Semantic Analysis
Semantic Analysis — Ephesians (Full Book) — English → Dogri
Methodology and Scope
This document analyzes the entire book of Ephesians (chapters 1–6) in the original Koine Greek for load-bearing theological vocabulary relevant to Dogri translation. It builds directly on, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans Language Package for Dogri (translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, doctrine_risk_registry.json). Where a term already carries a settled Dogri rendering from that baseline (e.g. grace, faith, salvation, righteousness, gospel, church, holy, saints, sanctification, adoption, resurrection, Lord, Son of God, incarnation, peace, spiritual gifts, fellowship, calling, election, Holy Spirit, Father, Abba), that rendering is reused exactly and marked “Reused — Romans TM” below. New terms load-bearing for Ephesians but absent from the baseline are marked “New — Ephesians” and given a proposed Dogri rendering following the same methodology: favor Dogri-specific vocabulary over reflexive Hindi/Punjabi borrowing, and guard explicitly against collision with (a) the Vaishno Devi mannat (vow-for-boon) economy, (b) Raghunath Mandir Rama-avatar and idol (murti) devotion, (c) the Bahu Fort Kali/Shakta goddess-power and possession-trance tradition, (d) Dogra Rajput lineage-honor (izzat) and caste (jaati) stratification, and (e) generic North Indian folk-religious categories (fate/kismat, ritual purification, astrology, spirit-possession/exorcism, guru-veneration).
Every chapter of Ephesians is covered below. No chapter is silently skipped.
PART A — CORE PASSAGE: Ephesians 2:1-10 (Verse-by-Verse)
Ephesians 2:1
Greek: καὶ ὑμᾶς ὄντας νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν
- νεκρός (nekros) — “dead.” Literal meaning: lifeless, without vital function. Semantic range: physical death; here, metaphorical spiritual death — total inability to respond to God apart from his intervention. English variants: dead, lifeless. Contextual theological meaning: humanity’s pre-conversion condition is not sickness or weakness but death — total spiritual incapacity, setting up the “made alive” of v.5. Dogri rendering: मरे होए (mare hoye). Risk: High. Must not be softened into merely “weak” or “ignorant” — spiritual deadness must retain full force, and must not be read as a karmic burden carried from a past life (which would open a reincarnation reading); the death in view is moral-relational death toward the one true God, not the residue of prior janam (births).
- παράπτωμα (paraptōma) — “trespass, false step.” Literal meaning: a falling aside/stumbling. Semantic range: a specific act of wrongdoing, close to but distinct from ἁμαρτία’s broader “missing the mark.” English variants: trespass, transgression, offense. Contextual theological meaning: concrete acts of sin that constitute the deadness of v.1. Dogri rendering: अपराध (aparadh). Risk: Medium. Keep distinct from पाप (sin, general) as a specific-act nuance; do not conflate with ritual offense (भिट्ट, already rejected in baseline for “sin”).
- ἁμαρτία (hamartia) — “sin.” Reused — Romans TM: पाप (paap), High risk per baseline (moral transgression before a personal God, not ritual impurity/karma).
Ephesians 2:2
Greek: ἐν αἷς ποτὲ περιεπατήσατε κατὰ τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, κατὰ τὸν ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος, τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ νῦν ἐνεργοῦντος ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας
- περιπατέω (peripateō) — “to walk about.” Literal meaning: to walk, go about. Semantic range: literal walking; figuratively, one’s habitual conduct/way of life — a governing metaphor across all of Ephesians (used 8 times: 2:2,10; 4:1,17; 5:2,8,15). English variants: walk, live, conduct oneself. Contextual theological meaning: the believer’s whole manner of life, formerly enslaved to sin, now to be lived “worthy of the calling.” Dogri rendering: चलणा (chalna, “to walk/live/conduct oneself”). Risk: Medium. Must be clearly a metaphor for ongoing daily conduct, not a single ritual act of walking (e.g. a pilgrimage/yatra to a shrine, or a single ceremonial procession).
- αἰών (aiōn) — “age.” Literal meaning: an age, era, long duration. Semantic range: this present age/course of the world system in rebellion against God. English variants: age, course, world. Contextual theological meaning: the present, fallen order of things, not a cosmic cycle. Dogri rendering: इस दुनिया दा चलन (is duniya da chalan, “the way/course of this world”). Risk: High. Deliberately avoid जुग (jug), the standard Punjabi/Dogri cognate for “age/era,” because of its strong association with the Hindu cyclical cosmology of the four yugas (Satya, Treta, Dvapara, Kali Yuga); Paul’s “this age” is a single, linear, morally-charged present epoch under judgment, not one turn of a repeating cosmic wheel.
- ὁ ἄρχων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος — “the ruler of the authority of the air” (i.e., Satan). Literal meaning: ruler/prince of the domain of the air. Semantic range: a title for the devil as head of the fallen spiritual order. English variants: prince of the power of the air, ruler of the kingdom of the air. Contextual theological meaning: a personal, defeated-yet-active fallen being, head of the “principalities and powers” developed further in ch. 6. Dogri rendering: हवा दी हकूमत दा हाकम (hawa di hakumat da hakam). Risk: High. Must be taught as the personal devil (शैतान), not as one of many impersonal or placatable local spirits (bhoot-pret) that folk practice addresses through exorcism ritual (jhaadu-phoonk) — biblical spiritual warfare (developed fully in ch. 6) is never about ritual placation.
- υἱοὶ τῆς ἀπειθείας — “sons of disobedience.” Descriptive Hebraic idiom for people characterized by disobedience. Dogri rendering: न मन्नने वाले (na mannde wale, “those who do not obey/comply”). Risk: Medium.
Ephesians 2:3
Greek: ἐν οἷς καὶ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἀνεστράφημέν ποτε ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν, ποιοῦντες τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τῶν διανοιῶν, καὶ ἦμεν τέκνα φύσει ὀργῆς ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποί
- ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) — “desire, craving.” Semantic range: neutral desire or, as here, illicit/sinful desire. English variants: lust, desire, craving. Contextual theological meaning: disordered appetite driving sinful conduct. Dogri rendering: बुरी लालसा (buri lalsa, “evil craving”). Risk: Medium.
- σάρξ (sarx) — “flesh.” Literal meaning: physical body/tissue. Semantic range: (a) literal body; (b) Pauline ethical sense — fallen human nature in rebellion against God. English variants: flesh, sinful nature, body. Contextual theological meaning: here, sense (b) — humanity’s corrupted moral orientation apart from grace. Dogri rendering: पापमय सुभा (paapmay subha, “sinful disposition/nature”), reserving शरीर (sharir) for the literal, morally neutral body elsewhere. Risk: High. Must not collapse into a body-is-inherently-evil dualism (foreign to the text), nor be confused with literal flesh/body language used positively elsewhere in Ephesians (e.g. 5:29-30, husbands loving wives “as their own bodies”).
- τέκνα φύσει ὀργῆς — “children by nature of wrath.” Dogri rendering: गुस्से दे औलाद (gusse de aulad, “children of wrath”). Risk: High. See ὀργή below.
- ὀργή (orgē) — “wrath.” Literal meaning: settled anger. Semantic range: God’s righteous, judicial response to sin (not capricious rage). English variants: wrath, anger. Contextual theological meaning: humanity’s condition under God’s just judgment prior to grace. Dogri rendering: क्रोध (krodh). Risk: High. Must be taught as righteous, judicial, and — crucially — fully satisfied in Christ, never as the kind of capricious divine anger that Duggar folk devotion assumes must be pacified through an offering or vow (the exact mannat transactional logic the baseline’s grace entry already guards against). God’s wrath is resolved by grace received through faith, not by an appeasing gift given to him.
Ephesians 2:4
Greek: ὁ δὲ Θεὸς πλούσιος ὢν ἐν ἐλέει, διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην αὐτοῦ ἣν ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς
- ἔλεος (eleos) — “mercy.” Literal meaning: compassion shown toward the wretched/suffering. Semantic range: pity, compassion, active mercy. English variants: mercy, compassion. Contextual theological meaning: God’s compassionate response to humanity’s miserable, dead condition (v.1-3), the ground of his saving initiative. Dogri rendering: दया (daya). Risk: Medium. Distinct from, but paired with, बिना कमाई दित्ती दया (grace, baseline Critical term) — mercy responds to misery, grace responds to guilt; both are unearned.
- ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω (agapē / agapaō) — “love.” Literal meaning: selfless, willing love, not primarily emotional attraction. Semantic range: God’s covenantal, initiating love toward the unworthy; also used of human love (5:2, 25, 28, 33) and communal love (4:2, 15-16). English variants: love, charity. Contextual theological meaning: the motive behind God’s mercy and grace — God moves toward the spiritually dead because of his own prior love, not their merit. Dogri rendering: प्यार (pyar). Risk: High. New term for this Language Package (not previously anchored in the Romans baseline). Must be taught as selfless, sacrificial, initiating love, not romantic ishq or the devotional longing (prema-bhakti) a devotee directs upward toward a deity at Raghunath Mandir or Vaishno Devi — biblical agapē moves from God downward to the undeserving, the reverse direction of devotional longing.
Ephesians 2:5
Greek: καὶ ὄντας ἡμᾶς νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν συνεζωοποίησεν τῷ Χριστῷ — χάριτί ἐστε σεσωσμένοι
- συζωοποιέω (syzōopoieō) — “to make alive together with.” Literal meaning: co-vivify, jointly give life. Semantic range: unique to Paul (cf. Col 2:13); denotes union with Christ in receiving new spiritual life. English variants: made alive together with, quickened together with. Contextual theological meaning: the reversal of v.1’s death, accomplished by union with Christ, not self-effort. Dogri rendering: मसीह कन्नै मिलकर नमीं जिंदगी मिली (Masih kannai milkar nawi jindagi mili, “together with Christ, new life was received”). Risk: Critical. Must echo, and never contradict, the baseline’s Critical caution on “resurrection” (मुर्दघरा चा जिंदा होना): this new life is a decisive, once-accomplished spiritual reality in union with Christ’s own resurrection — never रीबर्थ/पुनर्जन्म language, and never framed as a repeatable cycle.
- χάρις / σῴζω — grace / saved. Reused — Romans TM: बिना कमाई दित्ती दया (grace, Critical) and salvation-root उद्धार used adjectivally here as “you have been saved” (उद्धार पाया होया) — Critical. This is the thesis clause of the whole passage: salvation is by grace, already accomplished, received not achieved.
Ephesians 2:6
Greek: καὶ συνήγειρεν καὶ συνεκάθισεν ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ
- συνεγείρω (synegeirō) — “to raise up together with.” Dogri rendering: मसीह कन्नै उठाए गे (Masih kannai uthaae gaye). Risk: High. A positional, spiritual reality (union with Christ’s resurrection life now), not a claim of the believer’s own literal bodily resurrection, which remains future (cf. Rom 8:11, already Critical in baseline).
- συγκαθίζω (synkathizō) — “to seat together with.” Dogri rendering: मसीह कन्नै बिठाए गे (Masih kannai bithaae gaye). Risk: High. Positional authority/honor shared with Christ, granted, not earned or ritually attained.
- ἐπουράνιος (epouranios) — “heavenly, in the heavens.” Literal meaning: pertaining to the heavens. Semantic range: the spiritual realm of God’s throne and rule; also the site of spiritual conflict (6:12) and blessing (1:3). English variants: heavenly places, heavenly realms. Contextual theological meaning: the unseen spiritual realm where Christ reigns and believers share his position. Dogri rendering: अम्बर आह्ली जगहां (ambar aahli jagahan, “heavenly places/realms”). Risk: High. Must be distinguished from the Hindu cosmology of multiple divine abodes (e.g. Vaikuntha, Kailash, or the divine dwelling popularly associated with the Trikuta hills of Vaishno Devi); Ephesians presents a single heavenly realm under the one true God’s authority, not one abode among several deities’ domains.
Ephesians 2:7
Greek: ἵνα ἐνδείξηται ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις τὸ ὑπερβάλλον πλοῦτος τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ ἐν χρηστότητι ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ
- πλοῦτος (ploutos) — “riches, wealth.” Semantic range: literal wealth; figuratively, the abundant sufficiency of God’s grace. English variants: riches, wealth, abundance. Dogri rendering: भरपूर दौलत (bharpoor daulat, “abundant wealth”). Risk: Medium. Purely figurative; no direct religious collision, but avoid letting it slide toward a prosperity-gospel reading of material wealth.
- χρηστότης (chrēstotēs) — “kindness.” Semantic range: benevolent goodness in action. Dogri rendering: मेहरबानी (meharbani). Risk: Low-Medium.
Ephesians 2:8
Greek: τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσωσμένοι διὰ πίστεως· καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐξ ὑμῶν, Θεοῦ τὸ δῶρον
- χάρις, πίστις — grace, faith. Reused — Romans TM: बिना कमाई दित्ती दया (grace, Critical), भरोसा (faith, High). This verse is the doctrinal center of the whole book: “by grace… through faith… not of yourselves.” Both terms carry their full baseline weight here, now applied specifically against the mannat vow-economy: salvation is not a wish granted in exchange for a pledge.
- δῶρον (dōron) — “gift.” Literal meaning: something given freely. Semantic range: a gift, present, offering. English variants: gift, present. Contextual theological meaning: salvation is entirely God’s giving, not humanity’s achievement or offering to God. Dogri rendering: सौगात (saugat, “gift/present”). Risk: Critical. New term. Deliberately avoid दान (daan), which in the regional Hindu context denotes a meritorious religious donation given by a human worshiper (e.g. temple daan, feeding of Brahmins) — using दान here would invert the verse’s entire argument, making salvation sound like a pious human offering rather than God’s unilateral gift. सौगात carries no such merit-generating, human-to-God directionality.
Ephesians 2:9
Greek: οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται
- ἔργον (ergon) — “work, deed.” Semantic range: any deed, especially here, deeds done to earn standing with God. English variants: works, deeds, actions. Contextual theological meaning: explicitly excluded as the ground of salvation. Dogri rendering: कम्म (kamm). Risk: Critical. Must never be blended with पुण्य (merit earned through right action, already rejected in the baseline’s grace entry) — this verse’s entire logic depends on works being categorically excluded as a means of salvation.
- καυχάομαι (kauchaomai) — “to boast.” Dogri rendering: घमंड करना (ghamand karna, “to be proud/boast”). Risk: Medium. Salvation-by-grace-not-works removes any ground for spiritual pride, including pride rooted in lineage-honor (izzat) or ritual accomplishment.
Ephesians 2:10
Greek: αὐτοῦ γάρ ἐσμεν ποίημα, κτισθέντες ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ἐπὶ ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς, οἷς προητοίμασεν ὁ Θεὸς ἵνα ἐν αὐτοῖς περιπατήσωμεν
- ποίημα (poiēma) — “that which is made.” Literal meaning: a made thing, a work of craftsmanship. Semantic range: a product, creation, handiwork (root of English “poem”). English variants: workmanship, handiwork, masterpiece. Contextual theological meaning: believers are the result of God’s saving, re-creative work, not its authors. Dogri rendering: परमेश्वर दी रचना (Parmeshwar di rachna, “God’s making/creation”). Risk: High. Must be held tightly together with v.8-9: we are made by grace for good works, never made through good works.
- κτίζω (ktizō) — “to create.” Dogri rendering: रचना/बनाना (rachna/banana). Risk: Medium.
- ἔργα ἀγαθά (erga agatha) — “good works.” Dogri rendering: नेक कम्म (nek kamm). Risk: High. The fruit and purpose of salvation, never its cause — this distinction (already Critical in the baseline for grace and imputed righteousness) is the single most important teaching point of this whole core passage, and must be made explicit in every lesson using this text.
- προετοιμάζω (proetoimazō) — “to prepare beforehand.” Dogri rendering: पहले थमां तैयार कीते (phele thamma taiyar kite). Risk: Medium. Connects to the Election/Predestination doctrine developed in ch. 1; God’s prior planning, not human merit, stands behind the good works believers walk in.
- περιπατέω — “walk.” Reused within this passage — see 2:2 above. The chapter’s opening picture (walking in sin/death, v.2) is deliberately reversed by its closing picture (walking in the good works God prepared, v.10).
PART B — CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER STUDY OF THE WHOLE BOOK
Chapter 1 — Blessing, Election, and the Mystery of God’s Plan
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Dogri rendering | Risk | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| blessed / blessing | εὐλογητός / εὐλογία (eulogētos / eulogia) | well-spoken-of; a good word pronounced over | God’s favor pronounced/bestowed | blessed, blessing | God’s initiating favor toward believers “in the heavenly places” | आशीष (aashish) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| chosen / elect | ἐκλέγομαι (eklegomai) | to pick out, select | God’s sovereign, personal selection | chose, elected, picked | Election “before the foundation of the world,” in Christ | चोन करना / परमेश्वर दी चोन (verb form of baseline noun) | High | Reused — Romans TM root (election) |
| predestined | προορίζω (proorizō) | to mark out/decide beforehand | God’s prior determination of believers’ destiny | predestined, foreordained | Grounds adoption in God’s eternal, personal purpose, “according to the good pleasure of his will” | पहले थमां ठहराना (phele thamma thehrana) | Critical | New — Ephesians |
| adoption | υἱοθεσία (huiothesia) | placement as a son | full son-status with inheritance rights | adoption | Believers placed as God’s sons through Christ | गोद लैने आह् पुत्तर बनाना | High | Reused — Romans TM |
| redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις (apolytrōsis) | a buying-back, ransoming | release secured by a price paid | redemption | Costly deliverance through Christ’s blood (v.7), not generic freedom | छुटकारा (chhutkara) | Critical | New — Ephesians. Never मुक्ति (rebirth-cycle liberation, already forbidden in baseline). |
| forgiveness | ἄφεσις (aphesis) | a sending away, release | pardon of debt/guilt | forgiveness, remission | The specific content of redemption: sins sent away | माफी (maafi) | Medium | New — Ephesians. Distinct from, and narrower than, धर्मी ठहराए जाना (justification, baseline Critical) — do not use interchangeably. |
| mystery | μυστήριον (mystērion) | a secret thing, previously hidden | God’s redemptive plan, once hidden, now revealed in Christ to all | mystery, secret plan | Central to Ephesians’ argument (1:9; 3:3-9; 5:32; 6:19): a plan now openly disclosed, not esoteric knowledge for initiates | भेद (bhed) | High | New — Ephesians. Deliberately not रहस्य, which carries strong Vedantic/esoteric-mystical connotations of hidden teaching reserved for the initiated (guru-imparted secret knowledge); the biblical “mystery” is now openly proclaimed to all, the opposite dynamic. |
| fullness of the times | πλήρωμα τῶν καιρῶν (plērōma tōn kairōn) | the completing/filling of the seasons | the appointed climax of salvation history | fullness of time | God’s sovereign historical timing for uniting all things in Christ | समां दी भरपूरी (samaan di bharpoori) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| inheritance | κληρονομία (klēronomia) | property received by lot/right of a heir | what is received as an heir | inheritance, portion | Believers’ guaranteed future possession in Christ, received through adoption, not bloodline | विरासत (virasat) | High | New — Ephesians. Given Dogra Rajput lineage/birthright culture, must be taught explicitly as inheritance-by-grace-through-adoption, not inheritance-by-blood or caste-birthright. |
| sealed | σφραγίζω (sphragizō) | to stamp with a seal | mark of ownership, authenticity, security | sealed | The Holy Spirit as God’s mark of ownership on believers (1:13; 4:30) | मोहर लाना (mohar launa) | High | New — Ephesians. Must not be pictured as a visible ritual/caste mark (e.g. tilak, sacred thread) — the Spirit’s seal is invisible and internal, not a social-religious identity marker. |
| guarantee / down payment | ἀρραβών (arrabōn) | earnest money, pledge | a partial payment guaranteeing full payment later | guarantee, deposit, earnest, pledge | The Spirit as God’s own pledge to believers of the coming inheritance | जमानत (zamanat) | High | New — Ephesians. Note the direction: this is God’s pledge to the believer, the reverse of a mannat (a believer’s pledge to a deity in hope of a granted boon) — must never be recast in mannat logic. |
| power / working / might / strength | δύναμις, ἐνέργεια, κράτος, ἰσχύς (dynamis, energeia, kratos, ischys) | ability, active operation, dominion, strength | God’s active, effective might, stacked for emphasis in 1:19-21 | power, working, mighty power, strength | The same power that raised Christ is at work in believers | परमेश्वर दी सामर्थ (extended with तागत/काम करदी ताकत as needed) | High | Reused — Romans TM (power_of_god: सामर्थ). Never शक्ति (goddess-power), per baseline. |
| body (of Christ) | σῶμα (Χριστοῦ) (sōma [Christou]) | a physical body | the church as Christ’s organic, unified body | body of Christ | The church’s living, organic union with Christ as its Head | मसीह दा शरीर (Masih da sharir) | High | New — Ephesians (doctrine: Church as Body of Christ). Must convey organic spiritual union, not a mere organizational metaphor. |
| fullness | πλήρωμα (plērōma) | that which fills/completes | Christ’s fullness filling the church; also God’s fullness (3:19) | fullness | The church as the sphere where Christ’s fullness is expressed | भरपूरी (bharpoori) | High | New — Ephesians |
| head | κεφαλή (kephalē) | the physical head | source, authority, and (as here) life-giving head of a body | head | Christ as supreme, authoritative, life-giving head over the church and “all things” | सिर (sir) | High | New — Ephesians. Establishes the sense reused in ch. 5’s household-code headship; must consistently carry authoritative-source-and-savior nuance, not domineering control. |
| church | ἐκκλησία (ekklēsia) | assembly | gathered people of God | church | The body/assembly Christ heads | कलीसिया | Medium | Reused — Romans TM |
Chapter 2:11-22 — One New Humanity (continuing beyond the core passage)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Dogri rendering | Risk | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gentiles | ἔθνη (ethnē) | nations | non-Jewish peoples | Gentiles, nations | Those formerly excluded, now included in Christ | गैर-यहूदी | Medium | Reused — Romans TM |
| circumcision / uncircumcision | περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία (peritomē / akrobystia) | cutting-around / foreskin | old covenant ethnic-religious identity marker | circumcision, uncircumcision | Former dividing marker now transcended in Christ | खतना / बे-खतना (khatna / be-khatna) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| dividing wall | τὸ μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ (to mesotoichon tou phragmou) | the middle wall of the fence | a literal or figurative partition | dividing wall, barrier | The hostility between Jew and Gentile, abolished by the cross | बिच दी कंध (bich di kandh) | High | New — Ephesians. Extends baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles caution directly to any lingering caste-wall (jaati di kandh) mentality. |
| reconciliation / reconcile | καταλλαγή / ἀποκαταλλάσσω (katallagē / apokatallassō) | exchange, restoration of favor | ending of hostility, restoring relationship | reconcile, reconciliation | God’s unilateral act in Christ ending hostility between God and humanity, and between former enemies (Jew/Gentile) | मेल-मिलाप (mel-milap) | Critical | New — Ephesians. Must convey God’s own initiative through the cross, not a negotiated peace treaty between equals, nor a village-elder-mediated (panch-style) social patch-up. |
| one new man / new humanity | εἷς καινὸς ἄνθρωπος (heis kainos anthrōpos) | one new human being | a genuinely new corporate identity, not a merger of the old two | one new man, new humanity | Jew and Gentile together form a wholly new people in Christ, superseding prior categories | इक नमां मनुक्ख (ik nawa manukkh) | High | New — Ephesians |
| access | προσαγωγή (prosagōgē) | a bringing-near, introduction | privileged approach to a person of rank | access | Direct access to the Father through Christ/Spirit, without mediating priest | सीधी पुज्ज (sidhi pujj) | High | New — Ephesians. Must be distinguished from mediated shrine access (darshan obtained through a pujari/priest or a queue system) — biblical access is direct and unmediated by any human intermediary. |
| foreigners / strangers | ξένοι, πάροικοι (xenoi, paroikoi) | foreigners, resident aliens | outsiders without covenant standing | strangers, foreigners, sojourners | The former status of Gentiles, now reversed | परदेसी (pardesi) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| fellow citizens | συμπολῖται (sympolitai) | co-citizens | shared civic membership | fellow citizens | Gentiles’ new full standing with God’s people | साथी नागरिक (sathi nagarik) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| household of God | οἰκεῖοι τοῦ Θεοῦ (oikeioi tou Theou) | members of a household | family-belonging | household of God, members of the family | Full family belonging, not honorary or provisional status | परमेश्वर दा घराणा (Parmeshwar da gharana) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| cornerstone | ἀκρογωνιαῖος (akrogōniaios) | topmost/chief corner-stone | the stone determining a building’s alignment | cornerstone, chief cornerstone | Christ as the sole, sufficient foundation of the church | कोने दा मुक्ख पत्थर (kone da mukkh patthar) | High | New — Ephesians. Guard against conflating this foundation-imagery with temple-foundation-laying rites (shilanyas/bhoomi pujan) practiced at sites like Raghunath Mandir — Christ is the sole foundation, not one consecrated stone among a ritual set. |
| holy temple | ναὸς ἅγιος (naos hagios) | a holy sanctuary | the church as God’s dwelling-place, corporately | holy temple | The church, not a building, growing into God’s dwelling place | पवित्तर निवास (pavittar nivas, “holy dwelling”) | Critical | New — Ephesians. NEVER मंदर, per the baseline’s explicit church-vs-temple distinction (Raghunath Mandir, Bahu Fort). This is the one place in Ephesians where the biblical author himself uses temple imagery for the church, so extra translator-note discipline is required at every occurrence. |
| dwelling place of God (through the Spirit) | κατοικητήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν Πνεύματι (katoikētērion tou Theou en Pneumati) | a place of habitation | God’s indwelling presence among his gathered people | dwelling place, habitation | The Spirit makes the church itself God’s living dwelling | आत्मा राहें परमेश्वर दा बासा (aatma rahen Parmeshwar da baasa) | Critical | New — Ephesians. Must not be read as parallel to prana-pratishtha (ritual installation of a deity’s presence into a physical idol at temple consecration) — God’s Spirit indwells his people relationally and personally, not by ritual invocation into an image. |
Chapter 3 — The Mystery Revealed and Paul’s Prayer
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Dogri rendering | Risk | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mystery | μυστήριον | (see ch.1) | God’s plan now revealed: Gentiles fellow-heirs with Israel | mystery | The specific content of the mystery: Jew/Gentile unity in one body | भेद | High | Reused within Ephesians (established ch.1) |
| stewardship | οἰκονομία (oikonomia) | household management | an entrusted administrative task | stewardship, dispensation, administration | Paul’s God-given task of making the mystery known | जिम्मेदारी (jimmedari) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| unsearchable riches | ἀνεξιχνίαστος πλοῦτος (anexichniastos ploutos) | untrackable wealth | riches beyond full comprehension | unsearchable riches | Christ’s inexhaustible sufficiency for all peoples | अनगिनत/अनमोल दौलत | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| boldness / access (with confidence) | παρρησία (parrēsia) | freedom of speech | confident, unafraid approach | boldness, confidence, access | Confident approach to God grounded in Christ’s finished work | हिम्मत (himmat) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| strengthened (by the Spirit) | κραταιωθῆναι διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος | to be made strong/mighty | inner empowerment | strengthened, made strong | The Spirit’s inner empowering work in believers | पवित्तर आत्मा राहें ताकतवर बणना | Medium | New — Ephesians (uses reused Holy Spirit term) |
| rooted and grounded (in love) | ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι (errizōmenoi kai tethemeliōmenoi) | rooted, founded | stability metaphors (plant-root, building-foundation) | rooted and grounded | Love as the stable basis of Christian maturity | जड़ां लाई ते बुनियाद रक्खी | Low | New — Ephesians |
| fullness of God | πλήρωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ (plērōma tou Theou) | God’s fullness | the totality of God’s character/presence | fullness of God | The astonishing goal of Paul’s prayer: believers filled to God’s own fullness | परमेश्वर दी भरपूरी | High | Reused fullness root (ch.1) |
| power at work within us | ἡ δύναμις ἡ ἐνεργουμένη ἐν ἡμῖν | the power working in us | God’s active power operative in believers | power at work within | Grounds Paul’s closing doxology (3:20-21) | साड़े अंदर कम्म करदी परमेश्वर दी सामर्थ | High | Reused — Romans TM (power_of_god) |
Chapter 4 — Unity, Gifts, and the New Self
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Dogri rendering | Risk | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lowliness | ταπεινοφροσύνη (tapeinophrosynē) | low-mindedness | humility as a virtue | lowliness, humility | A Christian virtue enabling unity | नमरता (namrata) | Medium | New — Ephesians. Note tension: Dogra Rajput honor-culture (izzat) can hear enforced lowliness as social self-abasement tied to rank; teach as voluntary Christlike virtue, not caste-imposed submission. |
| gentleness | πραΰτης (prautēs) | mildness | strength under control | gentleness, meekness | Companion virtue to lowliness | नरमी (narmi) | Low | New — Ephesians |
| patience / longsuffering | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | long-temperedness | forbearance | patience, longsuffering | Enduring others in love | सहनशीलता (sahanshilta) | Low | New — Ephesians |
| unity of the Spirit | ἑνότης τοῦ Πνεύματος (henotēs tou Pneumatos) | oneness of the Spirit | Spirit-given unity to be maintained, not manufactured | unity of the Spirit | The Spirit already unites; believers keep/guard that unity | आत्मा दी एकता (aatma di ekta) | High | New — Ephesians |
| bond of peace | σύνδεσμος τῆς εἰρήνης (syndesmos tēs eirēnēs) | a binding-together of peace | peace as the unifying ligament | bond of peace | The relational glue of church unity | शान्ति दा बन्धन | Medium | Reused peace root |
| hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | expectation | confident forward-looking trust grounded in God’s promise | hope | One of the sevenfold unity markers (4:4) | आस (aas) | Medium | New — Ephesians. Distinguish confident biblical hope from वाग्दान-रहित wishing, from किस्मत (fate, already rejected in baseline), and from hoping for a mannat-outcome. |
| baptism | βάπτισμα (baptisma) | immersion | the one baptism marking union with Christ | baptism | A once-for-all sign of union with Christ’s death/resurrection | बपतिस्मा (baptisma, transliterated) | Medium-High | New — Ephesians. Must be distinguished from repeated ritual purificatory bathing (ishnan/snan) practiced at pilgrimage sites; baptism is a singular sign, not a repeatable purification rite. |
| grace given (measure of the gift) | ἡ χάρις / δωρεά (charis / dōrea) | grace / free gift | grace measured out to each believer for ministry | grace given, gift of Christ | Basis for the diversity of gifts | बिना कमाई दित्ती दया (grace) + आत्मिक दान (gift) | High | Reused — Romans TM (both roots) |
| apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, teachers | ἀπόστολοι, προφῆται, εὐαγγελισταί, ποιμένες, διδάσκαλοι | sent-ones, spokesmen, good-news-announcers, shepherds, teachers | the fivefold gift-offices for equipping the church | apostles / prophets / evangelists / pastors (shepherds) / teachers | Christ’s gifts to his church for its building up | भेजेआ होया (apostle, reused); नबी (prophet, reused); खरी खबर सुनाने वाला (evangelist); आजड़ी (pastor/shepherd); सिखांणे वाला (teacher) | Medium | Apostle & prophet reused — Romans TM; evangelist/pastor/teacher New — Ephesians. Pastor/teacher must be kept distinct from the devotionally-venerated “guru” role in regional religious culture. |
| equipping | καταρτισμός (katartismos) | preparation, outfitting | training/preparing for a task | equipping, perfecting | The purpose of the fivefold gifts | तैयार करना (taiyar karna) | Low-Medium | New — Ephesians |
| mature manhood / full growth | ἀνὴρ τέλειος / εἰς μέτρον ἡλικίας τοῦ πληρώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ | a complete/mature man | corporate spiritual maturity, Christlikeness | mature manhood, full stature | The church’s growth-goal, corporately reaching Christlike maturity | सियाने मनुक्ख (siyane manukkh) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| speaking the truth in love | ἀληθεύοντες ἐν ἀγάπῃ (alētheuontes en agapē) | truthing in love | truthful communication motivated by love | speaking the truth in love | The manner of growth toward maturity | प्यार कन्नै सच्चाई बोलना | Medium | Reused love root; truth (ἀλήθεια, alētheia) New — Ephesians: सच्चाई (sachaai), Low-Medium |
| old self / new self (old man / new man) | παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / καινὸς (νέος) ἄνθρωπος (palaios anthrōpos / kainos [neos] anthrōpos) | old human / new human | the pre-conversion identity to be decisively put off; the Christ-given identity to be put on | old man, old self / new man, new self | A once-for-all identity change in union with Christ, not a seasonal or ritual role-change | पुराना मनुक्ख / नमां मनुक्ख (purana manukkh / nawa manukkh) | High | New — Ephesians (doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life). Must be a decisive, permanent break, not a temporary ritual costume-change (e.g., festival garb) that can be put on and off seasonally. |
| renewed (in the spirit of the mind) | ἀνανεόω (ananeoō) | to make new again | ongoing inward renewal | renewed | The Spirit’s ongoing transformation of thought/desire | मन दी नमींकरण | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| grieve (the Holy Spirit) | λυπέω (lypeō) | to cause grief/sorrow | causing pain to a person | grieve | The Spirit is a grievable Person, not an impersonal force | पवित्तर आत्मा गमां दिना (pavittar aatma gamaa dena) | Critical | New — Ephesians. Reinforces baseline’s Critical caution: the Holy Spirit is the personal, indwelling third Person of the Trinity — never शक्ति, never an impersonal force that cannot be grieved. |
| kindness / tenderhearted / forgiving | χρηστότης, εὔσπλαγχνος, χαριζόμενοι (chrēstotēs, eusplanchnos, charizomenoi) | kindness, tender-inwards, graciously-giving | relational virtues replacing the vice-list of 4:31 | kindness, tenderheartedness, forgiveness | The practical shape of the “new self” in community | मेहरबानी, दिलदार, माफ करना | Low-Medium | Kindness reused (ch.2 root); tenderhearted/forgive New — Ephesians |
Chapter 5 — Walking in Love and Light; the Christ-Church Marriage Mystery
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Dogri rendering | Risk | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| imitators of God | μιμηταὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ (mimētai tou Theou) | copiers of God | patterning one’s life after God’s character | imitators of God, followers | Christian ethics grounded in God’s own love/character | परमेश्वर जेह्या बनना (Parmeshwar jehya banna, “becoming like God”) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| offering and sacrifice | προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία (prosphora kai thysia) | an offering brought near / a sacrifice | Christ’s self-giving death, described in OT sacrificial terms | offering and sacrifice | Christ’s unique, final, atoning self-sacrifice “for us” | भेंट ते बलिदान (bhent te balidan) | Critical | New — Ephesians. Must be explicitly distinguished from the local Baba Jitto folk-martyr self-sacrifice tradition (Aghar Jitto shrine, Jitto Da Mela) — per the baseline’s own caveat, Christ’s atoning, once-for-all, divine self-offering must never be casually equated with a human folk-martyr’s protest self-sacrifice, however sympathetically that story is otherwise remembered locally. |
| fornication, uncleanness, covetousness, idolatry | πορνεία, ἀκαθαρσία, πλεονεξία, εἰδωλολατρία | sexual immorality, impurity, greed, idol-worship | vices incompatible with the kingdom | fornication, uncleanness, covetousness, idolatry | Vice list marking exclusion from God’s kingdom apart from grace | व्यभिचार, अशुद्धता, लालच, मूरतां दी पूजा | idolatry: Critical; others Medium | New — Ephesians. Idolatry (मूरतां दी पूजा, “worship of images/idols”) is exceptionally sensitive given the centrality of murti (image) worship at Raghunath Mandir, Bahu Fort, and Vaishno Devi; render the biblical category faithfully and without softening, but with a mandatory pastoral-sensitivity translator note recommending gracious, non-inflammatory framing in teaching contexts. Human theologian review mandatory. |
| children of light / darkness | τέκνα φωτός / σκότους (tekna phōtos / skotous) | children of light / darkness | moral-spiritual identity categories | children of light, children of darkness | Believers’ new identity contrasted with their former state | चाननी दे औलाद / न्हेरे दे औलाद | Medium-High | New — Ephesians |
| fruit (of the Spirit/light) | καρπός (karpos) | fruit, produce | the visible outcome of an inward reality | fruit | The Spirit’s/light’s observable moral produce in a believer’s life | फल (phal) | Medium | New — Ephesians. Caution: “फल” also carries the Hindu karma-phal sense (the fruit/result earned by one’s own deeds); must be taught here as the Spirit’s given produce, not a self-earned karmic outcome. |
| be filled with the Spirit | πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι (plērousthe en Pneumati) | be being filled in Spirit | ongoing, Spirit-empowered, self-controlled Christian life | be filled with the Spirit | Contrasted directly with drunkenness (5:18) — a controlled, character-forming filling, not ecstatic loss of control | पवित्तर आत्मा कन्नै भरपूर होना | Critical | New — Ephesians. Must be sharply distinguished from ecstatic possession-trance experiences in regional Shakta folk devotion (e.g., a devotee “possessed” by Devi/Kali during a jagrata or shrine ritual). Biblical Spirit-filling is ongoing, self-possessed, and produces worship/thanksgiving/submission — not a trance state or loss of self-control. |
| submitting to one another | ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις (hypotassomenoi allēlois) | being subject to one another | mutual, reciprocal deference | submit to one another | Frames all household-code instructions that follow | इक-दुए दे अधीन रौणा | High | New — Ephesians (doctrine: Household Codes). Establishes mutuality that must not be lost when reading the specific husband/wife instructions that follow. |
| head (husband/wife; Christ/church) | κεφαλή (kephalē) | head | authoritative, life-giving source | head | Christ’s headship over the church as the pattern for husbands’ headship over wives | सिर (sir) | High | Reused within Ephesians (ch.1 root). Must retain the sacrificial-love/self-giving sense established for Christ’s headship, not domineering control. |
| Savior (of the body) | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | one who saves/rescues | exclusive title for the one who delivers | Savior | Christ alone as Savior of the church, his body | उद्धारकर्ता (uddharkarta) | Critical | New — Ephesians. Must retain exclusivity — not one of several personal rescuer-figures in local devotion (e.g., a protector-deity or the folk-venerated Baba Jitto invoked for deliverance from hardship). |
| sanctify and cleanse (by washing of water, by the word) | ἁγιάζω, καθαρίζω, λουτρόν (hagiazō, katharizō, loutron) | to make holy, to cleanse, a washing/bath | Christ’s word-accomplished purification of the church | sanctify, cleanse, washing | Spiritual cleansing accomplished by God’s word, likely evoking baptism | पवित्तर करना, शुद्ध करना, बचन राहें धोना | High | Sanctify reused (पवित्तरता root); washing (λουτρόν) New — Ephesians. Must not be pictured as a literal ritual purificatory bath (ishnan) such as sacred bathing before pilgrimage darshan; this is the word’s spiritual cleansing action. |
| one flesh | μία σάρξ (mia sarx) | one flesh | marital union, quoting Gen 2:24 | one flesh | Marriage as an embodied picture of Christ’s union with the church | इक जिस्म (ik jism) | Medium | New — Ephesians |
| great mystery | μυστήριον…μέγα (mystērion…mega) | a great mystery | marriage as a sign pointing beyond itself to Christ and the church | great mystery | The ultimate referent of marriage is Christ’s relationship with his church, not marriage as an end in itself | भेद (reused) — “बड्डा भेद” | High | Reused mystery root (ch.1/3) |
Chapter 6 — Household Obedience, Spiritual Warfare, and Closing
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Dogri rendering | Risk | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| obey (children/parents) | ὑπακούετε (hypakouete) | to hear under, obey | filial obedience “in the Lord” | obey | Children’s obedience grounded in the Lord, not mere custom | मन्नना (mannana) | Medium | New — Ephesians. Distinguish from ritual/custom-keeping (rīt-rivāj) obedience already flagged in baseline’s obedience_of_faith entry — this is Christ-grounded filial obedience. |
| honor (father and mother) | τίμα (tima) | to value/honor | respect and esteem commanded, quoting Exodus 20:12 | honor | The first commandment carrying a promise | इज्जत करो (izzat karo) | Medium | New — Ephesians. Note izzat’s cultural resonance here is largely positive, but flag: teach as loving respect, not lineage-status enforcement. |
| provoke (to wrath) | παροργίζετε (parorgizete) | to provoke to anger | fathers’ potential sin against children | provoke to wrath | Warns against harsh, honor-driven parenting that embitters children | गुस्सा चढ़ाना | Medium | Reused wrath root (ch.2) |
| nurture and admonition of the Lord | παιδεία, νουθεσία (paideia, nouthesia) | training/discipline, instruction/warning | positive, Christ-centered upbringing | nurture, instruction, admonition | The positive alternative to provoking children | सिखलाई ते समझाणी (sikhlai te samjhani) | Low-Medium | New — Ephesians |
| bondservants / masters | δοῦλοι / κύριοι (douloi / kyrioi) | slaves / lords-masters | first-century household-economic roles | servants, slaves / masters | Instructions for a historical institution, requiring careful pastoral framing today | गुलाम (ghulam) / मालिक (malik) | High | New — Ephesians. Critical consistency note: κύριος here means human “master” and must be rendered मालिक, never प्रभु — प्रभु is reserved exclusively for Christ’s Lordship per the baseline. |
| no respect of persons | προσωπολημψία (prosōpolēmpsia) | face-receiving, partiality | favoritism based on status/rank | no respect of persons, no partiality | God shows no favoritism toward masters over servants | पख-पात (paksh-paat) | High | New — Ephesians. Directly extends the baseline’s caste/lineage-stratification caution: God’s impartiality challenges jaati (caste) as much as it challenged the master/slave hierarchy addressed in the text. |
| be strong (in the Lord, in the power of his might) | ἐνδυναμοῦσθε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἐν τῷ κράτει τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ | be empowered in the Lord | drawing strength from Christ’s own might | be strong in the Lord | Introduces the armor-of-God passage | प्रभु च ताकतवर बणो, उंदी सामर्थ राहें | High | Reused — Lord (प्रभु) and power_of_god (सामर्थ) roots |
| whole armor of God | πανοπλία τοῦ Θεοῦ (panoplia tou Theou) | full/complete armor | the complete set of spiritual equipment for resisting the devil | armor of God, full armor | Spiritual, not literal military, equipment for spiritual warfare | परमेश्वर दे सारे शस्तर (Parmeshwar de saare shastar) | High | New — Ephesians. Given Dogra Rajput culture’s strong martial/warrior-caste honor tradition (weapons and battle valor tied to izzat), this imagery must be explicitly taught as spiritual, never literal martial valor or endorsement of physical combat/violence. |
| wiles / schemes (of the devil) | μεθοδεία τοῦ διαβόλου (methodeia tou diabolou) | craftiness, scheming methods | the devil’s deceptive strategies | wiles, schemes | The enemy’s tactics believers must resist | शैतान दी चालबाजी (Shaitan di chaalbaazi) | High | New — Ephesians |
| principalities, powers, rulers of darkness, spiritual forces of evil | ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες τοῦ σκότους, τὰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις | rulers, authorities, world-rulers of darkness, spiritual [powers] of wickedness in the heavenlies | the organized, personal, fallen spiritual hierarchy opposing God | principalities and powers, rulers of darkness, spiritual wickedness in high places | The real, personal, organized enemy behind human conflict, engaged through Christ’s finished victory, not ritual | हकूमतां, अधिकार, इस जुगे दे न्हेरे दे हाकम, अम्बर आह्ली बदमाशी आत्मां | Critical | New — Ephesians (doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God). Must not be equated with, or addressed through the ritual logic of, local bhoot-pret spirit-possession/exorcism practice (jhaadu-phoonk), evil-eye (nazar) warding charms, or a folk pantheon of minor spirits requiring placation. Biblical spiritual warfare is fought through truth, righteousness, the gospel, faith, salvation, the Spirit’s word, and prayer — never through amulets, charms, or appeasement offerings. |
| gird loins with truth / breastplate of righteousness / feet shod with the gospel of peace / shield of faith / helmet of salvation / sword of the Spirit (word of God) | ζώνη ἀληθείας, θώραξ δικαιοσύνης, ἑτοιμασία τοῦ εὐαγγελίου εἰρήνης, θυρεὸς τῆς πίστεως, περικεφαλαία τοῦ σωτηρίου, μάχαιρα τοῦ Πνεύματος (ῥῆμα Θεοῦ) | belt of truth, breastplate of righteousness, readiness of the gospel of peace, shield of faith, helmet of salvation, sword of the Spirit (word of God) | six pieces of Roman military equipment allegorized as spiritual realities | belt/girdle of truth; breastplate of righteousness; gospel shoes; shield of faith; helmet of salvation; sword of the Spirit | Each piece names an already-established doctrine (truth, righteousness, gospel, peace, faith, salvation, Holy Spirit, word of God) now pictured as spiritual defense/offense | सच्चाई दी पेटी, धरमीपन दी ढाल-कवच, शान्ति दी खरी खबर आह्ले जूते, भरोसे दी ढाल, उद्धार दा टोप, पवित्तर आत्मा दी तेग़ (परमेश्वर दा बचन) | High | All six components Reused — Romans TM roots (righteousness, gospel, peace, faith, salvation, Holy Spirit); “word of God” (ῥῆμα Θεοῦ) is New — Ephesians: परमेश्वर दा बचन (Parmeshwar da bachan), Medium — not a literal weapon-object or magical incantation, but God’s active, revealed truth. |
| prayer and supplication (in the Spirit) | προσευχή, δέησις (proseuchē, deēsis) | prayer, petition/request | ongoing, Spirit-enabled communication with God | prayer, supplication | Direct, ongoing communion with God, distinct from ritual petition | प्रार्थना ते बिनती (prarthna te binti) | Medium | New — Ephesians (प्रार्थना itself new; supplication draws on baseline’s intercession root: बिचाल्ले होइयै बिनती). Must be distinguished from mannat-style petitionary prayer offered in exchange for a vow/offering. |
| ambassador | πρεσβεύω (presbeuō) | to be an elder/envoy; act as ambassador | an authorized representative | ambassador | Paul’s self-description even “in chains” | राजदूत (rajdoot) | Low-Medium | New — Ephesians. Related to, but distinct from, भेजेआ होया (apostle, “one sent”) — ambassador stresses ongoing representative/diplomatic function. |
Summary
Ephesians introduces a substantial body of new load-bearing vocabulary beyond the Romans baseline — most consequentially: mystery (भेद), predestination (पहले थमां ठहराना), redemption (छुटकारा), reconciliation (मेल-मिलाप), one new humanity (इक नमां मनुक्ख), holy temple / God’s dwelling place (पवित्तर निवास — explicitly not मंदर), love (प्यार), gift (सौगात — explicitly not दान), Savior (उद्धारकर्ता), the whole armor of God and the principalities/powers complex, being filled with the Spirit, and the old-self/new-self identity language. Every new term has been checked against the same three live collision risks the baseline documents for Dogri: the Vaishno Devi mannat vow-economy, Raghunath Mandir/Bahu Fort idol- and goddess-power devotion (including possession-trance practice), and Dogra Rajput lineage-honor (izzat) and caste (jaati) stratification — plus, newly for this curriculum, the Baba Jitto folk-martyr self-sacrifice tradition, which bears directly on Ephesians 5:2’s language of Christ’s self-offering.