Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Mark 1–16 (English → Dogri)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of Mark, the core passage (Mark 10:35-45), and all sixteen chapters. Terms marked Baseline Reuse carry over the exact rendering recorded in the Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked New are proposed Dogri renderings specific to Mark’s vocabulary, pending Bible Society of India confirmation, following the baseline’s descriptive-compound methodology.
How to Read This Table
- Status: Baseline Reuse (already fixed by the Romans package) or New (proposed here).
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the same risk-tier definitions as
doctrine_risk_registry.json. - Doctrine Link: which of the eight curriculum doctrines the term chiefly serves.
- Primary Locus: first or most theologically significant occurrence(s) in Mark.
| # | English Term | Original (Greek/Aramaic) | Transliteration | Dogri Rendering | Dogri Transliteration | Status | Risk | Doctrine Link | Primary Locus | Key Collision / Distinction Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | euangelion | खरी खबर | khari khabar | Baseline Reuse | High | Kingdom Breaking In | 1:1; 16:15 | Never सुसमाचार; not generic good news |
| 2 | Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | huios theou | परमेश्वर दा पुत्तर | Parmeshwar da puttar | Baseline Reuse | Critical | Suffering Servant/Son of God | 1:1; 9:7; 15:39 | Never अवतार-adjacent framing |
| 3 | Son of Man | ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | ho huios tou anthrōpou | मनुक्खे दा पुत्तर | mankhe da puttar | New | Critical | Suffering Servant; Cross; Ransom | 2:10; 8:31; 10:45; 13:26; 14:62 | Distinguish from परमेश्वर दा पुत्तर; holds humanity + Daniel 7 authority together |
| 4 | Repentance | μετάνοια / μετανοέω | metanoia / metanoeō | मन फिराना | man phirana | New | Medium | Kingdom Breaking In | 1:4, 15 | Genuine reorientation, not mere regret |
| 5 | Baptism (rite) | βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω | baptisma / baptizō | बपतिस्मा | baptisma | New | Medium | Discipleship; Cross (metaphor at 10:38) | 1:4-11; 10:38-39 | Distinguish literal rite from suffering-metaphor use |
| 6 | Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | basileia tou theou | परमेश्वर दा राज्य | Parmeshwar da rajya | Baseline Reuse | Medium–High | Kingdom Breaking In | 1:15; 4:11; 10:14-15 | Not a political/dynastic kingdom |
| 7 | ”Has come near” | ἤγγικεν | ēngiken | नेड़े आ गेआ ऐ | nede aa geya ai | New | High | Kingdom Breaking In | 1:15 | In-breaking present reality, not only future |
| 8 | Authority | ἐξουσία | exousia | अधिकार | adhikar | New | High | Jesus’ Authority | 1:22, 27; 2:10; 11:28 | Distinct from सामर्थ (dynamis); the right to act |
| 9 | Unclean spirit / demon | πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / δαιμόνιον | pneuma akatharton / daimonion | अशुद्ध आत्मा / दुष्ट आत्मा | ashuddh aatma / dusht aatma | New | High | Jesus’ Authority | 1:23; 5:1-20; 9:14-29 | Distinguish from folk ojha/bhagat exorcism ritual |
| 10 | Leprosy / to cleanse | λέπρα / καθαρίζω | lepra / katharizō | कोढ़ / शुद्ध करना | kodh / shuddh karna | New | High | Jesus’ Authority | 1:40-45 | Here शुद्ध correctly denotes OT Levitical ritual-legal cleanness, not moral holiness (पवित्तर) |
| 11 | Forgive (sins) | ἀφίημι (+ ἁμαρτίαι) | aphiēmi | पापां दी माफी देना | papan di maafi dena | New | High | Jesus’ Authority; Suffering Servant | 2:5-10 | Distinct from justification (धर्मी ठहराए जाना) |
| 12 | Sin | ἁμαρτία | hamartia | पाप | paap | Baseline Reuse | High | Jesus’ Authority | 2:5-17 | Distinct from भिट्ट (ritual impurity) |
| 13 | Lord | κύριος | kyrios | प्रभु | prabhu | Baseline Reuse | Critical | Son of God; Kingdom | 2:28; 11:9; 12:36-37 | Never महाराजा |
| 14 | Sabbath | σάββατον | sabbaton | सबत | sabat | New | Medium | Jesus’ Authority | 2:23-28 | Christ’s authority over the Law itself |
| 15 | Apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostolos | भेजेआ होया | bhejea hoya | Baseline Reuse | Medium | Discipleship | 3:14; 6:7-13 | Not a generic teacher/guru |
| 16 | Blasphemy (against the Spirit) | βλασφημία | blasphēmia | परमेश्वर दी निंदा | Parmeshwar di ninda | New | High | Jesus’ Authority; Holy Spirit | 3:28-29 | Precisely defined: attributing Spirit’s work to Satan |
| 17 | Satan | Σατανᾶς | Satanas | शैतान | shaitan | New | Medium | Jesus’ Authority | 3:22-27; 8:33 | Personal defeated adversary, not impersonal fate |
| 18 | Will of God / true family | θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ | thelēma tou theou | परमेश्वर दी मरजी | Parmeshwar di marji | New | High | Discipleship | 3:31-35; 14:36 | Parallels baseline adoption’s lineage-honor caution |
| 19 | Parable | παραβολή | parabolē | मिसाल | misal | New | Medium | Kingdom Breaking In | 4:1-34 | — |
| 20 | Mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | भेद | bhed | New | High | Messianic Secret | 4:11 | Progressive disclosure motif |
| 21 | Fear | φόβος / φοβέομαι | phobos / phobeomai | डर | dar | New | Medium | Faith Amid Fear | 4:40-41; 16:8 | Contrast term to भरोसा (faith) |
| 22 | Faith | πίστις | pistis | भरोसा | bharosa | Baseline Reuse | High | Faith Amid Fear | 4:40; 5:34; 10:52 | Object of faith must be specified |
| 23 | To save / to heal (physical) | σῴζω | sōzō | चंगा करना | changa karna | New | Critical | Jesus’ Authority; Salvation overlap | 5:23-34; 10:52 | Do not default to उद्धार in ordinary healing contexts |
| 24 | Talitha cum | Ταλιθά κούμ (Aramaic) | Talitha koum | तलीता कूम | Talita koom | New | Low | Jesus’ Authority | 5:41 | Preserve untranslated, as with अब्बा |
| 25 | Compassion | σπλαγχνίζομαι | splagchnizomai | दिल च तरस आना | dil ch taras aana | New | Medium | Suffering Servant | 6:34; 8:2 | Keep distinct from grace (बिना कमाई दित्ती दया) |
| 26 | ”It is I” / “I am” | ἐγώ εἰμι | egō eimi | मैं ही ऐं | main hi aan | New | Critical | Son of God | 6:50; 14:62 | Possible echo of divine Name (Exodus 3:14) |
| 27 | Tradition of the elders | παράδοσις | paradosis | पुराने लोकां दी रीत | purane lokan di reet | New | Medium | Discipleship | 7:1-13 | Echoes baseline’s rejected रीत-रिवाज alternative |
| 28 | Defilement / heart | κοινός / καρδία | koinos / kardia | अशुद्ध / मन | ashuddh / man | New | High | Jesus’ Authority over Sin | 7:14-23 | Reinforces baseline पाप vs. भिट्ट distinction |
| 29 | Ephphatha | Ἐφφαθά (Aramaic) | Ephphatha | इफ्फाता | Iffaata | New | Low | Jesus’ Authority | 7:34 | Preserve untranslated |
| 30 | Messiah / Christ | Χριστός | Christos | मसीह | masih | Baseline Reuse | Critical | Messianic Secret | 8:29 | Not one avatar among several |
| 31 | Must suffer (divine necessity) | δεῖ παθεῖν | dei pathein | दुख झलणा जरूरी ऐ | dukh jhalna zaroori ai | New | Critical | Necessity of the Cross | 8:31; 9:31; 10:33 | Necessity ≠ fatalism (किस्मत) |
| 32 | Cross | σταυρός | stauros | क्रूस | krus | New | Critical | Necessity of the Cross | 8:34; 10:21; 15:21-32 | MUST distinguish from Baba Jitto self-sacrifice tradition |
| 33 | Deny oneself | ἀπαρνέομαι | aparneomai | आपणे आप थमां मुकरना | aapne aap thamaan mukarna | New | High | Discipleship | 8:34 | Ironic echo with Peter’s denial (ch.14) |
| 34 | Transfiguration | μεταμορφόω | metamorphoō | रूप बदलना | roop badalna | New | Critical | Son of God | 9:2-8 | Avatar-transformation collision risk; unveiling not shape-shift |
| 35 | Servant | διάκονος | diakonos | सेवक | sevak | New | High | Servanthood vs Greatness | 9:35; 10:43; 10:45 | Guard against merit-earning seva framing |
| 36 | Cause to stumble/sin | σκανδαλίζω | skandalizō | पाप च पाना | paap ch paana | New | Medium | Discipleship | 9:42-47 | — |
| 37 | Gehenna / hell | γέεννα | geenna | नर्क | narak | New | High | Necessity of the Cross | 9:43-48 | Distinguish from cyclical karma-based hell realms |
| 38 | Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | अनन्त जीवन | anant jeevan | New | High | Kingdom; Salvation overlap | 10:17, 30 | Not liberation-from-rebirth (मुक्ति/मोक्ष) |
| 39 | Son of David | υἱὸς Δαυίδ | huios Dauid | दाऊद दा पुत्तर | Daud da puttar | New (built on Baseline David) | High | Messianic Secret | 10:47-48 | Messianic title |
| 40 | Have mercy | ἐλεέω | eleeō | दया करो | daya karo | New | Medium | Faith Amid Fear | 10:47-48 | Mercy sought in faith, still unmerited |
| 41 | Glory | δόξα | doxa | महिमा | mahima | Baseline Reuse | High | Servanthood vs Greatness | 10:37; 13:26 | Not court/status splendor |
| 42 | Seats of honor (right/left hand) | ἐκ δεξιῶν / ἐξ εὐωνύμων | ek dexiōn / ex euōnymōn | सज्जे ते खब्बे हत्थ | sajje te khabbe hatth | New | High | Servanthood vs Greatness | 10:37, 40 | Engages izzat/honor-rank instinct directly |
| 43 | Cup (of suffering) | ποτήριον | potērion | कटोरा | katora | New | High | Necessity of the Cross | 10:38-39; 14:36 | Not a ritual offering-vessel |
| 44 | To lord over / domineer | κατακυριεύω | katakyrieuō | दबाइयै हुकम चलाना | dabaiyai hukam chalana | New | Critical | Servanthood vs Greatness | 10:42 | Shares root with κύριος/प्रभु — NEVER use प्रभु-forms here |
| 45 | Exercise authority (domineering) | κατεξουσιάζω | katexousiazō | अधिकार कन्नै दबाना | adhikar kannai dabana | New | Medium | Servanthood vs Greatness | 10:42 | Negative-use companion to ἐξουσία |
| 46 | Great / greatness | μέγας | megas | बड्डा | badda | New | High | Servanthood vs Greatness | 10:43 | Directly confronts izzat/rank values |
| 47 | First | πρῶτος | prōtos | पहला | pehla | New | High | Servanthood vs Greatness | 10:44 | — |
| 48 | Slave/bondservant | δοῦλος | doulos | दास | das | New | High | Servanthood vs Greatness | 10:44 | Deliberate honor-reversal; do not soften |
| 49 | Soul/life | ψυχή | psychē | जिंद | jind | New | High | Ransom for Many | 10:45 | Whole embodied self, not disembodied soul alone |
| 50 | Ransom | λύτρον | lytron | छुटकारे दी कीमत | chhutkare di keemat | New | Critical | Ransom for Many | 10:45 | MUST NOT be equated with Baba Jitto protest self-sacrifice; never मुक्ति |
| 51 | In place of (substitution) | ἀντί | anti | दी जगह | di jagah | New | Critical | Ransom for Many; Necessity of the Cross | 10:45 | Substitution, not mere solidarity/accompaniment |
| 52 | Many | πολλῶν | pollōn | मते लोक | mate lok | New | High | Ransom for Many | 10:45 | Echoes Isaiah 53 Suffering Servant scope |
| 53 | Hosanna | ὡσαννά | hōsanna | होसाना | hosana | New | Medium | Kingdom Breaking In | 11:9-10 | Gloss as “save now,” not generic cheer |
| 54 | Temple (Jerusalem) | ἱερόν | hieron | मंदर | mandar | New | Medium | Jesus’ Authority | 11:11-17 | Distinguish from regional Hindu temples (unlike “church,” which forbids मंदर) |
| 55 | Den of robbers | σπήλαιον λῃστῶν | spēlaion lēstōn | डाकुआं दा गुफा | daakuaan da gufa | New | Medium | Unity of Jews/Gentiles | 11:17 | — |
| 56 | Cornerstone | κεφαλὴ γωνίας | kephalē gōnias | नींह् दा मुख्य पथर | neenh da mukhya patthar | New | High | Necessity of the Cross | 12:10-11 | Rejection-then-vindication pattern |
| 57 | Love | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω | agapē / agapaō | प्यार | pyar | New | High | Discipleship | 12:28-34 | Covenantal command-love, not generalized bhakti devotion |
| 58 | Keep watch | γρηγορέω | grēgoreō | जागदे रौह् | jagde rauh | New | Medium | Faith Amid Fear | 13:33-37 | Watchful trust, not anxious dread |
| 59 | Tribulation | θλῖψις | thlipsis | बड्डी तकलीफ | baddi takleef | New | Low | Faith Amid Fear | 13:19, 24 | — |
| 60 | Covenant | διαθήκη | diathēkē | नियम | niyam | Baseline Reuse | High | Ransom for Many | 14:24 | Requires OT covenant background |
| 61 | Covenant blood | τὸ αἷμα… τῆς διαθήκης | to haima… tēs diathēkēs | मेरा खून, जड़ा नियम दा ऐ | mera khoon, jada niyam da ai | New | Critical | Necessity of the Cross | 14:24 | Not a repeated appeasement/blood-offering rite |
| 62 | Body | σῶμα | sōma | देह | deh | New | High | Necessity of the Cross | 14:22 | Guard against literalist or merely-symbolic extremes |
| 63 | Will (of God) | θέλημα | thelēma | मरजी | marji | New | High | Necessity of the Cross | 14:36 | Ties to δεῖ (necessity, ch.8) |
| 64 | Abba, Father | Ἀββά | Abba | अब्बा | Abba | Baseline Reuse | High | Discipleship | 14:36 | Preserve Aramaic intimacy term |
| 65 | Betray / hand over | παραδίδωμι | paradidōmi | हवाले करना / धोखा देना | havale karna / dhokha dena | New | High | Necessity of the Cross | 9:31; 14:10-44 | Holds human treachery and divine plan together |
| 66 | Deny | ἀρνέομαι | arneomai | मुकरना | mukarna | New | High | Faith Amid Fear | 14:66-72 | Echoes 8:34’s self-denial, now tragically inverted |
| 67 | King of the Jews | βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων | basileus tōn Ioudaiōn | यहूदियां दा राजा | yahudiyan da raja | New | High | Kingdom Breaking In | 15:2-26 | Preserve the mocking-yet-true irony |
| 68 | Crucify | σταυρόω | stauroō | क्रूस उप्पर चढ़ाना | krus uppar chadhana | New | Critical | Necessity of the Cross | 15:15-25 | Same Baba Jitto caution as “cross” |
| 69 | Cry of dereliction | Ἐλωΐ Ἐλωΐ λεμὰ σαβαχθανί (Aramaic) | Eloi Eloi lema sabachthani | एलोई एलोई लमा सबख्थनी | Eloi Eloi lama sabakhthani | New | Critical | Necessity of the Cross | 15:34 | Never reduce to generic human despair |
| 70 | Resurrection | ἐγείρω / ἀνάστασις | egeirō / anastasis | मुर्दघरा चा जिंदा होना | murdaghara cha jinda hona | Baseline Reuse | Critical | Necessity of the Cross | 16:6 | Never पुनर्जन्म |
| 71 | Taken up (ascension) | ἀναλαμβάνω | analambanō | उप्पर चुक्केआ जाना | uppar chukkea jana | New | High | Kingdom Breaking In | 16:19 (longer ending) | Descriptive compound, avoid folk soul-departure imagery |
| 72 | Signs | σημεῖον | sēmeion | निशान | nishan | New | Low | Jesus’ Authority | 16:17-18 (longer ending) | — |
| 73 | Mission / proclamation | ἀποστολή / πέμπω | apostolē / pempō | प्रचार दा कम्म | prachar da kamm | Baseline Reuse | Medium | Kingdom Breaking In | 16:15 | Colonial-mission-school sensitivity per baseline |
| 74 | Israel | יִשְׂרָאֵל | Yisra’el | इस्राएल | Israel | Baseline Reuse | Medium | Unity of Jews/Gentiles | (contextual, Davidic material) | — |
| 75 | David | דָּוִד | Dawid | दाऊद | Daud | Baseline Reuse | Low | Messianic Secret | 10:47-48; 12:35-37 | — |
| 76 | God | θεός | theos | परमेश्वर | Parmeshwar | Baseline Reuse | Critical | Son of God | throughout | Not भगवान |
| 77 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | pneuma hagion | पवित्तर आत्मा | pavittar aatma | Baseline Reuse | Critical | Jesus’ Authority; Kingdom | 1:8, 10, 12; 3:29; 13:11 | Never शक्ति; parallels अशुद्ध आत्मा contrast |
| 78 | Father | πατήρ | patēr | पिता | pita | Baseline Reuse | High | Discipleship | 14:36 | — |
| 79 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Iēsous | यीशु | Yishu | Baseline Reuse | Critical | (proper name, throughout) | throughout | Not ईसा |
Risk Summary for Mark Curriculum
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 18 | Human theologian review — every occurrence |
| High | 31 | Human theologian review |
| Medium | 22 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 8 | Automated review |
Cross-Reference to Baseline Package
Of the 79 terms above, the following are Baseline Reuse terms carried over unchanged from the Romans translation_memory.json: gospel, son_of_god, kingdom_of_god, sin, lord, apostle, faith, glory, covenant, abba, resurrection, mission, israel, david, god, holy_spirit, father, jesus, messiah (as “Christ”). All remaining terms are New to this Mark-specific glossary and require the same Bible Society of India confirmation process the baseline recommends before Phase 2 deployment. Any future revision to a Baseline Reuse term must be made in the Romans package first and propagated here, never the reverse.
Critical Risk Terms
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दा पुत्तर
Transliteration: Parmeshwar da puttar
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ; Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतार (never use)
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Frames Mark’s opening (1:1) and closing (15:39) confession. Must never soften toward avatar-descent categories salient locally through Raghunath Mandir’s Rama devotion.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: महाराजा (the historic Dogra dynastic royal title; never use)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Claimed by Jesus over the Sabbath (2:28), acclaimed at 11:9-10, asserted over David himself (12:35-37). Never use for domineering worldly rulers (see lord_it_over below, a deliberately distinct term).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: मुर्दघरा चा जिंदा होना
Transliteration: murdaghara cha jinda hona
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation, never use)
Original: ἐγείρω / ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 16:6 — the climactic vindication of the necessity of the cross; must never be rendered with पुनर्जन्म.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parmeshwar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान (broad Hindu deity usage, avoid)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्तर आत्मा
Transliteration: pavittar aatma
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin; Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति (goddess-power, never use), परमात्मा alone (never use)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Descends at Jesus’ baptism (1:8-12); standard against which blasphemy is measured (3:29); deliberately parallels अशुद्ध आत्मा (unclean spirit) to preserve the moral contrast.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yishu
Doctrine: Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God
Rejected alternatives: ईसा (reserve for interfaith-dialogue framing only)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: masih
Doctrine: The Messianic Secret
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Peter’s confession (8:29) is the structural turning point of the book and the climax of the Messianic Secret motif.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनुक्खे दा पुत्तर
Transliteration: mankhe da puttar
Doctrine: The Son of Man Title
Rejected alternatives: a bare, generic ‘man/mankhu’ (never use; loses the deliberate self-designation)
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW. Jesus’ preferred self-designation, holding together genuine humanity and Daniel 7:13-14’s exalted authority (2:10; 8:31; 10:45; 13:26; 14:62). Must be kept clearly distinct from परमेश्वर दा पुत्तर (Son of God) so neither the humanity nor the divine-authority half of the title is lost.
Sozo Save Heal
Approved rendering: चंगा करना
Transliteration: changa karna
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness
Rejected alternatives: उद्धार (reserved for full soteriological salvation; never default to this in ordinary healing narratives)
Original: σῴζω
Category: Healing
NEW. σῴζω (5:23-34; 10:52) spans physical healing and full salvation in Greek. Use चंगा करना for physical healing; flag the shared Greek root in teaching notes so students see, without collapsing, the connection to fuller salvation.
Ego Eimi
Approved rendering: मैं ही ऐं
Transliteration: main hi aan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: a merely reassuring ‘it’s just me’ (never flatten to this)
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι
Category: Christology
NEW. 6:50; 14:62. Possible echo of God’s self-revelation to Moses (Exodus 3:14), especially given the context of authority over the sea (Job 38; Psalm 107). Translator note required at every occurrence.
Must Suffer
Approved rendering: दुख झलणा जरूरी ऐ
Transliteration: dukh jhalna zaroori ai
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Rejected alternatives: a plain fatalistic ‘must happen’ framing that could read as किस्मत (never use)
Original: δεῖ παθεῖν
Category: Atonement
NEW. δεῖ παθεῖν, 8:31; 9:31; 10:33. Must convey divine purposive necessity, not fatalistic inevitability; the suffering is necessary because it accomplishes God’s saving plan (cf. 10:45), not impersonal destiny.
Cross
Approved rendering: क्रूस
Transliteration: krus
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Rejected alternatives: any comparison to the Baba Jitto folk-martyr protest-death tradition (never use, even as illustration)
Original: σταυρός
Category: Atonement
NEW. 8:34; 10:21; 15:21-32. CRITICAL LOCAL COLLISION: must be sharply distinguished from the Baba Jitto self-sacrifice tradition (Aghar Jitto shrine, Jitto Da Mela). Mandatory translator/teacher note required at every occurrence.
Transfiguration
Approved rendering: रूप बदलना
Transliteration: roop badalna
Doctrine: Transfiguration and the Glory of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतार-adjacent framing (never use; same forbidden-term discipline as the baseline’s incarnation entry)
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
NEW. 9:2-8. Momentary visible disclosure of Christ’s already-existing divine glory, not a new assumption of form; sits unusually close to avatar-transformation narratives central to Raghunath Mandir devotion.
Lord It Over
Approved rendering: दबाइयै हुकम चलाना
Transliteration: dabaiyai hukam chalana
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Rejected alternatives: any प्रभु-derived form (ABSOLUTELY forbidden here)
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Servanthood
NEW. κατακυριεύω, 10:42 (CORE PASSAGE). Shares its root with κύριος/प्रभु. MUST NEVER use प्रभु or any प्रभु-derived form, since प्रभु is reserved exclusively for Christ’s true Lordship. Translator note required flagging the Greek wordplay: worldly rulers ‘lord’ it over others, but Christ actually is Lord, and rules by serving.
Ransom
Approved rendering: छुटकारे दी कीमत
Transliteration: chhutkare di keemat
Doctrine: The Ransom for Many
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति (baseline-forbidden, samsara-liberation; never use), any equivalence with the Baba Jitto self-sacrifice tradition (never use, even by loose analogy)
Original: λύτρον
Category: Ransom
NEW. λύτρον, 10:45 (CORE PASSAGE). The single most theologically load-bearing term in Mark. CRITICAL LOCAL COLLISION with the Baba Jitto folk-martyr tradition (protest self-sacrifice against an exploitative landlord) — Christ’s ransom is substitutionary payment for guilt, offered for the very people whose guilt it covers, not protest witness. Mandatory translator/teacher note required.
In Place Of
Approved rendering: दी जगह
Transliteration: di jagah
Doctrine: The Ransom for Many
Rejected alternatives: mere accompaniment/solidarity framing (‘with,’ ‘alongside’; never use as a substitute for strict substitution)
Original: ἀντί
Category: Ransom
NEW. ἀντί, 10:45 (CORE PASSAGE). Strict substitution sense must be explicit and reinforced by translator note; this is the exegetical anchor excluding a merely exemplary or in-solidarity-with-sufferers reading (which the Baba Jitto analogy would wrongly encourage).
Covenant Blood
Approved rendering: मेरा खून, जड़ा नियम दा ऐ
Transliteration: mera khoon, jada niyam da ai
Doctrine: Covenant Blood and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: any assimilation to regional blood-offering/appeasement-sacrifice tradition, e.g. Shakta goddess worship near Bahu Fort (never use)
Original: τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Atonement
NEW. τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης, 14:24. Must connect explicitly to the Exodus 24 covenant background; a once-for-all, self-given sacrifice establishing relationship, not a repeated propitiatory offering.
Crucify
Approved rendering: क्रूस उप्पर चढ़ाना
Transliteration: krus uppar chadhana
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Rejected alternatives: any equivalence with Baba Jitto’s protest-death (never use)
Original: σταυρόω
Category: Atonement
NEW. σταυρόω, 15:15-25. Same Baba Jitto distinction required as for ‘cross,’ applying with full force at the actual narration of the crucifixion.
Cry Of Dereliction
Approved rendering: एलोई एलोई लमा सबख्थनी
Transliteration: Eloi Eloi lama sabakhthani
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ; The Necessity of the Cross
Rejected alternatives: a fully translated, non-transliterated rendering that would lose the Aramaic’s rawness (avoid), generic human despair framing emptied of atoning significance (never use)
Original: Ἐλωΐ Ἐλωΐ λεμὰ σαβαχθανί (Aramaic)
Category: Atonement
NEW. Ἐλωΐ Ἐλωΐ λεμὰ σαβαχθανί, 15:34, quoting Psalm 22:1. Preserve the Aramaic exactly as with Abba and Talitha cum; the Son bears the judgment due to the ‘many’ of 10:45’s ransom saying at precisely this moment.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: खरी खबर
Transliteration: khari khabar
Doctrine: Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God; Kingdom of God Breaking In
Rejected alternatives: सुसमाचार (Hindi Christian loanword; avoid)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 1:1 uses this word to title the entire book; also functions as a royal-announcement genre marker reinforcing the in-breaking-kingdom doctrine, not merely personal good news.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दा राज्य
Transliteration: Parmeshwar da rajya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Breaking In
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package (Medium there; elevated to High in Mark because the ‘already breaking in’ emphasis is a distinct curriculum doctrine). Must not be heard as a political or dynastic kingdom given the Duggar region’s own recently-ended princely-state history.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: paap
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin
Rejected alternatives: भिट्ट (ritual impurity, avoid)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 7:14-23 is the Gospel’s primary text teaching the पाप vs. भिट्ट distinction; cross-reference explicitly when teaching this term.
Faith
Approved rendering: भरोसा
Transliteration: bharosa
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा (too broad)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The object of faith (Jesus specifically) must always be recoverable from context — 4:40, 5:34, 10:52 — distinct from generalized religious devotion transferable to any regional deity.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness; Transfiguration and the Glory of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. James and John misapply true glory (10:37) to a status-seeking court framework; must not conflate with ceremonial splendor (aarti, temple lighting rites) associated with darshan at Raghunath Mandir.
Covenant
Approved rendering: नियम
Transliteration: niyam
Doctrine: Necessity of the Cross; The Ransom for Many
Rejected alternatives: समझौता (too transactional)
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Invoked at the Last Supper over Christ’s own blood (14:24); requires explicit Exodus 24 covenant background.
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Call to Discipleship; Necessity of the Cross (Gethsemane)
Original: Ἀββά
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Preserved as Aramaic transliteration in Gethsemane (14:36), paired with ‘will of God’ (मरजी).
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pita
Doctrine: Necessity of the Cross (Gethsemane)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Addressed intimately in Gethsemane (14:36) alongside अब्बा.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दी सामर्थ
Transliteration: Parmeshwar di samarth
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Nature
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति (goddess-power, never use)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. δύναμις in 6:2, 6:14, 9:1, 13:26; keep distinct from अधिकार (exousia, the right to act).
Kingdom Has Come Near
Approved rendering: नेड़े आ गेआ ऐ
Transliteration: nede aa geya ai
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Breaking In
Original: ἤγγικεν (ἐγγίζω)
Category: Kingdom
NEW. 1:15 (ἤγγικεν). Must convey present in-breaking, not only future arrival; guard against both a purely future political-restoration reading (echoing the region’s own ended princely-state history) and a cyclical golden-age framework.
Authority
Approved rendering: अधिकार
Transliteration: adhikar
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Authority
NEW. ἐξουσία (1:22, 27; 2:10; 11:28). Keep distinct from सामर्थ (dynamis, power_of_god); exousia is the right to act, foundational to the doctrine of Jesus’ authority.
Unclean Spirit
Approved rendering: अशुद्ध आत्मा / दुष्ट आत्मा
Transliteration: ashuddh aatma / dusht aatma
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Unclean Spirits
Original: πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / δαιμόνιον
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. 1:23; 5:1-20; 9:14-29. Deliberately parallels पवित्तर आत्मा to preserve the source text’s moral contrast. Christ’s expulsions are authoritative command by his own word, distinct from regional ojha/bhagat exorcism ritual, incantation, or negotiated spirit-appeasement.
Leprosy Cleanse
Approved rendering: कोढ़ / शुद्ध करना
Transliteration: kodh / shuddh karna
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness
Original: λέπρα / καθαρίζω
Category: Healing
NEW. 1:40-45. Here शुद्ध correctly denotes the OT Levitical ritual-legal category the Greek itself invokes, unlike the baseline’s caution against शुद्ध as a substitute for holy (पवित्तर). Footnote required so readers do not conclude शुद्ध endorses a general Hindu ritual-purity framework.
Forgive Sins
Approved rendering: पापां दी माफी देना
Transliteration: papan di maafi dena
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin
Original: ἀφίημι (+ ἁμαρτίαι)
Category: Salvation
NEW. 2:1-12. Distinct from justification (धर्मी ठहराए जाना, Romans baseline Critical) — the everyday act of pardon, not the forensic once-for-all declaration of righteousness.
Blasphemy Against Spirit
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दी निंदा
Transliteration: Parmeshwar di ninda
Doctrine: Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία
Category: Sin
NEW. 3:28-29. The one unforgivable sin — decisive, willful attribution of the Spirit’s work in Christ to Satan; must not be generalized into any harsh speech about God.
Will Of God Family
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर दी मरजी पूरी करना
Transliteration: Parmeshwar di marji poori karna
Doctrine: The True Family of God
Original: θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Discipleship
NEW. 3:31-35. Family membership redefined by obedience to God, not blood-lineage; must be shown displacing Dogra Rajput lineage/honor (izzat) identity without appearing to dishonor family as such — parallels the baseline’s adoption entry.
Mystery
Approved rendering: भेद
Transliteration: bhed
Doctrine: The Messianic Secret
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Messianic Secret
NEW. 4:11. The hidden truth of the kingdom, disclosed to disciples but veiled from those ‘outside.’ Central to the Messianic Secret; teach together with the silencing-command pattern (1:34, 44; 3:12; 8:30; 9:9), not as an isolated word.
Defilement Heart
Approved rendering: मन / अशुद्ध
Transliteration: man / ashuddh
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin
Original: κοινός / καρδία
Category: Sin
NEW. 7:14-23. Reinforces the baseline’s पाप (moral sin) vs. भिट्ट (ritual impurity, rejected) distinction; this is Mark’s primary text teaching that distinction.
Deny Oneself
Approved rendering: आपणे आप थमां मुकरना
Transliteration: aapne aap thamaan mukarna
Doctrine: Call to Discipleship
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι
Category: Discipleship
NEW. 8:34. Shares its verb root with Peter’s later denial of Christ (14:66-72); this irony (deny self vs. deny Christ) should be preserved and flagged for teaching.
Servant
Approved rendering: सेवक
Transliteration: sevak
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Original: διάκονος
Category: Servanthood
NEW. διάκονος, 9:35; 10:43; 10:45. Must be taught explicitly as service of other people, modeled on Christ’s own self-giving, not devotional service rendered upward to a deity/guru for merit (guard against a पुण्य/seva-merit misreading).
Gehenna
Approved rendering: नर्क
Transliteration: narak
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross (final judgment)
Original: γέεννα
Category: Judgment
NEW. 9:43-48. नर्क is the established regional term but carries strong associations with Hindu cosmology’s temporary, karma-proportionate hell-realms within an ongoing rebirth cycle; translator note required clarifying Gehenna as final, not cyclical, judgment.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: anant jeevan
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Kingdom Inheritance
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति/मोक्ष-style release-from-samsara framing (never use)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW. ζωὴ αἰώνιος, 10:17, 30. Everlasting, relational life with God in the age to come, not liberation from an ongoing rebirth cycle.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊद दा पुत्तर
Transliteration: Daud da puttar
Doctrine: The Messianic Secret
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW. 10:47-48; 12:35-37. Messianic title; requires OT Davidic covenant background to avoid being heard merely as a genealogical honor claim, a risk heightened by Dogra Rajput lineage-consciousness.
Seats Of Honor
Approved rendering: सज्जे ते खब्बे हत्थ
Transliteration: sajje te khabbe hatth
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Original: ἐκ δεξιῶν / ἐξ εὐωνύμων
Category: Servanthood
NEW. 10:37, 40 (CORE PASSAGE). James and John’s request for the two most honored positions; must be heard as a genuine izzat-engaging status claim, then overturned — do not soften or generalize the request.
Cup Of Suffering
Approved rendering: कटोरा
Transliteration: katora
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Rejected alternatives: a ritual offering/libation vessel framing (avoid)
Original: ποτήριον
Category: Atonement
NEW. ποτήριον, 10:38-39; 14:36 (CORE PASSAGE). Must be taught explicitly as ‘the cup of suffering appointed by God’; translator footnote required at first occurrence.
Great Greatness
Approved rendering: बड्डा
Transliteration: badda
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Original: μέγας
Category: Servanthood
NEW. μέγας, 10:43 (CORE PASSAGE). Must be held in tension with Dogra Rajput izzat culture, in which social ‘greatness’ (rank, lineage-honor) is a deeply lived value; the reversal here must not be softened.
First
Approved rendering: पहला
Transliteration: pehla
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Original: πρῶτος
Category: Servanthood
NEW. πρῶτος, 10:44 (CORE PASSAGE). Intensifies v.43’s reversal; same izzat-based instinct is confronted.
Slave Bondservant
Approved rendering: दास
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Rejected alternatives: a softer generic ‘helper’ (never use; would blunt the deliberate honor-reversal)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Servanthood
NEW. δοῦλος, 10:44 (CORE PASSAGE). Direct, calculated collision with Dogra Rajput izzat culture, in which slave-status is the ultimate dishonor; that collision is the theological point. Translator footnote required.
Soul Life
Approved rendering: जिंद
Transliteration: jind
Doctrine: The Ransom for Many
Rejected alternatives: a term suggesting only breath or a detachable immortal soul (avoid)
Original: ψυχή
Category: Ransom
NEW. ψυχή, 10:45 (CORE PASSAGE). The whole embodied self given voluntarily by Christ, not a disembodied-soul release resembling regional folk soul-departure imagery. Never gloss with आत्मा-family vocabulary.
Many
Approved rendering: मते लोक
Transliteration: mate lok
Doctrine: The Ransom for Many
Original: πολλῶν
Category: Ransom
NEW. πολλῶν, 10:45 (CORE PASSAGE). A vast, comprehensive number, echoing Isaiah 53:11-12’s Suffering Servant precisely; not a restrictively small elect group nor automatic universal salvation apart from faith.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: नींह् दा मुख्य पथर
Transliteration: neenh da mukhya patthar
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Original: κεφαλὴ γωνίας
Category: Atonement
NEW. κεφαλὴ γωνίας, 12:10-11 (Psalm 118 citation). Climactic image of the rejected-yet-vindicated Son; anticipates the Passion and Resurrection’s rejection-then-vindication pattern.
Love
Approved rendering: प्यार
Transliteration: pyar
Doctrine: Love of God and Neighbor
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Discipleship
NEW. ἀγάπη/ἀγαπάω, 12:28-34. Must be taught as covenantal, command-shaped love toward the one true God and neighbor, not generalized bhakti-style prema-devotion transferable to any chosen deity.
Body
Approved rendering: देह
Transliteration: deh
Doctrine: Covenant Blood and Atonement
Original: σῶμα
Category: Atonement
NEW. σῶμα, 14:22, ‘This is my body.’ Guard against both literalistic (cannibalistic) misunderstanding and a merely symbolic, memorial-only reading.
Will Of God Gethsemane
Approved rendering: मरजी
Transliteration: marji
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross (Gethsemane)
Original: θέλημα
Category: Atonement
NEW. θέλημα, 14:36, ‘Not what I will, but what you will.’ Ties directly to दुख झलणा जरूरी ऐ (δεῖ, necessity); teach as willing, relational submission, not fatalistic resignation.
Betray Hand Over
Approved rendering: हवाले करना / धोखा देना
Transliteration: havale karna / dhokha dena
Doctrine: Betrayal and the Divine Plan
Original: παραδίδωμι
Category: Atonement
NEW. παραδίδωμι, 9:31; 10:33; 14:10-44. Preserve both senses across occurrences — human treachery (धोखा देना for Judas specifically) and the mysterious divine ‘necessity’ — without collapsing one into the other.
Deny
Approved rendering: मुकरना
Transliteration: mukarna
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Faith
NEW. ἀρνέομαι, 14:66-72, Peter’s threefold denial. Same root sense as 8:34’s self-denial, now tragically inverted; fear of association with Christ, not lack of prior devotion, causes the fall.
King Of The Jews
Approved rendering: यहूदियां दा राजा
Transliteration: yahudiyan da raja
Doctrine: The Kingship of Christ and the Irony of the Cross
Rejected alternatives: महाराजा (never use)
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
Category: Kingdom
NEW. βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, 15:2-26. Preserve the mocking-yet-true irony; do not resolve or explain it away in translation.
Taken Up Ascension
Approved rendering: उप्पर चुक्केआ जाना
Transliteration: uppar chukkea jana
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ (ascension)
Rejected alternatives: any single word carrying folk soul-departure connotations (avoid)
Original: ἀναλαμβάνω
Category: Kingdom
NEW. ἀναλαμβάνω, 16:19 (longer ending). Descriptive compound, in the same style as the baseline’s resurrection phrase, closing the resurrection doctrine’s arc, not a separate rebirth or transmigration event.
Fasting
Approved rendering: उपवास
Transliteration: upvaas
Doctrine: Call to Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: व्रत / बरत (a votive fast undertaken to obtain a boon or fulfill a vow; never use — directly parallels the mannat economy the baseline flags for grace)
NEW gap term (CRITICAL FENCING REQUIRED). νηστεία/νηστεύω, 2:18-20; 9:29. उपवास is the safer choice but still requires an explicit teaching note that Christian fasting is disciplined seeking of God, not a transactional practice securing a wish.
Corban
Approved rendering: कुरबान (परमेश्वर आस्तै अर्पित कीता होया)
Transliteration: kurbaan (Parmeshwar aaste arpit keeta hoya)
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin
NEW gap term. κορβᶰν, 7:11. A vow-declaration devoting a gift to God, used to evade caring for one’s parents — a direct instance of the same vow/mannat transactional logic the baseline Critically flags for grace, here exposed by Jesus himself as a corrupted use of vow-piety. Transliterate then gloss; never fully paraphrase away the technical vow-character.
Rabbi
Approved rendering: रब्बी
Transliteration: rabbi
Doctrine: The Messianic Secret; Call to Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरू (never use; imports the entire North Indian/Sikh-influenced guru-veneration devotional framework onto Jesus)
NEW gap term. ῥαββί, 9:5; 10:51; 11:21; 14:45. Always transliterate; never render as गुरू, which is prestigious and widespread in Duggar culture but would wrongly frame the address in terms of guru-darshan/feet-touching devotion the text does not intend at these loci.
Passover
Approved rendering: फसह
Transliteration: Fasah
Doctrine: Covenant Blood and Atonement; The Necessity of the Cross
Rejected alternatives: any मुक्ति-root paraphrase, e.g. ‘liberation feast’ (never use), मेला-adjacent phrasing equating it with regional devotional fairs such as Jitto Da Mela (never use)
NEW gap term (CRITICAL FENCING). πάσχα, 14:1, 12, 14, 16. Transliterate, not paraphrase; a specific covenant-memorial feast rooted in Exodus 12, not a folk pilgrimage-fair occasion.
High Priest
Approved rendering: महायाजक / याजक
Transliteration: mahayajak / yajak
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross (trial narrative)
Rejected alternatives: पुजारी (never use; the single most locally salient religious-office word in the Duggar region, tied to Raghunath Mandir and Bahu Fort)
NEW gap term (CRITICAL FENCING). ἀρχιερεύς/ἱερεύς, throughout chs. 12, 14-15. Established, less devotionally loaded Sanskritic compounds already used in regional Hindi Bible tradition; explicit note required that this is a specific historical Israelite covenant office, not a functional equivalent to a temple pujari.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: भेजेआ होया
Transliteration: bhejea hoya
Doctrine: Call to Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत (too weak)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The Twelve appointed (3:14) and sent (6:7-13) bearing Christ’s own delegated authority, not a generic teacher/guru role.
Mission
Approved rendering: प्रचार दा कम्म
Transliteration: prachar da kamm
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 13:10; 16:15 (longer ending). Frame as the church’s own ongoing calling, not colonial-era mission-school associations.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Standard proper name.
Repentance
Approved rendering: मन फिराना
Transliteration: man phirana
Doctrine: Repentance and the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: पछताना (mere regret, too narrow)
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1:4, 15. Whole-person reorientation of mind and life, not a preparatory ritual washing comparable to river/shrine purification before darshan.
Baptism
Approved rendering: बपतिस्मा
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: Repentance and the Gospel; Necessity of the Cross (metaphorical use)
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Discipleship
NEW. 1:4-11 literal water rite; 10:38-39 metaphorical extension to Christ’s suffering and death. Translator note required distinguishing the two senses so the metaphor is not misread as a second literal rite. Distinguish from ritual bathing at regional shrines/rivers.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: सबत
Transliteration: sabat
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin (Lordship over the Law)
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
NEW. 2:23-28. Jesus’ claim to be ‘lord of the Sabbath’ is a claim to authority over the Mosaic Law itself, reinforcing प्रभु (Critical), not merely a liberal Sabbath interpretation.
Satan
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: shaitan
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Unclean Spirits
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. 3:22-27; 8:33. A widely recognized regional term; teach as a real, personal, already-defeated spiritual adversary under Christ’s authority, not a vague personification of misfortune akin to किस्मत (fate).
Parable
Approved rendering: मिसाल
Transliteration: misal
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Breaking In
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Chapter 4. Ensure Dogri agricultural/domestic imagery (seed, soil, lamp) remains recognizable to the Duggar farming context.
Fear
Approved rendering: डर
Transliteration: dar
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear
Original: φόβος / φοβέομαι
Category: Faith
NEW. 4:40-41; 16:8. The direct contrast term to भरोसा throughout the Faith-amid-Fear doctrine; must retain its negative, competing-response force, not be softened into mere prudent caution.
Compassion
Approved rendering: दिल च तरस आना
Transliteration: dil ch taras aana
Doctrine: Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Christology
NEW. σπλαγχνίζομαι, 6:34; 8:2. Christ’s felt, visceral compassion prompting action; keep distinct from grace (बिना कमाई दित्ती दया, Romans baseline Critical).
Tradition Of Elders
Approved rendering: पुराने लोकां दी रीत
Transliteration: purane lokan di reet
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Discipleship
NEW. 7:1-13. Deliberately echoes the Romans baseline’s rejected रीत-रिवाज alternative to ‘obedience of faith’; this chapter is where Jesus critiques exactly that substitution.
Cause To Stumble
Approved rendering: पाप च पाना
Transliteration: paap ch paana
Doctrine: Call to Discipleship
Original: σκανδαλίζω
Category: Discipleship
NEW. σκανδαλίζω, 9:42-47. Causing another’s sin/spiritual fall, not merely one’s own stumbling.
Have Mercy
Approved rendering: दया करो
Transliteration: daya karo
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear
Original: ἐλεέω
Category: Faith
NEW. ἐλεέω, 10:47-48. Shares its root (दया) with the baseline’s grace entry; teach that Bartimaeus’s plea is a cry of faith trusting God’s character, not a plea that earns pity through persistence.
Exercise Authority Domineering
Approved rendering: अधिकार कन्नै दबाना
Transliteration: adhikar kannai dabana
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Original: κατεξουσιάζω
Category: Servanthood
NEW. κατεξουσιάζω, 10:42 (CORE PASSAGE). Negative-use companion to अधिकार (exousia); reinforces the domineering-rule motif without collision with प्रभु.
Hosanna
Approved rendering: होसाना
Transliteration: hosana
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Breaking In
Original: ὡσαννά
Category: Kingdom
NEW. ὡσαννά, 11:9-10. Gloss as ‘save now’ to preserve its rootedness in the plea for messianic deliverance, not a generic festival cheer.
Temple
Approved rendering: मंदर
Transliteration: mandar
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἱερόν
Category: Church
NEW. ἱερόν, 11:11, 15-17. Unlike ‘church’ (baseline, which forbids मंदर to avoid confusion with regional Hindu temples), here मंदर is contextually accurate for the historical Jerusalem Second Temple, but requires a clarifying note distinguishing it from any implied equivalence with Raghunath Mandir or similar regional temples.
Den Of Robbers
Approved rendering: डाकुआं दा गुफा
Transliteration: daakuaan da gufa
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: σπήλαιον λῃστῶν
Category: Church
NEW. σπήλαιον λῃστῶν, 11:17. Contrasted with ‘a house of prayer for all nations’; no additional local collision risk beyond preserving the universal ‘all nations’ scope unsoftened.
Keep Watch
Approved rendering: जागदे रौह्
Transliteration: jagde rauh
Doctrine: Watchfulness and Eschatological Hope
Original: γρηγορέω
Category: Faith
NEW. γρηγορέω, 13:33-37. Spiritual and moral alertness, not mere physical wakefulness; connects to Faith and Discipleship amid Fear as watchful trust rather than anxious dread.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: सभा-घर (यहूदी सभा-घर)
Transliteration: sabha-ghar (yahudi sabha-ghar)
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature
Rejected alternatives: कलीसिया (church, baseline; never use), मंदर (temple; never use for this distinct institution)
NEW gap term (Linguistic Gap Analysis §3). συναγωγή, 1:21, 39 and elsewhere. A third category distinct from both कलीसिया and मंदर; a descriptive compound, parallel to how ‘church’ avoided मंदर, prevents synagogue from being folded into either category.
Prayer
Approved rendering: प्रार्थना
Transliteration: prarthana
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear; The Necessity of the Cross (Gethsemane)
NEW gap term. προσευχή/προσεύχομαι, 1:35; 6:46; 9:29; 11:17, 24-25; 14:32-39. Distinct from बिचाल्ले होइयै बिनती (intercession, Romans baseline) which is prayer for others; this is direct address to God, unmediated by a pandit/priest intermediary or shrine-based ritual approach.
Beelzebul
Approved rendering: बेलजबूल
Transliteration: Beljaboul
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Unclean Spirits
NEW gap term. Βεελζεβούλ, 3:22, used interchangeably with शैतान in the same passage. Must be taught as the same personal adversary under a different name, avoiding an unintended polytheistic reading.
Legion
Approved rendering: लीजन
Transliteration: Lijan
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Unclean Spirits
NEW gap term. Λεγιών, 5:9. Proper name echoing a Roman military unit; carries an occupying-power resonance that should not be over-read as a political-liberation allegory distracting from the healing-authority doctrine point.
Scribes
Approved rendering: शास्त्री-लोक (व्यवस्था दे जाणकार)
Transliteration: shastri-lok (vyavastha de janankar)
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sin
NEW gap term. γραμματεῖς, throughout. शास्त्री alone risks evoking a Hindu scriptural-teacher/pandit honorific (also a common Dogra-region surname/title); pair with a descriptive qualifier (‘expert in the Law’) at first use per document.
Low Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: The Messianic Secret
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Basis for the Son of David title (10:47-48; 12:35-37).
Talitha Cum
Approved rendering: तलीता कूम
Transliteration: Talita koom
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness
Original: Ταλιθά κούμ (Aramaic)
Category: Miracles
NEW. 5:41, Aramaic, preserved untranslated with gloss (‘little girl, arise’), following the baseline’s Abba pattern.
Ephphatha
Approved rendering: इफ्फाता
Transliteration: Iffaata
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness
Original: Ἐφφαθά (Aramaic)
Category: Miracles
NEW. 7:34, Aramaic, preserved untranslated (‘be opened’), following the Talitha cum/Abba pattern.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: बड्डी तकलीफ
Transliteration: baddi takleef
Doctrine: Watchfulness and Eschatological Hope
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Faith
NEW. θλῖψις, 13:19, 24. Standard descriptive vocabulary; must not be read as generic worldly hardship detached from its specific eschatological referent.
Signs
Approved rendering: निशान
Transliteration: nishan
Doctrine: Signs Confirming the Word
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Authority
NEW. σημεῖον, 16:17-18 (longer ending). Confirming acts accompanying the proclaimed word; must not be read as an independent source of authority apart from that word.
Treasury Offering
Approved rendering: भेंट-पात्र
Transliteration: bhent-paatr
Doctrine: Church as God’s People (contextual)
Rejected alternatives: चढ़ावा-पात्र (a term specifically associated with shrine donation boxes for votive offerings, e.g. at Vaishno Devi; avoid)
NEW gap term. γαζοφυλάκιον, 12:41-44 (the widow’s mite). Avoid चढ़ावा-adjacent vocabulary to prevent an implied equivalence between temple-treasury giving and shrine-offering (chadhava) practice.
Referenced passages