Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Luke (Lucas) 1–24
English → Portuguese Term-Level Glossary with Translation Risk
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the core passage (Luke 4:16–21) and all 24 chapters of Luke. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked “per baseline TM” and MUST be reused exactly, with no alteration. Newly proposed terms are marked “NEW” and are recommended for addition to the Language Package’s translation_memory.json before Phase 2 processing begins, following the version-increment procedure specified in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation alters or destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — mistranslation causes minor misunderstanding; automated review sufficient.
A. Reused Terms from the Baseline Romans Language Package
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Portuguese (per baseline TM — reuse exactly) | Risk | Doctrine(s) in Luke | Key Luke Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός / Theos | Deus | Critical | all eight core doctrines | throughout |
| Lord | κύριος / kyrios | Senhor | Critical | Lordship of Christ; Kingdom of God | 1:17, 43; 2:11; 4:18-19; 20:41-44; 24:34 |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous | Jesus | Critical | Christology throughout | throughout |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion | Espírito Santo | Critical | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25-27; 3:16, 22; 4:1, 14, 18; 10:21; 11:13; 24:49 |
| Father | πατήρ / patēr | Pai | Critical | Prayer and Dependence on God; Kingdom of God | 2:49; 6:36; 10:21-22; 11:2, 13; 15:12-32; 22:42; 23:34, 46 |
| Messiah / Christ | Χριστός / Christos | Messias / Cristo | Critical | Jesus as Savior; Messianic identity | 2:11, 26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2, 35, 39; 24:26, 46 |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις / anastasis | ressurreição | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 9:22; 14:14; 18:33; 20:27-38; 24:6, 34, 46 |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | justiça | Critical | Repentance and Forgiveness; Kingdom ethics | 1:75 |
| Justification | δικαίωσις / δικαιόω / dikaiōsis, dikaioō | justificação / justificado | Critical | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 18:14 |
| Salvation | σωτηρία / sōtēria | salvação | Critical | Jesus as Savior; Good News to the Poor | 1:69, 71, 77; 2:30; 3:6; 19:9 |
| Faith | πίστις / pistis | fé | High | Compassion and Table Fellowship; Good News to All | 5:20; 7:9, 50; 8:25, 48; 17:19; 18:8, 42 |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | pecado | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 11:4; 15:7-10; 24:47 |
| Covenant | διαθήκη / diathēkē | aliança | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History; Kingdom | 1:72; 22:20 |
| Grace | χάρις / charis | graça | High | Jesus as Savior; Divine favor | 1:30; 2:40, 52; 4:22 |
| Glory | δόξα / doxa | glória | Medium | Deity of Christ; Kingdom Present/Future | 2:9, 14, 32; 9:31-32; 21:27; 24:26 |
| Gentiles / Nations | ἔθνη / ethnē | gentios / nações | Low-High (context) | Jesus as Savior for All Nations | 2:32; 21:24; 24:47 |
| Prophet | προφήτης / prophētēs | profeta | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1:76; 4:17, 24; 7:16, 26; 24:19, 27 |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / basileia tou theou | reino de Deus | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 4:43; 6:20; 8:1, 10; 9:2, 60; 10:9-11; 11:20; 13:18-29; 17:20-21; 18:16-29; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16-18; 23:42 |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος / apostolos | apóstolo | Low | Mission; Apostleship | 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10 |
| Election / Chosen | ἐκλογή, ἐκλεκτός / eklogē, eklektos | eleição / escolhido | High | Divine sovereignty in salvation | 18:7; 23:35 |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ / Israēl | Israel | Low | Unity of Israel and the Nations | 1:16, 54, 68, 80; 2:25, 32, 34; 24:21 |
| David | Δαυίδ / Dauid | Davi | Low | Davidic/Messianic promise | 1:27, 32, 69; 2:4, 11; 3:31; 18:38-39; 20:41-44 |
| Abba | Ἀββά / Abba | Abba | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God (background term; not explicit in Luke’s wording but relevant to “Pai” teaching) | cf. 11:2; 22:42 |
B. New Terms Proposed for Luke Curriculum (not in Romans TM)
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Portuguese Rendering (proposed) | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Key Luke Passages | Risk Reasoning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spirit of the Lord | Πνεῦμα Κυρίου / Pneuma Kyriou | Espírito do Senhor | Critical | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 4:18 | Built on Critical baseline term “Espírito Santo.” Must convey the personal, divine, Trinitarian Spirit resting uniquely on the Messiah, sharply distinct from Kardecist “espíritos guias” and Candomblé/Umbanda orixás/guias incorporated by mediums. |
| Anoint / Anointed | χρίω, ἔχρισεν / chriō, echrisen | ungir / unção | Critical | Messianic Promise; Deity of Christ | 4:18 | Generates the very title “Cristo/Messias” (Critical). Must not be softened to “specially gifted” or read through Kardecism’s “most evolved spirit” Christology. |
| Good News (verb form) | εὐαγγελίζω / euangelizō | anunciar boas novas / evangelizar | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 1:19; 2:10; 3:18; 4:18, 43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1 | Verb form of baseline Critical/High term “evangelho.” Same Kardec O Evangelho Segundo o Espiritismo collision risk applies to the verb as to the noun. |
| Poor | πτωχός / ptōchos | pobre | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized; Rich and Poor | 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13, 21; 16:20, 22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3 | Central structural term of the doctrine. Risk of over-spiritualizing into a merely metaphorical “poor in spirit” that erases real economic concern, or of neo-Pentecostal prosperity-theology assimilation implying poverty is spiritually deficient rather than a marker of the marginalized whom Jesus specifically favors. |
| Rich | πλούσιος / plousios | rico | High | Rich and Poor; Cost of Discipleship | 6:24; 12:16; 14:12; 16:1, 19, 21-22; 18:23, 25; 19:2; 21:1 | Direct collision risk with Brazil’s strong neo-Pentecostal “teologia da prosperidade,” which can read wealth as a sign of divine favor — the inverse of Luke’s repeated Woes and reversal narratives. |
| Captive | αἰχμάλωτος / aichmalōtos | cativo | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4:18 | Must retain literal, social-liberation force alongside any spiritual-bondage application; do not collapse to purely spiritual metaphor. |
| Release / Forgiveness | ἄφεσις / aphesis | remissão / libertação / perdão (context-governed) | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins; Good News to the Poor | 1:77; 3:3; 4:18-19; 24:47 | Single Greek word spans both “release from captivity” and “forgiveness of sins”; Portuguese has no equivalent single term. Requires per-occurrence translator judgment and a note preserving the Jubilee/forgiveness double meaning where both are theologically active (as in the core passage). |
| Acceptable/Favorable Year of the Lord | ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός / eniautos Kyriou dektos | o ano aceitável do Senhor / o ano da graça do Senhor | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future; Good News to the Poor | 4:19 | Jubilee allusion (Leviticus 25) unfamiliar to most Brazilian readers; acute risk of prosperity-gospel appropriation as a promise of financial breakthrough rather than the in-breaking, Jubilee-shaped kingdom of release and restoration. Luke-specific risk with no Romans-baseline precedent. |
| Today (theological “today”) | σήμερον / sēmeron | hoje | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 2:11; 4:21; 19:9; 23:43 | Structural motif of inaugurated fulfillment across the whole Gospel; must remain a specific present-tense temporal marker, not softened into a vague “nestes dias.” |
| Fulfilled | πληρόω, πεπλήρωται / plēroō, peplērōtai | cumprir-se / está cumprida | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1:20; 4:21; 21:24; 24:44 | Consistent with Romans baseline’s “fulfillment_of_prophecy” doctrine (Medium); requires OT literacy support. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | misericórdia | High | Jesus as Savior; Repentance and Forgiveness | 1:50, 54, 58, 72, 78; 6:36; 10:37; 18:38-39 | Must be taught as personal, covenantal divine compassion and free initiative, not the impersonal Kardecist “lei de causa e efeito” that governs a spirit’s gradual correction. |
| Savior | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Salvador | High | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 1:47; 2:11 | Must be reserved exclusively for God/Jesus as unique deliverer; not diluted into a generic helper/healer figure nor read as one of several evolved spiritual guides per Kardecist Christology. Note collision with the Brazilian place-name “Salvador” (Bahia) requiring contextual disambiguation. |
| Redemption | λύτρωσις, ἀπολύτρωσις / lytrōsis, apolytrōsis | redenção | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History; Kingdom Present and Future | 1:68; 2:38; 21:28; 24:21 | Risk of secular dilution (“redemption arc,” financial debt redemption) draining the term of its costly, Christ-accomplished sense; distinct from Kardecist “reparação cármica” (self-achieved redemption across incarnations). |
| Repentance | μετάνοια, μετανοέω / metanoia, metanoeō | arrependimento / arrepender-se | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 3:3, 8; 5:32; 13:3, 5; 15:7, 10; 17:3-4; 24:47 | Risk of narrowing into the Catholic sacrament of confissão/penitência as a ritual act; must be distinguished from Kardecist “reparação,” a spirit’s gradual self-correction across reincarnations, since biblical repentance is a decisive turning met by God’s forgiveness, not self-administered karmic correction. |
| Baptism | βάπτισμα / baptisma | batismo | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 3:3, 7, 12, 16, 21; 7:29; 12:50 | Standard, stable term; ensure it is understood as a once-enacted sign of repentance, not a repeatable purification rite. |
| Sinner | ἁμαρτωλός / hamartōlos | pecador | High | Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 5:8, 30, 32; 6:32-34; 7:34, 37, 39; 15:1-2, 7, 10; 18:13; 19:7 | Must retain moral seriousness of the label while preserving Jesus’ deliberate, scandalous association with those so labeled — neither excusing sin nor reducing the term to a neutral social-outsider category. |
| Table fellowship (recline at table with) | συνανάκειμαι / synanakeimai | comer à mesa com / reclinar-se à mesa com | Medium | Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 5:29; 7:36-39; 14:15; 15:2; 22:14 | Requires cultural-background notes on ancient reclining-banquet honor/shame customs for the doctrine’s social force to register with Brazilian readers. |
| Physician | ἰατρός / iatros | médico | Low | Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 5:31; 8:43 | Standard vocabulary; theological force lies in the metaphor’s application. |
| Tax collector | τελώνης / telōnēs | publicano | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized; Compassion | 3:12; 5:27, 29-30; 7:29, 34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2 | Needs accompanying notes on the strong first-century social stigma to preserve the doctrine’s marginalization theme. |
| Blessed | μακάριος / makarios | bem-aventurado | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized; Kingdom | 1:45; 6:20-22; 7:23; 10:23; 11:27-28; 12:37-38, 43; 14:14-15; 23:29 | Catholic hagiographical resonance (“beato,” beatification) risks implying these blessings apply only to a spiritual elite rather than, as Luke insists, directly to the economically/socially poor. |
| Woe | οὐαί / ouai | ai de | Medium | Rich and Poor | 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52; 17:1; 21:23; 22:22 | Standard prophetic-judgment idiom; must retain full pronounced-judgment force, not softened to mere lament. |
| Love | ἀγάπη, ἀγαπάω / agapē, agapaō | amor / amar | High | Cost and Joy of Discipleship; Compassion | 6:27, 32, 35; 7:42, 47; 10:27; 11:42-43 | Must be taught as the free, personal, self-giving character and command of a personal God; distinct from Kardecism’s impersonal “Lei do Amor,” a cosmic ethical-evolutionary principle. |
| Compassion (moved with) | σπλαγχνίζομαι / splanchnizomai | compadecer-se / mover-se de compaixão | Medium | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 | Choose vocabulary conveying visceral, active compassion leading to concrete action, not passive pity. |
| Devil | διάβολος / diabolos | diabo | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History (spiritual conflict) | 4:2-13; 8:12 | Kardecism denies a personal, malevolent devil, reframing affliction as “obsessão” by ignorant discarnate spirits; requires explicit distinction. |
| Demon | δαιμόνιον / daimonion | demônio | Critical | Kingdom of God Present and Future (kingdom power over evil) | 4:33-36, 41; 8:2, 27-33; 9:1, 42, 49; 10:17; 11:14-20; 13:32 | Sharpest Luke-specific collision with Brazilian religious pluralism: Kardecism reframes possession as “obsessão espiritual” treated by charity/desobsessão, not exorcism; Candomblé/Umbanda positively frame spirit “incorporação.” Every exorcism narrative requires explicit theological framing. |
| Unclean spirit | πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / pneuma akatharton | espírito imundo | Critical | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 4:33, 36; 6:18; 8:29; 9:42; 11:24 | Same collision class as “demônio” above. |
| Authority | ἐξουσία / exousia | autoridade | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future; Jesus as Savior | 4:32, 36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 20:2, 8, 20 | Distinguish from baseline “poder de Deus” (δύναμις): ἐξουσία denotes rightful, delegated authority, important for later disputes (ch.20) about the source of Jesus’ authority. |
| Parable | παραβολή / parabolē | parábola | Low | Kingdom of God Present and Future (teaching form) | 5:36; 6:39; 8:4-15; 12:16-21; 13:6-9, 18-21; 14:7-24; 15:3-32; 18:1-14; 19:11-27; 20:9-19; 21:29-33 | Standard, stable term throughout Portuguese Bible tradition. |
| Word of God | λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ / logos tou theou | palavra de Deus | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 5:1; 8:11, 21; 11:28 | Standard vocabulary; ties proclamation to fruitfulness. |
| Save / Heal (verb) | σῴζω / sōzō | salvar / curar (context-governed) | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized; Jesus as Savior | 6:9; 7:50; 8:12, 36, 48, 50; 9:24; 17:19; 18:42; 19:10; 23:35, 37, 39 | Deliberate Lukan double sense (physical healing / eternal salvation) risks flattening if rendered only “curar”; teaching notes must preserve the link between bodily wholeness and the kingdom’s saving arrival. |
| Disciple | μαθητής / mathētēs | discípulo | Medium | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 5:30, 33; 6:1, 13, 17, 20, 40; 7:11, 18-19; 8:9, 22; 9:1, 14, 16, 18, 40, 43, 54; 10:23; 11:1; 12:1, 22; 14:26-27, 33; 16:1; 17:1, 22; 19:29, 37, 39; 20:45; 22:11, 39, 45; 24:9, 13 | Keep the sense of committed, costly apprenticeship to Jesus specifically, not a generic “student” or a Kardecist “discípulo” of a medium/spiritual guide. |
| Follow | ἀκολουθέω / akoloutheō | seguir | Medium | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 5:11, 27-28; 9:23, 57-62; 18:22, 28, 43 | Must retain weight of costly, total commitment, not casual admiration. |
| Deny oneself | ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν / aparneomai heauton | negar-se a si mesmo | High | Cost of Discipleship | 9:23 | Must not be softened into ascetic self-denial of pleasures; force is total renunciation of self-rule in favor of Christ. |
| Cross | σταυρός / stauros | cruz | High | Cost of Discipleship | 9:23; 14:27; 23:26 | Must recover original scandalous weight as an instrument of shameful execution willingly embraced, not merely a familiar devotional/decorative symbol. |
| Neighbor | πλησίον / plēsion | próximo | Medium | Compassion and Table Fellowship; All Nations and All People | 10:27, 29, 36 | Theological weight lies in the Good Samaritan’s radical redefinition across ethnic/religious lines; pair with notes on Brazil’s own social/racial stratification history. |
| Good portion | μερὶς ἀγαθή / meris agathē | a boa parte | Low | Prayer and Dependence on God | 10:42 | Standard vocabulary. |
| Prayer / Pray | προσευχή, προσεύχομαι / proseuchē, proseuchomai | oração / orar | High | Prayer and Dependence on God | 1:13; 3:21; 5:16; 6:12, 28; 9:18, 28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1, 10-11; 19:46; 20:47; 21:36; 22:32, 40-46 | Contested category in Brazil: must be taught as direct, personal address to God the Father through Christ, explicitly distinct from Catholic prayer to Mary/saints and Kardecist/Umbanda communication with spirit guides or the deceased through mediums. |
| Beelzebul | Βεελζεβούλ / Beelzeboul | Belzebu | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 11:15, 18-19 | Transliterated proper name, standard across Portuguese Bible traditions. |
| Finger of God | δάκτυλος θεοῦ / daktylos theou | dedo de Deus | Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 11:20 | Idiom requiring a note connecting it explicitly to the Spirit’s power. |
| Anxious / Worry | μεριμνάω / merimnaō | preocupar-se / andar ansioso | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | 10:41; 12:11, 22-31; 21:34 | Standard vocabulary; theological weight in the Father-dependence framing. |
| Watchful | γρηγορέω / grēgoreō | vigiar | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 12:37; 21:36 | Standard vocabulary. |
| Banquet | δεῖπνον, δοχή / deipnon, dochē | banquete / ceia | High | Good News to the Poor; Table Fellowship | 14:12-24 | Must retain full, socially scandalous inclusiveness of the Great Banquet’s guest list (poor, crippled, lame, blind); do not spiritualize away the specific social markers. |
| Hate (relative-priority idiom) | μισέω / miseō | amar menos (idiomatic; avoid literal “odiar”) | High | Cost of Discipleship | 14:26 | Literal “odiar” would produce a false command; requires comparative-priority idiomatic rendering with explanatory note. |
| Lost | ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπολωλός / apollymi, apolōlos | perdido | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 15:4, 6, 8-9, 17, 24, 32; 19:10 | Must retain genuine peril and the seeker’s initiative (not self-directed recovery); distinct from Kardecist self-guided spiritual progress across lifetimes. |
| Joy | χαρά / chara | alegria | Medium | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 1:14; 2:10; 6:23; 8:13; 10:17; 15:7, 10, 32; 19:6; 24:41, 52 | Standard vocabulary; theological weight in linking joy specifically to repentance/restoration. |
| Mammon | μαμωνᾶς / mamōnas | mamom | Medium | Rich and Poor | 16:9, 11, 13 | Personified rival master to God; must not be domesticated into a soft synonym for “dinheiro,” especially given Brazil’s prosperity-theology context. |
| Hades | Ἅδης / Hadēs | Hades / inferno (context-dependent) | High | Rich and Poor; Eschatology | 10:15; 16:23 | Must be distinguished from the Catholic purgatório, the Kardecist “colônias/planos espirituais,” and generic folk notions of “o além.” |
| Humble / Exalt | ταπεινός/ταπεινόω, ὑψόω / tapeinos/tapeinoō, hypsoō | humilde/humilhar-se, exaltar | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness; Kingdom reversal motif | 1:52; 14:11; 18:14 | Standard vocabulary, low ambiguity. |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου / huios tou anthrōpou | Filho do Homem | High/Critical | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56, 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22-30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7 | Must not be flattened to generic humanity nor confused with the distinct baseline Critical term “Filho de Deus”; the two titles are complementary, both requiring full force (genuine humanity and eternal divinity). |
| Crucify | σταυρόω / stauroō | crucificar | High | Resurrection of Christ (historical premise) | 23:21, 23, 33; 24:7, 20 | Must remain a real, historical, physically decisive death; any softening weakens the downstream Critical resurrection doctrine. |
| Paradise | παράδεισος / paradeisos | paraíso | High | Jesus as Savior; Repentance and Forgiveness | 23:43 | Distinguish from Kardecist graduated afterlife “colônias/planos espirituais” en route to further reincarnation. |
| New Covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη / kainē diathēkē | nova aliança | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 22:20 | Built on baseline High-risk “aliança”; teach in continuity with, not replacement of, God’s covenant faithfulness to Israel. |
| Body / Blood (Eucharistic) | σῶμα, αἷμα / sōma, haima | corpo / sangue | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History; Cost of Discipleship | 22:19-20 | Divergent Catholic/Protestant/Evangelical/Pentecostal sacramental theologies in Brazil; wording follows established liturgical convention across traditions, but flag for careful doctrinal framing without adjudicating the sacramental debate. |
| Open the Scriptures | διανοίγω (τὰς γραφάς) / dianoigō | abrir(-lhes) as Escrituras | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 24:27, 32, 45 | Closes the fulfillment arc opened in the core passage (4:21). |
| Power from on high | δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους / dynamis ex hypsous | poder do alto | Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 24:49 | Built on baseline Medium-risk “poder de Deus”; ties Gospel’s opening and closing Spirit references into one arc. |
| Leper | λεπρός / lepros | leproso | Low | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 5:12; 7:22; 17:12 | Standard vocabulary; pair with ritual-exclusion background notes. |
| Synagogue | συναγωγή / synagōgē | sinagoga | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy (setting) | 4:16, 20, 28, 33, 38, 44; 6:6; 7:5; 8:41; 13:10 | Stable loanword, no rival religious referent. |
| Sabbath | σάββατον / sabbaton | sábado | Medium | Kingdom of God Present and Future (Sabbath controversies) | 4:16, 31; 6:1-9; 13:10-16; 14:1-5; 23:54, 56 | Mild resonance with Adventist “Sábado” observance in Brazil; no doctrinal distortion if kept as simple time-marker. |
C. Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2 Consistency
- Luke 4:16–21 (core passage) must be rendered with the same consistency discipline the Romans baseline applies to Romans 1:16–17: this is Luke’s programmatic thesis statement and must be rendered identically across every curriculum document that quotes it.
- Luke 19:10 (“the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost”) functions as Luke’s summary mission verse and should receive the same cross-document consistency treatment the Romans baseline gives to Romans 8:28 and 10:9–10.
- Luke 18:14 (justification of the tax collector) must use the exact Portuguese rendering of baseline TM “justificação,” preserving forensic, faith-not-works content, for direct doctrinal continuity with the Romans curriculum’s treatment of justification.
- Demônio / espírito imundo occurrences (chs. 4, 8, 9, 11) should be routed to human theologian review as a class, on the same footing as the baseline’s Critical-tier Christological terms, given the depth and mainstream reach of the Kardecist “obsessão espiritual” reinterpretation in Brazil.
- Ano aceitável do Senhor (Luke 4:19) and mamom (Luke 16:13) should be flagged as a linked pair for prosperity-theology review, since both are vulnerable to the same distinctly Brazilian neo-Pentecostal misreading risk not present in the Romans baseline package.
See 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter argumentation supporting every entry above.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justiça
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado por esforço moral próprio
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:75 (Zechariah’s prophecy of serving God ‘em santidade e justiça’).
Justification
Approved rendering: justificação
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: progresso espiritual gradual
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Luke 18:14 (‘foi este que desceu justificado para sua casa’) is a direct narrative enactment of this doctrine and MUST use this exact rendering with identical forensic, faith-not-works content, for cross-document consistency with the Romans curriculum.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvação
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:69, 71, 77; 2:30; 3:6; 19:9-10. Risk is intensified in Luke relative to Romans because the verb sōzō (see ‘save_heal’ below) links this noun’s theological weight to dozens of concrete healing narratives, multiplying entry points for the Kardecist ‘evolução espiritual’ misreading.
Saints
Approved rendering: santos
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: santos venerados e invocados como intercessores
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Not a frequent noun in Luke’s Greek text itself, but retained because curriculum teaching material discussing the church/believers as a corporate body must not let ‘santos’ default to the popular Catholic canonized-intercessor sense; carry the baseline’s mandatory explanatory-note rule forward.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ressurreição
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: reencarnação
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. NEVER reencarnação. Occurs at Luke 9:22; 14:14; 18:33; 20:27-38; 24:6, 34, 46. Luke 20:27-38’s explicit Sadducee debate about the nature of resurrection makes this the single most textually direct collision point with Brazilian Spiritist reincarnation doctrine anywhere in the curriculum.
Lord
Approved rendering: Senhor
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Senhor apenas em sentido devocional, sem reivindicação de senhorio total
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:43 (‘a mãe do meu Senhor’), 2:11, 20:41-44 (‘Davi chama-lhe Senhor’), 24:34. Must convey exclusive, supreme lordship, not a devotional title shared with spirit guides, orixás, or canonized intercessors.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Filho de Deus
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: filho de Deus no sentido genérico aplicado a todo crente
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:32, 35; 3:22; 4:3, 9, 41; 8:28; 9:35 (‘este é o meu Filho’); 22:70. Must remain unique, eternal, divine Sonship, distinct from Luke’s own use of the complementary but distinct title ‘Filho do Homem’ and from the adoptive ‘filhos de Deus’ sense applied to believers elsewhere.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: encarnação
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: encarnação como uma entre muitas vidas sucessivas de um espírito (sentido espírita)
Original: ἐπισκιάσει (Luke 1:35)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly, and EXTENDED for Luke’s infancy narrative. Luke 1:31-35 (‘o Espírito Santo virá sobre ti… o Altíssimo te cobrirá com a sua sombra’) is the Gospel’s own fullest narrative treatment of the Son’s incarnation, exposing this term far more heavily than Romans 1:3’s single mention. Every occurrence — especially 1:31-35 and 2:6-7 — must pair ‘encarnação’ with explicit ‘único e irrepetível’ (unique and unrepeatable) language distinguishing the eternal Son’s one-time assumption of human nature from the everyday Kardecist sense of a spirit’s routine encarnação across successive lives. NEVER leave unqualified.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias / Cristo
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: um espírito superior ou mais evoluído (leitura espírita de Jesus como ‘o mais evoluído dos espíritos’)
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly (baseline used ‘Messias’; Luke’s own text alternates Messias/Cristo per established convention). Occurs at Luke 2:11, 26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2, 35, 39; 24:26, 46. NEVER ‘o espírito mais evoluído’ per Kardecist Christology.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Standard throughout Luke; the risk is not the name but the doctrinal content around it (Messiah, Incarnation, Son of Man, Deity).
God
Approved rendering: Deus
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Standard and unambiguous throughout Luke. Note for pastoral awareness in Afro-Brazilian contexts: Candomblé/Umbanda orixás sometimes syncretized with Catholic saints can blur exclusive monotheism if not addressed directly.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espírito Santo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Luke’s density of Spirit-references (1:15, 35, 41, 67; 3:22; 4:1, 14, 18; 10:21; 11:13; 24:49) is unmatched in Romans, multiplying exposure to the Kardecist/Candomblé-Umbanda collision at every occurrence rather than a handful. Apply the baseline forbidden-substitution rule with heightened frequency monitoring.
Father
Approved rendering: Pai
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Central to Luke’s prayer teaching (11:2, 13) and the Gethsemane prayer (22:42); also 2:49; 6:36; 10:21-22; 15:12-32; 23:34, 46. Standard and unambiguous.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: justiça imputada
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: justiça infundida (categoria tridentina), justiça conquistada por mérito próprio ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Underlies Luke 18:9-14’s justification narrative: the tax collector receives credited righteousness, not righteousness earned by his own effort or improved by future moral progress.
Spirit Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Espírito do Senhor
Transliteration: Pneuma Kyriou
Doctrine: The Spirit-Anointed Mission of Christ
Rejected alternatives: um dos espíritos guias/mentores espirituais que descem sobre uma pessoa, orixá/entidade incorporada por um médium
Original: Πνεῦμα Κυρίου
Category: God
Built on baseline Critical term ‘Espírito Santo.’ Luke 4:18 (Isaiah 61:1 quotation, core passage). Must convey the personal, divine, Trinitarian Spirit resting uniquely and permanently on the Messiah. Gloss on first occurrence: ‘o Espírito do Senhor’ = ‘o Espírito Santo’ acting upon the Messiah, not a distinct or lesser entity.
Anoint
Approved rendering: ungir / unção
Transliteration: chriō / echrisen
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: especialmente dotado ou inspirado (leitura minimizadora), o espírito mais evoluído recebendo um dom especial (leitura espírita)
Original: χρίω / ἔχρισέν
Category: Christology
Luke 4:18. Generates the title ‘Cristo/Messias’ itself. Must not be softened to ‘specially gifted’; a unique, unrepeatable messianic consecration.
Demon
Approved rendering: demônio
Transliteration: daimonion
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: espírito perturbado/sofredor causando ‘obsessão espiritual’, tratado por caridade e desobsessão (leitura kardecista), entidade/orixá bem-vindo, incorporado por um médium (leitura Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Sin
Occurs at Luke 4:33-36, 41; 8:2, 27-33; 9:1, 42, 49; 10:17; 11:14-20; 13:32. Sharpest Luke-specific collision with Brazilian religious pluralism. Every exorcism narrative requires explicit theological framing. Route as a class to human theologian review.
Unclean Spirit
Approved rendering: espírito imundo
Transliteration: pneuma akatharton
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: mesmas alternativas rejeitadas de ‘demônio’
Original: πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον
Category: Sin
Occurs at Luke 4:33, 36; 6:18; 8:29; 9:42; 11:24. Same Critical collision class as ‘demônio.‘
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Filho do Homem
Transliteration: huios tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: Son of Man
Rejected alternatives: um ser humano genérico (‘um filho da humanidade’), fusão indevida com o título distinto ‘Filho de Deus’
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
Occurs at Luke 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56, 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22-30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7. Must not be flattened to generic humanity nor confused with the distinct Critical term ‘Filho de Deus’; both titles are complementary and both must retain full force.
Authority To Forgive Sins
Approved rendering: autoridade para perdoar pecados
Transliteration: exousian … aphienai hamartias
Doctrine: Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: autoridade para pronunciar absolvição em nome de Deus (categoria sacramental de absolvição sacerdotal)
Original: ἐξουσίαν … ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας
Category: Salvation
Luke 5:20-24. Must not be softened into a delegated priestly-absolution category; Jesus claims the prerogative itself, as God.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelho
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: mensagem de evolução moral (Kardecist ethical-progress framing)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Luke’s own verb form euangelizō (see ‘gospel_verb’ below) is more frequent than the noun in this Gospel, but the noun’s Kardec-collision risk (O Evangelho Segundo o Espiritismo) applies equally wherever curriculum material uses ‘evangelho’ to summarize Luke’s message (esp. 4:18, 43; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1).
Grace
Approved rendering: graça
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: mérito espiritual acumulado ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:30 (Gabriel to Mary), 2:40, 2:52, 4:22. Must be distinguished from Kardecism’s doctrine of merit accumulated across reincarnations, exactly as in the baseline.
Faith
Approved rendering: fé
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: convicção espírita, fé genérica em forças espirituais
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs repeatedly at points where faith is tied to saving/healing (5:20; 7:9, 50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:8, 42) — the object of faith (Christ) must remain recoverable from context, not generic belief in the spirit world.
Calling
Approved rendering: chamado
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocação (narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Relevant background for Luke’s disciple-calling narratives (5:1-11, 27-28; 9:57-62); ‘vocação’ remains reserved in Luso-Brazilian usage for a call to priesthood/religious life and must not be substituted.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: santificação
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purificação cármica ao longo de reencarnações (leitura espírita)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Relevant to Luke’s discipleship material (9:23; 14:26-33) as the Spirit’s ongoing work of holiness, not Kardecist gradual purification across incarnations.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dons espirituais
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: mediunidade (dom mediúnico espírita), dons de incorporação (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Relevant background for Luke 24:49’s ‘poder do alto,’ which anticipates the Spirit’s equipping of the church at Pentecost. Must be tied explicitly to the Holy Spirit equipping the church for ministry, never to mediumship or spirit-incorporation.
Law
Approved rendering: lei
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Relevant to Luke’s Sabbath controversies (6:1-9; 13:10-16; 14:1-5) and to 2:22-27, 39; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44. Distinguish clearly from the Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito’ whenever providence/justice language is nearby.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: obediência da fé
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: cumprimento de preceitos religiosos, disciplina moral espírita de autoaperfeiçoamento
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Doctrinally relevant background to Luke’s obedience-flowing-from-faith emphasis in the discipleship material (9:23; 14:26-33), though the exact phrase is a Pauline formula, not a Lukan one.
Covenant
Approved rendering: aliança
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:72 (Zechariah’s prophecy) and climactically at 22:20’s ‘nova aliança’ (see dedicated entry below). Convey a relational covenant bond, not a mere legal contract.
Election
Approved rendering: eleição / escolhido
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado ao longo de reencarnações
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 6:13 (choosing the Twelve), 18:7 (‘seus escolhidos’), and ironically at 23:35 (‘o Escolhido de Deus’). God’s sovereign personal choice, not status earned through accumulated merit across lifetimes.
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercessão
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: comunicação com espíritos de mortos por meio de médiuns, intercessão exclusiva dos santos e de Maria
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Not a direct Lukan-text term, but doctrinally relevant background to Luke’s prayer teaching (11:1-13; 22:32) and to Jesus’ own intercessory posture at 22:32 (‘eu orei por ti’).
Providence
Approved rendering: providência
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: lei de causa e efeito espírita (regência cármica das reencarnações)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Doctrinally relevant background for Luke’s anxiety/dependence teaching (12:6-7, 22-31) and for God’s sovereign orchestration of salvation history throughout the infancy narrative. NEVER the Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito.‘
Gospel Verb
Approved rendering: anunciar boas novas / evangelizar
Transliteration: euangelizō
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: ensinar uma ética de evolução espiritual (leitura kardecista do ‘evangelho’)
Original: εὐαγγελίζω
Category: Salvation
Occurs at Luke 1:19; 2:10; 3:18; 4:18, 43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1 — used 10 times, always tied to a concrete audience (the poor, the nations), unlike an abstract ‘evangelho’ system. Anchor every occurrence to its object/audience in the verse to block the Kardec ethical-teaching reading.
Poor
Approved rendering: pobre
Transliteration: ptōchos
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: pobre em espírito (importação indevida de Mateus 5:3), pobreza como sinal de falta de fé ou de bênção (leitura da teologia da prosperidade)
Original: πτωχός
Category: Salvation
Central structural term. Occurs at Luke 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13, 21; 16:20, 22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3. NEVER import Matthew’s ‘pobres em espírito’ into Luke 6:20’s unqualified ‘pobres.’ Flag any spiritualizing qualifier added by a translator for theologian review.
Rich
Approved rendering: rico
Transliteration: plousios
Doctrine: Rich and Poor Reversal
Rejected alternatives: riqueza como sinal do favor de Deus (teologia da prosperidade)
Original: πλούσιος
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 6:24; 12:16; 14:12; 16:1, 19, 21-22; 18:23, 25; 19:2; 21:1. Direct collision risk with Brazilian neo-Pentecostal prosperity theology; the Woes and reversal narratives (6:24-26; 16:19-31) must retain full judgment-oriented force.
Release Forgiveness
Approved rendering: remissão / libertação / perdão (conforme o contexto)
Transliteration: aphesis
Doctrine: Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: colapsar sempre em ‘liberdade’ apenas, colapsar sempre em ‘perdão’ apenas
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
Single Greek word spanning release-from-captivity AND forgiveness-of-sin; Portuguese has no single equivalent. Occurs at Luke 1:77; 3:3; 4:18-19 (core passage, both senses simultaneously active); 24:47. Where both senses are theologically active, render with a doubled phrase or footnote rather than silently choosing one.
Acceptable Year Of The Lord
Approved rendering: o ano aceitável do Senhor / o ano da graça do Senhor
Transliteration: eniautos Kyriou dektos
Doctrine: The Jubilee / Acceptable Year of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: ano de bênção financeira/prosperidade material (leitura da teologia da prosperidade)
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Kingdom
Luke 4:19 (core passage). No corresponding Jubilee (Leviticus 25) concept in general Brazilian cultural literacy. Mandatory explanatory footnote on first occurrence; acutely vulnerable to prosperity-gospel reframing as a promise of financial breakthrough. Route as a class with ‘mammon’ for prosperity-theology review.
Mercy
Approved rendering: misericórdia
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Mercy
Rejected alternatives: lei de causa e efeito espírita que rege a correção gradual do espírito
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
Central refrain of the Magnificat and Benedictus (1:50, 54, 58, 72, 78) and elsewhere (6:36; 10:37; 18:38-39). Must be God’s personal, covenantal compassion and free initiative, not the impersonal Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito.‘
Savior
Approved rendering: Salvador
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: ajudante ou curador genérico, um dos espíritos evoluídos que auxiliam a evolução de outros (leitura espírita)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
Occurs at Luke 1:47 and climactically at 2:11. Must be reserved exclusively for God/Jesus; always co-occur with ‘Jesus’ or ‘Cristo’ in the same clause, never stand alone as a title, given collision with the Brazilian place-name Salvador (Bahia).
Redemption
Approved rendering: redenção
Transliteration: lytrōsis / apolytrōsis
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: reparação cármica (redenção autoconquistada ao longo de reencarnações), sentido secular diluído (redenção financeira, ‘arco de redenção’ pessoal)
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
Occurs at Luke 1:68; 2:38; 21:28; 24:21. Must retain its costly, Christ-accomplished sense, resisting secular dilution and Kardecist ‘reparação cármica.‘
Repentance
Approved rendering: arrependimento / arrepender-se
Transliteration: metanoia / metanoeō
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: confissão sacramental ritual apenas, reparação espírita (autocorreção gradual do espírito ao longo de reencarnações)
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Sin
Occurs at Luke 3:3, 8; 5:32; 13:3, 5; 15:7, 10; 17:3-4; 24:47. Must be taught as a decisive turning met by God’s forgiveness in this life, not narrowed to Catholic sacramental confissão nor conflated with Kardecist self-correction across lifetimes.
Sinner
Approved rendering: pecador
Transliteration: hamartōlos
Doctrine: Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: categoria social neutra de ‘excluído’, esvaziada de peso moral
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Occurs at Luke 5:8, 30, 32; 6:32-34; 7:34, 37, 39; 15:1-2, 7, 10; 18:13; 19:7. Must retain moral seriousness while preserving Jesus’ deliberate, scandalous association with those so labeled.
Blessed
Approved rendering: bem-aventurado
Transliteration: makarios
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: reservado apenas a uma elite espiritual (leitura influenciada pela categoria católica de ‘beato’)
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
Occurs at Luke 1:45; 6:20-22; 7:23; 10:23; 11:27-28; 12:37-38, 43; 14:14-15; 23:29. Catholic hagiographical resonance (‘beato,’ beatification) risks implying these blessings apply only to a spiritual elite rather than, as Luke insists, directly to the economically/socially poor.
Love
Approved rendering: amor / amar
Transliteration: agapē / agapaō
Doctrine: Love of Neighbor and Enemy
Rejected alternatives: Lei do Amor espírita (princípio ético-evolutivo impessoal que rege o progresso do espírito através de encarnações)
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 6:27, 32, 35; 7:42, 47; 10:27; 11:42-43. Must be the free, personal, self-giving character and command of a personal God, distinct from Kardecism’s impersonal ‘Lei do Amor.‘
Devil
Approved rendering: diabo
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: negação da existência de um diabo pessoal, com a aflição reinterpretada como ‘obsessão’ por espíritos ignorantes (leitura kardecista)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Sin
Occurs at Luke 4:2-13 (core-passage chapter); 8:12. Kardecism denies a personal, malevolent devil, reframing affliction as ‘obsessão’ by ignorant discarnate spirits; requires explicit theological distinction.
Save Heal
Approved rendering: salvar / curar (conforme o contexto)
Transliteration: sōzō
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: achatamento sempre em ‘curar’ apenas, perdendo o vínculo com a salvação escatológica
Original: σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Occurs at Luke 6:9; 7:50; 8:12, 36, 48, 50; 9:24; 17:19; 18:42; 19:10; 23:35, 37, 39. A single Greek verb spans physical healing and eternal salvation; translators must judge per-occurrence and supply a standing teaching note preserving the link between bodily wholeness and the kingdom’s saving arrival.
Deny Oneself
Approved rendering: negar-se a si mesmo
Transliteration: aparneomai heauton
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: autonegação ascética de prazeres apenas
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν
Category: Sanctification
Luke 9:23. Must not be softened into ascetic self-denial of pleasures; the force is total renunciation of self-rule in favor of following Christ.
Cross
Approved rendering: cruz
Transliteration: stauros
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: símbolo meramente decorativo/devocional
Original: σταυρός
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 9:23; 14:27; 23:26. Widely familiar in Brazilian culture only as jewelry/décor/tattoo; must recover its original scandalous weight as an instrument of shameful execution willingly embraced.
Prayer
Approved rendering: oração / orar
Transliteration: proseuchē / proseuchomai
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: comunicação mediúnica com espíritos guias, orixás ou falecidos, intercessão exclusiva por meio de Maria e dos santos canonizados
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Faith
Occurs extensively (1:13; 3:21; 5:16; 6:12, 28; 9:18, 28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1, 10-11; 19:46; 20:47; 21:36; 22:32, 40-46). Must be taught as direct, personal address to God the Father through Christ, without required intermediary, explicitly distinguished from Catholic prayer to Mary/saints and Kardecist/Umbanda mediumistic communication.
Banquet
Approved rendering: banquete / ceia
Transliteration: deipnon / dochē
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: espiritualização genérica (‘todos são bem-vindos’) que perde os marcadores sociais específicos
Original: δεῖπνον / δοχή
Category: Kingdom
Luke 14:12-24. Must retain the full, socially scandalous inclusiveness of the Great Banquet’s guest list (poor, crippled, lame, blind).
Hate Priority Idiom
Approved rendering: amar menos [alguém] em comparação com [Cristo]
Transliteration: miseō
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: odiar (tradução literal, que produz um mandamento falso e prejudicial)
Original: μισέω
Category: Sanctification
Luke 14:26. Semitic comparative-priority hyperbole; a literal ‘odiar’ rendering would produce a false, harmful command. Requires idiomatic comparative-priority phrasing with a mandatory explanatory footnote.
Lost
Approved rendering: perdido
Transliteration: apollymi / apolōlos
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: progresso espiritual autodirigido ao longo de várias vidas (leitura espírita)
Original: ἀπόλλυμι / ἀπολωλός
Category: Sin
Occurs at Luke 15:4, 6, 8-9, 17, 24, 32; 19:10. Must retain genuine peril and the seeker’s initiative — the lost are found by another’s initiative, not their own gradual self-correction across lifetimes.
Hades
Approved rendering: Hades / inferno (conforme o contexto)
Transliteration: Hadēs
Doctrine: Paradise and the Afterlife
Rejected alternatives: purgatório católico, colônias/planos espirituais kardecistas, ‘o além’ folclórico genérico
Original: Ἅδης
Category: Eschatology
Occurs at Luke 10:15; 16:23. Must be distinguished from the Catholic purgatório, the Kardecist graduated ‘colônias/planos espirituais,’ and generic folk notions of ‘o além.‘
Crucify
Approved rendering: crucificar
Transliteration: stauroō
Doctrine: The Historical Crucifixion
Original: σταυρόω
Category: Christology
Occurs at Luke 23:21, 23, 33; 24:7, 20. Must be preserved as a real, historical, physically decisive death; any softening weakens the downstream Critical resurrection doctrine.
Paradise
Approved rendering: paraíso
Transliteration: paradeisos
Doctrine: Paradise and the Afterlife
Rejected alternatives: colônias/planos espirituais kardecistas rumo a uma nova reencarnação, ‘o além’ folclórico genérico sem comunhão pessoal com Cristo
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
Luke 23:43. Must be distinguished from the Kardecist afterlife cosmology of graduated ‘colônias/planos espirituais’ en route to further reincarnation; specifically means immediate, conscious, personal presence with Jesus.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: nova aliança
Transliteration: kainē diathēkē
Doctrine: The New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: leitura supersessionista de abolição total da aliança antiga
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Luke 22:20. Built on baseline High-risk ‘aliança’; must be taught in continuity with, not replacement of, God’s covenant faithfulness to Israel established in Luke’s infancy narratives.
Body Blood
Approved rendering: corpo / sangue
Transliteration: sōma / haima
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Sanctification
Luke 22:19-20. Brazil’s religious landscape spans divergent Lord’s Supper doctrines (Catholic transubstantiation, Protestant real-presence, Baptist/Pentecostal symbolic-memorial); wording follows established liturgical convention across traditions but must be flagged for careful doctrinal framing without adjudicating the sacramental debate through translation.
Light To The Nations
Approved rendering: luz para revelação aos gentios
Transliteration: phōs eis apokalypsin ethnōn
Doctrine: Unity of Jew and Gentile
Rejected alternatives: leitura estreitada exclusivamente centrada em Israel
Original: φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν
Category: Church
Luke 2:32. Foundational text for Luke’s universal-mission doctrine; must retain unqualified universal scope.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: chamado
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic register)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Relevant to Luke 5:32 (‘não vim chamar justos, mas pecadores ao arrependimento’) and the calling of the Twelve (6:13).
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro em sentido ritual
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Relevant to the Holy Spirit’s name and to holiness-of-life teaching implicit throughout Luke’s discipleship material.
Adoption
Approved rendering: adoção
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Doctrinally relevant background to Luke’s Father/Abba prayer teaching (11:2, 13; 22:42) though the term itself does not occur in Luke’s text.
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidade emocional
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:79; 2:14; 7:50; 8:48; 19:38, 42; 24:36. Relational peace with God through Christ, not merely inner calm.
Church
Approved rendering: igreja
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: a Igreja (institutional-hierarchical sense)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Luke’s Gospel narrates the community of disciples that becomes the church in Acts; distinguish from the capitalized institutional sense.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: reino de Deus
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Luke’s single most frequent theological phrase (4:43; 6:20; 8:1, 10; 9:2, 60; 10:9-11; 11:20; 13:18-29; 17:20-21; 18:16-29; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16-18; 23:42). See ‘kingdom_present_future_amidst’ entry below for the acute 17:21 translation ruling.
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: erro a ser corrigido em vidas futuras (leitura espírita)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 11:4; 15:7-10; 24:47. Moral transgression requiring atonement in this life, not a correctable ‘erro’ worked off across future incarnations.
Glory
Approved rendering: glória
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 2:9, 14, 32; 9:31-32; 21:27; 24:26.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: poder de Deus
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Distinguish from ‘autoridade’ (exousia, see below): Luke’s dynamis is raw capability (4:14, 36; 5:17; 6:19; 8:46; 9:1; 24:49), exousia is rightful delegated right-to-act.
Mission
Approved rendering: missão
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 9:1-6 (the Twelve), 10:1-20 (the Seventy), 24:47 (the Great Commission).
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: Ἀββά
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Not explicit in Luke’s Greek text but relevant background for the ‘Pai’ teaching of 11:2 and 22:42; reserve the transliterated ‘Abba, Pai’ pairing only for passages that explicitly use the Aramaic term elsewhere in the curriculum, not retrofitted onto every Lukan ‘Pai.‘
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: descendência de Davi
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Relevant to Luke 1:27, 32, 69; 3:23-38 (genealogy); 20:41-44.
Captive
Approved rendering: cativo
Transliteration: aichmalōtos
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: metáfora puramente espiritual, sem referência social real
Original: αἰχμάλωτος
Category: Salvation
Luke 4:18 (core passage). Must retain literal, social-liberation force alongside any spiritual-bondage application.
Today Fulfillment
Approved rendering: hoje
Transliteration: sēmeron
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: nestes dias (vague temporal softening)
Original: σήμερον
Category: Kingdom
Structural motif of inaugurated fulfillment. Occurs at Luke 2:11; 4:21 (core passage); 19:9; 23:43. Must remain a specific present-tense marker, never softened.
Fulfilled
Approved rendering: cumprir-se / está cumprida
Transliteration: plēroō / peplērōtai
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: πληρόω / πεπλήρωται
Category: Covenant
Occurs at Luke 1:20; 4:21 (core passage); 21:24; 24:44. Requires Old Testament literacy support, particularly the Isaiah 61/Jubilee background of 4:18-19.
Baptism
Approved rendering: batismo
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: Baptism
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 3:3, 7, 12, 16, 21; 7:29; 12:50. Standard, stable term; a once-enacted sign of repentance, not a repeatable purification rite.
Table Fellowship
Approved rendering: comer à mesa com / reclinar-se à mesa com
Transliteration: synanakeimai
Doctrine: Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: συνανάκειμαι
Category: Church
Occurs at Luke 5:29; 7:36-39; 14:15; 15:2; 22:14. Requires standing cultural-background notes on ancient reclining-banquet honor/shame customs, reusable across all occurrences.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: publicano
Transliteration: telōnēs
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: τελώνης
Category: Church
Occurs at Luke 3:12; 5:27, 29-30; 7:29, 34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2. Needs accompanying notes on the strong first-century social stigma.
Woe
Approved rendering: ai de
Transliteration: ouai
Doctrine: Rich and Poor Reversal
Rejected alternatives: lamento sentimental sem força de juízo
Original: οὐαί
Category: Kingdom
Occurs at Luke 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52; 17:1; 21:23; 22:22. Must retain full pronounced-judgment force.
Compassion
Approved rendering: compadecer-se / mover-se de compaixão
Transliteration: splanchnizomai
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion
Rejected alternatives: sentir pena (pena passiva sem ação)
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 7:13; 10:33; 15:20. Must convey visceral, active compassion leading to concrete action, not passive pity.
Authority
Approved rendering: autoridade
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
Occurs at Luke 4:32, 36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 20:2, 8, 20. Distinguish consistently from ‘poder de Deus’ (dynamis): exousia denotes rightful, delegated authority, important for the ch. 20 disputes over the source of Jesus’ authority.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: palavra de Deus
Transliteration: logos tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
Occurs at Luke 5:1; 8:11, 21; 11:28. Standard vocabulary; ties proclamation to fruitfulness.
Disciple
Approved rendering: discípulo
Transliteration: mathētēs
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: discípulo de um médium ou guia espiritual (categoria estruturalmente semelhante mas distinta)
Original: μαθητής
Category: Sanctification
Occurs extensively (5:30, 33; 6:1-40; 9:1-54; 14:26-33; 22:11-45; 24:9-13). Always anchor as ‘discípulo de Jesus/Cristo’ in doctrinally load-bearing sentences rather than bare ‘discípulo.‘
Follow
Approved rendering: seguir
Transliteration: akoloutheō
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 5:11, 27-28; 9:23, 57-62; 18:22, 28, 43. Must retain weight of costly, total commitment, not casual admiration.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: próximo
Transliteration: plēsion
Doctrine: Love of Neighbor and Enemy
Original: πλησίον
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 10:27, 29, 36. Theological weight lies entirely in the Good Samaritan’s radical redefinition across ethnic/religious lines; pair with notes on Brazil’s own social/racial stratification history.
Beelzebul
Approved rendering: Belzebu
Transliteration: Beelzeboul
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Deliverance
Original: Βεελζεβούλ
Category: Sin
Occurs at Luke 11:15, 18-19. Transliterated proper name, standard across Portuguese Bible traditions; pairs with the ‘demônio’ Critical-risk discussion.
Finger Of God
Approved rendering: dedo de Deus
Transliteration: daktylos theou
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: substituição por idioma português ‘dinâmico equivalente’ sem base bíblica
Original: δάκτυλος θεοῦ
Category: God
Luke 11:20. Requires a translator’s note connecting it explicitly to the Spirit’s power (11:13); do not substitute a natural-sounding Portuguese idiom, since none carries equivalent theological weight.
Anxious
Approved rendering: preocupar-se / andar ansioso
Transliteration: merimnaō
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: μεριμνάω
Category: Faith
Occurs at Luke 10:41; 12:11, 22-31; 21:34. Prefer ‘preocupar-se com’ for the theological sense; reserve ‘ansioso’ for contexts emphasizing physical/emotional weight.
Watchful
Approved rendering: vigiar
Transliteration: grēgoreō
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: γρηγορέω
Category: Eschatology
Occurs at Luke 12:37; 21:36. Standard vocabulary.
Joy
Approved rendering: alegria
Transliteration: chara
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: χαρά
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 1:14; 2:10; 6:23; 8:13; 10:17; 15:7, 10, 32; 19:6; 24:41, 52. Theological weight is in linking joy specifically to repentance/restoration.
Mammon
Approved rendering: mamom
Transliteration: mamōnas
Doctrine: Mammon and the Danger of Wealth
Rejected alternatives: dinheiro (sinônimo neutro que perde a força personificada)
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 16:9, 11, 13. Must not be domesticated into a soft synonym for ‘dinheiro,’ especially given Brazil’s prosperity-theology context; retain its personified, rival-master force.
Humble Exalt
Approved rendering: humilde / humilhar-se, exaltar
Transliteration: tapeinos/tapeinoō, hypsoō
Doctrine: Humility and Exaltation
Original: ταπεινός/ταπεινόω, ὑψόω
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 1:52; 14:11; 18:14. Ties directly to the justification and kingdom-reversal doctrines; retain God’s own reversal of status, not a moral platitude.
Open Scriptures
Approved rendering: abrir(-lhes) as Escrituras
Transliteration: dianoigō
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
Original: διανοίγω (τὰς γραφάς)
Category: Covenant
Occurs at Luke 24:27, 32, 45. Closes the fulfillment arc opened in the core passage (4:21).
Power From On High
Approved rendering: poder do alto
Transliteration: dynamis ex hypsous
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: força impessoal genérica desvinculada do Espírito
Original: δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους
Category: God
Luke 24:49. Built on baseline Medium-risk ‘poder de Deus’; explicit apposition on first teaching occurrence: ‘poder do alto, o Espírito Santo,’ ties the Gospel’s opening and closing Spirit references into one arc.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: sábado
Transliteration: sabbaton
Doctrine: Sabbath Observance
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
Occurs at Luke 4:16, 31 (core passage); 6:1-9; 13:10-16; 14:1-5; 23:54, 56. Mild resonance with Seventh-day Adventist ‘Sábado’ observance debates in Brazil, but no doctrinal distortion if kept as a simple time-marker.
Temptation
Approved rendering: tentação / tentar
Transliteration: peirasmos / peirazō
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: prova moralmente neutra (‘teste por ordálio’)
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 4:1-13 (core-passage chapter); 22:40, 46. Must retain the sense of a genuine moral test.
Goodwill
Approved rendering: boa vontade / benevolência
Transliteration: eudokia
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: sentimentalismo genérico desvinculado do sujeito divino
Original: εὐδοκία
Category: God
Luke 2:14 (‘paz, boa vontade para os homens’). Keep as God’s initiating favor, not a vague sentimental goodwill.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apóstolo
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ação de graças
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs implicitly at Luke 17:16 (the healed Samaritan leper) and 18:11 (contrasted with the Pharisee’s self-congratulation).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: companheirismo
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: comunhão dos santos (specific Catholic liturgical formula)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Relevant to Luke’s table-fellowship and community-of-disciples material; avoid conflating with the specific creedal phrase.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: gentios
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: pagãos (pejorative)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Individually low-risk, but Luke 2:32 (‘luz para revelação aos gentios’) and 24:47 make the term’s use in universal-mission statements High doctrinal weight — see ‘light_to_the_nations’ entry below.
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: médium (channeler of spirit messages)
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. NEVER ‘médium.’ Occurs at Luke 1:76; 4:17, 24 (Isaiah is named the prophet whose scroll Jesus reads); 7:16, 26; 24:19, 27.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: psicografia (spirit messages transcribed through mediums)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. NEVER ‘psicografia.’ Relevant to Luke 1:2 (‘the prophet Isaiah’), 4:21, 24:44.
David
Approved rendering: Davi
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:27, 32, 69; 2:4, 11; 3:31; 18:38-39; 20:41-44.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:16, 54, 68, 80; 2:25, 32, 34; 24:21.
Exhort
Approved rendering: exortar
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Relevant to Luke’s teaching and encouragement material throughout.
Physician
Approved rendering: médico
Transliteration: iatros
Doctrine: Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἰατρός
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at Luke 5:31; 8:43. Standard vocabulary; theological force is in the metaphor’s application to sinners.
Parable
Approved rendering: parábola
Transliteration: parabolē
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
Luke’s primary teaching mode (5:36; 6:39; 8:4-15; 12:16-21; 13:6-9, 18-21; 14:7-24; 15:3-32; 18:1-14; 19:11-27; 20:9-19; 21:29-33). Standard, stable term.
Good Portion
Approved rendering: a boa parte
Transliteration: meris agathē
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: μερὶς ἀγαθή
Category: Sanctification
Luke 10:42 (Mary’s choice commended over Martha’s activity). Standard vocabulary.
Leper
Approved rendering: leproso
Transliteration: lepros
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: λεπρός
Category: Church
Occurs at Luke 5:12; 7:22; 17:12. Standard vocabulary; pair with ritual-exclusion background notes.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: sinagoga
Transliteration: synagōgē
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Church
Occurs at Luke 4:16, 20, 28, 33, 38, 44 (core passage setting); 6:6; 7:5; 8:41; 13:10. Stable loanword, no rival religious referent in Brazil.
Genealogy
Approved rendering: genealogia
Transliteration: genealogia
Doctrine: Genealogy and Universal Humanity
Original: γενεαλογία
Category: Covenant
Luke 3:23-38, tracing Jesus’ lineage to Adam (‘filho de Adão… Filho de Deus’), grounding his identity in the whole human family, not only the Jewish patriarchs.
Centurion
Approved rendering: centurião
Transliteration: hekatontarchēs
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἑκατοντάρχης
Category: Church
Luke 7:1-10. A Gentile officer’s faith previews the Gentile mission; pair with teaching notes on its outsider significance.
Consolation
Approved rendering: consolação
Transliteration: paraklēsis
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Eschatology
Luke 2:25 (Simeon ‘esperando a consolação de Israel’). Standard vocabulary, minimal ambiguity.
Referenced passages