Core Glossary

Core Glossary: Ezekiel

Portuguese Language Package Extension

Curriculum: Ezekiel Destination language: Portuguese Baseline authority: Romans Language Package translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. Terms marked [BASELINE — REUSE] are fixed by the baseline and reused here without alteration. Terms marked [NEW] are introduced by this Language Package extension for Ezekiel-specific vocabulary and must be added to translation_memory.json at Phase 2 load time, incrementing its version number per the baseline’s stated update procedure.

Glossary Table

#	Term (English)	Original (Hebrew, translit.)	LXX Greek (where applicable)	Portuguese Rendering	Status	Risk	Doctrine	Chapters	Risk Notes
1	LORD (Tetragrammaton)	יְהוָה, YHWH	κύριος (kyrios)	SENHOR (versalete/small caps)	[NEW]	Critical	Glory and Sovereignty of God	Throughout	Distinct convention from baseline’s “Senhor” (=Adonai/kyrios generic lordship). Must render YHWH alone as SENHOR (caps), Adonai alone as Senhor, and their combination as “Senhor DEUS.” Total consistency required across all 48 chapters.
2	Lord GOD / Sovereign LORD	אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה, Adonai YHWH	Κύριος κύριος / Κύριος ὁ θεός	Senhor DEUS	[NEW]	Critical	Glory and Sovereignty of God	~217 occurrences throughout	Compound divine title; extends baseline’s “lord” (Senhor) entry for OT use. Never abbreviate to plain “Senhor.”
3	Glory	כָּבוֹד, kavod	δόξα, doxa	glória	[BASELINE — REUSE]	Critical (elevated from baseline’s High for Ezekiel context)	Glory and Sovereignty of God; God’s Presence Departing and Returning	1, 3, 8-11, 43, 44, 48	Must not be read through Brazil’s home-grown syncretistic movement Vale do Amanhecer (Kardecism + Umbanda + UFO mythology), which has popularly reinterpreted Ezekiel 1’s throne-vision as extraterrestrial contact. Teach as the one Creator’s transcendent, personal presence.
4	Spirit / breath / wind	רוּחַ, ruach	πνεῦμα, pneuma / ἄνεμος, anemos	espírito / vento / fôlego (context-dependent)	[NEW]	Critical	The New Heart and New Spirit; Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	1, 2, 3, 11, 36, 37, 39	Single Hebrew word spans three Portuguese lexemes; central wordplay of ch.37 is at risk of total loss without an explicit translator’s note. Never render as impersonal “energia” or “força vital” (risk of Kardecist/Umbanda impersonal-spirit-force collision).
5	My Spirit (personal, divine)	רוּחִי, ruchi	τὸ πνεῦμά μου	o meu Espírito	[NEW, extends Espírito Santo]	Critical	The New Heart and New Spirit	36:27; 37:14; 39:29	Connect explicitly to baseline’s Espírito Santo (Critical) in teaching notes while preserving the OT grammatical form. Must not collapse into an impersonal life-force reading.
6	Son of man (address to prophet)	בֶּן־אָדָם, ben-adam	υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου	filho do homem	[NEW]	High	(Prophetic Office / Inspiration of Scripture)	2 and 93 occurrences throughout	Must be distinguished at first teaching from the Christological “Filho de Deus” (baseline Critical) and from Daniel/Gospel messianic “Son of Man” usage; here it denotes mortal humanity addressed by transcendent God.
7	Soul / life / person	נֶפֶשׁ, nephesh	ψυχή, psychē	a pessoa / a alma (context-dependent)	[NEW]	Critical	Individual Responsibility for Sin	18 (esp. vv.4, 20), 33	Single highest-stakes term for this curriculum’s Brazilian audience: must be sharply distinguished from Kardecist teaching that moral responsibility is distributed across multiple reincarnated lifetimes. Ezekiel 18 teaches immediate, one-life accountability with real opportunity for repentance now.
8	Turn / repent	שׁוּב, shuv	ἐπιστρέφω, epistrephō	converter-se / arrepender-se	[NEW]	High	Individual Responsibility for Sin	18, 33	Genuine, effective, one-life moral turning available immediately; reinforces the anti-reincarnation-karma contrast under “nephesh” above.
9	New heart and new spirit	לֵב חָדָשׁ וְרוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה, lev chadash ve-ruach chadashah	καρδίαν καινὴν καὶ πνεῦμα καινόν	coração novo e espírito novo	[NEW]	Critical	The New Heart and New Spirit	11:19 (seed form), 36:26 (full form)	God’s unilateral gift; must not be conflated with gradual karmic self-purification across lifetimes (Kardecism) or generic self-improvement discipline, per baseline’s existing “sanctification” caution extended here.
10	Idols	גִּלּוּלִים, gillulim	εἴδωλα, eidōla	ídolos	[NEW]	High	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	6, 8, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 33, 36, 37, 44	Deliberately contemptuous Hebrew term (“dung-pellets”). Preserve the polemical force; note sensitivity around Afro-Brazilian veneration of images (Candomblé/Umbanda, often syncretized with Catholic saints) without singling out any one community by name in the rendering itself — the theological point is the object of ultimate allegiance.
11	Abomination	תּוֹעֵבָה, to’evah	βδέλυγμα, bdelygma	abominação	[NEW]	Medium	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	5-9, 16, 18, 22, 33, 44	Standard covenant-violation term; consistent across all occurrences.
12	Watchman	צֹפֶה, tzofeh	σκοπός, skopos	vigia (NOT “sentinela”)	[NEW]	High	Individual Responsibility for Sin	3, 33	”Sentinela” is strongly associated in Brazil with the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ publication A Sentinela; use “vigia” to avoid an unwanted denominational association while preserving accurate meaning.
13	Hand of the LORD	יַד־יְהוָה, yad-YHWH	χεὶρ κυρίου	a mão do SENHOR	[NEW]	High	(Inspiration of Scripture / prophetic experience)	1, 3, 8, 33, 37, 40	Ezekiel’s ecstatic, physically dramatic prophetic experiences (transport, muteness, immobility) must be taught as unique, God-initiated revelatory acts, explicitly distinguished from Kardecist/Umbanda mediumistic trance and spirit incorporation (incorporação), both mainstream practices in Brazil.
14	Sign(-act)	אוֹת, ot	σημεῖον, sēmeion	sinal / ato profético simbólico	[NEW]	Medium-High	(Prophetic sign-acts)	4, 5, 12, 24, 37	Physically vivid symbolic actions commanded by God; must not be assimilated to ritual/magical practice (e.g., Umbanda despachos) — one-time, divinely authorized illustrative acts of a specific historical prophecy.
15	Mark (on the forehead)	תָּו, tav	σημεῖον	marca / sinal na testa	[NEW]	Medium-High	(God’s protective election; canonical link to Revelation 7/14)	9	Distinguish from folk-Catholic/Afro-Brazilian protective talismans (patuás, figas); this is God’s sovereign, grief-linked protective act, not a self-procured amulet.
16	Cherubim / living creatures	כְּרוּבִים / חַיּוֹת, keruvim / chayot	χερουβίμ	querubins / seres viventes	[NEW]	Medium	(Glory and Sovereignty of God)	1, 10, 28	Same Vale do Amanhecer/UFO-syncretism caution as “glory” (#3); avoid any rendering suggestive of extraterrestrial beings.
17	Harlotry / covenant unfaithfulness	זְנוּנִים / תַּזְנוּת, zenunim / taznut	πορνεία, porneia	prostituição / infidelidade	[NEW]	High	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	16, 23	Covenant-fidelity metaphor (idolatry and faithless alliances), not primarily a teaching about literal sexual sin; moralistic-only readings miss the point.
18	Everlasting covenant / covenant of peace	בְּרִית עוֹלָם / בְּרִית שָׁלוֹם, berit olam / berit shalom	διαθήκη αἰώνιος / εἰρήνης	aliança eterna / aliança de paz	[BASELINE — REUSE “aliança”; NEW compound]	High	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	16:60, 34:25, 37:26	Reuses baseline aliança (relational covenant bond, not mere legal contract) and paz; ties restoration promises to the Davidic/new-covenant hope.
19	Shepherd	רֹעֶה, ro’eh	ποιμήν, poimēn	pastor	[NEW]	Medium	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	34, 37	Royal/messianic metaphor (God and “my servant David” as shepherd); distinguish from the everyday contemporary Brazilian Evangelical use of “pastor” as a clergy title, to avoid anachronistic flattening.
20	Prince	נָשִׂיא, nasi	ἄρχων, archōn	príncipe	[NEW]	Medium	The Vision of the New Temple	12, 19, 34, 37, 44-46	Deliberately never “melek” (king) in the restored-temple vision; signals a humbler office and an open pointer to fuller messianic fulfillment.
21	Sanctuary / temple	מִקְדָּשׁ, miqdash	ἁγίασμα / ναός	santuário	[NEW]	High	God’s Presence Departing and Returning; The Vision of the New Temple	5, 8, 24, 37, 40-46, 48	Sustained consistency required across the entire temple-vision block (chs.40-48).
22	Holy	קֹדֶשׁ / קָדוֹשׁ, qodesh / qadosh	ἅγιος, hagios	santo	[BASELINE — REUSE]	Medium (High in graded-holiness architectural contexts)	The Vision of the New Temple	Throughout, esp. 40-46	Reuse baseline entry; note Ezekiel’s structured, graded-holiness temple architecture (concentric zones) as distinct from a flat, undifferentiated sacredness concept.
23	Glory of the LORD (returning)	כְּבוֹד יְהוָה, kevod-YHWH	δόξα κυρίου	a glória do SENHOR	[NEW, paired with #1 and #3]	Critical	God’s Presence Departing and Returning	8-11 (departure), 43 (return)	Must be phrased identically at departure and return occurrences to preserve the book’s central narrative arc for teaching purposes.
24	Dry bones	עֲצָמוֹת יְבֵשׁוֹת, atzamot yeveshot	ὀστᾶ ξηρά	ossos secos	[NEW]	Critical	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	37:1-14	Must be taught as (a) metaphor for national restoration from exile and (b) canonical anticipation of bodily resurrection — explicitly NOT consistent with reincarnation. Distinguish a single, definitive act from a repeating cycle.
25	Recognition formula: “and you/they shall know that I am the LORD”	וִידַעְתֶּם/וְיָדְעוּ כִּי־אֲנִי יְהוָה	καὶ γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος	”e sabereis/saberão que eu sou o SENHOR”	[NEW]	Critical	Glory and Sovereignty of God	70+ occurrences throughout	Fixed phrase; total consistency required across the entire book per the same Theological Consistency Rule the baseline applies to Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10.
26	Dragon / sea monster	תַּנִּין, tannin	δράκων, drakōn	monstro / dragão	[NEW]	Medium	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	29, 32	Low collision with mainstream Brazilian culture; note general caution against assimilation to unrelated regional serpent folklore (e.g., Boitatá); point is God’s sovereignty over even the mightiest earthly power.
27	Pride / heart lifted up	גֹּבַהּ לֵב, govah lev	ὕψωσε τὴν καρδίαν	orgulho / soberba de coração	[NEW]	High	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	28	King of Tyre oracle’s Eden/cherub imagery requires careful interpretive framing (historical king primary referent; typological cosmic-pride resonance secondary) to avoid over- or under-reading a Satan-fall biography.
28	The LORD is there	יְהוָה שָׁמָּה, YHWH shammah	Κύριος ἐκεῖ	”O SENHOR está ali”	[NEW]	High	God’s Presence Departing and Returning	48:35	Theological capstone of the entire book; must use the fixed Tetragrammaton convention (#1) for full doctrinal weight as the resolution of the presence-departure-return arc.
29	River from the temple / living water	הַנָּחַל / מַיִם, hanachal / mayim	ὁ ποταμός	o rio / as águas	[NEW]	High	The Vision of the New Temple; Restoration	47	Draw explicit canonical connection to John’s “living water” and Revelation’s river of life (both elsewhere in the wider curriculum) while keeping Ezekiel’s own historical/eschatological land-restoration sense primary.
30	Statutes and ordinances	חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים, chuqqim u-mishpatim	δικαιώματα καὶ κρίματα	estatutos e preceitos	[BASELINE — REUSE “lei” conceptually; NEW compound]	Medium	(Covenant law)	20, 36, 44-46	Mosaic covenant stipulations specific to Israel; must not be rendered as a generic cosmic/karmic moral order, consistent with baseline’s existing “law” caution.
31	Bloodguilt / bloodshed	דָּמִים, damim	αἵματα	sangue derramado / culpa de sangue	[BASELINE — REUSE “sangue”; NEW compound]	Medium	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	18, 22, 33	Covenantal-guilt sense of the baseline’s general “sangue” vocabulary.
32	Gospel/Word of the LORD	דְּבַר־יְהוָה, devar-YHWH	ῥῆμα κυρίου / λόγος κυρίου	a palavra do SENHOR	[NEW]	High	(Inspiration of Scripture)	Throughout	Distinguish God’s authoritative, self-fulfilling word from Kardecist claims of ongoing mediumistic revelation (psicografia), per baseline’s existing “prophecy” and “prophet” cautions extended to this OT context.
33	Righteousness / righteous	צֶדֶק / צַדִּיק, tzedeq / tzaddiq	δικαιοσύνη, dikaiosynē	justiça / justo	[BASELINE — REUSE]	Critical (per baseline)	Individual Responsibility for Sin	18, 33	Reuse baseline entry; here specifically forensic/behavioral righteousness assessed within one’s own single lifetime (Ezekiel 18), not accumulated across reincarnations.
34	Sin	חַטָּאת / עָוֹן / פֶּשַׁע, chatta’t / avon / pesha	ἁμαρτία, hamartia	pecado	[BASELINE — REUSE]	Medium (per baseline)	Individual Responsibility for Sin; Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	Throughout, esp. 18	Reuse baseline entry and its existing caution against a Kardecist “erro a ser corrigido em vidas futuras” reading — directly relevant to Ezekiel 18.
35	Covenant	בְּרִית, berit	διαθήκη, diathēkē	aliança	[BASELINE — REUSE]	High (per baseline)	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	16, 17, 20, 34, 36, 37	Reuse baseline entry; relational covenant bond, not mere legal contract.
36	Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵל, Yisra’el	Ἰσραήλ	Israel	[BASELINE — REUSE]	Low (per baseline)	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones; Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	Throughout	Reuse baseline entry; note political-sensitivity awareness already flagged in baseline extended to Ezekiel’s frequent territorial/land-restoration language.
37	David (my servant David)	דָּוִד, David	Δαυίδ	Davi	[BASELINE — REUSE]	Low (per baseline); doctrinally High in context	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	34, 37	Reuse baseline proper-name entry; the “one shepherd… my servant David” language carries significant messianic-hope weight requiring teaching elaboration despite the low lexical risk of the name itself.
38	Kingdom of God (restoration idiom)	(conceptual; cf. מַמְלָכָה, mamlakhah)	βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ	reino de Deus (conceptual bridge)	[BASELINE — REUSE]	Medium (per baseline)	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	34, 37	Reuse baseline entry as the conceptual bridge for Ezekiel’s one-king/one-nation reunification promises; distinguish from a political/nationalist restoration reading.
39	Prophet / prophesy	נָבִיא / נִבָּא, navi / naba	προφήτης / προφητεύω	profeta / profetizar	[BASELINE — REUSE]	Low (per baseline); High in Ezekiel’s ecstatic-experience contexts	(Inspiration of Scripture)	Throughout	Reuse baseline entry; extend caution to Ezekiel’s vivid sign-acts and trance-like states (see #13, #14) which raise the practical risk above the baseline’s general Low rating for this book specifically.
40	Gentiles / the nations	הַגּוֹיִם, ha-goyim	τὰ ἔθνη, ta ethnē	as nações / os gentios	[BASELINE — REUSE “gentios” where applicable]	Low (per baseline)	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	25-32, 36, 38-39	Reuse baseline entry; in the oracle-against-nations chapters “as nações” (the nations) is often more natural than “gentios,” but keep “gentios” available where the Jew/Gentile theological contrast is in view.

Summary of New Additions to Translation Memory

The following 14 new terms must be added to translation_memory.json (incrementing its version number) before Phase 2 processing of any Ezekiel segment begins, per the baseline’s stated Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions:

LORD / YHWH → SENHOR (Critical)
Lord GOD / Adonai YHWH → Senhor DEUS (Critical)
Spirit/breath/wind (ruach) → espírito/vento/fôlego (Critical)
My Spirit (ruchi) → o meu Espírito (Critical)
Son of man (ben-adam) → filho do homem (High)
Soul/person (nephesh) → a pessoa/a alma (Critical)
Turn/repent (shuv) → converter-se/arrepender-se (High)
New heart and new spirit → coração novo e espírito novo (Critical)
Idols (gillulim) → ídolos (High)
Watchman (tzofeh) → vigia (High)
Hand of the LORD (yad-YHWH) → a mão do SENHOR (High)
Sign-act (ot) → sinal/ato profético simbólico (Medium-High)
Dry bones (atzamot yeveshot) → ossos secos (Critical)
Recognition formula → “e sabereis/saberão que eu sou o SENHOR” (Critical)

All remaining terms in the table above either reuse baseline entries directly or are Medium/Low risk compounds built from already-reused baseline vocabulary (aliança, sangue, lei, santo, Israel, Davi, reino de Deus, profeta/profecia, gentios/nações, pecado, justiça).

This glossary extends, and must be read alongside, the baseline translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json. See 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter argumentation supporting each entry.

Critical Risk Terms

Lord

Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: kyrios (NT Gk.); cf. Adonai (Heb.)
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Senhor apenas em sentido devocional, sem reivindicação de senhorio total

Romans 10:9, ‘Jesus é o Senhor,’ is the salvation confession; exclusive, supreme lordship over the whole of life. (inherited from Romans package). In Ezekiel, this generic-sovereignty sense of ‘Senhor’ underlies the Hebrew title Adonai, but Ezekiel ALSO requires the wholly new Tetragrammaton convention (see ‘yhwh’ and ‘lord_god_adonai_yhwh’ below); do not conflate plain ‘Senhor’ with the small-caps ‘SENHOR’ convention.

God

Approved rendering: Deus
Transliteration: theos (NT Gk.); Elohim (Heb.)
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: אֱלֹהִים (Elohim)
Category: God

Standard and unambiguous. Note for pastoral awareness in Afro-Brazilian contexts: Candomblé/Umbanda orixás are sometimes syncretized with Catholic saints, which can blur exclusive monotheism if not addressed directly. (inherited from Romans package). Directly relevant to Ezekiel’s idol-polemic chapters (6, 8, 14, 16, 20, 23).

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Espírito Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion (NT Gk.)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias (Candomblé/Umbanda)

Must be taught as the personal third Person of the Trinity, explicitly distinguished from Kardecist ‘espíritos guias’ and Candomblé/Umbanda orixás and spirit guides. (inherited from Romans package). Serves as the canonical teaching-note bridge to Ezekiel’s own OT grammatical form ‘o meu Espírito’ (ruchi) at 36:27, 37:14, 39:29 — see that new entry below.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: justiça
Transliteration: dikaiosynē (NT Gk.); tzedeq/tzaddiq (Heb.)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado por esforço moral próprio

CRITICAL: right standing before God; both the Tridentine infused-merit reading and the Kardecist self-earned moral-progress-across-lifetimes reading must be excluded. (inherited from Romans package). In Ezekiel 18 and 33, ‘justo/justiça’ describes behavioral righteousness assessed within a person’s own single lifetime, not merit accumulated or corrected across reincarnations — extend this same Kardecist-merit caution to that OT ethical context.

Glory

Approved rendering: glória
Transliteration: doxa (NT Gk. / LXX); kavod (Heb.)
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: כָּבוֹד (kavod) / LXX δόξα (doxa)
Category: God

God’s radiant honor and presence; standard usage. (inherited from Romans package; risk elevated from baseline’s Medium to Critical in this curriculum). Ezekiel 1’s throne-chariot vision (wheels, fire, four living creatures) has been popularly reinterpreted by Brazil’s home-grown syncretistic movement Vale do Amanhecer (Kardecism + Umbanda + UFO mythology) as extraterrestrial contact. Teach as the one Creator’s transcendent, personal presence, never as an account of alien beings. See also the new compound entry ‘glory_of_the_lord_returning’ for the fixed departure/return phrase.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: ressurreição
Transliteration: anastasis (NT Gk.)
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: reencarnação

CRITICAL: NEVER reencarnação. Bodily, historical, once-for-all resurrection, sharply distinct from Kardecist reincarnation. (inherited from Romans package). Ezekiel 37’s dry-bones vision is this curriculum’s canonical Old Testament anticipation of this doctrine; the term itself is reserved for NT/systematic-theology teaching notes bridging Ezekiel 37 to bodily resurrection — Ezekiel’s own text uses ‘I will cause you to go up’ (haaloti) language, not a technical resurrection-of-the-body noun. See new entry ‘dry_bones’ and ‘raise_up’ below.

Salvation

Approved rendering: salvação
Transliteration: sōtēria (NT Gk.)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas

CRITICAL: the single highest-risk term in the baseline package. Kardecist Spiritism teaches ‘salvação’ as gradual evolução espiritual across many reincarnations, not a decisive reconciliation accomplished by God and received by faith. (inherited from Romans package). Relevant in Ezekiel as the conceptual anchor for how ‘restoration’ (Ezekiel 36-37) must be taught: a decisive act of God, not a gradual self-achieved process.

Yhwh

Approved rendering: SENHOR
Transliteration: YHWH (Heb. Tetragrammaton)
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: Jeová/Iavé (transliteration; strongly associated with Jehovah’s Witnesses in Brazilian religious culture), senhor em minúsculas (loses the covenant-name distinction)

NEW. The personal covenant name of God, over 400 occurrences across Ezekiel. Extends the baseline’s NT-only ‘lord’ entry: render YHWH alone as SENHOR (small caps/versalete), following the established Almeida Old Testament tradition. Do not conflate with the baseline ‘Senhor’ entry (generic Adonai/kyrios sense). A phonetic transliteration (‘Jeová’/‘Iavé’) was rejected because it would break with the entire Lusophone Bible tradition this package is anchored to and risk direct collision with Jehovah’s Witnesses’ ‘Jeová.’ Total consistency required across all 48 chapters.

Lord God Adonai Yhwh

Approved rendering: Senhor DEUS
Transliteration: Adonai YHWH (Heb.)
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: Senhor (abreviado, perde a distinção do nome do pacto), transliteração de ‘Adonai’ como palavra estrangeira
Original: אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה (Adonai YHWH)
Category: God

NEW. The compound divine address (‘my Lord, YHWH’), ~217 occurrences. Render ‘Senhor DEUS’ (DEUS representing YHWH, mirroring the English ‘Lord GOD’ small-caps convention), never abbreviated to plain ‘Senhor.’ This is the book’s single most frequent divine title and primary textual anchor for ‘The Glory and Sovereignty of God’; inconsistent rendering across occurrences would dilute the cumulative rhetorical weight the Hebrew builds.

Glory Of The Lord Returning

Approved rendering: a glória do SENHOR
Transliteration: kevod-YHWH (Heb.)
Doctrine: God’s Presence Departing and Returning
Rejected alternatives: variações estilísticas da frase entre a partida e o retorno
Original: כְּבוֹד יְהוָה (kevod-YHWH) / LXX δόξα κυρίου
Category: God

NEW. The specific narrative motif of the glory departing the temple (chs. 8-11) and returning through the east gate (ch. 43). Must be phrased identically at every occurrence in both sequences (8:4; 9:3; 10:4,18-19; 11:22-23; 43:2-5) so Portuguese-speaking learners recognize the literary resolution; any stylistic variation would obscure the doctrine of God’s presence departing and returning.

Spirit Breath Wind

Approved rendering: espírito / vento / fôlego (dependendo do contexto)
Transliteration: ruach (Heb.); pneuma / anemos (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The New Heart and New Spirit
Rejected alternatives: energia, força vital (leitura espírita/umbandista impessoal)
Original: רוּחַ (ruach) / LXX πνεῦμα (pneuma), ἄνεμος (anemos)
Category: God

NEW. A single Hebrew word spanning wind, breath/life-force, and the personal divine Spirit, forming the central wordplay of Ezekiel 37:1-14. Portuguese has no single equivalent; a translator’s note is required at 37:9-10 explaining the underlying wordplay so it is taught explicitly rather than silently lost. Never render as impersonal ‘energia’ or ‘força vital,’ which would collapse the term toward Kardecist/Umbanda impersonal-spirit-force concepts, mainstream rather than fringe frameworks in Brazil.

My Spirit

Approved rendering: o meu Espírito
Transliteration: ruchi (Heb.)
Doctrine: The New Heart and New Spirit
Rejected alternatives: força vital impessoal, espíritos guias/mentores espirituais canalizáveis (leitura espírita/Vale do Amanhecer)
Original: רוּחִי (ruchi) / LXX τὸ πνεῦμά μου
Category: God

NEW. The personal, divine Spirit given to indwell the restored people (36:27; 37:14; 39:29), disambiguated from generic wind/breath by the first-person possessive. Pair with baseline ‘Espírito Santo’ in teaching notes to draw the canonical Pentecost connection, while flagging that Ezekiel’s own grammatical form is ‘my Spirit,’ not the fixed NT title. Must never be rendered as an impersonal life-force.

Recognition Formula

Approved rendering: e sabereis/saberão que eu sou o SENHOR
Transliteration: vi-yda’tem / ve-yad’u ki-ani YHWH (Heb.)
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: paráfrases estilísticas variadas da mesma fórmula
Original: וִידַעְתֶּם/וְיָדְעוּ כִּי־אֲנִי יְהוָה / LXX καὶ γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος
Category: Prophecy

NEW. Ezekiel’s signature refrain (70+ occurrences), asserting that God’s acts of judgment and salvation are self-authenticating revelations of his identity and sovereignty. Fix as ‘e sabereis que eu sou o SENHOR’ (2nd person) / ‘e saberão que eu sou o SENHOR’ (3rd person) with total consistency across all occurrences, following the same Theological Consistency Rule the baseline applies to Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10. Never paraphrase for stylistic variety.

Soul Person

Approved rendering: a pessoa / a alma (dependendo do contexto)
Transliteration: nephesh (Heb.); psychē (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility for Sin
Rejected alternatives: alma imortal separável ao estilo grego/kardecista, desligada da responsabilidade imediata
Original: נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh) / LXX ψυχή (psychē)
Category: Sin

NEW. The entire living person, one’s very life (not a separable immortal ‘soul’); central to ‘the soul who sins shall die’ (18:4, 20). This is the single most theologically load-bearing collision point in the book: Kardecist Spiritism teaches that moral responsibility for sin is distributed and progressively resolved across multiple reincarnated lifetimes. Default to ‘a pessoa’ in Ezekiel 18/33; use ‘alma’ only where idiom requires it, always glossed, since plain ‘alma’ alone invites a Kardecist/Greek immortal-soul reading disconnected from Ezekiel’s holistic Hebrew anthropology.

New Heart And New Spirit

Approved rendering: coração novo e espírito novo
Transliteration: lev chadash ve-ruach chadashah (Heb.)
Doctrine: The New Heart and New Spirit
Rejected alternatives: autoaperfeiçoamento gradual/‘evolução espiritual’ ao longo de uma ou várias vidas (leitura espírita)
Original: לֵב חָדָשׁ וְרוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה (lev chadash ve-ruach chadashah) / LXX καρδίαν καινὴν καὶ πνεῦμα καινόν
Category: Sanctification

NEW. Complete inward renewal — a heart of flesh replacing a heart of stone, God’s own Spirit given to enable obedience (11:19 seed form; 36:26-27 full statement). Must be taught in sharp distinction from Kardecist gradual self-purification or karmic self-improvement across one or many lifetimes; this is God’s own unilateral gift, received, not a program of self-help.

Dry Bones

Approved rendering: ossos secos
Transliteration: atzamot yeveshot (Heb.)
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones
Rejected alternatives: imagem compatível com reencarnação (espírito entrando em novos corpos sucessivos)
Original: עֲצָמוֹת יְבֵשׁוֹת (atzamot yeveshot) / LXX ὀστᾶ ξηρά
Category: Eschatology

NEW. CORE PASSAGE TERM (Ezekiel 37:1-14). The vast valley of very dry bones, the central image of national death in exile reversed by God’s word and Spirit. Retain the intensifying ‘muito’ (‘muito secos’) to preserve the impossibility of the miracle apart from God. Must be taught as (a) a metaphor for national restoration from exile and (b) a canonical anticipation of bodily resurrection — explicitly NOT reincarnation. A single, definitive, one-time return of the SAME people to the SAME bodies/land, not a repeating cycle into new, unrelated bodies. Given Brazil’s exceptionally large Spiritist population, this distinction must be stated explicitly every time this passage is taught.

High Risk Terms

Covenant

Approved rendering: aliança
Transliteration: diathēkē (NT Gk.); berit (Heb.)
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal
Original: בְּרִית (berit) / LXX διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Convey a relational covenant bond, not a mere legal contract. (inherited from Romans package). Central to Ezekiel 16, 17, 20, 34, 36, 37; see also the new compound entry ‘everlasting_covenant_of_peace’ below for the fixed phrase ‘aliança eterna / aliança de paz.‘

Law

Approved rendering: lei
Transliteration: nomos (NT Gk.); torah (Heb.)
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy

The Mosaic law/Torah; distinguish clearly from the Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito.’ (inherited from Romans package). In Ezekiel 20 this underlies the new compound ‘estatutos e preceitos’ (statutes and ordinances) — see that new entry below.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: santificação
Transliteration: hagiasmos (NT Gk.)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purificação cármica ao longo de reencarnações (leitura espírita)

The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy in this life, not the Kardecist doctrine of a spirit’s gradual purification across multiple incarnations. (inherited from Romans package). Directly extended in Ezekiel by the new Critical-risk doctrine and compound term ‘new_heart_and_new_spirit’ below (11:19, 36:26-27), which states the same anti-Kardecist contrast in the OT’s own vocabulary.

Grace

Approved rendering: graça
Transliteration: charis (NT Gk.)
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: mérito espiritual acumulado ao longo de vidas sucessivas

Unmerited favor received by faith, sharply distinguished from Kardecism’s doctrine of merit accumulated through moral effort across successive reincarnations. (inherited from Romans package). Relevant as the theological category underlying Ezekiel’s ‘new heart and new spirit’ as God’s own unilateral gift, not a program of self-improvement.

Son Of Man

Approved rendering: filho do homem
Transliteration: ben-adam (Heb.); huios anthropou (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Prophetic Office / Inspiration of Scripture
Original: בֶּן־אָדָם (ben-adam) / LXX υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Prophecy

NEW. God’s characteristic address to Ezekiel (93 occurrences), a Hebrew idiom for ‘human being’ emphasizing creaturely frailty before the transcendent Sovereign. Must be explicitly distinguished at first occurrence (ch. 2) and at major clusters from the baseline’s Critical Christological title ‘Filho de Deus,’ and from the later Danielic/Gospel messianic ‘Son of Man’ usage; here it denotes mortal humanity addressed by God, not a divine title.

David Servant

Approved rendering: meu servo Davi
Transliteration: David (Heb.); Dauid (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Davidic Shepherd-King
Original: דָּוִד (David)
Category: Christology

NEW (extends inherited ‘david’ proper-name entry). ‘One shepherd, my servant David’ (34:23-24; 37:24-25) carries significant messianic-hope weight requiring explicit teaching elaboration despite the low lexical risk of the proper name itself; doctrine risk is High in context though the name’s translation is fixed and unambiguous.

Word Of The Lord

Approved rendering: a palavra do SENHOR
Transliteration: devar-YHWH (Heb.)
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: revelação contínua transmitida por psicografia (leitura espírita)
Original: דְּבַר־יְהוָה (devar-YHWH) / LXX λόγος κυρίου
Category: Prophecy

NEW. God’s spoken revelation, effective and self-fulfilling, introducing nearly every major oracle in the book. Must be distinguished from Kardecist claims of ongoing revelation transcribed by mediums (psicografia); Ezekiel’s first-person revelatory formulas make this collision especially live throughout the book.

Hand Of The Lord

Approved rendering: a mão do SENHOR
Transliteration: yad-YHWH (Heb.)
Doctrine: Prophetic Commission and Inspiration
Rejected alternatives: transe mediúnico ou incorporação (leitura espírita/umbandista)
Original: יַד־יְהוָה (yad-YHWH) / LXX χεὶρ κυρίου
Category: Prophecy

NEW. Marks the onset of an involuntary, God-initiated prophetic experience (1:3; 3:14,22; 8:1; 33:22; 37:1; 40:1). Ezekiel’s pattern of falling, being seized, and transported risks assimilation to Kardecist or Umbanda mediumistic trance and incorporação, both mainstream Brazilian religious practices. Teaching must state this is the sovereign, one-directional action of the one true God, never a technique of mediumship.

Watchman

Approved rendering: vigia
Transliteration: tzofeh (Heb.); skopos (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility for Sin
Rejected alternatives: sentinela (associação indesejada com a publicação ‘A Sentinela’ das Testemunhas de Jeová)
Original: צֹפֶה (tzofeh) / LXX σκοπός
Category: Prophecy

NEW. A sentinel responsible to warn a city of danger, applied to the prophet’s responsibility to warn the people (3:17; ch. 33). Use ‘vigia,’ NOT ‘sentinela’: in Brazil, ‘sentinela’ is strongly associated with the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ flagship publication ‘A Sentinela,’ whose distinctive anti-Trinitarian doctrine is widely known; ‘vigia’ preserves meaning without the denominational collision.

Sign Act

Approved rendering: sinal / ato profético simbólico
Transliteration: ot (Heb.); sēmeion (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations
Rejected alternatives: ritual mágico repetível (associação com despachos umbandistas)
Original: אוֹת (ot) / LXX σημεῖον
Category: Prophecy

NEW. A divinely authorized symbolic/prophetic action embodying coming judgment (siege-model, bread rationing, hair-cutting, death of Ezekiel’s wife; chs. 4, 5, 12, 24). Physically dramatic sign-acts risk assimilation to Umbanda ritual practice (despachos) or folk-Catholic ritual acts. Teaching must state these are one-time, divinely commanded illustrative acts of a specific historical prophecy, not repeatable ritual technique.

Prophesy Verb

Approved rendering: profetizar
Transliteration: naba (Heb., Niphal imperative hinnave); prophēteuō (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: falar, anunciar (both soften the specific prophetic-authority sense)

NEW (verb form built on the baseline-adjacent noun ‘profeta’). Authoritative proclamation of a divine message, commanded and enabled by God (e.g., 37:4, ‘prophesy to these bones’); the prophetic word itself is the instrument of the miracle. Must not be softened to generic ‘falar’ or ‘anunciar,’ which would lose the specific prophetic-authority sense central to the doctrine of Scripture’s inspiration.

Turn Repent

Approved rendering: converter-se / arrepender-se
Transliteration: shuv (Heb.); epistrephō (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility for Sin
Rejected alternatives: processo gradual resolvido em vidas futuras (leitura espírita)
Original: שׁוּב (shuv) / LXX ἐπιστρέφω
Category: Sin

NEW. Repentance as a genuine change of moral direction within one’s present life, resulting in life rather than death (18:21,23,27,30-32). Must convey immediate, effective, one-life turning available now, reinforcing the anti-reincarnation contrast under ‘soul_person’; God explicitly desires this turning ‘now,’ not across a future incarnation (18:23, 32).

Idols

Approved rendering: ídolos
Transliteration: gillulim (Heb.); eidōla (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Idolatry and Covenant Unfaithfulness
Original: גִּלּוּלִים (gillulim) / LXX εἴδωλα
Category: Judgment

NEW. A deliberately contemptuous Hebrew term (root associated with ‘dung pellets’), used ~39 times, central to Ezekiel’s covenant-unfaithfulness charge. Preserve the polemical force; note sensitivity around Afro-Brazilian Candomblé/Umbanda veneration of images (often syncretized with Catholic saints, e.g., Iemanjá/Nossa Senhora dos Navegantes) without singling out any one community — the theological point is the object of ultimate allegiance, not any specific culture’s material practice.

Harlotry Covenant Unfaithfulness

Approved rendering: prostituição / infidelidade
Transliteration: zenunim / taznut (Heb.); porneia (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Idolatry and Covenant Unfaithfulness
Original: זְנוּנִים / תַּזְנוּת (zenunim / taznut) / LXX πορνεία
Category: Judgment

NEW. A figurative term for covenant infidelity — idolatry and illicit political alliances — pictured as marital betrayal of the LORD (chs. 16, 23). Must be taught explicitly as a covenant-fidelity metaphor, not primarily a teaching about literal sexual sin, since the graphic imagery can dominate popular teaching and eclipse the covenant-theology point.

Pride Heart Lifted Up

Approved rendering: orgulho / soberba de coração
Transliteration: govah lev (Heb.)
Doctrine: Pride and the Fall of the Proud
Original: גֹּבַהּ לֵב (govah lev) / LXX ὕψωσε τὴν καρδίαν
Category: Judgment

NEW. Self-deifying arrogance, the charge against the king of Tyre (28:2,5,17), whose oracle draws on Eden and cherub imagery (‘you were an anointed guardian cherub’). Teaching must note the interpretive care required: the historical king of Tyre is the primary referent; the Eden/cherub imagery’s typological resonance with cosmic pride (traditionally linked to Satan’s fall) is secondary. Avoid both a literal Satan-biography reading and dismissal as mere hyperbolic royal rhetoric.

Everlasting Covenant Of Peace

Approved rendering: aliança eterna / aliança de paz
Transliteration: berit olam / berit shalom (Heb.)
Doctrine: The Everlasting Covenant of Peace
Rejected alternatives: acordo temporário ou renegociável
Original: בְּרִית עוֹלָם / בְּרִית שָׁלוֹם (berit olam / berit shalom) / LXX διαθήκη αἰώνιος / εἰρήνης
Category: Covenant

NEW (compound built on baseline ‘aliança’ and ‘paz’). God’s unbreakable future covenant restoring Israel permanently under one shepherd-king, tying spiritual and territorial restoration together (16:60; 34:25; 37:26). Must convey a relational, permanent covenant bond, not a temporary or renegotiable arrangement; ties directly to the Davidic/new-covenant hope.

Sanctuary Temple

Approved rendering: santuário
Transliteration: miqdash (Heb.); hagiasma / naos (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Vision of the New Temple
Original: מִקְדָּשׁ (miqdash) / LXX ἁγίασμα / ναός
Category: Temple

NEW. God’s dwelling place among his people, profaned before the exile (ch. 8, 24) and rebuilt in the extended temple vision (chs. 37, 40-46, 48). Sustained consistency is required across the entire temple-vision block, directly continuing the doctrine of God’s presence departing and returning toward its resolution at chapters 43 and 48.

Mark On Forehead

Approved rendering: marca / sinal na testa
Transliteration: tav (Heb.); sēmeion (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Mark of God’s Protection
Rejected alternatives: amuleto autoprocurado (patuá, figa)
Original: תָּו (tav) / LXX σημεῖον
Category: Temple

NEW. A protective mark placed on the foreheads of those who grieve over Jerusalem’s sin (9:4-6), sparing them from judgment, a forerunner of the sealed foreheads of Revelation 7 and 14. Risk of assimilation to folk-Catholic and Afro-Brazilian protective talismans (patuás, figas); teaching must clarify this is God’s own sovereign act of election tied to genuine grief over sin, not a magical or self-procured amulet.

The Lord Is There

Approved rendering: O SENHOR está ali
Transliteration: YHWH shammah (Heb.)
Doctrine: God’s Presence Returning to the Temple
Original: יְהוָה שָׁמָּה (YHWH shammah) / LXX Κύριος ἐκεῖ
Category: Temple

NEW. The new name given to the restored city in the book’s final words (48:35), the definitive resolution of the presence-departure-and-return arc begun in chapter 1. Must use the fixed Tetragrammaton convention (SENHOR, small caps); this closing verse is the theological capstone of the entire book.

River Of Life

Approved rendering: o rio / as águas
Transliteration: hanachal / mayim (Heb.); ho potamos (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The River of Life and Healing
Original: הַנָּחַל / מַיִם (hanachal / mayim) / LXX ὁ ποταμός
Category: Temple

NEW. The river flowing from beneath the temple threshold, deepening as it flows, bringing life and healing to the Dead Sea (47:1-12). Draw the explicit canonical connection to Jesus’ ‘living water’ (John 4, 7) and Revelation’s river of life (both elsewhere in the wider curriculum), while keeping Ezekiel’s own historical/eschatological land-restoration referent primary.

Four Winds

Approved rendering: os quatro ventos
Transliteration: arba ruchot (Heb.)
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW. Compass-point winds, doubling as ‘the four breaths’ in the ruach wordplay (37:9). Natural Portuguese ‘os quatro ventos’ forecloses the ‘breath’ sense present in the Hebrew pun; a translator’s note is required so the connection to ‘breath of life’ is taught explicitly rather than lost to the reader’s ear.

Graves

Approved rendering: as vossas sepulturas
Transliteration: qivroteichem (Heb., from qevarim)
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones
Rejected alternatives: imagem sugestiva de reencarnação

NEW. Graves being opened (37:12-13), reinforcing the resurrection-shaped imagery of national return from exile. Must be taught as (a) a metaphor for restoration from Babylonian exile and (b) a genuine NT-informed anticipation of bodily resurrection, explicitly NOT reincarnation (same people returning to the same bodies/land in one decisive act, not a spirit entering new, unrelated bodies across many lifetimes).

Medium Risk Terms

Holy

Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios (NT Gk.); qadosh/qodesh (Heb.)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro em sentido ritual
Original: קֹדֶשׁ / קָדוֹשׁ (qodesh / qadosh) / LXX ἅγιος
Category: Temple

Set apart for God and morally pure; applies to all believers, not only the canonized. (inherited from Romans package). In Ezekiel, risk rises above baseline’s general rating in the graded-holiness architectural contexts of chapters 40-46: teach Ezekiel’s concentric-zone holiness (outer court, inner court, holy place, most holy place) as a structured, graded concept, not a flat undifferentiated sacredness.

Sin

Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia (NT Gk.); chatta’t/avon/pesha (Heb.)
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: erro a ser corrigido em vidas futuras (leitura espírita)
Original: חַטָּאת / עָוֹן / פֶּשַׁע (chatta’t / avon / pesha) / LXX ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Moral transgression before a personal, holy God requiring atonement in this life, not a correctable ‘erro’ worked off across future incarnations as Kardecism frames moral failure. (inherited from Romans package). Directly and repeatedly relevant to Ezekiel 18’s insistence on immediate, one-life accountability.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: reino de Deus
Transliteration: basileia tou theou (NT Gk.); cf. mamlakhah (Heb.)
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission

God’s sovereign reign, not a political state or the institutional church. (inherited from Romans package). Serves in Ezekiel 34 and 37 as the conceptual bridge for the one-king, one-nation reunification promises; distinguish from a merely political/nationalist restoration reading — God’s own reign exercised through the restored Davidic shepherd is the ultimate referent.

Shepherd

Approved rendering: pastor
Transliteration: ro’eh (Heb.); poimēn (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Davidic Shepherd-King
Original: רֹעֶה (ro’eh) / LXX ποιμήν (poimēn)
Category: Christology

NEW. Royal metaphor for a ruler’s care, applied to Israel’s failed leaders, to God himself, and to ‘my servant David’ as the future shepherd-king (ch. 34; 37:24). Because ‘pastor’ is also the everyday Brazilian Evangelical/Pentecostal clergy title, teaching must clarify the royal/messianic sense to avoid anachronistic flattening of the text’s Christological trajectory.

Abomination

Approved rendering: abominação
Transliteration: to’evah (Heb.); bdelygma (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Idolatry and Covenant Unfaithfulness
Original: תּוֹעֵבָה (to’evah) / LXX βδέλυγμα
Category: Judgment

NEW. Something detestable, ritually and morally repugnant to God, especially idolatry and its associated acts (chs. 5-9, 16, 18, 22, 33, 44). Standard covenant-violation term; render consistently across all occurrences.

Bloodguilt Bloodshed

Approved rendering: sangue derramado / culpa de sangue
Transliteration: damim (Heb.); haimata (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Corporate and Individual Guilt
Original: דָּמִים (damim) / LXX αἵματα
Category: Judgment

NEW (compound built on baseline general ‘sangue’ vocabulary). Violent, unjust killing that pollutes the land and demands reckoning (chs. 18, 22, 33). Extends the baseline’s general blood vocabulary to this specific covenantal-guilt sense.

Dragon Sea Monster

Approved rendering: monstro / dragão
Transliteration: tannin (Heb.); drakōn (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Original: תַּנִּין (tannin) / LXX δράκων
Category: Judgment

NEW. A chaos-monster image from Ancient Near Eastern mythology, applied to Pharaoh as a great river-monster subordinated to God’s judgment (29:3; 32:2). Low collision with mainstream Brazilian culture; note general caution against assimilation to unrelated regional serpent folklore (e.g., Boitatá); the point is God’s sovereignty over even the mightiest earthly power.

Gog And Magog

Approved rendering: Gogue / Magogue
Transliteration: Gog / Magog (Heb.)
Doctrine: Gog and Magog: Eschatological Judgment
Original: גּוֹג / מָגוֹג (Gog / Magog)
Category: Judgment

NEW. Proper names of an eschatological enemy and land/people (chs. 38-39). Transliterate as ‘Gogue’/‘Magogue’ per established Portuguese Bible convention. Thematically linked to Revelation 20 (elsewhere in the wider curriculum); teach the canonical connection while resisting speculative identification with specific modern nations, a live tendency in Brazilian Evangelical prophecy-conference culture.

Statutes And Ordinances

Approved rendering: estatutos e preceitos
Transliteration: chuqqim u-mishpatim (Heb.)
Doctrine: Covenant Law
Rejected alternatives: ordem cósmica ou cármica impessoal
Original: חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים (chuqqim u-mishpatim) / LXX δικαιώματα καὶ κρίματα
Category: Covenant

NEW (compound built on baseline ‘lei’ concept). The body of Mosaic covenant stipulations given at Sinai (ch. 20, 44-46). Distinguish from any generic cosmic-law or karma-like framework — these are the LORD’s specific covenant stipulations to a specific people, not universal impersonal law.

Cherubim Living Creatures

Approved rendering: querubins / seres viventes
Transliteration: keruvim / chayot (Heb.); cheroubim (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Inaugural Vision of God’s Transcendence
Rejected alternatives: seres extraterrestres (leitura sincretista do Vale do Amanhecer)
Original: כְּרוּבִים / חַיּוֹת (keruvim / chayot) / LXX χερουβίμ
Category: Temple

NEW. Throne-guardian angelic beings surrounding God’s glory (ch. 1), identified as cherubim in ch. 10, appearing again in the Tyre oracle (ch. 28). Same caution as ‘glory’ regarding Vale do Amanhecer’s UFO-syncretistic reinterpretation of Ezekiel 1’s imagery: avoid any rendering suggestive of alien or extraterrestrial beings.

Prince

Approved rendering: príncipe
Transliteration: nasi (Heb.); archōn (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Vision of the New Temple
Rejected alternatives: rei (perderia a distinção deliberada de ‘nasi’ vs. ‘melek’)
Original: נָשִׂיא (nasi) / LXX ἄρχων
Category: Temple

NEW. A leader deliberately distinguished from ‘melek’ (king) — the reigning Judean ruler at judgment (ch. 12) and, later, a humbler restored leadership office (chs. 34, 37, 44-46). Never render as ‘rei’; the deliberate title choice signals a check on unrestrained royal power and an open pointer toward the ultimate Davidic king/shepherd.

Kingdom Of God Restoration

Approved rendering: reino de Deus
Transliteration: cf. mamlakhah (Heb.); basileia tou theou (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Reunification of Israel and Judah
Rejected alternatives: leitura política/nacionalista da restauração
Original: cf. מַמְלָכָה (mamlakhah) / LXX βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

NEW (extends inherited baseline ‘kingdom_of_god’ entry). The conceptual bridge for Ezekiel’s one-king, one-nation reunification promises (chs. 34, 37). Distinguish from a political/nationalist restoration reading; God’s sovereign reign exercised through the restored Davidic shepherd is the ultimate referent.

Likeness

Approved rendering: semelhança
Transliteration: demut (Heb.)
Doctrine: The Inaugural Vision of God’s Transcendence

NEW. A careful term of analogy, not identity — ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD’ (1:28). Preserve the text’s own epistemic humility (repeated ‘likeness of,’ ‘appearance of’) to avoid overclaiming a literal description of God’s essence.

Jealousy Image

Approved rendering: imagem do ciúme
Transliteration: qin’ah (Heb.)
Doctrine: Idolatry and Covenant Unfaithfulness
Rejected alternatives: ciúme humano trivial

NEW. God’s covenantal jealousy provoked by a rival idol placed in his own temple (8:3-5). Must be understood in the covenantal-marriage sense (cf. ch. 16, 23), not petty human jealousy.

The End

Approved rendering: o fim
Transliteration: haqetz (Heb.)
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem
Rejected alternatives: um tempo difícil vago

NEW. The decisive, final moment of judgment upon the land (ch. 7). Must not be diluted into a vague ‘difficult time’; retains the sense of definitive divine judgment.

Two Sticks

Approved rendering: os dois bastões
Transliteration: shnei ha’etzim (Heb.)
Doctrine: Reunification of Israel and Judah

NEW. The sign-act representing Judah and Israel (Joseph/Ephraim) reunited as one nation under ‘one king, my servant David’ (37:15-28). Requires Old Testament background (the divided monarchy) many culturally Christian Brazilian readers were never catechized in.

Throne Place

Approved rendering: o lugar do meu trono
Transliteration: meqom kis’i (Heb.)
Doctrine: God’s Presence Returning to the Temple

NEW. ‘The place of my throne… where I will dwell’ (43:7). Reinforces the permanence of the restored presence, in contrast to the temporary, mobile theophany of ch. 1.

Shut Gate

Approved rendering: a porta fechada
Transliteration: sha’ar sagur (Heb.)
Doctrine: The Vision of the New Temple

NEW. The gate through which only the LORD may pass, having entered through it (44:1-2). Symbolizes the unrepeatable, unique nature of the LORD’s return, reinforcing rather than duplicating the ch. 43 entry event.

Raise Up

Approved rendering: eu vos farei subir / eu vos levantarei
Transliteration: ha’aloti (Heb., Hiphil ‘I will bring up’)
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW. Deliberately echoes exodus-from-Egypt language, casting the return from exile as a second exodus accomplished entirely by God’s initiative (37:12). Prefer a verb form distinct from ‘ressurreição’-family vocabulary at the literal grammatical level, while teaching notes still draw the typological connection explicitly.

Declares The Lord

Approved rendering: diz o SENHOR
Transliteration: ne’um-YHWH (Heb.)
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: diz o senhor (letras minúsculas, perde a convenção do Tetragrama)

NEW. The formal prophetic seal authenticating the preceding oracle as God’s own speech. Must render ‘SENHOR’ per the Tetragrammaton convention, never plain ‘Senhor,’ to keep the divine-name distinction consistent throughout the book.

Whole House Of Israel

Approved rendering: toda a casa de Israel
Transliteration: kol-beit Yisrael (Heb.)
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW. The covenant nation as a corporate whole, identified in the text itself as the referent of the dry-bones vision (37:11). Teaching must clarify the corporate-national referent before any typological extension to individual bodily resurrection, so the passage is not immediately over-individualized away from its historical audience.

Low Risk Terms

Israel

Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Yisra’el (Heb.); Israēl (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisra’el) / LXX Ἰσραήλ
Category: Church

Standard proper name. (inherited from Romans package). In Ezekiel, extend the baseline’s political-sensitivity awareness to the book’s frequent territorial and land-restoration language (chs. 36-37, 47-48); teach with the historical exile audience in view before any modern political application.

David

Approved rendering: Davi
Transliteration: Dawid (Heb.); Dauid (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant

Standard proper name. (inherited from Romans package). In Ezekiel 34 and 37, ‘meu servo Davi’ (my servant David) carries significant messianic-hope weight as the promised future shepherd-king; see new entry ‘david_servant’ below for the doctrinal elaboration required despite the name’s own low lexical risk.

Gentiles

Approved rendering: gentios
Transliteration: ethnē (NT Gk.); ha-goyim (Heb.)
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: pagãos (pejorative)

Standard term. (inherited from Romans package). In Ezekiel’s oracle-against-nations chapters (25-32, 35, 38-39) and mission passages, ‘as nações’ is often more natural than ‘gentios’ for the general sense of foreign peoples; reserve ‘gentios’ for contexts foregrounding the Jew/Gentile theological contrast. Keep the recognition formula identical whether applied to Israel or to the nations.

Prophet

Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs (NT Gk.); navi (Heb.)
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: médium (channeler of spirit messages)

God’s spokesperson, not a Kardecist medium channeling messages from discarnate spirits. (inherited from Romans package). Risk is elevated above this baseline Low rating specifically in Ezekiel because the book’s vivid sign-acts and trance-like ecstatic states (hand of the LORD, transport experiences) raise the practical risk of conflation with Kardecist mediumship and Umbanda incorporação well above the baseline’s general NT-context rating; treat as effectively High in this curriculum.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: profecia
Transliteration: prophēteia (NT Gk.); nevu’ah (Heb.)
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: psicografia (spirit messages transcribed through mediums)

God-inspired declaration, not psicografia, the well-known Kardecist practice of mediums transcribing messages purportedly from the dead. (inherited from Romans package). Ezekiel’s first-person revelatory formulas (‘a palavra do SENHOR veio a mim’) make this collision especially live throughout the book; see new entry ‘word_of_the_lord’ below.

Gentiles Nations

Approved rendering: as nações / os gentios
Transliteration: ha-goyim (Heb.); ta ethnē (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Original: הַגּוֹיִם (ha-goyim) / LXX τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Church

NEW (extends inherited baseline ‘gentiles’ entry for the oracle-against-nations context). Non-Israelite peoples, subject of the extended judgment oracles (chs. 25-32, 35, 38-39) and of God’s universal self-vindication. Keep the fixed recognition formula identical when applied to the nations, per the Theological Consistency Rule.

Valley

Approved rendering: vale
Transliteration: biq’ah (Heb.)
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW. A broad valley or plain, in prophetic literature often the site of judgment or a battlefield strewn with the slain (37:1-2). No significant collision; keep concrete and non-metaphorical to preserve the vividness of the vision.

High Places

Approved rendering: lugares altos
Transliteration: bamot (Heb.)
Doctrine: Idolatry and Covenant Unfaithfulness

NEW. Illegitimate elevated cultic worship sites, often associated with syncretistic or Canaanite religious practice (ch. 6).

Whitewash

Approved rendering: caiar / cobrir com cal
Transliteration: tafal (Heb.)
Doctrine: Prophetic Commission and Inspiration

NEW. Plastering over a structurally unsound wall — a metaphor for false prophets’ empty reassurances (ch. 13), reinforcing the contrast between true and false claims to divine revelation.

Dross

Approved rendering: escória
Transliteration: sig (Heb.)
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem

NEW. A refining-metal metaphor applied to purging sin from the people (ch. 22).

Measuring Reed

Approved rendering: cana de medir
Transliteration: qaneh hammidah (Heb.)
Doctrine: The Vision of the New Temple

NEW. A reed used as a measuring rod (chs. 40-42), signaling the temple vision’s precise, ordered, God-given character.

Healing Leaves

Approved rendering: cura
Transliteration: terufah (Heb.)
Doctrine: The River of Life and Healing

NEW. The leaves of the trees along the temple river are ‘for healing’ (47:12). Note the shared vocabulary with contemporary Brazilian Pentecostal healing-ministry language — the Ezekiel referent is comprehensive, eschatological, and land-wide, not an individual healing-service claim.

Hope Cut Off

Approved rendering: a nossa esperança pereceu; estamos cortados
Transliteration: tiqvatenu / nigzarnu (Heb.)
Doctrine: Hope Amid Exile

NEW. The exiles’ own words of despair (37:11), voiced before God answers it. Retain the vividness of total despair so the reversal in vv.12-14 lands with its intended rhetorical and emotional weight.

Rebellious House

Approved rendering: casa rebelde
Transliteration: beit meri (Heb.)
Doctrine: Prophetic Commission and Inspiration

NEW. Covenant-breaking, obstinate resistance to God (ch. 2), describing Israel as the audience of Ezekiel’s commission.

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