Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Exodus
This glossary records every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Exodus chapters 1–40. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [REUSED] and their Portuguese rendering is copied exactly, without modification. Terms new to this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed for addition to the Language Package’s registries with a risk tier assigned using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework documented in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Risk tiers drive Phase 2 review routing exactly as in the baseline: Critical/High → human theologian review; Medium → native speaker review; Low → automated review.
1. The Character and Name of God
| Term | Hebrew / LXX (translit.) | Portuguese | Status | Risk | Chapters | Collision / Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | אֱלֹהִים / θεός (Elohim/theos) | Deus | [REUSED] | Critical | all | As baseline; Candomblé/Umbanda orixá syncretism note applies throughout Exodus’s polemic against “the gods of Egypt.” |
| LORD (divine name YHWH) | יהוה / Κύριος (YHWH/Kyrios) | SENHOR (maiúsculas) | [NEW] | Critical | 3, 6, 12, 14, 20, 24, 34, 40 (pervasive) | Must never be rendered “Jeová” (strong Jehovah’s Witness association in Brazil) or lowercase “senhor” (would merge with Adonai/Kyrios, already Critical in baseline). Extends baseline “lord” entry with a caps-distinction convention specific to the Old Testament tetragrammaton. |
| I AM WHO I AM | אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה / Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν | Eu sou o que sou | [NEW] | Critical | 3 | Self-existent, self-revealing, personal God; must not be flattened into abstract philosophical “being” or conflated with Kardecist/New Age impersonal “consciência universal.” |
| Angel of the LORD | מַלְאַךְ יהוה / ἄγγελος Κυρίου | Anjo do SENHOR | [NEW] | High | 3, 23 | Unique divine self-manifestation, not a created intermediary to be venerated; risk of conflation with Catholic angel devotion or Umbanda spirit guides (“guias”). |
| El Shaddai (God Almighty) | אֵל שַׁדַּי / Θεὸς παντοκράτωρ | Deus Todo-Poderoso | [NEW] | Medium | 6 | Standard, low-collision compound name. |
| merciful and gracious | רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן / οἰκτίρμων καὶ ἐλεήμων | misericordioso e compassivo | [NEW] | High | 34 | Foundational self-revelation of God’s character; teach alongside chesed, not as mere sentiment. |
| steadfast love / covenant loyalty (chesed) | חֶסֶד / ἔλεος | misericórdia / amor leal | [NEW] | High | 34 | No single Portuguese equivalent; richer than “graça,” distinct from abstract, non-covenantal “amor universal” found in Spiritist/New Age teaching. |
| jealous God | אֵל קַנָּא / θεὸς ζηλωτής | Deus zeloso | [NEW] | Medium | 20, 34 | Exclusive covenant loyalty, not petty human jealousy. |
| holy ground | אַדְמַת־קֹדֶשׁ / γῆ ἁγία | terra santa | [NEW, reusing santo] | High | 3 | First spatial application of holiness; anticipates Tabernacle doctrine. |
| knowing the LORD (covenantal) | יָדַע / γινώσκω | conhecer | [NEW] | High | 9 (refrain) | Relational, experiential covenant knowledge, not esoteric/gnostic “conhecimento” attainment. |
2. The Exodus as Redemption
| Term | Hebrew / LXX (translit.) | Portuguese | Status | Risk | Chapters | Collision / Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| redeem / redemption | גָּאַל / λυτρόω | redimir / redenção | [NEW] | Critical | 6, 15 | Must be distinguished from Kardecist “resgate cármico” — karmic debt paid off gradually by the spirit’s own effort across reincarnations; Exodus redemption is God’s unilateral, gracious act. |
| ransom (atonement money) | כֹּפֶר / λύτρον | resgate | [NEW] | Critical | 30, 38 | Same collision as “redeem” above; “resgate” is itself a live Kardecist technical term in Brazilian usage — heightened caution required. |
| Let my people go | שַׁלַּח אֶת־עַמִּי / ἀπόστειλον τὸν λαόν μου | ”Deixa o meu povo ir.” | [NEW] | High | 5 (programmatic) | Must retain full force as divine demand; do not soften to polite request. |
| cried out / groaning | צָעֲקוּ / βοάω | gemido / clamor | [NEW] | Medium | 2 | Establishes cry-then-deliverance pattern foundational to the doctrine. |
| outstretched arm | בִּזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה | com braço estendido | [NEW] | Low | 6 | Standard idiom for divine power in redemptive action. |
| salvation / deliverance | יְשׁוּעָה / σωτηρία | salvação | [REUSED] | Critical | 14 | Reuses baseline “salvation” exactly; teach both historical/national and soteriological senses together, not collapsed into one. |
| believed | הֶאֱמִינוּ / ἐπίστευσαν | creram | [REUSED, from fé family] | High | 14 | First narrative faith-response instance; forward link to Romans 4/Abraham. |
3. Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
| Term | Hebrew / LXX (translit.) | Portuguese | Status | Risk | Chapters | Collision / Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passover | פֶּסַח / πάσχα (pesach/pascha) | Páscoa (do SENHOR) | [NEW] | Critical | 12 (core) | “Páscoa” also denotes Christian Easter and is heavily commercialized in Brazil; always anchor with clarifying apposition (“a Páscoa judaica,” “Pessach”) in this curriculum. |
| lamb | שֵׂה / πρόβατον | cordeiro | [NEW] | Critical | 12 | Direct OT root of “Cordeiro de Deus” (John 1:29); must be taught with forward Christological typology. |
| without blemish | תָּמִים / ἄμωμος | sem defeito / sem mancha | [NEW] | Critical | 12 | Root of 1 Peter 1:19 typology; must preserve moral-typological weight, not flatten to “saudável.” |
| blood | דָּם / αἷμα | sangue | [NEW] | Critical | 12, 24 | Distinguish sharply from Candomblé/Umbanda ritual animal-blood offerings to orixás; biblical blood is God’s own once-given provision, not repeated appeasement. |
| blood of the covenant | דַּם־הַבְּרִית / τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης | sangue da aliança | [NEW, combining Critical sangue + High aliança] | Critical | 24 | Direct forward link to the Lord’s Supper (Matt 26:28); teach as historical anchor Christ fulfills. |
| sign | אוֹת / σημεῖον | sinal | [NEW] | Medium | 4, 12, 13 | Divinely appointed marker, not an amuletic/magical charm (“patuá”) as in Brazilian folk religiosity. |
| pass over / spare | פָּסַח / παρέρχομαι | passar por cima / poupar | [NEW] | Critical | 12 | God’s own sovereign, judicial sparing — not luck or mere avoidance. |
| altar | מִזְבֵּחַ / θυσιαστήριον | altar | [NEW] | High | 27, 37 | Distinguish from Candomblé/Umbanda ritual altars (“pejis,” “congás”) for orixás. |
| burnt offering / holocaust | עֹלָה / ὁλοκαύτωμα | oferta queimada / oferta de holocausto | [NEW] | High | 27 | Modern “Holocausto” (capitalized) refers to the Nazi genocide; ensure context always disambiguates; prefer “oferta queimada” in low-context material. |
| sin offering | חַטָּאת / περὶ ἁμαρτίας | oferta pelo pecado | [NEW, reusing pecado] | High | 29 | First developed sacrificial mechanism for sin, underlying the whole Passover/atonement doctrine. |
| atone / atonement | כִּפֶּר / ἐξιλάσκομαι | expiação / expiar | [NEW] | Critical | 30 | First explicit naming of the atonement mechanism; must convey substitutionary price paid by God’s provision, not self-achieved merit. |
| mercy seat / atonement cover | כַּפֹּרֶת / ἱλαστήριον | propiciatório | [NEW] | Critical | 25 | Direct link to Romans 3:25’s ἱλαστήριον, already flagged for mandatory theologian review in the baseline AI requirements; every occurrence here inherits that same escalation. |
| unleavened bread | מַצּוֹת / ἄζυμα | pão sem fermento / pão ázimo | [NEW] | Medium | 12 | Symbolizes haste and purity; forward NT metaphorical use (1 Cor 5:6-8). |
| leaven | חָמֵץ / ζύμη | fermento | [NEW] | Medium | 12 | Distinct from matzot; carries later NT metaphor of corrupting sin/false teaching. |
| bitter herbs | מְרֹרִים / πικρίδες | ervas amargas | [NEW] | Low | 12 | Remembered bitterness of bondage held within the deliverance meal. |
| firstborn | בְּכוֹר / πρωτότοκος | primogênito | [NEW] | High | 4, 11, 12, 13 | Anchors substitution doctrine; forward link to Christ as “primogênito de toda a criação” (Col 1:15). |
| memorial | זִכָּרוֹן / μνημόσυνον | memorial | [NEW] | High | 12 | Active covenantal remembrance; direct pattern for the Lord’s Supper. |
| feast / festival | חַג / ἑορτή | festa | [NEW] | Low | 12, 23 | Standard term; reused throughout festival calendar material. |
4. The Mosaic Covenant and Law
| Term | Hebrew / LXX (translit.) | Portuguese | Status | Risk | Chapters | Collision / Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| covenant | בְּרִית / διαθήκη | aliança | [REUSED] | High | 2, 6, 19, 24, 34 | Reused exactly from baseline; relational covenant bond, not mere legal contract. |
| law / statutes | תּוֹרָה, חֻקִּים / νόμος | lei | [REUSED] | High | 18, 20 onward | Reused exactly; here specifically the giving of the Law at Sinai as covenant stipulation, not merely fulfilled prophecy as in Romans. |
| commandment | מִצְוָה / ἐντολή | mandamento | [NEW] | Medium | 20 | High existing Brazilian catechetical literacy (“Dez Mandamentos”); low miscommunication risk. |
| carved image / idol | פֶּסֶל / εἴδωλον | imagem de escultura / ídolo | [NEW] | Critical | 20, 32 | Acute Brazilian risk: Catholic veneration of santos’ images and Candomblé/Umbanda orixá imagery; requires precise, pastorally sensitive handling. |
| covet | חָמַד / ἐπιθυμέω | cobiçar | [NEW] | Low | 20 | Standard term. |
| treasured possession | סְגֻלָּה / περιούσιος | propriedade peculiar / povo particular de Deus | [NEW] | Medium | 19 | Unique valued relationship, not mere possession. |
| kingdom of priests | מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | reino de sacerdotes | [NEW] | Medium | 19 | Distinct from baseline’s “reino de Deus” — do not collapse the two phrases. |
| holy nation | גּוֹי קָדוֹשׁ / ἔθνος ἅγιον | nação santa | [NEW, reusing santo] | High | 19 | Extends “santos” collision to corporate/national identity; sensitive given Brazil’s own national/racial identity narratives. |
| judge | שָׁפַט / κρίνω | juiz / julgar | [NEW] | Low | 18 | Delegated structured authority under Moses. |
| servant / slave (Mosaic case law) | עֶבֶד / δοῦλος | servo / escravo | [NEW] | High | 21 | Must be distinguished, in teaching notes, from both the sin-bondage metaphor and Brazil’s own history of chattel slavery. |
| eye for eye | עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן | ”olho por olho” | [NEW] | Low | 21 | Limiting principle of proportional justice, not license for vengeance. |
| widow and orphan | אַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם / χήρα καὶ ὀρφανός | viúva e órfão | [NEW] | Low | 22 | Justice/mercy theme; no glossary lock needed. |
| book of the covenant | סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית | livro da aliança | [NEW] | Medium | 24 | Standard covenant-documentation vocabulary. |
| statute forever | חֻקַּת עוֹלָם / νόμιμον αἰώνιον | estatuto perpétuo | [NEW] | Medium | 12 | Avoid a purely bureaucratic/legalistic tone that obscures the gracious redemptive basis of the command. |
5. The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
| Term | Hebrew / LXX (translit.) | Portuguese | Status | Risk | Chapters | Collision / Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tabernacle | מִשְׁכָּן / σκηνή | tabernáculo | [NEW] | Critical | 25–40 | Unique, God-initiated dwelling; distinct from any channelable or humanly-induced spiritual presence in Kardecist/Afro-Brazilian frameworks. |
| ark of the covenant | אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית / κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης | arca da aliança | [NEW] | High | 25, 37 | Standard, established sanctuary-furniture term. |
| veil / curtain | פָּרֹכֶת / καταπέτασμα | véu | [NEW] | High | 26 | Forward link to the torn veil at Christ’s death. |
| Holy of Holies | קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים / ἅγια ἁγίων | Lugar Santíssimo | [NEW] | High | 26 | Access-to-God’s-presence theme. |
| pillar of cloud / pillar of fire | עַמּוּד עָנָן / עַמּוּד אֵשׁ | coluna de nuvem / coluna de fogo | [NEW] | Medium | 13 | First visible token of guiding divine presence. |
| glory of the LORD | כָּבוֹד יהוה / δόξα Κυρίου | glória do SENHOR | [REUSED term “glória,” elevated tier] | Critical (Exodus) / Medium (Romans baseline) | 24, 40 | Climactic manifest presence; must render Exodus 40:34-35 identically wherever quoted, per Theological Consistency Rules. |
| face / presence | פָּנִים / πρόσωπον | presença / face | [NEW] | High | 33 | Covenantal intimacy tempered by holiness, not casual familiarity. |
| filled with the Spirit of God | מָלֵא רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים | cheio do Espírito de Deus | [NEW, reusing Espírito Santo register] | High | 31 | Spirit-given craftsmanship; distinguish from mediunidade/incorporação as in baseline “spiritual_gifts” caution. |
6. Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
| Term | Hebrew / LXX (translit.) | Portuguese | Status | Risk | Chapters | Collision / Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bondage / slavery | עֲבֹדָה / δουλεία | escravidão / servidão | [NEW] | High | 1, 5 | Literal historical backdrop plus metaphorical “bondage to sin”; acute weight given Brazil’s own history as the Americas’ largest slaveholding society. |
| serve (dual sense: enslave / worship) | עָבַד / λατρεύω | servir | [NEW] | Medium | 5 | Track which sense (coerced labor vs. free worship) is active per occurrence. |
| harden the heart | הִכְבִּיד אֶת־לֵב / ἐβάρυνεν τὴν καρδίαν | endurecer o coração | [NEW] | High | 7–14 | Distinguish causative (God hardening) from reflexive (Pharaoh hardening himself) forms; relevant to divine sovereignty/human responsibility teaching. |
| sin | חַטָּאָה / ἁμαρτία | pecado | [REUSED] | Medium (baseline) / High (Exodus sacrificial context) | 29, 30 | Reused exactly; elevated attention here due to direct sacrificial-system development. |
| darkness | חֹשֶׁךְ / σκότος | trevas | [NEW] | Low (literal, ch.10) | 10 | Flag for teaching note if later used metaphorically elsewhere in the curriculum. |
| stiff-necked / stubborn people | עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף / λαὸς σκληροτράχηλος | povo obstinado / povo de dura cerviz | [NEW] | Medium | 32 | Characterizes covenant-breaking resistance despite deliverance already received. |
7. Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
| Term | Hebrew / LXX (translit.) | Portuguese | Status | Risk | Chapters | Collision / Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mediator | (role implied; cf. Job 9:33) | mediador | [NEW] | Critical | 32, 33 | Lexically and conceptually close to “médium” (Kardecist spirit medium) for a Brazilian audience — among the highest-priority new risks in this Language Package, comparable to the baseline’s incarnation/encarnação collision. |
| intercede / intercession | פָּגַע (paga) | intercessão / interceder | [REUSED, elevated tier] | Critical (Exodus) / High (Romans baseline) | 32 | Paradigmatic OT instance of the doctrine; must be sharply distinguished from Kardecist mediumistic communication with the dead, per baseline caution, with added weight given the mediador/médium lexical proximity. |
| firstborn son (Israel) | בְּנִי בְכֹרִי | Israel, meu filho, meu primogênito | [NEW] | High | 4 | Corporate application of firstborn status; distinct from the household-level Passover application in ch.12. |
| let my people go | see §2 | — | — | — | 5 | Cross-referenced above under Redemption. |
| deliverer (Moses’ role) | (narrative role, not a single lexeme) | libertador | [NEW] | Medium | 2–14 (narrative arc) | Distinguish God’s redemptive deliverance from purely socio-political liberation, a live discourse in Brazilian Liberation Theology contexts. |
| sign (given to Moses) | see §3 | sinal | [NEW] | Medium | 4 | Cross-referenced above; establishes sign-vocabulary continued through the plagues. |
| judge (delegated authority) | see §4 | juiz / julgar | [NEW] | Low | 18 | Cross-referenced above. |
8. Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
| Term | Hebrew / LXX (translit.) | Portuguese | Status | Risk | Chapters | Collision / Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| holy | קָדוֹשׁ / ἅγιος | santo | [REUSED] | Medium (baseline) / High (Exodus, corporate/national contexts) | 3, 19 | Reused exactly; elevated in Exodus when applied to nations, places, and objects (see “holy nation,” “holy ground,” “Holy of Holies”). |
| consecrate / sanctify | קָדַשׁ / ἁγιάζω | consagrar | [NEW, reusing santo/santificação family] | Critical | 13, 29 | First applied to persons/objects (firstborn, priests); risk of Catholic sacramental-transformation misreading (consagração as producing a venerable, quasi-magical object/person). |
| fear of God/the LORD | יָרֵא אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים / φοβέομαι τὸν θεόν | temor de Deus / temor do SENHOR | [NEW] | High | 1, 20 (implied), Sinai theophany | Reverential awe and covenant loyalty, not servile terror nor generic superstitious fear of spirits common in Afro-Brazilian/Spiritist folk belief. |
| circumcision | מוּלֹת / περιτέμνω | circuncisão | [NEW] | Medium | 4 | Covenant-sign vocabulary parallel to, but distinct from, the Passover blood-sign. |
| anoint | מָשַׁח / χρίω | ungir | [NEW] | High | 28 | Etymological root of “Messias” (baseline Critical term); distinguish God’s consecrating act from a generically transferable “unção” achievable through objects/technique. |
| priest / high priest | כֹּהֵן / כֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל | sacerdote / sumo sacerdote | [NEW] | Medium / High | 28 | Mediatorial office anticipating Christ as great High Priest (Hebrews); parallels Moses’ mediatorial role. |
| Sabbath | שַׁבָּת / σάββατον | sábado | [NEW] | High | 16, 20, 23, 31, 35 | Covenant sign of rest; pastoral awareness needed regarding Brazil’s Seventh-day Adventist population without adjudicating denominational debate. |
Summary Risk Counts (New Exodus-Specific Terms Only)
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 15 | Human theologian |
| High | 24 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 17 | Native speaker |
| Low | 12 | Automated |
Reused baseline terms (Deus, Senhor [lowercase/Adonai sense], aliança, lei, pecado, salvação, fé/crer, santo, santificação, glória, Espírito Santo, intercessão) retain the exact risk tiers and rationale recorded in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json, with Exodus-specific contextual notes added above where the Exodus setting meaningfully elevates or narrows that risk.
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 processing of any Exodus segment begins, per the version-increment procedure documented in the baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Deus
Transliteration: Elohim / YHWH / theos
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Exodus’s polemic against ‘the gods of Egypt’ (12:12) sharpens the baseline’s Candomblé/Umbanda orixá-syncretism caution: God’s exclusive supremacy over rival spiritual powers must be preserved.
Lord
Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: kyrios / Adonai
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / The Character and Name of God
Rejected alternatives: Senhor apenas em sentido devocional, sem reivindicação de senhorio total
Inherited from Romans package. In Exodus this lowercase/title-case ‘Senhor’ (Adonai/Kyrios sense) MUST be kept typographically distinct from the new small-caps ‘SENHOR’ convention reserved for the tetragrammaton YHWH (see lord_yhwh below). Never collapse the two.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espírito Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification / Spirit-Empowered Service
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Inherited from Romans package. Reused in Exodus 31/35 register as ‘Espírito de Deus’ for Bezalel’s Spirit-given craftsmanship (see filled_with_spirit_of_god below); the underlying Person and doctrine are identical and the baseline’s mediumship/orixá caution applies with equal force.
Father
Approved rendering: Pai
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant as background contrast to Exodus 4:22’s corporate ‘Israel, meu filho, meu primogênito’ — God’s fatherly claim on the nation anticipates but must not be conflated with the New Testament’s individual adoptive sonship.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvação
Transliteration: yeshu’ah / sōtēria
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas
Original: יְשׁוּעָה
Category: Redemption
Inherited from Romans package. In Exodus 14 this is historical, this-worldly deliverance from Egypt’s army, the pattern and type for the fuller soteriological salvation Romans develops; teach both senses together, never collapsed into only one, and never reframed as Kardecist ‘evolução espiritual.‘
Saints
Approved rendering: santos
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: santos venerados e invocados como intercessores
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-document consistency of the ‘santo’ word family; Exodus’s corporate ‘nação santa’ (19:6) parallels and reinforces the baseline’s caution that holiness in Scripture is a corporate call, not a canonized elite.
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercessão
Transliteration: paga / hyperentynchanei
Doctrine: Moses’ Intercession for Israel
Rejected alternatives: comunicação com espíritos de mortos por meio de médiuns, intercessão exclusiva dos santos e de Maria
Original: פָּגַע
Category: Mediation
Inherited from Romans package (High there), elevated to Critical in Exodus as Moses’ paradigmatic Old Testament intercession (32:11-14, 30-32) directly underlies the whole ‘Moses as Mediator’ doctrine, compounded by the mediador/médium lexical proximity unique to Brazilian Portuguese.
Glory
Approved rendering: glória
Transliteration: kevod YHWH / doxa
Doctrine: The Glory of the LORD Filling the Tabernacle
Inherited from Romans package (Medium there), elevated to Critical in Exodus as the climactic manifest presence of God filling the completed tabernacle (40:34-35), the doctrinal high point of the whole book. Exodus 40:34-35 must render identically wherever quoted, per the Theological Consistency Rules.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: The Priesthood as Mediatorial Office
Rejected alternatives: um espírito superior ou mais evoluído (leitura espírita de Jesus como ‘o mais evoluído dos espíritos’)
Inherited from Romans package. Etymologically anchored in Exodus 28/29’s ‘ungir’ (mashach, to anoint); every anointing passage should note this forward link while resisting a generically transferable ‘unção’ framing.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Iēsous / Yeshua
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced throughout the Exodus curriculum’s forward-typology teaching notes (Passover lamb, mercy seat, blood of the covenant, high priest, mediator) as the fulfillment figure; standard across all Portuguese Bible traditions.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Filho de Deus
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Israel as God’s Firstborn Son
Rejected alternatives: filho de Deus no sentido genérico aplicado a todo crente
Inherited from Romans package. Must never be conflated with Exodus 4:22’s corporate ‘Israel, meu filho, meu primogênito’ (national/covenantal sonship) or with the individual believer’s adoptive sonship; Christ’s unique, eternal Sonship remains categorically distinct from both.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ressurreição
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: reencarnação
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER reencarnação. Referenced in forward teaching notes linking the Passover lamb and mercy seat typology to Christ’s finished, once-for-all resurrection work.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: encarnação
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Rejected alternatives: encarnação como uma entre muitas vidas sucessivas de um espírito (sentido espírita)
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly textual in Exodus but retained for cross-document consistency, since Exodus’s Angel-of-the-LORD theophanies (ch. 3, 23) are sometimes drawn forward in teaching as anticipations of the Son’s later unique incarnation; every occurrence must retain the baseline’s Kardecist-collision caution.
Lord Yhwh
Approved rendering: SENHOR
Transliteration: YHWH
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Rejected alternatives: Jeová (associação específica com as Testemunhas de Jeová no Brasil), senhor minúsculo (colapsaria com Adonai/Kyrios)
Original: יהוה
Category: God
NEW. Render as small-caps ‘SENHOR’ per the Almeida tradition, exclusively for the tetragrammaton YHWH. Never ‘Jeová’ — a term strongly and specifically associated with Jehovah’s Witnesses in Brazil, which would inadvertently import their non-Trinitarian theology. Never lowercase ‘senhor,’ which would merge YHWH with the separate Critical ‘lord’ (Adonai/Kyrios) entry above.
I Am Who I Am
Approved rendering: Eu sou o que sou
Transliteration: Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh
Doctrine: Divine Self-Revelation at the Burning Bush
Rejected alternatives: afirmação filosófica abstrata sobre o ser em si, consciência universal ou energia universal (leitura kardecista/nova era)
Original: אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה
Category: God
NEW. God’s self-revealed name at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14), conveying self-existence, self-determination, and covenant faithfulness. Must never be flattened into abstract philosophical ‘being itself’ or Kardecist/New Age ‘consciência universal.’ Require a first-occurrence teaching gloss: ‘o Deus que é, que era e que há de ser — auto-existente e fiel à sua aliança.‘
Redeem Redemption
Approved rendering: redimir / redenção
Transliteration: ga’al
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Rejected alternatives: resgate cármico pago gradualmente ao longo de reencarnações sucessivas
Original: גָּאַל
Category: Redemption
NEW. God’s decisive, unilateral, power-based act of buying back and delivering his people (Exodus 6:6). Must be sharply distinguished from Kardecist ‘resgate cármico’ — the doctrine of a spirit gradually paying off karmic debt through its own moral effort across successive reincarnations.
Ransom Atonement Money
Approved rendering: resgate
Transliteration: kofer
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: dívida cármica paga pelo próprio esforço do espírito ao longo de reencarnações
Original: כֹּפֶר
Category: Redemption
NEW. A ransom price paid on behalf of another (Exodus 30:10-16; 38:25-26). ‘Resgate’ is itself the standard Brazilian Kardecist technical term for karmic debt-payment across incarnations — this is the single highest-caution lexical item in the whole redemption/atonement doctrine set. Must never appear without a distancing clause: ‘um resgate pago de uma só vez, não uma dívida cármica paga aos poucos.‘
Passover
Approved rendering: Páscoa (do SENHOR)
Transliteration: pesach / pascha
Doctrine: The Passover Institution
Rejected alternatives: Páscoa como apenas a festa cristã da ressurreição, Páscoa como temporada comercial secular (ovos de chocolate, coelhinho)
Original: פֶּסַח
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. ‘Páscoa’ denotes both the Jewish Passover and the Christian Easter/resurrection feast, and is heavily commercialized in Brazil. Every occurrence in this curriculum must carry clarifying apposition (‘a Páscoa, a festa judaica da libertação do Egito’) to prevent readers importing Easter/commercial associations, while preserving the forward typological bridge to Christ at the proper point in the curriculum.
Lamb
Approved rendering: cordeiro
Transliteration: seh / probaton
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: שֵׂה
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. The sacrificial lamb selected by each household (Exodus 12:3-5). Direct Old Testament root of ‘o Cordeiro de Deus’ (John 1:29; 1 Corinthians 5:7); must be taught with forward-pointing typology toward Christ, not treated as an isolated ancient ritual detail.
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: sem defeito / sem mancha
Transliteration: tamim / amōmos
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: bom (genérico), saudável (sentido meramente físico)
Original: תָּמִים
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. Physical soundness required of the sacrificial substitute (Exodus 12:5), extending by typology to moral/spiritual blamelessness. Root of 1 Peter 1:19’s ‘a lamb without blemish or spot,’ applied to Christ; must preserve the moral-typological weight.
Blood
Approved rendering: sangue
Transliteration: dam / haima
Doctrine: Blood as the Atoning Sign
Rejected alternatives: oferendas rituais repetidas a múltiplos espíritos
Original: דָּם
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. The sacrificial blood applied to the doorposts (Exodus 12:7, 13). Distinctive Brazilian collision: Afro-Brazilian Candomblé and Umbanda practice ritual animal-blood offerings (‘oferendas’) to orixás, a mainstream practice, not a fringe one. The Passover blood must be taught as God’s own once-given provision applied by faith, sharply distinct from repeated ritual appeasement to multiple spirits.
Blood Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: sangue da aliança
Transliteration: dam ha-berit
Doctrine: Covenant Ratified with Blood
Original: דַּם־הַבְּרִית
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. The sacrificial blood by which the Sinai covenant was ratified (Exodus 24:8), combining Critical ‘sangue’ with High ‘aliança.’ Direct forward link to Christ’s words at the Last Supper (Matthew 26:28); one of the most theologically load-bearing single phrases in the whole curriculum.
Pass Over Spare
Approved rendering: passar por cima / poupar
Transliteration: pasach / parerchomai
Doctrine: Blood as the Atoning Sign
Rejected alternatives: sorte ou mera evitação do mal
Original: פָּסַח
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. God’s own sovereign, judicial act of sparing the households marked by the blood (Exodus 12:13, 23). Must convey God’s sovereign, judicial sparing in satisfaction of his righteous judgment, never mere luck.
Atone Atonement
Approved rendering: expiação / expiar
Transliteration: kaphar / exilaskomai
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado pelo próprio esforço
Original: כִּפֶּר
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. The mechanism by which sin is covered and God’s judgment satisfied through a substitute (Exodus 30:10, 15-16). First full, explicit naming of the atonement mechanism itself. Must convey a substitute price paid on the sinner’s behalf by God’s own provision, received rather than self-achieved — the same distinction the baseline draws for salvation, grace, and justification.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: propiciatório
Transliteration: kapporet / hilastērion
Doctrine: The Ark and the Mercy Seat
Original: כַּפֹּרֶת
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. The golden cover of the ark where God’s presence met the substitutionary blood of atonement (Exodus 25:17-22). Direct Old Testament referent behind Paul’s ἱλαστήριον in Romans 3:25, already flagged in the baseline AI requirements for mandatory theologian review of atonement/propitiation language. Every Exodus occurrence inherits that same escalation.
Carved Image Idol
Approved rendering: imagem de escultura / ídolo
Transliteration: pesel / eidōlon
Doctrine: The Prohibition of Carved Images
Original: פֶּסֶל
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. A carved image made for worship as or of a deity, forbidden by the Second Commandment (Exodus 20:4) and violated at the golden calf (Exodus 32). Acute Brazilian-specific risk: popular Catholic veneration of saints’ and Marian images, and Candomblé/Umbanda physical representations of orixás. The prohibition targets image-making for worship as or of a deity, not devotional or artistic representation as such; requires precise, pastorally sensitive handling and mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: tabernáculo
Transliteration: mishkan / skēnē
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: מִשְׁכָּן
Category: Tabernacle/Presence
NEW. The portable sanctuary where God dwelt visibly among his covenant people (Exodus 25-40). Must be taught as a unique, God-initiated dwelling, distinct from any channelable or humanly-induced spiritual presence in Kardecist mediumship or Candomblé/Umbanda ritual frameworks. Also note: distinct from the specifically Catholic Eucharistic ‘tabernáculo’ (the vessel housing the reserved Blessed Sacrament); disambiguate where both usages might appear in the same context.
Glory Of The Lord
Approved rendering: glória do SENHOR
Transliteration: kevod YHWH / doxa Kyriou
Doctrine: The Glory of the LORD Filling the Tabernacle
Original: כָּבוֹד יהוה
Category: Tabernacle/Presence
NEW compound built on the reused baseline term ‘glória.’ God’s radiant, visible presence and honor, manifest at Sinai (24:16-17) and climactically filling the completed tabernacle (40:34-35). Exodus 40:34-35 must render identically wherever quoted across curriculum documents.
Mediator
Approved rendering: mediador
Transliteration: — (role implied; cf. Job 9:33)
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Rejected alternatives: médium (canalizador de espíritos, sentido espírita)
Original: (role implied; cf. Job 9:33)
Category: Mediation
NEW — HIGHEST-PRIORITY new risk this Language Package introduces. Lexically and conceptually close to ‘médium,’ the standard Brazilian Portuguese term for a Kardecist spirit medium who channels communication from the dead, a mainstream, organized practice. Every occurrence describing Moses’ mediatorial role (Exodus 32-33) MUST carry an explicit distancing clause: ‘mediador aqui significa alguém que representa o povo diante de Deus e leva a palavra de Deus ao povo — não um médium que canaliza espíritos de mortos.’ Mandatory theologian-review trigger, on par with the baseline’s incarnation/encarnação collision.
Consecrate Sanctify
Approved rendering: consagrar
Transliteration: qadash / hagiazō
Doctrine: Consecration of Persons and Objects to God
Rejected alternatives: consagração como transformação sacramental que produz um objeto/pessoa venerável
Original: קָדַשׁ
Category: Holiness
NEW. God’s act of setting apart persons (the firstborn, the priests) and objects for his own purpose and ownership (Exodus 13:2, 29:1-37). Extends the Romans baseline ‘saints’ collision: popular Luso-Brazilian Catholic piety readily understands ‘consagração’ as a priestly/sacramental act producing a venerable, almost magically transformed object or person. Exodus’s consecration is God’s own claim of ownership over what already belongs to him by right of redemption, not a ritual transformation to be venerated in return.
High Risk Terms
Covenant
Approved rendering: aliança
Transliteration: berit / diathēkē
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant/Law
Inherited from Romans package. In Exodus this is the Sinai covenant itself (chs. 19, 24, 34), the historical anchor the Romans baseline entry already presupposes; conveys a relational bond, not a mere legal contract.
Law
Approved rendering: lei
Transliteration: torah / chuqqim / nomos
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Inherited from Romans package. In Exodus specifically the giving of the Law at Sinai as covenant stipulation for an already-redeemed people (Exodus 20:2 precedes the commandments), not merely fulfilled prophecy as in Romans. Never render through a Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito’ (karmic law) frame.
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: chatta’ah / hamartia
Doctrine: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Rejected alternatives: erro a ser corrigido em vidas futuras (leitura espírita)
Original: חַטָּאָה
Category: Bondage/Sin
Inherited from Romans package (Medium there), elevated to High in Exodus given the direct development of the sacrificial system (chs. 29-30) as the concrete mechanism dealing with sin. Never a correctable ‘erro’ worked off across future incarnations.
Faith
Approved rendering: fé
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Worship in Response to Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: convicção espírita
Inherited from Romans package. Reused for Exodus 14:31 ‘creram’ (they believed) — the first narrative faith-response instance in the whole Bible, a direct forward link to Romans 4’s use of Abraham.
Grace
Approved rendering: graça
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: God’s Character: Mercy, Grace, and Jealous Holiness
Rejected alternatives: mérito espiritual acumulado ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced in teaching notes contrasting God’s unmerited favor with the richer, more explicitly covenantal Exodus 34 term chesed (see chesed_steadfast_love below); do not collapse the two into a single gloss.
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: qadosh / hagios
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: puro em sentido ritual
Original: קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Holiness
Inherited from Romans package (Medium there), elevated to High in Exodus given its extension to corporate, national, and spatial applications: ‘terra santa’ (3:5), ‘nação santa’ (19:6), ‘Lugar Santíssimo’ (26:33).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: santificação
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Consecration of Persons and Objects to God
Rejected alternatives: purificação cármica ao longo de reencarnações (leitura espírita)
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies but is lexically distinct from Exodus’s ‘consagrar’ (qadash), which denotes the specific declarative act of setting apart (see consecrate_sanctify below).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dons espirituais
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Spirit-Empowered Craftsmanship and Service
Rejected alternatives: mediunidade (dom mediúnico espírita), dons de incorporação (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced as the New Testament parallel doctrine to Exodus 31’s Bezalel account: Spirit-given skilled craftsmanship for God’s purposes, not trance, channeling, or possession phenomena.
Calling
Approved rendering: chamado
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Rejected alternatives: vocação (narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
Inherited from Romans package. Never ‘vocação’ in the narrow Catholic-culture sense; Moses’ calling is a sovereign, specific divine summons, not a religious-life vocation category.
Election
Approved rendering: eleição
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Israel as God’s Firstborn Son
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado ao longo de reencarnações
Inherited from Romans package. Israel’s designation as God’s ‘segulá’ (treasured possession, Exodus 19:5) and firstborn son (4:22) is sovereign choice, not a status earned through accumulated merit across lifetimes.
Providence
Approved rendering: providência
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: God’s Provision in the Wilderness
Rejected alternatives: lei de causa e efeito espírita (regência cármica das reencarnações)
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to God’s personal, purposive provision of manna, water, and guidance in the wilderness (chs. 15-17), never the Kardecist impersonal ‘lei de causa e efeito.‘
Angel Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Anjo do SENHOR
Transliteration: mal’akh YHWH
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Rejected alternatives: um anjo criado a ser venerado ou invocado
Original: מַלְאַךְ יהוה
Category: God
NEW. A unique manifestation of God’s own presence (Exodus 3, 23), not a created angelic intermediary to be venerated or invoked — a live risk given both Catholic angel devotion and Umbanda veneration of spirit-guide ‘guias.‘
Merciful And Gracious
Approved rendering: misericordioso e compassivo
Transliteration: rachum ve-chanun
Doctrine: God’s Character: Mercy, Grace, and Jealous Holiness
Original: רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן
Category: God
NEW. God’s self-proclaimed character at the covenant renewal (Exodus 34:6). Must be taught alongside chesed, not collapsed into a flattened generic ‘niceness’; foundational to the whole curriculum’s doctrine of God.
Chesed Steadfast Love
Approved rendering: misericórdia / amor leal
Transliteration: chesed
Doctrine: God’s Character: Mercy, Grace, and Jealous Holiness
Rejected alternatives: amor universal abstrato e não-relacional (leitura espírita/nova era)
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: God
NEW. Covenant-bound loyal love, richer than the baseline ‘graça’ (unmerited favor as legal/salvific category). No single Portuguese equivalent; distinct from the abstract, non-covenantal ‘amor universal’ of Brazilian Spiritist/New Age teaching. Context-sensitive rendering preferred over a single fixed gloss; flag each occurrence for native speaker review.
Holy Ground
Approved rendering: terra santa
Transliteration: admat qodesh
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: puro em sentido meramente ritual
Original: אַדְמַת־קֹדֶשׁ
Category: Holiness
NEW. First spatial/physical application of holiness in the curriculum (Exodus 3:5), anticipating the Tabernacle doctrine; reuses the baseline’s ‘santo’ but elevated given this spatial extension.
Knowing The Lord
Approved rendering: conhecer
Transliteration: yada
Doctrine: The Plagues as Judgment on Egypt’s Gods
Rejected alternatives: conhecimento esotérico/gnóstico como conquista espiritual do iniciado
Original: יָדַע
Category: God
NEW. Relational, experiential, covenantal knowledge, as in the recurring plague refrain ‘that you may know that I am the LORD.’ Must be distinguished from esoteric ‘conhecimento’ as an achievement of the initiated, present in some Brazilian Spiritist and esoteric circles.
Let My People Go
Approved rendering: “Deixa o meu povo ir.”
Transliteration: shallach et ami
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Rejected alternatives: um pedido diplomático ou educado
Original: שַׁלַּח אֶת־עַמִּי
Category: Redemption
NEW. God’s programmatic demand to Pharaoh, repeated throughout the plague narrative (Exodus 5:1 and following). Must retain full force as a direct divine demand, never softened to a polite request.
Altar
Approved rendering: altar
Transliteration: mizbeach / thysiastērion
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: מִזְבֵּחַ
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. The appointed place of sacrifice (Exodus 27, 37). Distinctive Brazilian collision: Afro-Brazilian Candomblé/Umbanda maintain sacred altars (‘pejis,’ ‘congás’) for offerings to orixás. The biblical altar must be taught as the appointed place of substitutionary sacrifice pointing to Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice, not one ritual-altar option among several.
Burnt Offering
Approved rendering: oferta queimada / oferta de holocausto
Transliteration: olah / holokautōma
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: holocausto sem contexto (risco de leitura como o Holocausto nazista)
Original: עֹלָה
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. A wholly burnt sacrificial offering (Exodus 27:1-8). Capitalized modern ‘o Holocausto’ refers almost exclusively to the Nazi genocide; surrounding context must always disambiguate. Prefer ‘oferta queimada’ in low-context material such as headings or lesson titles.
Sin Offering
Approved rendering: oferta pelo pecado
Transliteration: chatta’t / peri hamartias
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: חַטָּאת
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. A sacrifice offered specifically to deal with sin (Exodus 29:36), reusing the baseline ‘pecado.’ First fully developed sacrificial mechanism for sin in the curriculum, directly underlying the Substitutionary Atonement doctrine that Passover anticipates.
Firstborn
Approved rendering: primogênito
Transliteration: bekhor / prōtotokos
Doctrine: The Firstborn and Substitution
Original: בְּכוֹר
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. The first son whose life is spared only through a substitute’s death (Exodus 12:12-13) or through consecration (Exodus 13:2). Anchors the whole Substitutionary Atonement doctrine; direct forward link to Christ as ‘primogênito de toda a criação’ (Colossians 1:15), a term not present in the Romans baseline and newly introduced here.
Memorial
Approved rendering: memorial
Transliteration: zikkaron / mnēmosynon
Doctrine: The Passover Institution
Rejected alternatives: comemoração histórica passiva
Original: זִכָּרוֹן
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. An active, commanded remembrance shaping present identity and obedience (Exodus 12:14). Direct pattern for the Lord’s Supper (‘do this in remembrance of me,’ Luke 22:19); must be taught as active covenantal remembrance, not passive nostalgia.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: nação santa
Transliteration: goy qadosh / ethnos hagion
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: גּוֹי קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. Israel’s corporate set-apart status as a nation belonging to God (Exodus 19:6). Extends the baseline’s ‘santo/santos’ collision to national/corporate identity; must be taught as the whole covenant community’s set-apart status, not a claim of ethnic or national superiority — a live sensitivity given Brazil’s own complex history of national and racial identity narratives.
Servant Slave Mosaic
Approved rendering: servo / escravo
Transliteration: eved / doulos
Doctrine: Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: עֶבֶד
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. A bondservant under the regulated ancient Near Eastern debt-servitude case laws of Exodus 21. Must be carefully distinguished, in teaching notes, from both the metaphorical ‘bondage to sin’ doctrine and Brazil’s own history as the largest slaveholding society in the Americas; conflation without explanation risks serious historical and pastoral confusion.
Ark Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: arca da aliança
Transliteration: aron ha-berit / kibōtos tēs diathēkēs
Doctrine: The Ark and the Mercy Seat
Original: אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית
Category: Tabernacle/Presence
NEW. The gold-covered chest housing the tablets of the covenant, surmounted by the mercy seat (Exodus 25:10-22). Standard, established sanctuary-furniture term in Portuguese Bible tradition.
Veil Curtain
Approved rendering: véu
Transliteration: parokhet / katapetasma
Doctrine: The Veil and Access to God’s Presence
Original: פָּרֹכֶת
Category: Tabernacle/Presence
NEW. The curtain separating the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place (Exodus 26:31-33). Forward link to the torn veil at Christ’s death (Matthew 27:51); establishes the access-to-God’s-presence theme.
Holy Of Holies
Approved rendering: Lugar Santíssimo
Transliteration: qodesh ha-qodashim / hagia hagiōn
Doctrine: The Veil and Access to God’s Presence
Original: קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים
Category: Tabernacle/Presence
NEW. The innermost sanctuary chamber housing the ark (Exodus 26:33-34). Central to the access-to-God’s-presence theme; must be taught with appropriate gravity regarding restricted access under the old covenant.
Face Presence
Approved rendering: presença / face
Transliteration: panim / prosōpon
Doctrine: God’s Presence and ‘Face’
Rejected alternatives: presença casual ou magicamente acessível
Original: פָּנִים
Category: Tabernacle/Presence
NEW. God’s personal presence and ‘face,’ spoken of in Moses’ unique face-to-face relationship with God (Exodus 33:11, 20). Must convey covenantal intimacy tempered by God’s holiness, not a casual or magically-accessible presence such as claimed in mediumistic or spirit-incorporation practices.
Filled With Spirit Of God
Approved rendering: cheio do Espírito de Deus
Transliteration: male ruach Elohim
Doctrine: Spirit-Empowered Craftsmanship and Service
Rejected alternatives: mediunidade (dom mediúnico espírita), dons de incorporação (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: מָלֵא רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים
Category: Tabernacle/Presence
NEW. Spirit-given skill and enablement given to Bezalel for tabernacle craftsmanship (Exodus 31:3). Reuses the baseline’s ‘Espírito Santo’ register applied to the Spirit of God in the Old Testament economy. Also distinguish from contemporary Brazilian Pentecostal/Charismatic ‘cheio do Espírito Santo’ ecstatic-experience connotations, which are foreign to this craftsmanship context.
Bondage Slavery
Approved rendering: escravidão / servidão
Transliteration: avodah / douleia
Doctrine: Historical Bondage in Egypt
Original: עֲבֹדָה
Category: Bondage/Sin
NEW. Israel’s forced labor and oppression under Egypt (Exodus 1, 5). Establishes the literal historical backdrop for the whole ‘Deliverance from Bondage to Sin’ doctrine. Brazil’s own history as the largest slaveholding society in the Americas gives this term acute historical and pastoral weight; must neither trivialize that history nor allegorize away the literal suffering of the Israelites.
Harden The Heart
Approved rendering: endurecer o coração
Transliteration: hikhbid et lev / ebarynen tēn kardian
Doctrine: The Hardening of Pharaoh’s Heart
Original: הִכְבִּיד אֶת־לֵב
Category: Bondage/Sin
NEW. The recurring plague-narrative language of Pharaoh’s heart being hardened, in both causative (God hardens) and reflexive (Pharaoh hardens himself) forms (Exodus 4:21, 7:3, 7:13-14, 8:15, 8:32, 9:12, 9:34-35, 10:1, 10:20, 10:27, 11:10, 14:8). Theologically significant for divine sovereignty and human responsibility; the causative/reflexive distinction must be preserved verse-by-verse.
Firstborn Son Israel
Approved rendering: Israel, meu filho, meu primogênito
Transliteration: beni bekhori Yisrael
Doctrine: Israel as God’s Firstborn Son
Original: בְּנִי בְכֹרִי יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Mediation
NEW. God’s declaration that Israel as a nation is his firstborn son (Exodus 4:22). Corporate/national application of firstborn sonship distinct from the household-level Passover application in ch. 12 and from Christ’s unique, eternal Sonship.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: temor de Deus / temor do SENHOR
Transliteration: yare et ha-Elohim / phobeomai ton theon
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: medo servil ou superstição de espíritos
Original: יָרֵא אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים
Category: Holiness
NEW. Reverential awe and covenant loyalty, exhibited by the Hebrew midwives (Exodus 1:17, 21) and required at Sinai (20:20). Must convey reverential awe and covenant loyalty, not servile terror nor the generic superstitious fear of spirits common in Afro-Brazilian folk belief and some Spiritist framings. Consistently pair with covenant-loyalty/love language.
Anoint
Approved rendering: ungir
Transliteration: mashach / chriō
Doctrine: The Priesthood as Mediatorial Office
Rejected alternatives: unção genericamente transferível por objetos ou técnica
Original: מָשַׁח
Category: Holiness
NEW. God’s act of setting apart priests for office through anointing oil (Exodus 28). Direct etymological root of ‘Messias,’ already Critical in the Romans baseline. Must be taught as God’s own act of setting apart for a specific redemptive-historical role, not a generically transferable ‘unção’ achievable through religious objects or technique, a framing sometimes popularized in prosperity-oriented Brazilian Evangelical/Pentecostal preaching.
Priest High Priest
Approved rendering: sacerdote / sumo sacerdote
Transliteration: kohen / kohen ha-gadol
Doctrine: The Priesthood as Mediatorial Office
Original: כֹּהֵן / כֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל
Category: Holiness
NEW. The ordained mediatorial office responsible for tabernacle service, headed by the high priest (Exodus 28). Establishes the mediatorial office anticipating Christ as great High Priest (Hebrews); parallels Moses’ own mediatorial role.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: sábado
Transliteration: shabbat / sabbaton
Doctrine: The Sabbath as Covenant Sign
Original: שַׁבָּת
Category: Holiness
NEW. The commanded day of rest, instituted as a covenant sign (Exodus 16:22-30) and codified in the Fourth Commandment (Exodus 20:8-11). Pastoral awareness required: Brazil has a numerically significant Seventh-day Adventist population for whom Saturday Sabbath observance carries specific denominational identity; teach covenantal/typological significance without adjudicating that denominational debate.
Medium Risk Terms
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not textually present in Exodus but retained here for cross-document consistency, since Exodus 4:22’s sonship language is a forward seed for Romans 8’s adoption doctrine.
Called
Approved rendering: chamado
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic register)
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to Moses’ commissioning at the burning bush (Exodus 3:10) as the first instance of a sovereign divine summons to a specific task, prefiguring the calling doctrine Romans later develops for every believer.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: poder de Deus
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: The Plagues as Judgment on Egypt’s Gods
Inherited from Romans package. Exodus 9:16 (‘that my power may be known’) and the plague narrative generally are the Old Testament ground for this doctrine’s later Romans 1:16 application.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: reino de Deus
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept lexically and conceptually DISTINCT from Exodus 19:6’s ‘reino de sacerdotes’ (kingdom_of_priests, below) — the two phrases must never be collapsed into one gloss.
Mission
Approved rendering: missão
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to Moses’ sending to Pharaoh (Exodus 3:10, 7:16) as the paradigmatic Old Testament instance of being sent with God’s authoritative message.
El Shaddai
Approved rendering: Deus Todo-Poderoso
Transliteration: El Shaddai
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: אֵל שַׁדַּי
Category: God
NEW. Standard, low-collision compound divine name emphasizing God’s power to fulfill his covenant promises (Exodus 6:3).
Jealous God
Approved rendering: Deus zeloso
Transliteration: El Qanna
Doctrine: God’s Character: Mercy, Grace, and Jealous Holiness
Original: אֵל קַנָּא
Category: God
NEW. God’s exclusive claim on Israel’s covenant loyalty and worship (Exodus 20:5, 34:14). Must convey exclusive covenant love, not petty human jealousy.
Cried Out Groaning
Approved rendering: gemido / clamor
Transliteration: tsa’aku
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: צָעֲקוּ
Category: Redemption
NEW. Israel’s cry of distress under bondage that precedes God’s redemptive initiative (Exodus 2:23-24). Establishes the cry-then-deliverance pattern foundational to the doctrine; must not be flattened into a self-help ‘positive thinking’ framing.
Sign
Approved rendering: sinal
Transliteration: oth / sēmeion
Doctrine: Blood as the Atoning Sign
Rejected alternatives: objeto amuletico ou mágico (‘patuá’)
Original: אוֹת
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. A divinely appointed visible marker of covenant reality (Exodus 4, 12:13, 13). Must be distinguished from an amuletic or magical protective object, a live risk given popular Brazilian folk religiosity.
Unleavened Bread
Approved rendering: pão sem fermento / pão ázimo
Transliteration: matzot / azyma
Doctrine: The Passover Institution
Original: מַצּוֹת
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. Bread made without fermentation time, eaten at the Passover meal (Exodus 12:8), symbolizing haste and purity. Carries forward New Testament metaphorical use (1 Corinthians 5:6-8); flag wherever this metaphorical range recurs outside Exodus.
Leaven
Approved rendering: fermento
Transliteration: chametz / zymē
Doctrine: The Passover Institution
Original: חָמֵץ
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. Fermented dough, forbidden during the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Exodus 12:15, 19). Carries later New Testament metaphor of corrupting sin or false teaching (Matthew 16:6; 1 Corinthians 5:6-8).
Commandment
Approved rendering: mandamento
Transliteration: mitzvah / entolē
Doctrine: The Ten Commandments as Covenant Stipulation
Original: מִצְוָה
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. A specific divine command, especially the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20). High existing Brazilian catechetical literacy around ‘os Dez Mandamentos’ gives this term low miscommunication risk, though it must be taught within its redemptive-historical frame (20:2), not as a free-standing moral code disconnected from grace.
Treasured Possession
Approved rendering: propriedade peculiar / povo particular de Deus
Transliteration: segullah / periousios
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: סְגֻלָּה
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. Israel’s unique, valued relationship to God as his own special possession (Exodus 19:5). Conveys a unique, valued relationship, not mere ownership; needs care to avoid a purely possessive/transactional tone.
Kingdom Of Priests
Approved rendering: reino de sacerdotes
Transliteration: mamlekhet kohanim / basileion hierateuma
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. Israel’s corporate priestly vocation, mediating God to the nations (Exodus 19:6). Distinct from the Romans baseline’s ‘reino de Deus’ (kingdom_of_god, above); the two phrases must never be collapsed into one gloss.
Book Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: livro da aliança
Transliteration: sefer ha-berit
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. The written record of the covenant stipulations read to the people before ratification (Exodus 24:7). Standard covenant-documentation vocabulary.
Statute Forever
Approved rendering: estatuto perpétuo
Transliteration: chuqqat olam / nomimon aiōnion
Doctrine: The Passover Institution
Original: חֻקַּת עוֹלָם
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. A perpetual covenant obligation binding all future generations (Exodus 12:14). Avoid a purely bureaucratic/legalistic tone that would obscure the gracious redemptive basis of the command.
Pillar Of Cloud Fire
Approved rendering: coluna de nuvem / coluna de fogo
Transliteration: ammud anan / ammud esh
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: עַמּוּד עָנָן / עַמּוּד אֵשׁ
Category: Tabernacle/Presence
NEW. The visible manifestation of God’s guiding presence with Israel in the wilderness (Exodus 13:21-22). First visible token of God’s guiding presence, seeding the doctrine fully developed in chapters 25-40.
Serve Dual Sense
Approved rendering: servir
Transliteration: avad / latreuō
Doctrine: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Original: עָבַד
Category: Bondage/Sin
NEW. A verb covering both coerced slave-labor (service to Pharaoh) and free covenantal worship (service to the LORD), as in Exodus 5:1. Translators must track which sense is active per occurrence, paralleling the baseline’s caution on ‘chamado.‘
Stiff Necked People
Approved rendering: povo obstinado
Transliteration: am qesheh oreph / laos sklerotrachelos
Doctrine: Moses’ Intercession for Israel
Original: עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף
Category: Bondage/Sin
NEW. Israel’s covenant-breaking stubbornness after receiving deliverance (Exodus 32:9). Characterizes ongoing resistance to God’s covenant despite deliverance already received.
Deliverer
Approved rendering: libertador
Transliteration: — (narrative role, not a single lexeme)
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Original: (narrative role, not a single lexeme)
Category: Mediation
NEW. Moses’ God-appointed role of leading Israel out of Egypt (Exodus 2-14). Must distinguish God’s redemptive deliverance, accomplished through his appointed mediator, from purely socio-political liberation — a live discourse in Brazilian Liberation Theology contexts. Consistently subordinate to ‘servo do SENHOR’ or ‘mediador da aliança’ framing.
Rock
Approved rendering: rocha
Transliteration: tsur / petra
Doctrine: God’s Provision in the Wilderness
Original: צוּר
Category: Mediation
NEW. The rock from which God provided water at Horeb (Exodus 17:6). Becomes explicitly typological in 1 Corinthians 10:4 (‘the Rock was Christ’); flag for forward theological connection, not itself a Brazilian collision risk.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: circuncisão
Transliteration: mulot / peritemnō
Doctrine: Circumcision as Covenant Sign
Original: מוּלֹת
Category: Holiness
NEW. The covenant sign performed on Moses’ son (Exodus 4:25), later required for Passover participation (12:48). Covenant-sign vocabulary parallel to, but distinct from, the Passover blood-sign; low collision risk in Brazil.
Low Risk Terms
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Israel as God’s Firstborn Son
Inherited from Romans package. Standard proper name; in Exodus 4:22 the nation itself is called God’s firstborn son, a corporate application distinct from any individual sonship doctrine.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: gentios
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Inclusion of the Sojourner
Rejected alternatives: pagãos (pejorative)
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced as the forward New Testament category that Exodus 12:19, 48-49’s inclusion of the circumcised ‘ger’ (sojourner) anticipates; flag as a forward connection only, not a new risk.
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Rejected alternatives: médium (channeler of spirit messages)
Inherited from Romans package. Moses functions throughout Exodus as God’s spokesperson (cf. Deuteronomy 18:15); never a Kardecist medium channeling messages from discarnate spirits, a common alternate frame for revelation in Brazil.
David
Approved rendering: Davi
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Inherited from Romans package. Not textually present in Exodus; retained for cross-document consistency since the Davidic covenant later fulfills the Sinai covenant’s priestly-kingdom trajectory (Exodus 19:6).
Outstretched Arm
Approved rendering: com braço estendido
Transliteration: bizroa netuyah
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: בִּזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה
Category: Redemption
NEW. Standard idiom for God’s mighty power exercised in redemptive action (Exodus 6:6); recurs frequently through the Pentateuch.
Bitter Herbs
Approved rendering: ervas amargas
Transliteration: merorim / pikrides
Doctrine: The Passover Institution
Original: מְרֹרִים
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. Bitter herbs eaten with the Passover meal (Exodus 12:8), evoking the bitterness of slavery. No significant doctrinal collision.
Feast Festival
Approved rendering: festa
Transliteration: chag / heortē
Doctrine: The Passover Institution
Original: חַג
Category: Passover/Atonement
NEW. A commanded pilgrimage festival (Exodus 12:14, 23:14-17). Standard term reused throughout the festival calendar material.
Covet
Approved rendering: cobiçar
Transliteration: chamad / epithymeō
Doctrine: The Ten Commandments as Covenant Stipulation
Original: חָמַד
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. To covet, desire wrongfully what belongs to another (Exodus 20:17). Standard, unambiguous term.
Judge
Approved rendering: juiz / julgar
Transliteration: shaphat / krinō
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Original: שָׁפַט
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. Delegated judicial authority appointed under Moses (Exodus 18:13-27). Establishes structured authority preparing for the shared-leadership outworking of the mediator doctrine.
Eye For Eye
Approved rendering: “olho por olho”
Transliteration: ayin tachat ayin
Doctrine: Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. The lex talionis principle of proportional justice (Exodus 21:24). Well-known Portuguese idiom; teach as a limiting principle of proportional justice, not license for personal vengeance.
Widow And Orphan
Approved rendering: viúva e órfão
Transliteration: almanah ve-yatom
Doctrine: Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: אַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. The vulnerable classes the Mosaic law specifically protects (Exodus 22:22). Establishes a justice/mercy theme; no significant collision risk.
Darkness
Approved rendering: trevas
Transliteration: choshekh / skotos
Doctrine: The Plagues as Judgment on Egypt’s Gods
Original: חֹשֶׁךְ
Category: Bondage/Sin
NEW. The literal darkness of the ninth plague (Exodus 10:21-23). Low risk in this literal context; flag for a teaching note when the term recurs metaphorically (moral/spiritual darkness) elsewhere in the curriculum.
Sojourner
Approved rendering: estrangeiro / peregrino
Transliteration: ger / paroikos
Doctrine: Inclusion of the Sojourner
Original: גֵּר
Category: Covenant/Law
NEW. A resident foreigner permitted to join the covenant community under specified conditions (Exodus 12:19, 48-49). Establishes an early inclusion principle relevant to the Romans baseline’s ‘Unity of Jews and Gentiles’ doctrine; flag as a forward connection, not a new risk.
Song Of Deliverance
Approved rendering: cântico
Transliteration: shirah / ōdē
Doctrine: Worship in Response to Deliverance
Original: שִׁירָה
Category: Redemption
NEW. The Song of Moses at the Red Sea, celebrating God’s deliverance (Exodus 15:1-21). Establishes worship-response-to-redemption as a recurring biblical pattern.
Manna
Approved rendering: maná
Transliteration: man
Doctrine: God’s Provision in the Wilderness
Original: מָן
Category: Bondage/Sin
NEW. Bread from heaven God provided for Israel in the wilderness (Exodus 16). Well-established Portuguese loanword with no significant competing religious association in Brazil.
Referenced passages