Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Peter (Full Book)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by curriculum doctrine, for use as the seed list feeding the Phase 1 Step 4-8 Language Package artifacts (translation memory, term registry, doctrine risk registry) for 2 Peter. Terms marked (reused — Romans TM) carry forward the baseline Portuguese rendering exactly and unchanged. Terms marked (new) are proposed for addition to translation memory with the risk tier and rationale given here.
Risk tier legend: Critical = human theologian review required, every occurrence · High = human theologian review required · Medium = native speaker review recommended · Low = automated review sufficient.
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
| Term (Eng. gloss) | Greek / Translit. | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| prophetic word | προφητικὸς λόγος / prophētikos logos | palavra profética | Critical | New | Doctrinal anchor of 1:19; must never suggest an open, ongoing channel of revelation resembling psicografia. |
| prophecy | προφητεία / prophēteia | profecia | Low | Reused — Romans TM | Baseline notes already exclude psicografia as an alternative. |
| prophecy of Scripture | προφητεία γραφῆς / prophēteia graphēs | profecia da Escritura | Critical | New | Combined phrase anchoring 1:20-21; ties προφητεία to γραφή. |
| Scripture(s) | γραφή / graphē | Escritura(s) | Critical | New | 3:16; must render consistently with 1:20 and imply a closed, complete canon, unlike Kardecism’s expanding body of channeled texts. |
| private interpretation | ἰδία ἐπίλυσις / idia epilysis | interpretação particular | Critical | New | 1:20; excludes any model of religious authority grounded in an individual’s private/mediumistic insight. |
| moved/carried along (by the Spirit) | φερόμενοι / pheromenoi | movidos | Critical | New | 1:21; must be distinguished from psicografia and Candomblé/Umbanda spirit “incorporação.” |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον / Pneuma Hagion | Espírito Santo | Critical | Reused — Romans TM | Same forbidden-substitution rules as baseline apply without modification. |
| holy men (of God) | ἅγιοι ἄνθρωποι (θεοῦ) / hagioi anthrōpoi (theou) | homens santos (de Deus) | Medium | New | 1:21; distinguish this bounded prophetic-author sense from the corporate “santos” of Rom 1:7. |
| fable/myth | μῦθος / mythos | fábulas | Low | New | 1:16; standard, unambiguous. |
| twist/distort | στρεβλόω / strebloō | distorcer | Medium | New | 3:16; distortion of apostolic writings. |
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
| Term (Eng. gloss) | Greek / Translit. | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grow | αὐξάνω / auxanō | crescer | High | New | 3:18 capstone verse; must not read as open-ended “evolução espiritual” across lifetimes. |
| virtue/excellence | ἀρετή / aretē | virtude / excelência | Medium | New | Dual referent (God’s excellence, 1:3; believer’s virtue, 1:5); track referent per occurrence. |
| diligence | σπουδή / spoudē | empenho / diligência | Medium | New | Must follow, not precede, the grace-given divine power of 1:3-4. |
| self-control | ἐγκράτεια / egkrateia | domínio próprio | Low | New | Standard term in the virtue chain. |
| endurance/perseverance | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | perseverança | Low | New | Standard term. |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια / eusebeia | piedade | Medium | New | Must convey inward reverence, not external ritual observance. |
| brotherly affection | φιλαδελφία / philadelphia | amor fraternal | Low | New | Standard term. |
| love | ἀγάπη / agapē | amor | Medium | New | Recommend adding to TM; disambiguate from romantic/generic “amor.” |
| full/precise knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις / epignōsis | pleno conhecimento | High | New | Distinguish from esoteric “gnosis”/mediumistic special knowledge. |
| knowledge (general) | γνῶσις / gnōsis | conhecimento | Medium | New | Distinct from ἐπίγνωσις; standard sense. |
| grace | χάρις / charis | graça | High | Reused — Romans TM | 1:2, 3:18. |
| faith | πίστις / pistis | fé | High | Reused — Romans TM | 1:1,5. |
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
| Term (Eng. gloss) | Greek / Translit. | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| false prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης / pseudoprophētēs | falso profeta | High | New | Must be read as an internal-to-the-community figure, not a generic label for other religions. |
| false teacher | ψευδοδιδάσκαλος / pseudodidaskalos | falso mestre | High | New | Central antagonist term of ch. 2. |
| destructive heresies | αἵρεσις ἀπωλείας / hairesis apōleias | heresias destruidoras | High | New | Retain the destructive outcome; do not soften to neutral “opinião.” |
| destruction/perdition | ἀπώλεια / apōleia | perdição / destruição | High | New | Final, decisive ruin — not a correctable stage across future lives. |
| judgment | κρίμα / κρίσις / krima / krisis | juízo / julgamento | High | New | Personal, forensic divine verdict, not impersonal karmic balancing. |
| Tartarus (place of angelic confinement) | Τάρταρος (ταρταρόω) / Tartaros | Tártaro / abismo | High | New | Avoid Purgatory-adjacent purification connotation; this is confinement pending judgment, not purification. |
| Master (absolute owner) | δεσπότης / despotēs | Soberano Senhor / Dono | Medium | New | Distinct nuance from κύριος; flag deviation if collapsed to plain “Senhor.” |
| bought (redeemed) | ἀγοράζω / agorazō | comprou / resgatou | Medium | New | Atonement/redemption vocabulary. |
| sensuality | ἀσέλγεια / aselgeia | lascívia / sensualidade | Medium | New | Standard vocabulary, low ambiguity. |
| freedom/liberty (false) | ἐλευθερία / eleutheria | liberdade | High | New | Distinguish false teachers’ licentious “freedom” from esoteric “libertação” via spiritual evolution. |
| dominion (angelic rank) | κυριότης / kyriotēs | autoridades / domínios | Medium | New | Angelology sense, distinct from Christ’s Lordship. |
| sin | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | pecado | Medium | Reused — Romans TM | 2:4 (angels who sinned). |
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
| Term (Eng. gloss) | Greek / Translit. | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| coming/return (parousia) | παρουσία / parousia | vinda | Critical | New | Single most important new Christological term; must denote one visible, bodily, non-repeatable future event. |
| power (of Christ) | δύναμις / dynamis | poder | High | New (contextual use) | Christ’s own divine power at the Transfiguration, tied to deity of Christ. |
| eyewitnesses | ἐπόπτης / epoptēs | testemunhas oculares | Low | New | Grounds apostolic testimony in verifiable history. |
| morning star | φωσφόρος / phōsphoros | estrela da alva / estrela da manhã | Critical | New | NEVER render with any cognate of “Lúcifer” — see forbidden substitution note below. |
| scoffer/mocker | ἐμπαίκτης / empaiktēs | escarnecedores | Medium | New | Deliberate ridicule of the return doctrine specifically. |
| Savior | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Salvador | Critical | New | Recurring “Senhor e Salvador” formula; render identically at every occurrence. |
| Lord | κύριος / kyrios | Senhor | Critical | Reused — Romans TM | Same exclusive-lordship force as baseline. |
| Son (of God) | Υἱός (τοῦ Θεοῦ) / Huios (tou Theou) | Filho (de Deus) | Critical | Reused — Romans TM | 1:17, Transfiguration voice; unique eternal Sonship, not adoptive believer-sonship. |
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
| Term (Eng. gloss) | Greek / Translit. | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου / hēmera kyriou | Dia do Senhor | Critical | New | Distinguish from the liturgical “dia do Senhor” (Sunday/Sabbath) in common Luso-Brazilian usage. |
| new heavens and new earth | καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν / kainous ouranous kai gēn kainēn | novos céus e nova terra | Critical | New | Definitive future cosmic renewal, not cyclical or evolving-planet cosmology. |
| elements (cosmic) | στοιχεῖα / stoicheia | elementos | Medium | New | Cosmic-dissolution sense must be clear in context. |
| righteousness dwells | δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ / dikaiosynē katoikei | a justiça habita | High | New | Built on baseline “justiça” (Critical); eschatological consummation of imputed righteousness. |
| flood | κατακλυσμός / kataklysmos | dilúvio | Low | New | Historical type of coming judgment. |
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
| Term (Eng. gloss) | Greek / Translit. | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| patience/longsuffering | μακροθυμία / μακροθυμέω / makrothymia / makrothymeō | paciência / longanimidade | High | New | Must not be read through a karma-like framework tolerating gradual self-correction across reincarnations. |
| delay/be slow | βραδύνω / bradynō | tardar / demorar | Medium | New | Retain force of denial — God is not negligent. |
| repentance | μετάνοια / metanoia | arrependimento | High | New | Decisive, once-for-all, this-life turning — not multi-life moral “reparação.” |
| will/desire (of God) | βούλομαι / boulomai | querer / desejar | Low | New | God’s desire that none perish (3:9). |
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
| Term (Eng. gloss) | Greek / Translit. | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| divine nature | θεία φύσις / theia physis | natureza divina | Critical | New | Single most distinctive new term in the book; grace-given ethical participation in God’s holiness, not innate divine spark evolving across reincarnations, nor pantheistic self-divinization. |
| partaker/partner | κοινωνός / koinōnos | participante / coparticipante | Critical | New | Paired with θεία φύσις; relational/ethical participation, not ontological absorption. |
| corruption | φθορά / phthora | corrupção | High | New | Moral decay sense (primary) and destruction sense (2:12,19); not mere biological mortality or a neutral “vehicle” the spirit sheds. |
| divine power | θεία δύναμις / theia dynamis | divino poder | High | New | Grace-given, not a human potential to self-actualize. |
| desire/lust | ἐπιθυμία / epithymia | concupiscência / desejo | Medium | New | Corrupting desire escaped through the divine nature. |
| eternal kingdom | βασιλεία αἰώνιος / basileia aiōnios | reino eterno | High | New | Real future consummation, not a gradually-reached collective spiritual state. |
Additional Load-Bearing Terms (General/Supporting Vocabulary)
| Term (Eng. gloss) | Greek / Translit. | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant | δοῦλος / doulos | servo | Low | New | Standard term, ch. 1. |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος / apostolos | apóstolo | Low | Reused — Romans TM | Ch. 1. |
| glory | δόξα / doxa | glória | Medium | Reused — Romans TM | 1:3,17; also rare plural angelological sense in 2:10 (flag separately). |
| calling / election | κλῆσις / ἐκλογή | chamado / eleição | High | Reused — Romans TM | 1:10. |
| firm/sure | βεβαία / bebaia | firme | Medium | New | 1:10; evidential, not causative, of assurance. |
| tent (body) | σκήνωμα / skēnōma | tenda (corpo) | Low | New | Death-euphemism metaphor, 1:13-14. |
| departure (death) | ἔξοδος / exodos | partida | Low | New | 1:15. |
| honor | τιμή / timē | honra | Low | New | 1:17. |
| majesty | μεγαλειότης / megaleiotēs | majestade | Low | New | 1:16. |
| beloved | ἀγαπητός / agapētos | amado | Low | New | 1:17. |
| well-pleased | εὐδοκέω / eudokeō | agradar-se / ter prazer | Low | New | 1:17. |
| lamp | λύχνος / lychnos | lâmpada | Low | New | 1:19. |
| Sodom and Gomorrah / Noah / Lot / Balaam | Σόδομα, Γόμορρα, Νῶε, Λώτ, Βαλαάμ | Sodoma, Gomorra, Noé, Ló, Balaão | Low | New | Established proper-name forms in Portuguese Bible tradition. |
| defilement | μιασμός / miasmos | contaminação | Low | New | 2:10. |
| spots and blemishes | σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι | manchas e defeitos | Low | New | 2:13. |
| adultery | μοιχαλίς / moichalis | adultério | Low | New | 2:14. |
| waterless springs | πηγαὶ ἄνυδροι | fontes sem água | Low | New | 2:17. |
| commandment | ἐντολή / entolē | mandamento | Low | New | 2:21. |
| proverb | παροιμία / paroimia | provérbio | Low | New | 2:22. |
| reminder | ὑπόμνησις / hypomnēsis | lembrança | Low | New | 3:1. |
| error/deception | πλάνη / planē | erro / engano | Medium | New | 3:17. |
| firmness/steadfastness | στηριγμός / stērigmos | firmeza | Low | New | 3:17. |
| creation | κτίσις / ktisis | criação | Low | New | 3:4-5. |
Forbidden Substitution Additions (Recommended for Phase 2 Instruction Set)
The following book-specific forbidden substitutions extend the baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md list and should be incorporated when that document is updated for 2 Peter:
- Morning star (φωσφόρος, 2 Peter 1:19): NEVER render with “Lúcifer” or any visible cognate of that name. Always use “estrela da alva” or “estrela da manhã.” Rationale: “Lúcifer” is a widely recognized name for Satan/a diabolic spirit figure in Brazilian popular religion; applying it to Christ’s certain return would catastrophically invert the text’s meaning.
- Carried along by the Spirit (φερόμενοι, 1:21): NEVER render in a way that could describe psicografia or Candomblé/Umbanda spirit “incorporação.” Always convey the Spirit’s sovereign, non-coercive superintendence of the human authors’ own faculties.
- Day of the Lord (ἡμέρα κυρίου, 3:10): Always accompany with a clarifying note distinguishing this eschatological day from the common liturgical use of “dia do Senhor” for Sunday/Sabbath.
- Divine nature (θεία φύσις, 1:4): NEVER frame as an innate divine spark evolving across reincarnations. Always convey grace-given, Christ-mediated ethical participation in God’s holiness.
- Growth in grace (αὐξάνω, 3:18): NEVER frame with vocabulary suggestive of “evolução espiritual” across lifetimes. Always convey Christ-centered, grace-empowered, this-life sanctifying progress toward a fixed goal.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justiça
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado por esforço moral próprio
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:1 (God’s righteous character granting faith) and 3:13 (righteousness dwelling in the new creation). Must never collapse into moral achievement.
Lord
Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Senhor apenas em sentido devocional, sem reivindicação de senhorio total
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs in 2 Peter’s fixed formula ‘nosso Senhor e Salvador Jesus Cristo’ (1:1,11; 2:20; 3:2,18) — must render identically at every occurrence. Distinct from δεσπότης (2:1), tracked separately as master_despotes.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Filho de Deus
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: filho de Deus no sentido genérico aplicado a todo crente
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:17, the Father’s Transfiguration declaration ‘este é o meu Filho amado.’ Unique, eternal, co-equal Sonship — never softened toward the Kardecist ‘espírito mais evoluído’ Christology.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espírito Santo
Transliteration: Pneuma Hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:21, the Spirit’s superintendence of the human authors of Scripture. Same forbidden-substitution rules apply without modification.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Appears throughout in the recurring formula ‘nosso Senhor e Salvador Jesus Cristo.‘
God
Approved rendering: Deus
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:1-4, 1:17 (‘Deus Pai’), 1:21, throughout.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: um espírito superior ou mais evoluído (leitura espírita de Jesus como ‘o mais evoluído dos espíritos’)
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-reference only: in 2 Peter’s recurring formulaic occurrences, ‘Cristo’ functions as part of Jesus’ proper name (see christ_title_name below), not as an independent messianic-promise assertion. This entry governs any passage where the underlying messianic claim (not merely the name) is theologically active.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvação
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 3:15 (‘a paciência de nosso Senhor como salvação’). Ties directly to the ‘Salvador’ formula tracked below; never framed as gradual, self-achieved spiritual evolution.
Father
Approved rendering: Pai
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:17, ‘honra e glória da parte de Deus Pai’ at the Transfiguration.
Prophetic Word
Approved rendering: palavra profética
Transliteration: prophētikos logos
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: mensagem espiritual em contínua atualização (leitura análoga à psicografia)
New term. Doctrinal anchor of 2 Peter 1:19; the Old Testament prophetic witness, more firmly confirmed than even apostolic eyewitness experience. Must never be framed as an ongoing, repeatable channel of revelation, insulating it from Kardecism’s psicografia.
Prophecy Of Scripture
Approved rendering: profecia da Escritura
Transliteration: prophēteia graphēs
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
New term. Combined phrase anchoring 2 Peter 1:20-21. Must render consistently with the standalone ‘profecia’ and ‘Escritura(s)’ entries and never suggest a self-derived or individually channeled origin.
Scripture
Approved rendering: Escritura(s)
Transliteration: graphē
Doctrine: Canon and Authority of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: corpo de textos sagrados ainda em expansão (leitura análoga à psicografia continuada)
New term. 2 Peter 1:20, 3:16 (Paul’s letters placed alongside ‘as demais Escrituras’). Must render consistently across both occurrences and never carry vocabulary suggesting an open or still-expanding canon — a direct, live contrast with Kardecism’s ongoing stream of channeled texts (e.g. ‘O Livro dos Espíritos’).
Private Interpretation
Approved rendering: interpretação particular
Transliteration: idia epilysis
Doctrine: Private Interpretation and the Spirit’s Superintendence of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: percepção espiritual individual de um médium
New term. 2 Peter 1:20. Denies that prophecy originates in an individual interpreter’s own private insight — the letter’s own explicit denial of Kardecist mediumship’s individualized, medium-specific ‘spiritual truth’ (psicografia).
Carried Along By Spirit
Approved rendering: movidos
Transliteration: pheromenoi (pherō)
Doctrine: Private Interpretation and the Spirit’s Superintendence of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: movidos/guiados por espíritos (psicografia), incorporação de um espírito ou orixá (Candomblé/Umbanda)
New term. 2 Peter 1:21. Must never be rendered bare — always pair with an explicit qualifier (‘movidos pelo Espírito Santo’) and a standing teaching note distinguishing this sovereign, non-coercive, once-for-all, canonically closed inspiration from psicografia and Candomblé/Umbanda incorporação.
Parousia Coming
Approved rendering: vinda
Transliteration: parousia
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: presença espiritual contínua mediada por guias ou médiuns, leitura cíclica ou evolutiva da história
New term. 1:16; 3:4,12. Must denote a single, decisive, visible, bodily, non-repeatable future event. Lock to a fixed collocation (‘a vinda do Senhor,’ ‘sua vinda’) at every occurrence to build technical weight through consistency.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: estrela da alva / estrela da manhã
Transliteration: phōsphoros
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: Lúcifer (ou qualquer cognato)
New term. 2 Peter 1:19. FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never render with any cognate of ‘Lúcifer,’ a widely recognized Brazilian popular-religion name for Satan/a diabolic or exu-type spirit figure. Always use ‘estrela da alva’ or ‘estrela da manhã.‘
Savior
Approved rendering: Salvador
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Lord and Savior (Recurring Confessional Formula)
Rejected alternatives: guia espiritual, libertador em sentido genérico
New term. Recurs in the fixed formula ‘nosso Senhor e Salvador Jesus Cristo’ (1:1,11; 2:20; 3:2,18). Must render identically at every occurrence and never soften toward a self-achieved-salvation-compatible ‘guia’ or ‘libertador.‘
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Dia do Senhor
Transliteration: hēmera kyriou
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: domingo/dia litúrgico de adoração (leitura incorreta comum)
New term. 2 Peter 3:10. In Luso-Brazilian religious culture, ‘o dia do Senhor’ commonly denotes Sunday/the Sabbath. Every occurrence requires a clarifying note that this is the eschatological day of judgment and cosmic renewal.
New Heavens New Earth
Approved rendering: novos céus e nova terra
Transliteration: kainous ouranous kai gēn kainēn
Doctrine: New Heavens and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: cosmologia cíclica ou planeta em evolução coletiva (cosmologia espírita)
New term. 2 Peter 3:13, citing Isaiah 65:17; 66:22. A definitive, future, divinely accomplished renewal of creation, not a cyclical or evolving-planet cosmology.
Divine Nature
Approved rendering: natureza divina
Transliteration: theia physis
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: centelha divina inata, aperfeiçoada gradualmente ao longo de reencarnações sucessivas (leitura espírita), ‘eu divino’ panteísta ou de autoajuda esotérica
New term. 2 Peter 1:4, the only NT occurrence, and the single most distinctive theological term in this book. Must never appear without an explicit teaching note AT EVERY OCCURRENCE (not merely first occurrence) clarifying: (1) granted once through the gospel, not gradually earned or innate; (2) ethical/relational participation in holiness, not ontological absorption into deity; (3) received in this life through faith in Christ.
Partaker Koinonos
Approved rendering: participante / coparticipante
Transliteration: koinōnos
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: absorção ontológica na divindade, autodivinização gradual
New term. 2 Peter 1:4. Paired directly with theia_physis; relational/ethical participation, never ontological absorption.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: graça
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: mérito espiritual acumulado ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor received by faith. 2 Peter 1:2 (‘graça e paz’), 1:3-4 (grace as source of divine power and virtue), 3:18 (closing capstone ‘graça e conhecimento’). The grace-then-effort sequence of 1:3-8 must never collapse into Kardecist merit accumulated across lifetimes.
Faith
Approved rendering: fé
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: convicção espírita, fé genérica em forças espirituais
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:1 (‘fé de igual valor’), 1:5. Personal trust in Christ, not generic belief in the spirit world.
Calling
Approved rendering: chamado
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocação (narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:10 (‘confirmar o vosso chamado e eleição’). Never ‘vocação’ in the narrow priesthood/consecrated-life sense.
Election
Approved rendering: eleição
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado ao longo de reencarnações
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:10. Confirming election through godly living is evidential, not causative; must not read as a status re-earned or re-evaluated across future lives.
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: erro a ser corrigido em vidas futuras (leitura espírita)
Inherited from Romans package. Risk tier raised to High in this registry to match the bible_term_registry.json 2 Peter entry (baseline Romans doctrine registry lists Medium; bible_term_registry.json baseline lists High — this package follows the term-registry tier). 2 Peter 1:9 (purification from past sins), 2:4 (the angels who sinned).
Grow In Grace
Approved rendering: crescer
Transliteration: auxanō
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: evoluir espiritualmente ao longo de vidas sucessivas
New term. 2 Peter 3:18, the letter’s capstone exhortation. Never render standalone — always anchor to ‘na graça e no conhecimento de Cristo’ to block an open-ended ‘evolução espiritual’ reading.
Full Knowledge Epignosis
Approved rendering: pleno conhecimento
Transliteration: epignōsis
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: gnose esotérica ou conhecimento revelado por médiuns/iniciação
New term. 1:2,3,8; 2:20-21. Decisive, relational, saving knowledge of Christ constituting conversion. Must be distinguished from esoteric ‘gnosis’ prized in Gnostic-influenced and Spiritist Brazilian movements.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: falso profeta
Transliteration: pseudoprophētēs
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: líder de outra religião (leitura genérica incorreta)
New term. 2 Peter 2:1. Must be understood as a figure claiming divine authority from within the professed believing community, not a generic label for leaders of other religions.
False Teacher
Approved rendering: falso mestre
Transliteration: pseudodidaskalos
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: líder de outra religião (leitura genérica incorreta)
New term. 2 Peter 2:1, central antagonist term of the chapter. Same internal-community clarification as false_prophet.
Destructive Heresies
Approved rendering: heresias destruidoras
Transliteration: hairesis apōleias
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: diferença de opinião (leitura neutra incorreta)
New term. 2 Peter 2:1. Must retain the destructive outcome, never softened to a neutral difference of opinion.
Destruction Perdition
Approved rendering: perdição / destruição
Transliteration: apōleia
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: etapa corretiva a ser resolvida em vidas futuras (leitura espírita)
New term. 2:1,3; 3:7,16. Final, decisive ruin — never a correctable or temporary setback.
Judgment Krima
Approved rendering: juízo / julgamento
Transliteration: krima / krisis
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: lei de causa e efeito espírita (balanceamento cármico impessoal)
New term. 2:3,4,9; 3:7. Must consistently convey a real, personal, forensic divine verdict, never an impersonal cosmic balancing.
Tartarus
Approved rendering: Tártaro / abismo
Transliteration: Tartaros (tartaroō)
Doctrine: Angelic Judgment and Confinement (Tartarus)
Rejected alternatives: inferno em sentido de purificação (leitura análoga ao Purgatório), referência à mitologia grega sem explicação
New term. 2 Peter 2:4, the only NT occurrence. Requires an explanatory note at every occurrence distinguishing judicial confinement pending final judgment (no purificatory function) from both Purgatory-adjacent popular Catholic readings and bare Greek-mythology associations.
False Freedom
Approved rendering: liberdade
Transliteration: eleutheria
Doctrine: False Freedom and Licentiousness
Rejected alternatives: libertação do espírito em relação à matéria por evolução (leitura espírita)
New term. 2 Peter 2:19. Never let stand unqualified — anchor to ‘livre do domínio do pecado’ to distinguish from esoteric ‘libertação’ of the spirit from matter through reincarnation-based progress.
Power Of Christ
Approved rendering: poder
Transliteration: dynamis
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: capacidade humana genérica
New term. 2 Peter 1:16, Christ’s own divine power at the Transfiguration, distinct from the baseline’s general ‘poder de Deus’ abstraction; must be tied explicitly to the deity of Christ.
Righteousness Dwells
Approved rendering: a justiça habita
Transliteration: dikaiosynē katoikei
Doctrine: New Heavens and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: justiça alcançada por progresso moral coletivo acumulado
New term. 3:13. Built on the baseline Critical ‘justiça’; the eschatological consummation of righteousness believers already possess by faith.
Eternal Kingdom
Approved rendering: reino eterno
Transliteration: basileia aiōnios
Doctrine: Assurance of Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: estado espiritual coletivo alcançado gradualmente (leitura espírita)
New term. 2 Peter 1:11. Built on baseline ‘reino de Deus.’ Must be read as a real future consummation, not a gradually-reached collective spiritual state.
Patience Longsuffering
Approved rendering: paciência / longanimidade
Transliteration: makrothymeō / makrothymia
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: tolerância impessoal de um processo cármico ao longo de reencarnações
New term. 3:9,15. Purposeful, personal, salvation-oriented patience giving time for repentance now, in this one life — sharply distinguished from a karma-like framework.
Repentance
Approved rendering: arrependimento
Transliteration: metanoia
Doctrine: Repentance as a Decisive, This-Life Turning
Rejected alternatives: reparação cármica ao longo de vidas sucessivas (leitura espírita), penitência sacramental sem mudança de coração
New term. 3:9. A decisive, once-for-all turning made possible by grace within this present life.
Corruption Phthora
Approved rendering: corrupção
Transliteration: phthora
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: mortalidade biológica neutra, corpo como veículo temporário e moralmente neutro (leitura espírita)
New term. 1:4 (moral-corruption sense); 2:12,19 (destruction sense). Must retain both senses; never softened to mere biological mortality.
Divine Power
Approved rendering: divino poder
Transliteration: theia dynamis
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: potencial humano a ser autodesenvolvido (leitura de autoajuda/esotérica)
New term. 2 Peter 1:3. Must be clearly grace-given from Christ, not a human potential to be ‘developed.‘
Medium Risk Terms
Glory
Approved rendering: glória
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:3,17 (Christ’s glory at the Transfiguration); 3:18 (closing doxology). Note the DISTINCT rare plural angelological sense in 2:10 (‘glorious ones’), tracked separately under angelic_dominion — do not conflate the two senses.
Called
Approved rendering: chamado
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic register)
Inherited from Romans package. Not independently thematized in 2 Peter but retained for lexical consistency with ‘calling’ at 1:10.
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro em sentido ritual
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:18 (‘monte santo’), 2:21 (‘santo mandamento’), 1:21 (‘homens santos de Deus’ — tracked separately with an additional cross-reference note, see holy_men_of_god below).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: poder de Deus
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-reference; 2 Peter’s own occurrences of δύναμις (1:16, Christ’s power at the Transfiguration; 1:3, θεία δύναμις) are tracked as separate, contextually distinct new entries (power_of_christ, divine_power) because the referent and risk profile differ from the baseline Romans 1:16 sense.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: reino de Deus
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Inherited from Romans package. Basis for 2 Peter 1:11’s ‘reino eterno’ (tracked as a separate new entry, eternal_kingdom, given its added ‘eternal’ qualifier and distinct risk profile).
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidade emocional
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:2, opening greeting ‘graça e paz.‘
Holy Men Of God
Approved rendering: homens santos (de Deus)
Transliteration: hagioi anthrōpoi (theou)
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
New term. 2 Peter 1:21. Distinguish this bounded, specific reference class (the biblical prophetic authors) from the corporate believer-sense of ‘santos’ flagged Critical in the baseline Romans registry (Romans 1:7), to avoid readers assuming a canonized-elite class analogous to popular Catholic veneration of ‘os santos.‘
Twist Distort
Approved rendering: distorcer
Transliteration: strebloō
Doctrine: Canon and Authority of Scripture
New term. 2 Peter 3:16. The unstable and untaught distort Paul’s letters and ‘as demais Escrituras’ — this is distortion of closed, authoritative Scripture, not an evolving or negotiable body of teaching.
Virtue Excellence
Approved rendering: virtude / excelência
Transliteration: aretē
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: bondade genérica (colapsando os dois referentes)
New term. Dual referent: God’s own excellence (1:3) and believer’s Spirit-enabled virtue (1:5). Track which referent is active per occurrence.
Diligence
Approved rendering: empenho / diligência
Transliteration: spoudē
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: esforço que gera mérito acumulado (leitura espírita)
New term. 2 Peter 1:5. Must preserve the grace-then-effort sequence of 1:3-4 so as not to read as self-earned merit.
Godliness
Approved rendering: piedade
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: devoção ritual externa (velas, oferendas, fórmulas)
New term. Recurs 1:3, 1:6, 3:11. Must convey inward, Spirit-produced reverence, not external ritual observance risking conflation with syncretistic Brazilian folk practice.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: amor
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
New term, not seeded in the baseline Romans TM. Capstone virtue (1:7). Portuguese ‘amor’ is highly polysemous; must be disambiguated contextually as selfless, others-directed, God-like love.
Knowledge Gnosis
Approved rendering: conhecimento
Transliteration: gnōsis
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
New term. 1:5. Distinct from ἐπίγνωσις; standard sense, weaker version of the same esoteric-knowledge collision risk.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: Soberano Senhor / Dono
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Divine Ownership: The Master Who Bought Them
Rejected alternatives: colapso simples em ‘Senhor’ sem o sentido de propriedade absoluta
New term. 2 Peter 2:1. Distinct nuance from κύριος (absolute ownership); flag for native-speaker review if collapsed into plain ‘Senhor.‘
Bought Redeemed
Approved rendering: comprou / resgatou
Transliteration: agorazō
Doctrine: Divine Ownership: The Master Who Bought Them
Rejected alternatives: transação puramente comercial dissociada da cruz
New term. 2 Peter 2:1. Redemption language applied even to those who now deny the Master who bought them.
Sensuality
Approved rendering: lascívia / sensualidade
Transliteration: aselgeia
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
New term. 2:2,7,18. Standard vocabulary; low ambiguity.
Angelic Dominion
Approved rendering: autoridades / domínios (celestiais)
Transliteration: kyriotēs / doxai
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
New term. 2 Peter 2:10-11, rare plural/angelological sense. Must stay distinct from Christ’s own Lordship (κύριος) and from the standard abstract ‘glória.‘
Scoffer Mocker
Approved rendering: escarnecedores
Transliteration: empaiktēs
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: ceticismo religioso genérico
New term. 2 Peter 3:3. Must convey deliberate, willful ridicule of the specific doctrine of Christ’s return, not generic skepticism.
Cosmic Elements
Approved rendering: elementos
Transliteration: stoicheia
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
New term. 3:10,12. Ensure the cosmic-dissolution sense is clear from context, not chemistry-style ‘elements’ or vague ‘forces.‘
Delay Bradyno
Approved rendering: tardar / demorar
Transliteration: bradynō
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
New term. 3:9. Must retain the force of the denial — God is emphatically not negligent — not a neutral descriptive ‘slow.‘
Desire Lust Epithymia
Approved rendering: concupiscência / desejo (mau)
Transliteration: epithymia
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
New term. 2 Peter 1:4. The corrupting desire believers escape through the divine nature; tie consistently to corruption_phthora.
Firm Sure
Approved rendering: firme
Transliteration: bebaia
Doctrine: Assurance of Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: segurança criada ou gerada pelas próprias obras
New term. 2 Peter 1:10. Confirming assurance is evidential, not causative.
Error Deception
Approved rendering: erro / engano
Transliteration: planē
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
New term. 2 Peter 3:17, the error of lawless people believers must guard against.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apóstolo
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:1, Peter’s self-designation grounding the letter’s apostolic authority.
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: médium (channeler of spirit messages)
Inherited from Romans package. Background term for 2 Peter 1:19-21, 3:2 (‘santos profetas’).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecia
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: psicografia (spirit messages transcribed through mediums)
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:20-21 (‘nenhuma profecia da Escritura’). Never psicografia.
Myth Fable
Approved rendering: fábulas
Transliteration: mythos
Doctrine: Eyewitness Testimony and Apostolic Authority
New term. 2 Peter 1:16. Denies apostolic testimony is invented legend, unlike the false teachers’ fabrications (ch. 2).
Self Control
Approved rendering: domínio próprio
Transliteration: egkrateia
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
New term. Fourth link in the virtue chain (1:6).
Endurance Perseverance
Approved rendering: perseverança
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
New term. Fifth link in the virtue chain (1:6).
Brotherly Affection
Approved rendering: amor fraternal
Transliteration: philadelphia
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
New term. Seventh link in the virtue chain (1:7).
Eyewitnesses
Approved rendering: testemunhas oculares
Transliteration: epoptēs
Doctrine: Eyewitness Testimony and Apostolic Authority
New term. 2 Peter 1:16. Grounds apostolic testimony in verifiable history.
Flood
Approved rendering: dilúvio
Transliteration: kataklysmos / kataklyzō
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
New term. 2:5; 3:6. The historical Flood as a confirmed type of coming judgment.
Divine Will Boulomai
Approved rendering: querer / desejar
Transliteration: boulomai
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
New term. 3:9, God’s desire that none perish.
Servant
Approved rendering: servo
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Apostolic Greeting and Identity
New term. 2 Peter 1:1, Peter’s self-identification as Christ’s bondservant.
Tent Body
Approved rendering: tenda (corpo)
Transliteration: skēnōma
Doctrine: Mutual Reminder and Edification
New term. 2 Peter 1:13-14. Metaphor for mortal embodiment, distinct from the OT cultic ‘tabernáculo.‘
Departure Death
Approved rendering: partida
Transliteration: exodos
Doctrine: Mutual Reminder and Edification
New term. 2 Peter 1:15, a death-euphemism, not a reference to the Exodus narrative.
Honor
Approved rendering: honra
Transliteration: timē
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ at the Transfiguration
New term. 2 Peter 1:17.
Majesty
Approved rendering: majestade
Transliteration: megaleiotēs
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ at the Transfiguration
New term. 2 Peter 1:16, Christ’s visible divine glory at the Transfiguration.
Beloved
Approved rendering: amado
Transliteration: agapētos
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ at the Transfiguration
New term. 2 Peter 1:17.
Well Pleased
Approved rendering: agradar-se / ter prazer
Transliteration: eudokeō
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ at the Transfiguration
New term. 2 Peter 1:17.
Lamp
Approved rendering: lâmpada
Transliteration: lychnos
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
New term. 2 Peter 1:19, Scripture’s guiding light amid present darkness.
Defilement
Approved rendering: contaminação
Transliteration: miasmos
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
New term. 2 Peter 2:10.
Spots Blemishes
Approved rendering: manchas e defeitos
Transliteration: spiloi kai mōmoi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
New term. 2 Peter 2:13.
Adultery
Approved rendering: adultério
Transliteration: moichalis
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
New term. 2 Peter 2:14.
Waterless Springs
Approved rendering: fontes sem água
Transliteration: pēgai anydroi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
New term. 2 Peter 2:17, image of the false teachers’ empty promises.
Commandment
Approved rendering: mandamento
Transliteration: entolē
Doctrine: Apostasy and the Danger of Falling Away
New term. 2 Peter 2:21, the ‘holy commandment’ delivered to believers.
Proverb
Approved rendering: provérbio
Transliteration: paroimia
Doctrine: Apostasy and the Danger of Falling Away
New term. 2 Peter 2:22.
Reminder
Approved rendering: lembrança
Transliteration: hypomnēsis
Doctrine: Mutual Reminder and Edification
New term. 2 Peter 1:12-13, 3:1, Peter’s stated purpose for both letters.
Firmness
Approved rendering: firmeza
Transliteration: stērigmos
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
New term. 2 Peter 3:17, a rare word occurring only here in the NT.
Creation
Approved rendering: criação
Transliteration: ktisis
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
New term. 2 Peter 3:4-5, cited by both mockers and Peter regarding the world’s origin and history.
Christ Title Name
Approved rendering: Cristo
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Lord and Savior (Recurring Confessional Formula)
New term. Distinct from the baseline’s doctrinal ‘messiah’ entry (‘Messias’), which addresses the OT messianic-promise assertion specifically. In 2 Peter’s recurring formula ‘nosso Senhor e Salvador Jesus Cristo,’ ‘Cristo’ functions as part of Jesus’ proper name per standard Almeida-tradition usage.
Proper Names Ot Examples
Approved rendering: Sodoma, Gomorra, Noé, Ló, Balaão
Transliteration: Sodoma, Gomorra, Nōe, Lōt, Balaam
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
New term set. 2 Peter 2:5-8,15-16, established Almeida-tradition proper-name forms used as historical judgment/warning exempla; no ambiguity risk.