Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Jude
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of Jude (its single chapter, vv. 1–25). Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [Baseline TM] and their recorded Portuguese rendering is reused exactly, per the hard rule that established renderings must not be altered. New terms unique to Jude’s vocabulary are marked [New] and are proposed here for addition to the Language Package’s translation memory, risk-tiered using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Risk tier definitions (identical to baseline): Critical = doctrine-altering, human theologian review required every occurrence; High = significant confusion/syncretism risk, human theologian review required; Medium = clarity reduced but meaning preserved, native speaker review recommended; Low = minor imprecision risk, automated review sufficient.
A. Salvation, Faith, and Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| salvation | σωτηρία | salvação | Critical | [Baseline TM] | Contending for the Faith | Jude 1:3, “common salvation.” Never “evolução espiritual.” |
| faith | πίστις | fé | High | [Baseline TM] | Contending for the Faith | Jude 1:3, 1:20 (“most holy faith”). Body of apostolic doctrine, not generic belief. |
| contend (for the faith) | ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι | pelejar (lutar arduamente) pela fé | High | [New] | Contending for the Faith | Jude 1:3. Rejected: “batalhar” alone (risks conflation with Brazilian Pentecostal “guerra espiritual” against demons); “esforçar-se” (too weak, loses athletic-contest force). |
| once for all delivered | ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ | entregue uma vez para sempre | Critical | [New] | Contending for the Faith | Jude 1:3. The doctrinal anchor of this section’s title doctrine. Rejected: any rendering implying an open, developing, or ongoing deposit — directly confronts Kardecist psicografia’s claim of continuing revelation. |
| saints | ἅγιοι | santos | Critical | [Baseline TM] | Contending for the Faith / Sainthood | Jude 1:3. Requires the same explanatory note as Romans 1:7: applies to every believer, not a canonized elite. |
| Master/Sovereign | δεσπότης | Soberano | Critical (combined w/ “Senhor”) | [New] | Lordship of Christ | Jude 1:4, paired “único Soberano e Senhor.” Rejected: collapsing into “Senhor” alone, which loses the absolute-ownership nuance. |
| Lord | κύριος | Senhor | Critical | [Baseline TM] | Lordship of Christ | Multiple occurrences (1:4, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 25). Exclusive, supreme lordship. |
| God | θεός | Deus | Critical | [Baseline TM] | Deity | Jude 1:1, 4, 21, 23, 25. |
| Jesus Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | Jesus Cristo | Critical | [Baseline TM] | Christology | Throughout. |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον | Espírito Santo | Critical | [Baseline TM] | Sanctification / Spiritual Life | Jude 1:19 (absence in false teachers), 1:20 (praying in the Spirit). Never “espíritos guias” or orixás. |
| Father | Πατήρ | Pai | Critical | [Baseline TM] | Deity | Jude 1:1. |
| grace | χάρις | graça | High | [Baseline TM] | Grace vs. Merit | Jude 1:4, perverted into license by false teachers. |
| apostles | ἀπόστολοι | apóstolos | Low | [Baseline TM] | Apostleship / Inspiration | Jude 1:17. |
| called | κλητοί | chamado | High | [Baseline TM] | Divine Calling | Jude 1:1. |
| peace | εἰρήνη | paz | Medium | [Baseline TM] | Peace with God | Jude 1:2. |
| holy (superlative: most holy faith) | ἁγιωτάτῃ | santíssima (fé) | Medium | [New, using Baseline TM root “santo”] | Contending for the Faith | Jude 1:20. Note secondary risk: “Santíssima” evokes specific Catholic liturgical titles; clarify it modifies “faith” (apostolic doctrine), not a devotional object. |
| mercy | ἔλεος | misericórdia | High | [New] | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Jude 1:2, 21, 22, 23. Parallel risk to baseline’s “grace”: must exclude any impersonal, karma-like “lei de causa e efeito” framing of consequence and rescue. |
| eternal life | ζωὴν αἰώνιον | vida eterna | Medium | [New] | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Jude 1:21. Must be distinguished from an unending cycle of reincarnated lives — unending life, not unending lives. |
| wavering / doubting | διακρινόμενοι | os que vacilam / os que estão em dúvida | Medium + text-critical flag | [New] | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Jude 1:22. Known textual variant between critical text and the tradition behind classic Almeida; flag for reviewer. |
| snatching (from the fire) | ἁρπάζοντες | arrebatando(-os) | Medium-High | [New] | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Jude 1:23. Retain force/urgency; do not flatten to passive “ajudar.” |
| defiled garment | ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα | veste/roupa contaminada pela carne | Low-Medium | [New] | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Jude 1:23. |
B. Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ungodly | ἀσεβεῖς / ἀσέβεια | ímpios / impiedade | High | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:4, 15 (x3), 18. Must retain defiant anti-God force, not merely “bad people.” Consistent root required across all occurrences. |
| judgment (verdict/process) | κρίμα / κρίσις | juízo | High | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:4, 6, 9, 15. Must never be read through Kardecist “lei de causa e efeito”; God’s personal judicial verdict, not impersonal karma. |
| eternal fire / eternal chains | πυρὸς αἰωνίου / δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις | fogo eterno / prisões eternas | Critical | [New] | Judgment / OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:6, 7, 13. Direct, high-stakes collision with Kardecism’s denial of eternal punishment; must never be softened toward a temporary purifying state (which would align, ironically, with both Catholic purgatory and Kardecist purification narratives — both excluded). |
| slipped in secretly | παρεισέδυσαν | infiltraram-se secretamente | Medium | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:4. Covert insider infiltration. |
| sensuality / licentiousness | ἀσέλγεια | lascívia | Medium | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:4. |
| denying (Christ) | ἀρνούμενοι | negando | Medium | [New] | Lordship of Christ | Jude 1:4. |
| lordship/authority (rejected) | κυριότης | senhorio | High | [New] | Lordship of Christ | Jude 1:8. Ties directly to the Critical Lordship doctrine; not mere “church leadership.” |
| blaspheme | βλασφημοῦσιν | blasfemam | Medium | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:8, 10. |
| devil | διάβολος | diabo | High | [New] | Spiritual Realities | Jude 1:9. Kardecism denies a personal devil; Umbanda/Candomblé’s Exu is sometimes popularly (and inaccurately) conflated with “the devil.” Must affirm a real, personal, fallen being. |
| archangel Michael | Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος | Miguel, o arcanjo | Low (name) / Medium (context) | [New] | OT/Extra-biblical Types | Jude 1:9. Note non-canonical source tradition (Assumption of Moses); requires canonicity teaching note. |
| irrational creatures | ἄλογα ζῷα | animais irracionais | Low | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:10. |
| woe | οὐαί | Ai [deles] | Low | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:11. |
| way of Cain / error of Balaam / rebellion of Korah | ὁδός Κάϊν / πλάνη Βαλαάμ / ἀντιλογία Κόρε | caminho de Caim / erro de Balaão / rebelião de Coré | Medium | [New] | OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:11. Requires OT background (Genesis 4; Numbers 16, 22–24) many readers lack. |
| dreaming / dreamers | ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι | levados por sonhos / sonhadores | High | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:8. Distinct Brazilian risk: charismatic and Kardecist/Umbanda culture both highly value dreams/visions as revelatory; must clarify these are self-serving fantasies, not legitimate revelation. |
| defile (the flesh) | μιαίνουσιν (σάρκα) | contaminam (a carne) | Medium | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:8. “Carne” = corruptible conduct/nature, not matter-as-evil. |
| grumblers / malcontents | γογγυσταί / μεμψίμοιροι | murmuradores / queixosos | Low-Medium | [New] | OT Warnings as Types (echo) | Jude 1:16. Deliberate echo of Israel’s wilderness grumbling (v. 5). |
| lusts / desires | ἐπιθυμίαι | concupiscências (desejos) | Medium | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:16, 18. |
| arrogant words / flattery | ὑπέρογκα / θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα | palavras soberbas / adulação visando vantagem | Low-Medium | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:16. |
| mockers / scoffers | ἐμπαῖκται | escarnecedores | Low-Medium | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:18. |
| causing divisions | ἀποδιορίζοντες | os que causam divisões | Medium | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:19. Relevant to Brazil’s fragmented Evangelical/Pentecostal landscape. |
| worldly / soulish / without the Spirit | ψυχικοί | sensuais (expand: “guiados apenas pela natureza humana, sem o Espírito”) | Critical | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:19. FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never render as “psíquicos.” This word is a false cognate collision structurally identical to the baseline’s “encarnação”/reincarnation risk — “psíquico” in Brazilian usage evokes Kardecist mediumistic/paranormal perceptive ability, the opposite of Jude’s meaning (total absence of the Spirit). Must be added to the forbidden-substitution list with the same absolute force as “reencarnação.” |
| harsh things / convict | σκληρῶν / ἐλέγξαι | duras palavras / condenar (convencer) | High | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:15. Part of the fivefold ἀσέβ- climax; requires unbroken “ímpio/impiedade” consistency. |
C. Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the people (Israel/Exodus) | λαός | o povo | Medium | [New] | OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:5. Requires supplied Exodus/wilderness background; same class of risk as baseline’s “davidic_covenant.” |
| believed / did not believe | (μὴ) πιστεύσαντες | (não) creram | High | [Baseline TM root: fé/crer] | OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:5. Causal link to destruction must not be softened. |
| destroyed | ἀπώλεσεν | destruiu | High | [New] | OT Warnings as Types / Judgment | Jude 1:5. Do not soften to “castigou” (punished); ἀπόλλυμι denotes final destruction. |
| angels | ἄγγελοι | anjos | Medium | [New] | OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:6. Distinguish from Kardecist “espíritos superiores/guias” and Candomblé/Umbanda spirit-guide hierarchies — biblical angels are a fixed created order under judgment, not self-evolving spirits. |
| kept/keep/guard (τηρέω word-family) | τηρέω (τετηρημένοις, τετήρηκεν, τετήρηται, τηρήσατε) / φυλάξαι | guardar / guardados / reservados | High (structural) | [New] | Kept by God / OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:1, 6, 13, 21, 24. Central ironic wordplay (rebel angels not “keeping” their place vs. believers “kept” by God) is destroyed if Portuguese renderings are inconsistent. Mandates a single-root translation strategy across all five verses. |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα | Sodoma e Gomorra | Low (name) / Medium (typology) | [New] | OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:7. Requires supplied Genesis 19 background. |
| sexual immorality / unnatural relations | ἐκπορνεύσασαι / σαρκὸς ἑτέρας | prostituição / relações contra a natureza | Medium | [New] | OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:7. |
| example (of judgment) | δεῖγμα | exemplo | Low | [New] | OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:7. |
| Moses | Μωϋσῆς | Moisés | Low | [Baseline-style established form] | OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:9. Established Portuguese Bible name form per baseline instructions. |
| Enoch / seventh from Adam | Ἐνώχ / Ἀδάμ | Enoque / Adão | Low (name) / Medium (source) | [New] | OT Warnings as Types / Prophecy | Jude 1:14. Quotation source (1 Enoch) is non-canonical; canonicity teaching note required. |
| prophesied | προεφήτευσεν | profetizou | Medium (elevated from baseline Low) | [Baseline TM root] | Inspiration of Scripture | Jude 1:14. Elevated risk specific to this verse due to the extra-biblical source, not the word itself. |
| Cain, Balaam, Korah | Κάϊν, Βαλαάμ, Κόρε | Caim, Balaão, Coré | Low | [New] | OT Warnings as Types | Jude 1:11. Established Portuguese Bible proper-name forms. |
D. Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
(See Section A above for mercy, eternal life, wavering, snatching, defiled garment — grouped there to keep salvation-adjacent terms together. No additional terms in this section beyond those already listed.)
E. Kept by God and Presented Blameless
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| loved (by the Father) | ἠγαπημένοις | amados | Low | [New] | Kept by God | Jude 1:1. |
| kept/keep/guard | τηρέω family / φυλάξαι | guardar / guardados / reservados | High | [New] | Kept by God (see Section C for full note) | Jude 1:1, 6, 13, 21, 24. |
| without stumbling | ἀπταίστους | sem tropeço | Medium | [New] | Kept by God | Jude 1:24. |
| present (you) blameless | στῆσαι … ἀμώμους | apresentar(-vos) irrepreensíveis | High | [New] | Kept by God | Jude 1:24. God’s own presenting/perfecting action, not self-achieved sinlessness — same risk class as baseline’s justification/sanctification vs. Tridentine infused-merit and Kardecist self-earned progress. |
| great joy / exultation | ἀγαλλιάσει | grande alegria | Low | [New] | Kept by God / Doxology | Jude 1:24. |
| glory | δόξα | glória | Medium | [Baseline TM] | Kept by God / Doxology | Jude 1:24, 25. Note distinct concrete sense at 1:8 (“glorious ones” = angelic beings) vs. abstract sense elsewhere — do not conflate. |
F. Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| able (powerful) | δυνάμενος | poderoso [para] | Medium | [New, cf. Baseline TM “poder de Deus”] | Doxology | Jude 1:24. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | Salvador | High | [New] | Doxology | Jude 1:25. Exclusive divine saving agency through Christ alone; excludes competing mediating figures (saints/Mary as sources rather than intercessors; Kardecist “espíritos superiores”; Umbanda/Candomblé orixás as sources of deliverance). “Único” (only) must never be dropped. |
| majesty | μεγαλωσύνη | majestade | Low-Medium | [New] | Doxology | Jude 1:25. |
| dominion | κράτος | domínio | Low-Medium | [New] | Doxology | Jude 1:25. Keep lexically distinct from δύναμις/“poder de Deus” (Baseline TM), a separate Greek term. |
| authority | ἐξουσία | autoridade | Low-Medium | [New] | Doxology | Jude 1:25. |
| Amen | ἀμήν | Amém | Low | [Baseline-style established transliteration] | Doxology | Jude 1:25. |
| love feasts | ἀγάπαι | ágapes | Low (Medium background) | [New] | Christian Fellowship (cf. Baseline TM “companheirismo”) | Jude 1:12. Technical term for early-church communal meal; distinguish from unrelated communal-meal ritual practices in Afro-Brazilian traditions. |
| hidden reefs / blemishes | σπιλάδες | escolhos (alt. manchas) | Medium | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:12. Genuine lexical ambiguity; record both readings. |
| fruitless / uprooted | ἄκαρπα / ἐκριζωθέντα | sem fruto / arrancadas pela raiz | Low | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:12. |
| wandering stars | ἀστέρες πλανῆται | estrelas errantes | Low-Medium | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:13. Echoes πλάνη (“error”) at v. 11. |
| shame | αἰσχύνας | vergonhas | Low | [New] | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:13. |
Summary of New Forbidden Substitutions (to be added to the Language Package alongside the existing baseline list)
| Concept | NEVER use | ALWAYS use instead | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| ψυχικοί (“worldly/soulish/without the Spirit”) | “psíquicos" | "sensuais” / “guiados apenas pela natureza humana, sem o Espírito” | False-cognate collision with Kardecist/parapsychological “psychic” ability claims; would invert the term’s actual meaning. |
| πυρὸς αἰωνίου / δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις (“eternal fire/chains”) | any framing implying a temporary or purifying state | ”fogo eterno” / “prisões eternas” with unqualified finality | Kardecism denies eternal punishment; softening this collapses Jude’s central judgment doctrine into a Spiritist-compatible purification narrative. |
| ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ (“once for all delivered”) | “continuamente revelada” or any open/ongoing-revelation framing | ”entregue uma vez para sempre” | Confronts Kardecist psicografia’s claim of continuing revelation and any drift toward an ever-developing doctrinal deposit. |
| διάβολος (“the devil”) | a merely symbolic reading of evil, or conflation with Exu | ”o diabo” as a real, personal, fallen being | Kardecism denies a personal devil; Afro-Brazilian traditions have a distinct, non-equivalent figure (Exu) sometimes popularly but inaccurately conflated with “the devil.” |
Risk summary for this glossary: Critical = 6 (salvação, entregue uma vez para sempre, santos, Senhor/Soberano combined, Deus, Espírito Santo, fogo eterno/prisões eternas, ψυχικοί/sensuais — see individual entries for the complete Critical set); High = 18; Medium = 20; Low = 19. All Critical and High entries require human theologian review per the routing convention established in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvação
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered / Salvation
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:3, ‘a nossa salvação comum’ (τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας): a settled, shared possession of the whole believing community, not a private, in-progress Kardecist ‘evolução espiritual.‘
Saints
Approved rendering: santos
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: santos venerados e invocados como intercessores
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:3 applies to every believer; requires the same explanatory note as Romans 1:7 in every occurrence.
God
Approved rendering: Deus
Doctrine: Exclusive Saviorhood of God through Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:1, 4, 21, 23, 25, culminating in 1:25’s ‘ao único Deus, nosso Salvador.‘
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Always paired with Cristo in Jude (‘Jesus Cristo’); see new term christ below for the title component.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espírito Santo
Doctrine: Spirit-Filled Life versus the Spiritless False Teacher
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:19 (false teachers ‘não têm o Espírito’), 1:20 (‘orando no Espírito Santo’). Must be distinguished from Kardecist espíritos guias and Candomblé/Umbanda orixás; ‘orar no Espírito’ must not be presented as requiring or excluding glossolalia specifically.
Father
Approved rendering: Pai
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: Πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:1, ‘amados em Deus Pai.‘
Lord
Approved rendering: Senhor
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Senhor apenas em sentido devocional, sem reivindicação de senhorio total
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:4, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 25. Must convey exclusive, supreme lordship, never a devotional title alongside spirit guides or orixás.
Once For All Delivered
Approved rendering: entregue uma vez para sempre
Transliteration: hapax paradotheisē
Doctrine: The Faith Once for All Delivered
Rejected alternatives: continuamente revelada (open/ongoing-revelation framing), dada / ensinada (drops closed-canon finality)
Original: ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ
Category: Faith
Jude 1:3. The single highest-stakes phrase in this Language Package for Jude: directly confronts Kardecist psicografia’s claim of ongoing revelation through mediums, including messages attributed to biblical figures, and any drift toward a ‘living, developing deposit of faith.’ The temporal qualifier ‘uma vez para sempre’ may never be dropped or softened.
Master Sovereign
Approved rendering: Soberano
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: colapsar em ‘Senhor’ apenas (perde a ênfase na posse absoluta)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
Jude 1:4, paired ‘único Soberano e Senhor’ (τὸν μόνον δεσπότην καὶ κύριον ἡμῶν). Must never be collapsed into ‘Senhor’ alone; ‘único’ must never be softened, excluding any framework (Kardecist guias espirituais, hierarquias de orixás) placing Christ alongside other spiritual authorities.
Christ
Approved rendering: Cristo
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: um espírito superior ou mais evoluído (leitura espírita de Jesus)
Standard established Portuguese Bible title, consistently paired with ‘Jesus’ throughout Jude (‘Jesus Cristo,’ 1:1, 4, 17, 21, 25). See baseline Romans ‘messiah’ entry for the parallel Kardecist collision risk (Jesus as ‘the most evolved spirit’).
Eternal Fire Chains
Approved rendering: fogo eterno / prisões eternas
Transliteration: pyros aiōniou / desmois aidiois
Doctrine: Eternal Judgment and Punishment
Rejected alternatives: estado temporário e purificador (leitura compatível tanto com o purgatório católico quanto com a purificação espírita através de reencarnações)
Original: πυρὸς αἰωνίου / δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις
Category: Eschatology
Jude 1:6, 7, 13. Direct, high-stakes collision with Kardecist Spiritism, which explicitly denies eternal punishment. Never soften toward a temporary/purifying state — a reading that would disastrously align with both Catholic purgatorial categories and Kardecist purification-across-lifetimes narratives at once. FORBIDDEN SOFTENING: finality must remain unqualified in every occurrence.
Worldly Soulish
Approved rendering: sensuais
Transliteration: psychikoi
Doctrine: Spirit-Filled Life versus the Spiritless False Teacher
Rejected alternatives: psíquicos — FORBIDDEN. False-cognate collision: in contemporary Brazilian usage ‘psíquico(s)’ is strongly associated with Kardecist mediumistic/parapsychological extrasensory ability, the exact opposite of Jude’s meaning (total absence of the Spirit).
Original: ψυχικοί
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:19. Structurally identical in kind to the baseline’s ‘encarnação’/reincarnation collision, and arguably higher-stakes because the forbidden word is the more natural-sounding Portuguese cognate. Expand in teaching material to ‘guiados apenas pela natureza humana, sem o Espírito.’ Must be added to the forbidden-substitution list with the same absolute force as ‘reencarnação.‘
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: fé
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: convicção espírita, fé genérica em forças espirituais
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In Jude 1:3, 20 denotes the fixed body of apostolic doctrine (‘a fé,’ ‘a vossa santíssima fé’), not merely subjective belief.
Grace
Approved rendering: graça
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into License
Rejected alternatives: mérito espiritual acumulado ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:4: false teachers pervert grace into license (ἀσέλγεια); the grace/license contrast must be sharpened, and remains distinct from Kardecist merit-across-lifetimes doctrine.
Called
Approved rendering: chamado
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: vocação (bureaucratic/narrow religious-life sense)
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:1, part of the letter’s opening triad of assurances: loved, kept, called.
Contend For The Faith
Approved rendering: pelejar (lutar arduamente) pela fé
Transliteration: epagōnizesthai
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: batalhar (risks conflation with Brazilian Pentecostal ‘guerra espiritual’ against demons), esforçar-se (too weak; loses the athletic-contest urgency)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Faith
Jude 1:3. This is Jude’s central imperative. Must be taught as sustained doctrinal and ethical defense of received apostolic teaching, not exorcistic deliverance-ministry combat. Lock as a fixed compound; never abbreviate in doctrinally load-bearing contexts.
Mercy
Approved rendering: misericórdia
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: leniência cármica distribuída pela lei de causa e efeito
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:2, 21, 22, 23. New term for this Language Package (not a dedicated baseline entry). Must be distinguished from the Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito,’ in which consequences are impersonally worked off across future lives, rather than personally and freely shown by a compassionate, sovereign God to those with present faith.
Snatching From Fire
Approved rendering: arrebatando(-os)
Transliteration: harpazontes
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: ajudando-os a saírem do fogo (flattens the forceful, urgent rescue imagery)
Original: ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Mercy and Rescue
Jude 1:23. Must retain the urgency and forcefulness of ἁρπάζω, likely echoing the fire imagery of Jude 1:6-7’s eternal judgment.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: ímpios / impiedade
Transliteration: asebeis / asebeia
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: pessoas más (generic ‘bad people,’ loses anti-God defiance force)
Original: ἀσεβεῖς / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
Jude 1:4, 15 (three times), 18. The defining epithet of the false teachers; requires unbroken ‘ímpio/impiedade’ root consistency across the fivefold ἀσέβ- repetition of vv. 4, 15, 18 — the letter’s rhetorical climax.
Judgment
Approved rendering: juízo
Transliteration: krima / krisis
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: lei de causa e efeito espírita (impersonal karma-like moral law)
Original: κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:4, 6, 9, 15. ‘Juízo’ is polysemous in colloquial Portuguese (‘bom juízo’ = good sense/sanity); flag every occurrence for a context check against this false-friend reading, and against any Kardecist karmic framing.
Lordship Authority
Approved rendering: senhorio
Transliteration: kyriotēs
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: desrespeitam a liderança (reduces a Christological claim to church polity)
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology
Jude 1:8. Ties directly to the Critical ‘Lordship of Christ’ doctrine already established for Romans; must not be diluted to mere leadership disrespect.
Devil
Approved rendering: diabo
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Spiritual Realities: The Devil and the Angels
Rejected alternatives: leitura simbólica da imaturidade moral coletiva (leitura espírita), conflação com Exu (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Realities
Jude 1:9. Kardecist Spiritism denies a personal devil, reinterpreting the figure symbolically or as a collective of unenlightened spirits. Candomblé/Umbanda’s Exu is sometimes popularly, though inaccurately, conflated with ‘the devil’ in vernacular speech. Teaching must affirm a real, personal, fallen being distinct from both.
Dreaming Dreamers
Approved rendering: levados por sonhos / sonhadores
Transliteration: enypniazomenoi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: sonhadores sem nota explicativa (risks a positive reading of legitimate revelatory dreaming)
Original: ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:8. In a culture where both Pentecostal/charismatic and Kardecist/Umbanda streams positively value dreams and visions as revelatory, this risks being read positively rather than negatively as Jude intends (self-serving fantasy invoked to excuse sin).
Harsh Words Convict
Approved rendering: duras palavras / condenar (convencer)
Transliteration: sklērōn / elegxai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: σκληρῶν / ἐλέγξαι
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:15. Part of the fivefold repetition of the ἀσέβ- root across two verses, the doctrinal climax of this section; requires unbroken ‘ímpio/impiedade’ lexical consistency.
Believed Destroyed
Approved rendering: creram / destruiu
Transliteration: pisteusantas / apōlesen
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: castigou (softens the finality of ἀπόλλυμι)
Original: πιστεύσαντας / ἀπώλεσεν
Category: OT Warnings as Types
Jude 1:5. Must preserve the causal link between unbelief and utter destruction; do not soften to a merely corrective ‘punishment.‘
Kept Guard
Approved rendering: guardar / guardados / reservados
Transliteration: tēreō / phylaxai
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: manter / preservar / reservar usados de modo inconsistente entre os versículos (destrói o jogo de palavras irônico central da carta)
Original: τηρέω (τετηρημένοις, τετήρηκεν, τετήρηται, τηρήσατε) / φυλάξαι
Category: Kept/Preservation
Jude 1:1, 6, 13, 21, 24. Central ironic wordplay: rebel angels who refused to ‘keep’ their assigned place are themselves now ‘kept’ under judgment, while believers are ‘kept’ by God unto salvation. Mandates a single Portuguese root (‘guardar’) across all five occurrences; this is a whole-letter consistency rule, not a per-verse lexical choice.
Present Blameless
Approved rendering: apresentar(-vos) irrepreensíveis
Transliteration: stēsai … amōmous
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: perfeição alcançada por esforço próprio, purificação gradual (leitura tridentina de mérito infundido ou leitura espírita de progresso ao longo de vidas sucessivas)
Original: στῆσαι … ἀμώμους
Category: Kept/Preservation
Jude 1:24. Must be taught as God’s own presenting/perfecting action, not a status attained through cumulative self-effort — the same risk class the baseline flags for justification and sanctification, here located at final glorification.
Savior
Approved rendering: Salvador
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Exclusive Saviorhood of God through Christ
Rejected alternatives: Salvador sem ‘único’ (abre a porta a mediadores concorrentes)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:25, ‘ao único Deus, nosso Salvador, por meio de Jesus Cristo, nosso Senhor.’ ‘Único’ must never be dropped; excludes Catholic saint/Marian mediation as a source (not intercessor) of salvation, Kardecist ‘espíritos superiores’ as guides toward self-achieved evolution, and Umbanda/Candomblé orixás as sources of deliverance.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro em sentido ritual
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Underlies the superlative ‘santíssima (fé)’ in Jude 1:20 (see new term holy_most_holy_faith below).
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidade emocional
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:2, part of the salutation greeting alongside misericórdia and amor.
Glory
Approved rendering: glória
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:24, 25 use the abstract divine-honor sense; Jude 1:8 uses δόξαι concretely for exalted angelic beings (‘as autoridades/os seres gloriosos’). Do not conflate the two senses.
Holy Most Holy Faith
Approved rendering: santíssima (fé)
Transliteration: hagiōtatē (pistei)
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered / The Faith Once for All Delivered
Original: ἁγιωτάτῃ (πίστει)
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:20. Correct superlative of baseline ‘santo,’ but carries a secondary risk: ‘Santíssima/Santíssimo’ are strongly associated in Brazilian Catholic usage with specific liturgical titles (a Santíssima Trindade, o Santíssimo Sacramento). Requires a clarifying note that the superlative modifies ‘a fé’ (the body of apostolic teaching), not a devotional object.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: vida eterna
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: ciclo de vidas sucessivas (reencarnação)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Jude 1:21. Must be unending life, not an unending cycle of lives — guard against a reader hearing an implicit reincarnation frame in ‘eterna’ applied to ‘vida.‘
Wavering Doubting
Approved rendering: os que vacilam / os que estão em dúvida
Transliteration: diakrinomenoi
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: usando de discernimento, [apiedando-vos] de uns (variant reading behind the classic Almeida text)
Original: διακρινόμενοι
Category: Mercy and Rescue
Jude 1:22. A documented textual variant exists between the modern critical text (‘those who are wavering/doubting’) and the tradition underlying classic Almeida. Record both readings; flag for mandatory native-speaker/theologian review noting the manuscript variation.
Defiled Garment
Approved rendering: veste/roupa contaminada pela carne
Transliteration: espilōmenon chitōna
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα
Category: Mercy and Rescue
Jude 1:23. Vivid metonymy expressing total rejection of sin while still pursuing the rescue of the sinner; low doctrinal collision risk.
Slipped In Secretly
Approved rendering: infiltraram-se secretamente
Transliteration: pareisedysan
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: παρεισέδυσαν
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:4. Must retain the sense of covert internal infiltration; the false teachers are insiders, not open external attackers.
Sensuality
Approved rendering: lascívia
Transliteration: aselgeia
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into License
Rejected alternatives: libertinagem
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
Jude 1:4. The practical outworking of grace-abuse; ties to the Sodom typology at Jude 1:7.
Denying Christ
Approved rendering: negando
Transliteration: arnoumenoi
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ἀρνούμενοι
Category: Christology
Jude 1:4. Active, willful repudiation of Christ’s lordship, not mere ignorance or doubt.
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: blasfemam
Transliteration: blasphēmousin
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: βλασφημοῦσιν
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:8, 10. Note the shift from the baseline’s usual abstract ‘glória’ to a concrete personal referent (angelic beings) at 1:8.
Archangel Michael
Approved rendering: Miguel, o arcanjo
Transliteration: Michaēl ho archangelos
Doctrine: Spiritual Realities: The Devil and the Angels / Inspiration of Scripture and the Use of Extra-Biblical Sources
Original: Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος
Category: OT Warnings as Types
Jude 1:9. Alludes to a non-canonical tradition (the Assumption/Testament of Moses). Requires a translator/teaching note explaining that Jude’s use of extra-biblical tradition here does not confer canonical status on that source.
Way Of Cain Balaam Korah
Approved rendering: caminho de Caim / erro de Balaão / rebelião de Coré
Transliteration: hodos Kain / planē Balaam / antilogia Kore
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ὁδός Κάϊν / πλάνη Βαλαάμ / ἀντιλογία Κόρε
Category: OT Warnings as Types
Jude 1:11. Requires supplied Old Testament background (Genesis 4; Numbers 16, 22-24) many Brazilian readers lack. Proper names Caim, Balaão, Coré follow established Portuguese Bible forms.
Defile Flesh
Approved rendering: contaminam (a carne)
Transliteration: miainousin (sarka)
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: μιαίνουσιν (σάρκα)
Category: Sin
Jude 1:8. ‘Carne’ must be read as morally corruptible conduct/nature, not matter/body-as-inherently-evil — avoiding drift toward a gnostic-adjacent or Spiritist ‘body as temporary vehicle’ framing.
Grumblers Malcontents
Approved rendering: murmuradores / queixosos
Transliteration: goggystai / mempsimoiroi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: γογγυσταί / μεμψίμοιροι
Category: OT Warnings as Types
Jude 1:16. Deliberate echo of Israel’s wilderness grumbling (Jude 1:5), reinforcing the OT Warnings as Types doctrine outside its three headline examples.
Lusts Desires
Approved rendering: concupiscências (desejos)
Transliteration: epithymiai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sin
Jude 1:16, 18. Consistent with standard Portuguese Bible-tradition vice-list vocabulary elsewhere in the New Testament.
Arrogant Words Flattery
Approved rendering: palavras soberbas / adulação (visando vantagem própria)
Transliteration: hyperogka / thaumazontes prosōpa
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ὑπέρογκα / θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα
Category: Sin
Jude 1:16. Standard vice-list vocabulary; primary risk is vivid but accurate rendering, not doctrinal collision.
Mockers Scoffers
Approved rendering: escarnecedores
Transliteration: empaiktai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Eschatology
Jude 1:18. Standard eschatological vocabulary; should not be confused with a specific end-times chronological system foreign to Jude’s pastoral-warning purpose.
Causing Divisions
Approved rendering: os que causam divisões
Transliteration: apodiorizontes
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
Jude 1:19. Relevant to Brazil’s highly fragmented Evangelical/Pentecostal denominational landscape; must be taught as division rooted in denial of apostolic faith and lack of the Spirit, not denominational plurality per se.
The People Israel
Approved rendering: o povo
Transliteration: laos
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: λαός
Category: OT Warnings as Types
Jude 1:5. Requires supplied Exodus/wilderness narrative background (Numbers 14); same class of OT-literacy risk the baseline flags for ‘seed_of_david’ and ‘davidic_covenant.‘
Angels
Approved rendering: anjos
Transliteration: angeloi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types / Spiritual Realities
Rejected alternatives: espíritos superiores/guias espirituais (leitura espírita), hierarquia de guias e orixás (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: OT Warnings as Types
Jude 1:6. Must be clearly distinguished from Kardecist self-evolving spirit-guide frameworks and Candomblé/Umbanda spirit-guide/orixá hierarchies; biblical angels are a fixed created order under God’s judgment.
Sodom Gomorrah
Approved rendering: Sodoma e Gomorra
Transliteration: Sodoma kai Gomorra
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: OT Warnings as Types
Jude 1:7. Requires supplied Genesis 19 background for readers lacking Old Testament catechesis.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: prostituição / relações contra a natureza
Transliteration: ekporneusasai / sarkos heteras
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἐκπορνεύσασαι / σαρκὸς ἑτέρας
Category: OT Warnings as Types
Jude 1:7. Must retain moral seriousness without editorializing beyond the text; avoid euphemism diluting the verse’s example (δεῖγμα) function.
Enoch Prophesied
Approved rendering: Enoque … profetizou
Transliteration: Enōch … proephēteusen
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Use of Extra-Biblical Sources
Original: Ἐνὼχ … προεφήτευσεν
Category: Inspiration of Scripture
Jude 1:14. Jude cites a non-canonical text (1 Enoch 1:9) as containing a true prophetic utterance without conferring canonical status on the whole book. Requires a translator/teaching note avoiding both dismissal of the verse’s authority and over-elevation of 1 Enoch.
Without Stumbling
Approved rendering: sem tropeço
Transliteration: aptaistous
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἀπταίστους
Category: Kept/Preservation
Jude 1:24. Completes the ‘Kept by God’ theme begun at 1:1 with a triumphant declaration of God’s sufficient preserving power.
Love Feasts
Approved rendering: ágapes
Transliteration: agapai
Doctrine: Corrupted Christian Fellowship
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
Jude 1:12. Transliterated technical term per Almeida-tradition rendering for the early church’s communal fellowship meal. Should not be confused with unrelated ritual communal-meal practices in Afro-Brazilian traditions.
Hidden Reefs Blemishes
Approved rendering: escolhos (alt. manchas)
Transliteration: spilades
Doctrine: Corrupted Christian Fellowship / Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: σπιλάδες
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:12. Genuine lexical ambiguity in Koine usage (nautical hazard vs. moral stain); record both readings for reviewers rather than silently resolving. ‘Escolhos’ chosen as primary per established Portuguese Bible tradition.
Wandering Stars
Approved rendering: estrelas errantes
Transliteration: asteres planētai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:13. Deliberate echo of the ‘erro/errante’ language applied to Balaam at Jude 1:11; preserve the wordplay connection in teaching notes where possible.
Power Able
Approved rendering: poderoso [para]
Transliteration: dynamenos
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: δυνάμενος
Category: God
Jude 1:24, ‘ao que é poderoso para guardar-vos.’ Shares a root with the baseline’s ‘poder de Deus’ (δύναμις θεοῦ); standard, unambiguous rendering.
Majesty
Approved rendering: majestade
Transliteration: megalōsynē
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: Doxology
Jude 1:25, part of the fourfold ascription ‘glória, majestade, domínio e autoridade.’ Primarily a register/consistency concern.
Dominion
Approved rendering: domínio
Transliteration: kratos
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: poder (colapsaria com δύναμις/‘poder de Deus,’ termo distinto já fixado na base Romanos)
Original: κράτος
Category: Doxology
Jude 1:25. Must be kept lexically distinct from δύναμις (‘poder de Deus,’ baseline Romans term) to avoid collapsing two distinct Greek terms into one Portuguese word across the curriculum.
Authority
Approved rendering: autoridade
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Doxology
Jude 1:25. Fourth member of the doxology’s ascription; standard vocabulary.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apóstolo
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Use of Extra-Biblical Sources
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:17, source of the trustworthy apostolic prediction Jude cites.
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Use of Extra-Biblical Sources
Rejected alternatives: médium (channeler of spirit messages)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Underlies ‘profetizou’ in Jude 1:14 (see new term enoch_prophesied for the elevated risk specific to that verse’s extra-biblical source).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecia
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Use of Extra-Biblical Sources
Rejected alternatives: psicografia (spirit messages transcribed through mediums)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Relevant background term for Jude 1:14’s Enoch citation and the apostolic ‘palavras ditas de antemão’ of Jude 1:17.
Irrational Creatures
Approved rendering: animais irracionais
Transliteration: aloga zōa
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἄλογα ζῷα
Category: Sin
Jude 1:10. Standard, low-ambiguity vice-comparison imagery.
Woe
Approved rendering: Ai [deles]
Transliteration: ouai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: οὐαί
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:11. Standard prophetic-woe formula in the Portuguese Bible tradition.
Example Of Judgment
Approved rendering: exemplo
Transliteration: deigma
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: δεῖγμα
Category: OT Warnings as Types
Jude 1:7. Standard rendering, low ambiguity.
Loved
Approved rendering: amados
Transliteration: ēgapēmenois
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἠγαπημένοις
Category: Kept/Preservation
Jude 1:1. First of the letter’s opening triad of assurances (loved, kept, called), establishing the security undergirding the ‘Kept by God’ doctrine from verse one.
Fruitless Uprooted
Approved rendering: sem fruto / arrancadas pela raiz
Transliteration: akarpa / ekrizōthenta
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἄκαρπα / ἐκριζωθέντα
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:12. Standard, low-ambiguity imagery of barrenness and total removal.
Shame
Approved rendering: vergonhas
Transliteration: aischynas
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Jude 1:13. Standard vivid imagery, low ambiguity.
Amen
Approved rendering: Amém
Transliteration: amēn
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Doxology
Jude 1:25. Retained as an established transliterated term, consistent with the baseline’s transliteration standard (Amém, Aleluia).
Great Joy
Approved rendering: grande alegria
Transliteration: agalliasei
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless / Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Jude 1:24. Exuberant joy accompanying believers’ presentation before God’s glory.
Jude Judas
Approved rendering: Judas
Transliteration: Ioudas
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Jude 1:1, the letter’s author. Requires an identifying note distinguishing this Judas (traditionally the Lord’s half-brother, brother of James) from Judas Iscariot, given the shared Portuguese name form.
James Tiago
Approved rendering: Tiago
Transliteration: Iakōbos
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Jude 1:1, ‘irmão de Tiago.’ Established Portuguese Bible proper-name form.
Moses
Approved rendering: Moisés
Transliteration: Mōÿsēs
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Jude 1:9, referenced in the dispute over his body between Michael and the devil (Assumption of Moses tradition). Established Portuguese Bible proper-name form, per baseline naming conventions.
Adam
Approved rendering: Adão
Transliteration: Adam
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Jude 1:14, ‘Enoque, o sétimo depois de Adão.’ Established Portuguese Bible proper-name form.
Cain
Approved rendering: Caim
Transliteration: Kain
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Jude 1:11. Established Portuguese Bible proper-name form; see combined entry way_of_cain_balaam_korah for doctrinal context.
Balaam
Approved rendering: Balaão
Transliteration: Balaam
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Jude 1:11. Established Portuguese Bible proper-name form; see combined entry way_of_cain_balaam_korah for doctrinal context.
Korah
Approved rendering: Coré
Transliteration: Kore
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Jude 1:11. Established Portuguese Bible proper-name form; see combined entry way_of_cain_balaam_korah for doctrinal context.
Referenced passages