Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Joel
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| Term (EN) | Original (Heb./Gk.) | Portuguese (REUSED, baseline TM) | Risk | Doctrine Link | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | אֱלֹהִים Elohim | Deus | Critical | (all) | 1, 2, 3 | Reused exactly. See baseline note on Candomblé/Umbanda orixá syncretism (e.g., Iemanjá/Nossa Senhora), directly relevant to Joel 3:18’s fountain imagery. |
| Lord (title, Adonai/Kyrios) | אֲדֹנָי Adonai; κύριος (LXX) | Senhor | Critical | Lordship, Day of the LORD | 2 (28-32), 3 | Reused exactly for title-uses. See new yhwh_divine_name entry below for the distinct covenant-name convention required throughout this OT book. |
| Holy Spirit | רוּחַ / πνεῦμα ἅγιον (theological identification via Acts 2) | Espírito Santo | Critical | The Outpouring of the Holy Spirit | 2 (28-29) | Reused exactly. Baseline’s rejection of “espíritos guias,” Candomblé/Umbanda orixás/spirit-guides applies with full force to Joel 2:28-29. |
| Salvation | יִמָּלֵט / σωθήσεται | salvação / será salvo | Critical | The Day of the Lord; salvation confession bridge to Romans 10:13 | 2:32 | Reused exactly. This verse is the Old Testament source Paul quotes in Romans 10:13 — cross-curriculum consistency mandatory. |
| Called / Calling | קֹרֵא / προσκέκληται | chamado | High | Restoration; remnant | 2:32 | Reused exactly for “whom the LORD calls.” |
| Election (conceptual link) | שְׂרִידִים (remnant, related concept) | eleição (conceptual cross-reference, not a direct lexical match) | High | Remnant/effectual calling | 2:32 | Reused as doctrinal cross-reference; “remnant” itself is a NEW term below, but its underlying doctrine reuses the baseline’s election risk framing. |
| Holy / Sanctify | קָדַשׁ qadash | santo / santificar | High | Separation unto God’s service | 1:14, 2:15-16 | Reused exactly for “sanctify a fast,” “sanctify the assembly.” |
| Israel | יִשְׂרָאֵל | Israel | Low | Covenant people | 2, 3 | Reused exactly. |
| Prophet / Prophecy (base terms) | נָבִיא / προφήτης | profeta / profecia | Low (Elevated to High in specific collocation — see New Terms) | Inspiration; Outpouring of the Spirit | 2:28 | Base term reused exactly; see NEW entry prophesy_dreams_visions_cluster below for an elevated, curriculum-specific risk note. |
| Grace (conceptual link) | חֶסֶד chesed (related, not identical concept) | graça (cross-referenced; primary rendering of chesed is NEW, see below) | High | God’s covenant character | 2:13 | Chesed is conceptually related to but not lexically identical with NT χάρις; do not simply substitute “graça” for chesed — see NEW entry steadfast_love_chesed. |
| Providence (conceptual link) | (thematic, ch. 1-2 locust-army sovereignty) | providência | High | Locust Plague as Divine Judgment | 1, 2 | Reused as doctrinal cross-reference to the baseline’s rejection of the Kardecist “lei de causa e efeito.” |
B. New Terms Introduced by This Curriculum
| Term (EN) | Original (Heb./Gk.), Transliteration | Proposed Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Chapters | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of the LORD | יוֹם יְהוָה yom YHWH; ἡμέρα κυρίου (LXX) | o Dia do SENHOR | Critical | The Day of the Lord | 1:15; 2:1, 11, 31; 3:14 | Anchor doctrine and phrase of the entire book. Must use small-caps “SENHOR” per the Almeida divine-name convention (see yhwh_divine_name below), consistently across every occurrence and across any future curriculum quoting Joel (1 Thessalonians 5:2, 2 Peter 3:10, etc.). |
| YHWH, the divine covenant name | יהוה YHWH | SENHOR (small capitals/versalete) | Critical | Underlies all five core doctrines | 1, 2, 3 (pervasive) | New methodological entry required because Joel (OT Hebrew) uses the Tetragrammaton pervasively, unlike the Romans baseline (NT Greek, κύριος only). Must be typographically distinguished from “Senhor” (regular case, for Adonai/Kyrios-as-title) and from “Deus” (Elohim). Getting this wrong flattens Joel’s central rhetorical move: the coming Day belongs specifically to Israel’s covenant God, not a generic deity. |
| Pour out (the Spirit) | שָׁפַךְ shaphak; ἐκχέω ekcheō | derramar | Medium | The Outpouring of the Holy Spirit | 2:28-29 | Standard verb; risk is carried by the object (Espírito Santo, Critical), not the verb itself. |
| All flesh | כָּל־בָּשָׂר kol basar; πᾶσα σάρξ pasa sarx | toda a humanidade / todo ser humano (preferred over literal “toda carne”) | Medium | Outpouring of the Spirit; universal scope | 2:28 | Avoid a wooden “toda carne” reading that suggests all living creatures generically; connects to baseline’s universal_scope_of_gospel (High). |
| Prophesy + dream dreams + see visions (as a cluster) | נִבָּא / חָלַם / חָזָה (Heb.); προφητεύω / ἐνυπνιάζομαι / ὁράω (LXX) | profetizar / sonhar sonhos / ver visões | High (elevated above baseline’s Low prophet/prophecy) | Outpouring of the Holy Spirit | 2:28 | This specific combination of Spirit-given prophecy, dreams, and visions closely mirrors the phenomenological vocabulary of Brazilian Kardecist mediumship and folk dream-interpretation practice. Requires explicit teaching that these are Spirit-initiated, Scripture-bounded, and under God’s sovereign control — not techniques, gifts to be cultivated by the individual, or communication with the dead. |
| Servants and handmaids (social inclusion of the Spirit) | עֲבָדִים וּשְׁפָחוֹת avadim u-shephachot; δούλους…δούλας | servos e servas | Medium–High | Outpouring of the Holy Spirit | 2:29 | Given Brazil’s history as the largest slaveholding society in the Americas, this verse’s social-leveling force (the Spirit given without regard to social rank) should be taught explicitly rather than passed over, echoing the cultural weight the baseline gives to unity_of_jews_and_gentiles. |
| Call on the name of the LORD | קָרָא בְשֵׁם יְהוָה qara be-shem YHWH; ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου | invocar o nome do SENHOR (OT) / invocar o nome do Senhor (NT fulfillment in Jesus) | Critical | The Day of the Lord; salvation confession bridge to Romans 10:9-13 | 2:32 | The single most important cross-curriculum phrase in this Language Package extension: Joel’s OT call to invoke YHWH is the direct textual antecedent of Romans 10:9-13’s confession of Jesus as “Senhor.” Teaching material must draw this canonical line explicitly without collapsing the OT context into an anachronistic reading of the OT text itself. |
| Remnant | שְׂרִידִים seridim | remanescente | High | Restoration; effectual calling | 2:32 | Must not be read as a class of more spiritually “evolved” survivors (a possible Kardecist inference); this is God’s sovereign, gracious preservation of those he calls. |
| Wonders / signs | מוֹפְתִים mofetim; τέρατα terata | prodígios / maravilhas | Low–Medium | The Day of the Lord | 2:30 | Standard apocalyptic-judgment vocabulary; minor risk of an occult misreading, mitigated by context. |
| Cosmic darkening (sun/moon) | הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ…לְחֹשֶׁךְ…הַיָּרֵחַ לְדָם (Heb.) | o sol se converterá em trevas, e a lua em sangue | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 2:31; cf. 3:15 | Preserve literal apocalyptic force; do not domesticate into vague “hard times” language. |
| Locust terms (four successive waves) | גָּזָם / אַרְבֶּה / יֶלֶק / חָסִיל (Heb.); κάμπη / ἀκρίς / βροῦχος / ἐρυσίβη (LXX) | gafanhoto (anchor term) + descriptive qualifiers for the successive waves | Medium | The Locust Plague as Divine Judgment | 1:4 (recurs 1:6, 2:25) | Preserve the rhetorical structure of total, escalating devastation over precise entomological identification. |
| Locust army as divine judgment (thematic) | עַם רַב וְעָצוּם am rav ve-atsum, and the extended battle imagery of ch. 2 | um povo grande e poderoso / exército do SENHOR | High | The Locust Plague as Divine Judgment | 1, 2:1-11 | Must preserve personal divine agency (“the LORD utters his voice before his army,” 2:11) against a reading of impersonal natural catastrophe or impersonal karmic causality. |
| Sackcloth / fasting / lament | שַׂק / צוֹם / יָלַל (Heb.) | saco / jejum / lamentar(-se) | Low–Medium | Repentance and Return to God (precursor) | 1 | External signs of grief; must be paired with ch. 2’s correction that God desires internal repentance, not ritual alone. |
| Grain offering and drink offering | מִנְחָה וָנֶסֶךְ minchah va-nesekh | oferta de manjares/cereais e libação | Low | (temple-cultus background) | 1:9, 13; 2:14 | Standard OT cultic vocabulary; needs brief explanatory context for readers unfamiliar with Levitical worship. |
| Trumpet (shofar) | שׁוֹפָר shophar | trombeta | Low–Medium | The Day of the Lord (alarm and assembly) | 2:1, 15 | Same instrument frames both judgment-alarm and worship-assembly; note both uses. |
| Rend your heart, not your garments | קִרְעוּ לְבַבְכֶם וְאַל־בִּגְדֵיכֶם qir’u levavkhem ve-al bigdeikhem | rasgai o vosso coração, e não as vossas vestes | High | Repentance and Return to God | 2:13 | Central repentance verse; must not be softened into ritual-sufficiency (Catholic-culture risk) or self-directed moral reform across lifetimes (Kardecist “reforma íntima” risk). |
| Return / repent (shuv) | שׁוּב shuv | voltar-se (a/para) / converter-se | High | Repentance and Return to God | 2:12-13 | Core OT repentance term; relational covenantal return, not generic self-improvement or Kardecist “reforma íntima” pursued across incarnations. |
| Steadfast love (chesed) | חֶסֶד chesed | benignidade / amor leal / misericórdia | High | Repentance and Return to God (grounds for repentance) | 2:13 | Conceptually related to but not identical with NT χάρις/graça; grounds the call to repent in God’s revealed covenant character, not human merit. |
| God relents of disaster | נִחַם עַל־הָרָעָה nicham al ha-ra’ah | arrepende(-se) do mal / volta atrás quanto ao mal | Medium | Repentance and Return to God | 2:13-14 | Anthropopathic language describing God’s relational responsiveness, not moral change or fallibility; avoid implying God sinned or erred. |
| I will restore the years the locust has eaten | וְשִׁלַּמְתִּי…אֶת־הַשָּׁנִים ve-shillamti…et ha-shanim | restituirei os anos | Critical (curriculum-specific) | Restoration and Blessing after Repentance | 2:25 | Direct collision risk with the Kardecist doctrine of karmic “reparação/restituição” worked out by a spirit’s own effort across successive reincarnations. Must be taught explicitly as gracious divine compensation flowing from repentance and covenant relationship in this life, not an automatic karmic ledger-balancing across lifetimes. |
| Valley of Jehoshaphat | עֵמֶק יְהוֹשָׁפָט Emeq Yehoshaphat | vale de Josafá | Low–Medium | The Day of the Lord (judgment on nations) | 3:2, 12 | Name means “YHWH judges”; gloss the meaning for readers, since the transliteration alone will not convey it. |
| Valley of Decision | עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ Emeq he-Charuts | vale da Decisão | Medium | The Day of the Lord (judgment on nations) | 3:14 | Preserve the sense of irrevocable finality. |
| Beat plowshares into swords | כֹּתּוּ אִתֵּיכֶם לַחֲרָבוֹת kottu ittekhem la-charavot | forjai espadas das relhas de vossos arados | Low–Medium | The Day of the Lord (judgment on nations) | 3:10 | Intentional ironic reversal of Isaiah 2:4/Micah 4:3; flag to avoid confusing the two passages. |
| The LORD roars from Zion | יְהוָה מִצִּיּוֹן יִשְׁאָג YHWH mi-Tsiyon yish’ag | o SENHOR bramará desde Sião | Low | The Day of the Lord | 3:16 | Theophanic divine-warrior imagery; standard rendering. |
| Refuge / stronghold | מַחֲסֶה / מָעוֹז machaseh / ma’oz | refúgio / fortaleza | Low | Restoration and Blessing after Repentance | 3:16 | Standard protective imagery. |
| A fountain shall come forth from the house of the LORD | וּמַעְיָן מִבֵּית יְהוָה יֵצֵא u-ma’yan mi-beit YHWH yetse | uma fonte sairá da casa do SENHOR | High | Restoration and Blessing after Repentance | 3:18 | Distinct Brazilian syncretism risk: Candomblé/Umbanda water-associated orixás (Oxum, Iemanjá) receive real cultic veneration at fountains, rivers, and the sea. Must state explicitly that this fountain’s exclusive source is “a casa do SENHOR,” not an independent nature-spirit or sacred water source. |
| Nations (objects of judgment) | הַגּוֹיִם ha-goyim | nações | Medium | The Day of the Lord (judgment on nations) | 3:2, 9, 11-12 | Do NOT render as “gentios” (the baseline’s positive, covenant-inclusion term for non-Jews receiving the gospel in Romans). Joel’s “nations” here are objects of judgment for violence against God’s people — a distinct nuance requiring the neutral “nações,” not “gentios.” |
| The LORD dwells in Zion | וַיהוָה שֹׁכֵן בְּצִיּוֹן va-YHWH shokhen be-Tsiyon | e o SENHOR habita em Sião | Low | Restoration and Blessing after Repentance | 3:21 | Closing covenant-presence formula; standard rendering consistent with the SENHOR convention used throughout. |
C. Risk Summary for This Curriculum
| Risk Tier | Count (New Terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 4 (Day of the LORD; YHWH divine name; Call on the name of the LORD; Restore the years the locust has eaten) | Human theologian review, every occurrence |
| High | 9 | Human theologian review |
| Medium | 10 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 8 | Automated / native speaker spot-check |
Note on full-book coverage: All three chapters of Joel (Portuguese/English versification) have been analyzed above. No chapter is without load-bearing theological vocabulary — Joel is a short, densely doctrinal book — so no “no new vocabulary” notation is required; each chapter section documents either new terms or explicit reuse of baseline/prior-chapter terms.
End of 08_core_glossary.md
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Deus
Transliteration: theos / Elohim / YHWH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Standard and unambiguous. Note for pastoral awareness in Afro-Brazilian contexts: Candomblé/Umbanda orixás are sometimes syncretized with Catholic saints (e.g. Iemanjá with Our Lady of Navigators), which can blur exclusive monotheism if not addressed directly. Joel relevance: Joel 2:27’s ‘Eu sou o SENHOR, vosso Deus, e não há outro’ is a direct classic OT monotheistic formula and the strongest textual anchor in this curriculum against that syncretism; pair ‘Deus’ (Elohim) carefully with the distinct ‘SENHOR’ (YHWH) rendering — see yhwh_divine_name.
Lord
Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Senhor apenas em sentido devocional, sem reivindicação de senhorio total
Inherited from Romans package. Romans 10:9, ‘Jesus é o Senhor,’ is the salvation confession; must convey exclusive, supreme lordship over the whole of life. Joel relevance: Joel 2:32a (‘todo aquele que invocar o nome do SENHOR será salvo’) is the direct Old Testament source Paul quotes in Romans 10:13. Teaching material must draw the canonical bridge from Israel’s OT invocation of YHWH’s covenant name to the NT confession of Jesus as ‘Senhor’ without collapsing the OT text’s own historical address to Israel. See also lord_title and yhwh_divine_name for the OT-specific three-way distinction this book requires.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espírito Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: רוּחִי (ruchi, ‘my Spirit’) / πνεῦμα ἅγιον (theological identification via Acts 2)
Category: Holy Spirit
Inherited from Romans package. Must be taught as the personal third Person of the Trinity, explicitly distinguished from Kardecist ‘espíritos guias’/‘mentores espirituais’ and from Candomblé/Umbanda orixás and spirit guides invoked and incorporated by mediums. Joel relevance: Joel 2:28-29’s bare Hebrew text says only ‘meu Espírito’ (God speaking); the identification with the Holy Spirit is a canonical inference confirmed by Peter’s direct Koine Greek quotation in Acts 2:17-21. Render the base text as ‘derramarei do meu Espírito’ and supply the NT identification as an explicit teaching bridge rather than silently substituting ‘Espírito Santo’ into the OT wording itself.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvação
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas
Original: יִמָּלֵט (yimmalet, ‘will escape/be delivered’) / σωθήσεται (LXX, ‘will be saved’)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. The single highest-risk term in the Romans Language Package given Kardecism’s scale in Brazil. Joel relevance: Joel 2:32’s ‘será salvo’ (Hebrew yimmalet / LXX sōthēsetai) is the exact verb-form Paul cites in Romans 10:13; cross-curriculum consistency between this Joel package and the Romans package is mandatory for this verse.
Yhwh Divine Name
Approved rendering: SENHOR
Transliteration: YHWH
Doctrine: The Covenant Name of God (YHWH)
Rejected alternatives: Javé (transliteration; breaks the pan-Lusophone Almeida convention), Jeová (transliteration strongly associated with Jehovah’s Witness translations), senhor em minúsculas (collapses the covenant-name distinction)
Original: יהוה
Category: Divine Name
NEW, methodologically required because Joel (OT Hebrew) is saturated with the Tetragrammaton, unlike the Romans baseline (NT Greek, kyrios only). Must render ‘SENHOR’ in small capitals/versalete per the Almeida tradition, typographically distinguished from regular-case ‘Senhor’ (Adonai/kyrios-as-title, see lord_title) and from ‘Deus’ (Elohim, see god). Pervasive throughout Joel 1-3, especially in ‘o Dia do SENHOR’. Collapsing this distinction erases Joel’s central rhetorical claim that the coming Day belongs specifically to Israel’s covenant God, not a generic deity compatible with syncretistic frameworks.
Lord Title
Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: Adonai / kyrios
Doctrine: Divine Lordship (Title Use)
Rejected alternatives: SENHOR (versalete) quando o hebraico usa אֲדֹנָי e não יהוה, confundindo título com nome próprio
Original: אֲדֹנָי / κύριος
Category: God
NEW entry distinguishing the regular-case title use (Adonai/kyrios) from the covenant proper name (yhwh_divine_name). Rarer in Joel than the pervasive Tetragrammaton, but translators must not default to small-caps SENHOR wherever a generic lordship title, rather than the proper name, is intended, and vice versa.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: o Dia do SENHOR
Transliteration: yom YHWH / hēmera kyriou
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: dia do senhor (minúsculas, genérico), dia do juízo (perde a ligação com o nome pactual de Deus)
Original: יוֹם יְהוָה
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Anchor doctrine and phrase of the entire book (Joel 1:15; 2:1, 11, 31; 3:14). Must use small-caps SENHOR consistently across every occurrence and across any future curriculum quoting the phrase (1 Thessalonians 5:2; 2 Peter 3:10). Kardecism’s doctrine of open-ended spiritual evolution across reincarnations denies any single decisive Day of reckoning at all — a structural, not merely terminological, collision requiring unqualified apocalyptic vocabulary (never vague ‘hard times’ language).
Call On The Name Of The Lord
Approved rendering: invocar o nome do SENHOR
Transliteration: qara be-shem YHWH / epikalesētai to onoma kyriou
Doctrine: Calling on the Name of the LORD unto Salvation
Rejected alternatives: petição religiosa genérica, invocação mediúnica de espíritos de mortos
Original: קָרָא בְשֵׁם יְהוָה (qara be-shem YHWH) / ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου
Category: Salvation
NEW. Joel 2:32’s decisive act of appeal and covenant dependence, directly quoted by Peter (Acts 2:21) and Paul (Romans 10:13). The verb ‘invocar’ must match whatever rendering the Romans package uses for Romans 10:13. Teaching material must draw the canonical bridge to Jesus confessed as ‘Senhor’ without anachronistically collapsing Joel’s own historical address to Israel.
Restore The Years The Locust Has Eaten
Approved rendering: restituirei os anos
Transliteration: ve-shillamti lakhem et ha-shanim
Doctrine: Restoration and Blessing after Repentance
Rejected alternatives: restituição/reparação cármica ao longo de reencarnações sucessivas (leitura espírita)
Original: וְשִׁלַּמְתִּי לָכֶם אֶת־הַשָּׁנִים
Category: Restoration
NEW, curriculum-specific collision unique to Joel (no prior institutional safeguard in the Romans baseline). Kardecism teaches ‘reparação’/‘restituição cármica’ worked out by a spirit’s own effort across successive lives. Must be taught explicitly, at every occurrence (Joel 2:25), as gracious divine compensation flowing from repentance and covenant relationship in this life from a personal God, never an automatic karmic ledger balanced across lifetimes.
High Risk Terms
Calling
Approved rendering: chamado
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocação (narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
Inherited from Romans package. Use ‘chamado’ for the universal divine calling, never the Catholic-culture-narrowed ‘vocação’. Joel relevance: reinforces the remnant doctrine of Joel 2:32 — see the new remnant entry below for the specific Kardecist merit-based misreading this must be guarded against.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: santificação
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purificação cármica ao longo de reencarnações (leitura espírita)
Inherited from Romans package. Joel relevance: this baseline rejection of gradual karmic purification across reincarnations directly parallels and reinforces the Joel-specific rejection required for return_to_the_lord and rend_your_heart below.
Election
Approved rendering: eleição
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado ao longo de reencarnações
Inherited from Romans package, used here as a conceptual cross-reference. Joel relevance: grounds the doctrine of the remnant in Joel 2:32 (‘among the survivors shall be those whom the LORD calls’) — God’s sovereign, personal choice, not merit accumulated across lifetimes.
Grace
Approved rendering: graça
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: mérito espiritual acumulado ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package, used here as a conceptual cross-reference only. Joel relevance: Joel 2:13’s chesed (steadfast covenant love) is a conceptual forerunner to, but NOT lexically identical with, this NT term. Do not substitute ‘graça’ as the base-text translation of chesed — see steadfast_love_chesed below.
Providence
Approved rendering: providência
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: lei de causa e efeito espírita (regência cármica das reencarnações)
Inherited from Romans package, used here as a conceptual cross-reference. Joel relevance: directly parallels the Locust Plague as Divine Judgment and Divine Sovereignty over Nature doctrines (Joel 1:4-7; 2:1-11, 21-25); the plague and its reversal are YHWH’s personal, purposive acts, not an impersonal karma-like causal law.
Prophesy
Approved rendering: profetizar
Transliteration: nibbe’u / prophēteusousin
Doctrine: Spirit-Given Prophecy, Dreams, and Visions
Rejected alternatives: mediunidade (recepção de mensagens espirituais por médiuns)
Original: נִבְּאוּ (nibbe’u) / προφητεύσουσιν (prophēteusousin)
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW, elevated above the baseline’s Low prophet/prophecy rating because in Joel 2:28 this verb combines with dreaming and visions in a single verse, closely mirroring the phenomenological cluster Kardecism uses to describe mediumship. Must be taught as Spirit-given, Scripture-bounded proclamation under God’s sovereign initiative, not communication with discarnate spirits or a trainable mediumistic faculty.
Dream Dreams
Approved rendering: sonhar sonhos
Transliteration: chalomot yachalomun
Doctrine: Spirit-Given Prophecy, Dreams, and Visions
Rejected alternatives: interpretação de sonhos como presságio (cultura popular do ‘jogo do bicho’), sonhos como veículo de comunicação espírita
Original: חֲלֹמוֹת יַחֲלֹמוּן
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW. Brazilian popular culture has widespread dream-interpretation practice, and Kardecism teaches dreams as a vehicle of spirit communication. Must clarify these are Spirit-given, God-initiated dreams tied to prophetic proclamation, not generic omen-reading or spirit contact.
See Visions
Approved rendering: ver visões
Transliteration: chezyonot yir’u
Doctrine: Spirit-Given Prophecy, Dreams, and Visions
Rejected alternatives: visões induzidas ou canalizadas por médiuns
Original: חֶזְיֹנוֹת יִרְאוּ
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW. Same risk profile as dream_dreams; must be taught as Spirit-given and God-initiated, not self-induced or spirit-channeled.
Servants And Handmaids
Approved rendering: servos e servas
Transliteration: avadim u-shephachot
Doctrine: Social Inclusion in the Spirit’s Outpouring
Original: עֲבָדִים וּשְׁפָחוֹת (avadim u-shephachot) / δούλους…δούλας
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW. Given Brazil’s history as the largest slaveholding society in the Americas, this verse’s social-leveling force (the Spirit given without regard to social rank) carries direct, weighty cultural resonance and should be taught explicitly, echoing the baseline’s treatment of unity_of_jews_and_gentiles.
Remnant
Approved rendering: remanescente
Transliteration: seridim
Doctrine: The Remnant and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: sobreviventes mais evoluídos espiritualmente (leitura espírita)
Original: שְׂרִידִים (seridim)
Category: Salvation
NEW. Must not be read as a class of more spiritually ‘evolved’ souls meriting preservation; this is God’s sovereign, gracious preservation, consistent with the baseline’s rejection of merit accumulated across reincarnations under election.
Rend Your Heart
Approved rendering: rasgai o vosso coração, e não as vossas vestes
Transliteration: qir’u levavkhem ve-al bigdeikhem
Doctrine: Repentance and Return to God
Rejected alternatives: penitência ritual externa tratada como suficiente em si mesma
Original: קִרְעוּ לְבַבְכֶם וְאַל־בִּגְדֵיכֶם
Category: Repentance
NEW. Central repentance verse (Joel 2:13). Must not be softened into mere emotional feeling, nor conflated with (a) a Catholic-culture reading of ritual penance as sufficient alone, or (b) the Kardecist devotional concept of gradual moral self-correction pursued across lifetimes.
Return To The Lord
Approved rendering: voltai-vos a mim / convertei-vos
Transliteration: shuvu adai
Doctrine: Repentance and Return to God
Rejected alternatives: reforma íntima (autoaperfeiçoamento espírita pessoal buscado ao longo de encarnações)
Original: שׁוּבוּ עָדַי (shuvu adai) / ἐπιστράφητε πρός με
Category: Repentance
NEW. Must be taught as a relational, covenantal return to the LORD who has spoken and initiated the call, not read through generic self-improvement resolutions or Kardecism’s well-known ‘reforma íntima’ devotional practice. Distinguish carefully from both.
Steadfast Love Chesed
Approved rendering: benignidade / amor leal
Transliteration: chesed
Doctrine: God’s Covenant Character (Steadfast Love)
Rejected alternatives: graça (substituição direta que apagaria a distinção conceitual entre o AT e o NT)
Original: חֶסֶד (chesed), within חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם וְרַב־חֶסֶד
Category: God
NEW. The Exodus 34:6 covenant formula (Joel 2:13) grounds the call to repent in God’s own revealed character, not human merit. Conceptually related to but not lexically identical with the baseline’s ‘graça’ (charis); use ‘graça’ only for explicit forward-pointing cross-references to the NT fulfillment, never as the base-text translation of chesed itself.
Locust Army As Divine Judgment
Approved rendering: um povo grande e poderoso / exército do SENHOR
Transliteration: am rav ve-atsum
Doctrine: The Locust Plague as Divine Judgment
Rejected alternatives: catástrofe natural impessoal, lei de causa e efeito espírita (regência cármica)
Original: עַם רַב וְעָצוּם (am rav ve-atsum)
Category: Divine Judgment
NEW. The locust swarm is YHWH’s own disciplined army executing his direct command (Joel 2:11, ‘o SENHOR levanta a voz diante do seu exército’). Must preserve personal, purposive divine agency; never let the army-image stand as unowned natural catastrophe or impersonal karmic causality.
Fountain From The House Of The Lord
Approved rendering: uma fonte sairá da casa do SENHOR
Transliteration: u-ma’yan mi-beit YHWH yetse
Doctrine: The Fountain of Blessing from God’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: fonte de vida associada a divindades das águas (leitura sincrética de Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: וּמַעְיָן מִבֵּית יְהוָה יֵצֵא
Category: Restoration
NEW. Distinct Brazilian syncretism risk not documented in the Romans baseline: Candomblé/Umbanda venerate water-associated orixás (Oxum, Iemanjá) with real cultic practice at fountains, rivers, and beaches. Must state explicitly that this fountain’s exclusive source is ‘a casa do SENHOR,’ never allowing ‘fonte’ to stand unqualified in any excerpted or adapted form.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: chamado
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic register)
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across apostleship, sainthood, and effectual-calling senses. Joel relevance: Joel 2:32’s ‘entre os sobreviventes, aqueles a quem o SENHOR chamar’ uses this same calling-concept; God’s sovereign summons preserving the remnant, not a status the survivors achieve for themselves.
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro em sentido ritual
Inherited from Romans package. Set apart for God and morally pure. Joel relevance: underlies ‘sanctify a fast’/‘sanctify the assembly’ (Joel 1:14, 2:15-16) — see sanctify_a_fast_assembly below for the specific collocation.
Pour Out The Spirit
Approved rendering: derramar
Transliteration: eshpokh / ekcheō
Doctrine: The Outpouring of the Holy Spirit
Original: אֶשְׁפּוֹךְ (eshpokh) / ἐκχεῶ (ekcheō)
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW. Standard verb; reinforces that the outpouring is God’s sovereign initiative, not a technique for inducing spiritual phenomena. Risk is carried mainly by the object (holy_spirit, Critical), not the verb itself.
All Flesh
Approved rendering: toda a humanidade
Transliteration: kol basar / pasan sarka
Doctrine: The Outpouring of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: toda carne (leitura literal, risco de sugerir todos os seres vivos genericamente)
Original: כָּל־בָּשָׂר (kol basar) / πᾶσαν σάρκα (pasan sarka)
Category: Holy Spirit
NEW. Prefer ‘toda a humanidade’/‘todo ser humano’ over a wooden ‘toda carne’. Connects to the baseline’s High-risk universal_scope_of_gospel doctrine.
God Relents Of Disaster
Approved rendering: arrepende-se do mal
Transliteration: ve-nicham al ha-ra’ah
Doctrine: God’s Covenant Character (Steadfast Love)
Rejected alternatives: mudança de caráter moral de Deus (leitura teologicamente incorreta)
Original: וְנִחָם עַל־הָרָעָה (ve-nicham al ha-ra’ah)
Category: God
NEW. Anthropopathic language describing God’s relational responsiveness to genuine repentance (Joel 2:13-14), not moral fallibility or admission of error. Render cautiously, preferably as ‘volta atrás quanto ao mal’/‘desiste do mal’ where clarity requires it, with a brief accompanying note.
Sanctify A Fast Assembly
Approved rendering: santificar um jejum / convocar uma assembleia solene
Transliteration: qaddeshu tsom qir’u atsarah
Doctrine: Corporate Lament and Fasting
Original: קַדְּשׁוּ־צוֹם קִרְאוּ עֲצָרָה (qaddeshu tsom qir’u atsarah)
Category: Repentance
NEW. Reuses the baseline’s High-risk santo/santificação root in this specific collocation (Joel 1:14; 2:15-16); no new risk beyond the baseline’s existing holy entry, but flag for consistency.
Locust Terms
Approved rendering: gafanhoto (termo-âncora)
Transliteration: gazam / arbeh / yeleq / chasil
Doctrine: The Locust Plague as Divine Judgment
Rejected alternatives: quatro nomes técnicos entomológicos distintos e obscuros para o leitor leigo
Original: גָּזָם / אַרְבֶּה / יֶלֶק / חָסִיל
Category: Divine Judgment
NEW. Four successive Hebrew terms for locust waves/stages (Joel 1:4). Precise entomological correspondence is secondary to preserving the rhetorical structure of escalating, total devastation; use ‘gafanhoto’ as anchor term with descriptive qualifiers for the successive waves.
Sackcloth
Approved rendering: saco (vestir-se de saco)
Transliteration: saq
Doctrine: Corporate Lament and Fasting
Original: שַׂק (saq)
Category: Repentance
NEW. External ritual sign of grief and humiliation; must not stand alone in teaching without Joel 2:13’s correction that God desires heart-repentance, not ritual alone.
Trumpet Shofar
Approved rendering: trombeta
Transliteration: shophar
Doctrine: The Trumpet Call to Alarm and Assembly
Original: שׁוֹפָר (shophar)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The same instrument frames both the alarm of judgment (Joel 2:1) and the call to sacred assembly (Joel 2:15); flag for cross-reference consistency with later NT eschatological trumpet imagery.
Wonders Signs
Approved rendering: prodígios
Transliteration: mofetim / terata
Doctrine: Cosmic Eschatological Signs
Original: מוֹפְתִים (mofetim) / τέρατα (terata)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Minor risk of being read as generic occult ‘wonders’; context (heavens/earth, blood/fire/smoke) sufficiently anchors the meaning to divine judgment-signs.
Cosmic Darkening
Approved rendering: o sol se converterá em trevas, e a lua em sangue
Transliteration: ha-shemesh yehafekh le-choshekh ve-ha-yareach le-dam
Doctrine: Cosmic Eschatological Signs
Original: הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ יֵהָפֵךְ לְחֹשֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵחַ לְדָם
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Stock apocalyptic imagery quoted directly by Peter (Acts 2:19-20). Do not domesticate into vague ‘hard times’ language, which would blunt the doctrine of a literal, decisive Day.
Valley Of Jehoshaphat
Approved rendering: vale de Josafá
Transliteration: Emeq Yehoshaphat
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Original: עֵמֶק יְהוֹשָׁפָט (Emeq Yehoshaphat)
Category: Divine Judgment
NEW. Name means ‘YHWH judges’; gloss the meaning in teaching material since Portuguese readers cannot perceive it from the transliteration alone.
Valley Of Decision
Approved rendering: vale da Decisão
Transliteration: Emeq he-Charuts
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Original: עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ (Emeq he-Charuts)
Category: Divine Judgment
NEW. Preserve the sense of irrevocable finality; do not soften into mere ‘difficulty’ or ‘crisis.‘
Plowshares Into Swords
Approved rendering: forjai espadas das relhas de vossos arados
Transliteration: kottu ittekhem la-charavot
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Original: כֹּתּוּ אִתֵּיכֶם לַחֲרָבוֹת
Category: Divine Judgment
NEW. Intentional ironic reversal of Isaiah 2:4/Micah 4:3; flag to avoid confusing the two passages.
Nations Objects Of Judgment
Approved rendering: nações
Transliteration: ha-goyim
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Rejected alternatives: gentios (termo positivo de inclusão da aliança usado no pacote Romanos)
Original: הַגּוֹיִם (ha-goyim)
Category: Divine Judgment
NEW. Do NOT render as ‘gentios,’ the Romans baseline’s positive covenant-inclusion term. Joel’s ‘nations’ here are objects of judgment for violence against God’s covenant people, a distinct nuance requiring the neutral ‘nações.‘
Low Risk Terms
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Joel relevance: the covenant people addressed throughout Joel’s judgment and restoration oracles (chs. 1-2) and contrasted with ‘the nations’ as objects of judgment in ch. 3.
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: médium (channeler of spirit messages)
Inherited from Romans package. Joel relevance: Joel is himself a canonical prophet; his book’s own authority participates in this doctrine. Note the elevated, curriculum-specific ‘prophesy’ verb-form entry below (High risk) which governs Joel 2:28’s distinct cluster risk, separate from this base noun entry.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecia
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: psicografia (spirit messages transcribed through mediums)
Inherited from Romans package. Joel relevance: Joel’s oracles are themselves prophecy in this sense, distinct from Kardecist psicografia (mediumistic transcription), which is a live, named rival claim to revealed authority in Brazil.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: gentios
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: pagãos (pejorative)
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL JOEL-SPECIFIC FENCING NOTE: this positive, covenant-inclusion rendering must NEVER be used for Joel 3’s ‘ha-goyim’ (the nations gathered for judgment in the Valley of Jehoshaphat). Joel’s ‘nations’ there are objects of judgment for violence against God’s covenant people, a distinct nuance requiring the neutral ‘nações’ — see nations_objects_of_judgment below. Using ‘gentios’ in Joel 3 would wrongly import the Romans package’s positive salvific inclusion doctrine into a judgment oracle and risks cross-curriculum doctrinal bleed for any learner encountering both curricula.
Fasting
Approved rendering: jejum
Transliteration: tsom
Doctrine: Corporate Lament and Fasting
Original: צוֹם (tsom)
Category: Repentance
NEW. Standard term, minimal risk.
Lament
Approved rendering: lamentar-se / uivar
Transliteration: yelel / heylilu
Doctrine: Corporate Lament and Fasting
Original: יְלֵל / הֵילִילוּ (yelel / heylilu)
Category: Repentance
NEW. Standard vocabulary, minimal risk.
Priests Ministers Of The Lord
Approved rendering: sacerdotes, ministros do SENHOR
Transliteration: kohanim mesharetei YHWH
Doctrine: Worship Disrupted and Restored
Original: כֹּהֲנִים מְשָׁרְתֵי יְהוָה
Category: Worship
NEW. Use small-caps SENHOR per the divine-name convention throughout.
Grain And Drink Offering
Approved rendering: oferta de manjares/cereais e libação
Transliteration: minchah va-nesekh
Doctrine: Worship Disrupted and Restored
Original: מִנְחָה וָנֶסֶךְ (minchah va-nesekh)
Category: Worship
NEW. Standard OT cultic vocabulary; requires brief explanatory context for readers unfamiliar with the Levitical sacrificial system.
Elders
Approved rendering: anciãos
Transliteration: zeqenim
Doctrine: Corporate Lament and Fasting
Original: זְקֵנִים (zeqenim)
Category: Worship
NEW. Standard term.
Shaddai Almighty
Approved rendering: Todo-Poderoso
Transliteration: Shaddai
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: שַׁדַּי (Shaddai)
Category: God
NEW. Standard rendering. The Hebrew wordplay with ‘shod’ (destruction) in Joel 1:15 is untranslatable in Portuguese and should be noted for teachers/preachers even though it cannot be reproduced.
The Lord Roars From Zion
Approved rendering: o SENHOR bramará desde Sião
Transliteration: YHWH mi-Tsiyon yish’ag
Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty over Nature
Original: יְהוָה מִצִּיּוֹן יִשְׁאָג
Category: God
NEW. Theophanic, divine-warrior imagery; standard rendering using small-caps SENHOR.
Refuge Stronghold
Approved rendering: refúgio / fortaleza
Transliteration: machaseh / ma’oz
Doctrine: Restoration and Blessing after Repentance
Original: מַחֲסֶה…וּמָעוֹז
Category: Restoration
NEW. Standard protective imagery.
The Lord Dwells In Zion
Approved rendering: e o SENHOR habita em Sião
Transliteration: va-YHWH shokhen be-Tsiyon
Doctrine: Restoration and Blessing after Repentance
Original: וַיהוָה שֹׁכֵן בְּצִיּוֹן
Category: Restoration
NEW. Closing covenant-presence formula affirming God’s abiding presence with his restored people; consistent with the SENHOR convention used throughout.
Zion Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Sião / Jerusalém
Transliteration: Tsiyon / Yerushalayim
Doctrine: Restoration and Blessing after Repentance
Original: צִיּוֹן / יְרוּשָׁלִַם
Category: Covenant
NEW. Standard transliterated proper names; geographic center of God’s covenant presence.
Egypt Edom
Approved rendering: Egito / Edom
Transliteration: Mitsrayim / Edom
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Original: מִצְרַיִם / אֱדוֹם
Category: Divine Judgment
NEW. Standard transliterated proper names, historic enemies of Israel judged for violence against God’s covenant people.
Referenced passages