker
Approved rendering: हिस्सेदार
Transliteration: hissedar
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: μέτοχος
Category: Apostasy
One who shares/participates, especially in the Holy Spirit (3:1,14; 6:4; 12:8).
Hope
Approved rendering: आस
Transliteration: aas
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: mannat-outcome ‘hope for a granted wish’ framing (never)
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Perseverance
Confident expectation grounded in God’s finished work (6:11,18-19; 7:19; 10:23; 11:1). Must be taught as confident expectation grounded in a guaranteed work already accomplished, not the uncertain hope-for-a-favorable-outcome attitude of a pilgrim awaiting a mannat’s fulfillment.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: अनन्त मीरास
Transliteration: anant meeras
Doctrine: Spiritual Inheritance and Birthright
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Inheritance
The promised eternal inheritance received by those who are called (9:15), by faith (11:8). Resonates strongly with Dogra Rajput lineage-inheritance and birthright culture (izzat); received by faith through Christ’s death, not by bloodline.
Heir
Approved rendering: वारिस
Transliteration: waris
Doctrine: Spiritual Inheritance and Birthright
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Inheritance
Christ as ‘heir of all things’ (1:2), and Noah as heir of the righteousness that comes by faith (11:7). Must be distinguished from a dynastic royal heir in the Dogra sense; Christ’s heirship is of a fundamentally different, uncreated order.
Assurance Substantive
Approved rendering: ठोस आधार
Transliteration: thos aadhar
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ὑπόστασις (11:1 sense)
Category: Faith
The ‘substantive reality/assurance’ of things hoped for, the definitional word of Hebrews 11:1. Same Greek word (hypostasis) as 1:3 but a DIFFERENT sense there (‘exact imprint of nature,’ see ‘exact_imprint’); do NOT reuse that rendering here — flag both occurrences for translators so a single wooden equivalent does not misrepresent one or both passages.
Cloud Of Witnesses
Approved rendering: गवाहां दा बड्ढा बादल
Transliteration: gawahan da badda baadal
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: ancestor-veneration or Baba-Jitto-style intercessory framing (never)
Original: νέφος μαρτύρων
Category: Perseverance
The ‘great cloud of witnesses’ — the OT/NT exemplars of faith surrounding believers (12:1). Must be taught as recorded testimony encouraging present believers by example — NOT as watching, invocable ancestor-spirits or intercessory figures in the mold of Baba Jitto and Bua Kauri, venerated at their shrine near Jammu. These witnesses testify; they are not petitioned.
Second Coming
Approved rendering: दूई बारी ओणा
Transliteration: doohi baari auna
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἐκ δευτέρου… ὀφθήσεται
Category: Christology
Christ’s promised, singular, future return (9:28). Distinct in kind from any notion of repeated avatar-descents; this is Christ’s own promised, singular return, not a new instance of a repeatable pattern.
Make Lower
Approved rendering: निक्का करना
Transliteration: nikka karna
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ἐλαττόω
Category: Christology
Christ ‘made lower than the angels for a little while’ through his incarnation (2:9). Describes the incarnation’s humility, not a diminishment of deity — must be read together with मानखे दा रूप लैना and never with अवतार.
Consuming Fire
Approved rendering: भस्म करने वाली अग्नि
Transliteration: bhasm karne wali agni
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: πῦρ καταναλίσκον
Category: God
God’s holy, judging presence, quoting Deuteronomy 4:24 (12:29). Must not be illustrated by, or allowed to blend with, the fierce, blood-demanding iconography of Kali worshipped at the Bahu Fort shrine; God’s consuming holiness is his righteous, personal response to covenant unfaithfulness, not a fierce deity’s hunger requiring blood-appeasement.
Birthright
Approved rendering: जेठे दा हक
Transliteration: jethe da hakk
Doctrine: Spiritual Inheritance and Birthright
Original: πρωτοτόκια
Category: Inheritance
Esau’s forfeited firstborn right (12:16-17), a warning against treating one’s spiritual inheritance carelessly. Directly resonant with, and a direct warning against, treating one’s spiritual inheritance carelessly — pointed given the weight of firstborn/lineage-honor status in Dogra Rajput culture.
Outside The Camp
Approved rendering: छावनी तों बाहर
Transliteration: chhawani ton baahar
Doctrine: Bearing Christ’s Reproach
Rejected alternatives: honor-preserving softenings that omit the shame element (never)
Original: ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς
Category: Apostasy
Christ ‘suffered outside the gate,’ and believers are called to join him ‘outside the camp,’ bearing his reproach (13:12-13). A direct, sharp challenge to Dogra Rajput izzat (honor) culture, which prizes public honor and avoidance of shame. Teach explicitly; do not soften for honor-culture comfort — this is the passage most exposed to quiet oral-teaching softening even where the printed text is accurate.
Reproach
Approved rendering: बदनामी
Transliteration: badnami
Doctrine: Bearing Christ’s Reproach
Original: ὀνειδισμός
Category: Apostasy
Public disgrace/shame borne for Christ’s sake, linking Moses’ choice (11:26) and believers’ calling (13:13). Render consistently at both occurrences.
Medium Risk Terms
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavastha
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धरम (avoid Dogra Rajput lineage-duty associations)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Hebrews teaches the Law was a true ‘shadow’ (परछावां, new term), not a false or evil system. Occurs 7:5,12,16,19,28; 8:4,10; 9:19,22; 10:1,8,28.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: गैर-यहूदी
Transliteration: gair-yahudi
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी (foreigner, too broad)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Background rather than a major Hebrews theme, but consistency required wherever it occurs.
Apostle
Approved rendering: भेजेआ होया
Transliteration: bhejea hoya
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत (generic messenger, too weak)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Distinctively applied in Hebrews 3:1 to Christ himself, alongside ‘high priest,’ as the twin titles of his commissioned office — a Hebrews-specific application, not to human apostles.
Church
Approved rendering: कलीसिया
Transliteration: kalisiya
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मंदर (temple, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Appears in Hebrews as ‘the congregation’ (2:12) and ‘the assembly of the firstborn’ (12:23).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दा राज्य
Transliteration: Parmeshwar da rajya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Appears as the Son’s eternal throne/kingdom (1:8) and the ‘unshakeable kingdom’ believers receive (12:28, see new term ‘unshakeable_kingdom’).
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to Melchizedek’s name/title (7:2), sanctified living (12:14), and God’s own character (13:20).
Intercession
Approved rendering: बिचाल्ले होइयै बिनती
Transliteration: bichalle hoiyai binti
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἐντυγχάνειν
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to Christ’s ongoing high-priestly intercession (7:25; 9:24); must be kept distinct from mediated petitionary practice through purohits or folk intercessors such as Baba Jitto.
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Hebrews 4:7 cites a psalm attributed to David regarding God’s ‘today.‘
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Appears in the Jeremiah 31 new covenant citation (8:8,10) and the Exodus narrative (11:22).
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: मलिकिसिदक
Transliteration: Malikisidak
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
Proper noun (5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17). Proposed transliteration pending confirmation against a published Dogri Old Testament. Risk is consistency-related, not doctrinal collision.
Priesthood Order
Approved rendering: क्रम
Transliteration: kram
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Rejected alternatives: रीत (avoid; too close to the baseline’s flagged रीत-रिवाज Dogra Rajput custom-language)
Original: τάξις
Category: Priesthood
‘Order/category,’ as in ‘a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek’ (5:6; 6:20; 7:11,17).
Guarantor
Approved rendering: जामन
Transliteration: jaman
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Covenant
One who guarantees or stands surety; Christ is the ‘guarantor of a better covenant’ (7:22).
Unchangeable
Approved rendering: ना बदलने वाला
Transliteration: na badalne wala
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀμετάθετος
Category: Priesthood
That which cannot be altered, applied to God’s purpose/oath (6:17) and Christ’s priesthood (7:24).
Appear On Our Behalf
Approved rendering: सांह् आस्तै परमेश्वर दे सामने हाजर होना
Transliteration: saanh aastai Parmeshwar de saamne haajar hona
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἐμφανίζω… ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν
Category: Priesthood
Christ’s ongoing priestly appearance before God representing believers (9:24). No further human priestly mediation is needed or available once Christ appears on believers’ behalf.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: पाप दी माफी
Transliteration: paap di maafi
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Sacrifice
Release from the guilt/penalty of sin (9:22, ‘no forgiveness without the shedding of blood’). Per the baseline’s justification note, माफी alone must never substitute for धर्मी ठहराए जाना in forensic-justification contexts, but is correct and sufficient here in a plain forgiveness-of-sins context.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: तारीफा दा बलिदान
Transliteration: tarifa da balidaan
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Sacrifice
Verbal thanksgiving/confession offered as worship (13:15), reframing sacrifice as praise rather than blood-offering, contrasted deliberately with animal/blood sacrifice still practiced regionally at the Bahu Fort Kali shrine.
Sprinkle
Approved rendering: छिड़कना
Transliteration: chhirakna
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ῥαντίζω
Category: Sacrifice
Ritual application of blood/water/ashes for ceremonial cleansing (9:13,19,21; 12:24). Purely descriptive of the OT ritual act; keep visually distinct in teaching from local ritual-blood practice at Bahu Fort so as not to imply approval-by-resemblance.
Dead Works
Approved rendering: मुर्दा कम्म
Transliteration: murda kamm
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Sacrifice
Works that cannot produce life/righteousness, needing purification by Christ’s blood (9:14). Resonates with the baseline’s guard against कमाई गेई धरमीपन (‘earned righteousness’).
Conscience
Approved rendering: अंतरात्मा
Transliteration: antaratma
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sacrifice
The moral faculty of self-judgment before God (9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18). Clarify as distinct from the Vedantic Ātman (universal Self), with which अंतरात्मा could otherwise be confused given its Sanskritic register.
Old Covenant
Approved rendering: पुराणा नियम
Transliteration: purana niyam
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παλαιά / πρώτη διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
The Mosaic/Sinai covenant, now fulfilled and superseded (8:7,13; 9:1,15,18). Teach as fulfilled and superseded, never as false or evil in itself.
Obsolete
Approved rendering: पुराणा हो जाणा
Transliteration: purana ho jaana
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παλαιόω
Category: Covenant
‘To make/become obsolete,’ describing the first covenant in light of the new (8:13). Teach carefully: fulfilled and superseded, not erroneous — avoid language implying the Old Testament was false.
Oath
Approved rendering: कसम
Transliteration: kasam
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant
A sworn guarantee; God’s oath confirming his promise (6:16-17) and Christ’s priesthood (7:20-21).
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: पवित्तर तंबू
Transliteration: pavittar tambu
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: σκηνή
Category: Sanctuary Access
The wilderness Tent of Meeting and, by extension, the heavenly sanctuary Christ entered (8:2,5; 9:1-11,21). Must be kept distinct from मंदर (temple), extending the baseline’s existing prohibition; the heavenly sanctuary is ‘not made with hands,’ not a superior version of local temple architecture such as Raghunath Mandir or Bahu Fort.
Veil Curtain
Approved rendering: पड़दा
Transliteration: parda
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Sanctuary Access
The tabernacle/temple veil separating the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies (6:19; 9:3; 10:20). The torn veil = opened access, contrasted with a temple’s permanently veiled inner sanctum.
Worship Cultic
Approved rendering: सेवा करना
Transliteration: sewa karna
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Sanctuary Access
To serve/worship God in a cultic sense (9:14; 12:28; 13:10). सेवा carries strong positive Sikh/Punjabi/Dogri resonance; must be clarified as devoted worship of the living God, not temple/shrine सेवा offered at Raghunath Mandir or Vaishno Devi.
Copy Pattern
Approved rendering: नमूना
Transliteration: namuna
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: माया-framed ‘illusion’ language (never)
Original: ὑπόδειγμα / ἀντίτυπος
Category: Sanctuary Access
The earthly tabernacle as a copy/pattern of heavenly realities (8:5; 9:23-24). Must not be flattened into माया (illusion); the earthly tabernacle was a true but preliminary, instructional model, not an unreal appearance.
Shadow
Approved rendering: परछावां
Transliteration: parchhawan
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: माया (never)
Original: σκιά
Category: Sanctuary Access
The Law as a ‘shadow’ of the good things to come (8:5; 10:1). Distinguished from माया (illusion); the Law was a true but incomplete preliminary sketch.
End Of The Ages
Approved rendering: जुगां दे आखर च
Transliteration: jugaan de aakhar ch
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων
Category: Sacrifice
Eschatological marker of Christ’s climactic appearance (9:26). जुग (yuga) carries strong Hindu cosmological cyclical-age connotations; must be taught as the climactic, linear arrival of God’s decisive redemptive act in history, not the turning of one cyclical cosmic age into another.
Perfecter
Approved rendering: सम्पूरन करने वाला
Transliteration: sampooran karne wala
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: सिद्ध-based terms (never)
Original: τελειωτής
Category: Faith
Christ as ‘the perfecter of faith’ (12:2), paired with ‘founder.’ Consistent with सम्पूरन बनाना above.
Founder
Approved rendering: रस्ता बनाने वाला
Transliteration: rasta banane wala
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Christology
Christ as founder/pioneer of salvation (2:10) and of faith (12:2).
Forerunner
Approved rendering: अग्गे जाने वाला
Transliteration: agge jaane wala
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: πρόδρομος
Category: Sanctuary Access
Christ entering heaven ahead of believers as their forerunner (6:20).
Anchor
Approved rendering: जहाज़ दा लंगर
Transliteration: jahaz da langar
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἄγκυρα
Category: Perseverance
The soul’s anchor of hope, sure and steadfast (6:19). Always pair with जहाज़ दा (‘ship’s’) — लंगर unqualified will almost certainly be misheard given its strong regional association with the Gurdwara’s free community kitchen among Sikh/Punjabi-influenced Dogri speakers. Never leave bare.
Homeland City
Approved rendering: नगर
Transliteration: nagar
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: πατρίς / πόλις
Category: Faith
The heavenly homeland/city (वतन/नगर) the OT saints sought (11:14-16), anticipating 12:22’s heavenly Jerusalem.
Conviction Evidence
Approved rendering: सबूत
Transliteration: saboot
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Faith
The ‘conviction/proof’ of things not seen (11:1).
Endurance
Approved rendering: धीरज
Transliteration: dheeraj
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
Steadfast endurance under trial (10:36; 12:1).
Shrink Back
Approved rendering: पिच्छे हटना
Transliteration: pichhe hatna
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑποστέλλω / ὑποστολή
Category: Perseverance
To draw back in fear or unbelief, the antonym of enduring faith (10:38-39).
Eagerly Waiting
Approved rendering: उंडीक करने वाले
Transliteration: undeek karne wale
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀπεκδεχομένοις
Category: Perseverance
Believers ‘eagerly waiting’ for Christ’s return (9:28). Expectant hope grounded in a finished, guaranteed redemption, distinct from the anxious, outcome-uncertain waiting for a vow to be answered.
Taste Death
Approved rendering: मौत भोगणा
Transliteration: maut bhogna
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: γεύομαι θανάτου
Category: Christology
Idiom for Christ personally experiencing death (2:9). Idiom-handling rule applies: translate the meaning plainly rather than a literal ‘taste’ calque.
Sympathize
Approved rendering: हमदर्दी करना
Transliteration: hamdardi karna
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: συμπαθέω
Category: Christology
Christ’s ability to sympathize with human weakness as high priest (2:18; 4:15; 10:34). Warm, relational register appropriate to Christ’s High Priesthood as genuine compassionate solidarity, not ritually distant Brahmin priestly office.
House Of God
Approved rendering: परिवार
Transliteration: parivar
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: οἶκος
Category: Church
God’s household/people, in which Moses was faithful as servant and Christ as Son (3:2-6).
Faithful
Approved rendering: भरोसेमंद
Transliteration: bharosemand
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: πιστός
Category: Faith
Faithful/trustworthy, applied to both Moses (3:2,5) and Christ (3:6; 2:17; 10:23). Built on baseline भरोसा. Both are called ‘faithful,’ but Christ as Son is faithful over the house, Moses faithful within it — a superiority argument, not an equivalence.
Unshakeable Kingdom
Approved rendering: ना हिलने वाला राज्य
Transliteration: na hilne wala rajya
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Eschatology
The kingdom believers receive that ‘cannot be shaken’ (12:28). Given that the historic Dogra princely state of Jammu & Kashmir itself ended within living memory, this phrase carries a poignant, teachable regional resonance that should be drawn out, not suppressed.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: पर-मुहमानी करना
Transliteration: par-muhmani karna
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Church Life
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Church
Hospitality to strangers, ‘for thereby some have entertained angels unawares’ (13:2). This is a plain historical claim about hospitality to unrecognized heavenly messengers, not a folk-belief motif about disguised divine visitors found in regional oral tradition; the theological point is ordinary, practical hospitality, not the detection of hidden divinity.
Leaders
Approved rendering: अगुवे
Transliteration: aguve
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Church Life
Original: ἡγούμενοι
Category: Church
Church leaders to be remembered, obeyed, and imitated (13:7,17,24). Church leadership, not caste or political headship.
Discipline
Approved rendering: तरबियत
Transliteration: tarbiyat
Doctrine: The Fatherly Discipline of God
Original: παιδεία
Category: Church
God’s loving, fatherly formation/training of believers through hardship (12:5-11). Must be taught as loving, fatherly formation, not punitive rejection — relevant given how discipline/dishonor can be experienced acutely within izzat-conscious households.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: संगत
Transliteration: sangat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: यारी-दोस्ती (casual friendship, too weak)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied in Hebrews 13:16 to ‘doing good and sharing.‘
Tithe
Approved rendering: दसवां हिस्सा
Transliteration: daswan hissa
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: δεκάτη
Category: Priesthood
A tenth part given to a priest, as Abraham gave to Melchizedek (7:2,4-9). Descriptive; no doctrinal collision.
Milk Solid Food
Approved rendering: ठोस खाणा
Transliteration: thos khaana
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: γάλα / στερεὰ τροφή
Category: Faith
A metaphor for spiritual immaturity vs. maturity (5:12-14, paired with दूध ‘milk’). Descriptive; pedagogical maturity language, no doctrinal collision.
Better
Approved rendering: उत्तम
Transliteration: uttam
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Original: κρείττων
Category: Salvation
The structural comparative word of the whole book (angels, hope, covenant, promises, sacrifices, country, resurrection). Low doctrinally, but HIGH for consistency: use the SAME Dogri word at EVERY occurrence across all 13 chapters so learners can track the book’s cumulative ‘better’ argument. Never vary with synonyms.
Race
Approved rendering: दौड़
Transliteration: daurh
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἀγών
Category: Perseverance
The race/contest of endurance believers are called to run (12:1).
Assembling Together
Approved rendering: कट्ठे होना
Transliteration: katthe hona
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Church Life
Original: ἐπισυναγωγή
Category: Church
The gathering together of believers (10:25).
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: भाईचारे दा प्यार
Transliteration: bhaicharre da pyaar
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Church Life
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
Love among believers (13:1).
Great Shepherd
Approved rendering: भेडां दा महान अयाला
Transliteration: bhedan da mahan ayala
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ποιμὴν τῶν προβάτων ὁ μέγας
Category: Christology
Christ as ‘the great shepherd of the sheep’ (13:20).
Root Of Bitterness
Approved rendering: कड़वापन दी जड़
Transliteration: kadvapan di jadh
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ῥίζα πικρίας
Category: Church
A metaphor for a corrupting grudge or resentment within the community that could cause someone to ‘fail to obtain the grace of God’ (12:15).
Referenced passages