Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Leviticus — Portuguese Language Package
This glossary catalogs every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of Leviticus (chapters 1–27), with priority given to the core passage (Leviticus 16:1-34). Terms already fixed in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and must not be altered. New terms required specifically for Leviticus are proposed with full risk justification, using the identical Critical/High/Medium/Low framework established in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Reused Baseline Terms (Exact Reuse Required)
| Term (EN) | Hebrew / LXX Greek | Portuguese | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| holy | קָדוֹשׁ (qadosh) / ἅγιος (hagios) | santo | Critical | 10, 11, 19, 20, 21-22, 23 | Reuse baseline exactly. Leviticus 19:2 (“Sede santos, porque eu sou santo”) is this book’s thesis-statement parallel to Romans 1:16-17; treat with equal weight. |
| saints (corporate, all-believers-analog / “holy ones”) | קְדֹשִׁים (qedoshim) | santos | Critical | 19, 20 | Same Critical collision as baseline: Brazilian Catholic piety reserves “santos” for canonized figures; Leviticus applies holiness-calling to the whole covenant community. |
| sin | חַטָּאת / חֵטְא (chatta’ah/chet) / ἁμαρτία | pecado | High | 4, 5, 16, 19 | Reuse baseline exactly; must not be read as Kardecist correctable “erro” across reincarnations. |
| law | תּוֹרָה/חֹק (torah/choq) / νόμος | lei | High | throughout (statutes, ordinances) | Reuse baseline exactly for “statute/ordinance” language (חֻקַּת עוֹלָם). |
| covenant | בְּרִית (berit) / διαθήκη | aliança | High | 2, 24, 25, 26 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| glory | כָּבוֹד (kavod) / δόξα | glória | Medium | 9 | Reuse baseline exactly; appears as divine confirmation of accepted atonement. |
| gentiles / nations | גּוֹיִם (goyim) / ἔθνη | gentios / nações | Low-Medium | 18, 20 | Reuse baseline “gentios” where the contrast is specifically Israel-vs-nations religious practice. |
| lord (YHWH) | יְהוָה (YHWH) / κύριος | Senhor | Critical | throughout | Reuse baseline form “Senhor,” but flag the distinct referent (covenant name YHWH) vs. the Romans usage as a Christological title; teach the connection without collapsing the distinction. |
| intercession / mediation (conceptual) | (priestly mediating function) / — | intercessão / mediação | High | 8, 9, 16 (priestly role) | Conceptually extends baseline “intercessão” (Spirit’s/Christ’s intercession) backward to the Levitical priest’s mediating role; must be distinguished from Kardecist mediums (“médiuns”) who mediate with the dead — a close phonetic/conceptual collision unique to this book’s priesthood doctrine. |
B. New Terms Required for Leviticus (Proposed Rendering + Risk Assessment)
| Term (EN) | Hebrew | LXX Greek | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| atonement (verb: to atone) | כִּפֶּר (kipper) | ἐξιλάσκομαι (exilaskomai) | kipper / exilaskomai | ”to cover, purge, propitiate” | expiar / fazer expiação | Critical | Sacrificial System and Atonement | ”reparar/compensar” (implies self-achieved moral correction, resonant with Kardecist karmic reparação); “purificar” alone (too weak, loses propitiatory/substitutionary force) | Central verb of Leviticus 16; must anticipate Romans 3:25’s ἱλαστήριον and be taught as received, not achieved. |
| atonement cover / mercy seat | כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporet) | ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion) | kapporet / hilastērion | ”the covering/place of atonement” | propiciatório | Critical | Sacrificial System and Atonement; Day of Atonement | ”tampa da arca” (loses atoning function); “trono de misericórdia” (imports unwarranted throne-imagery) | Must render identically to whatever this Language Package fixes for Romans 3:25 hilastērion — direct cross-Testament lexical bridge. |
| Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) | יוֹם כִּפֻּר / כִּפֻּרִים | ἡμέρα ἱλασμοῦ | Yom Kippur | ”Day of Atonement(s)“ | Dia da Expiação (gloss: “Yom Kipur”) | High | The Day of Atonement | — | Present both the doctrinal Portuguese term and the transliterated Hebrew name for cultural/historical recognition; teach the once-a-year repetition as contrasted with Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice (Hebrews 9-10). |
| scapegoat / substitution (Azazel-goat) | עֲזָאזֵל / הַשָּׂעִיר לַעֲזָאזֵל | ἀποπομπαῖος (or transliterated Αζαζηλ) | Azazel | debated: “goat of departure” / demon-name / place-name | Azazel (proper noun, transliterated); rite described as “o bode enviado para Azazel” | High | The Scapegoat and Substitution | Do not render as an offering “to” a rival spiritual entity | Must clarify the goat is not sacrificed to Azazel; it symbolically removes sin, distinct from the LORD’s goat, which is slain in propitiation. |
| scapegoat (general doctrinal concept / idiom) | (see above, via נָשָׂא, nasa, “bear”) | (ἀναφέρει, or descriptive) | nasa | ”to bear, carry, lift up” | levar sobre si / carregar (doctrinal); caution re: idiom “bode expiatório” | Critical | The Scapegoat and Substitution | Do not rely on the bare idiom “bode expiatório” without explanatory framing | Modern Portuguese idiom has secularized to mean “unfairly blamed person,” stripped of substitutionary-atonement content; every occurrence requires a doctrinal note recovering the full sense (cf. Isaiah 53:12’s same verb, nasa). |
| blood (sacrificial/doctrinal sense) | דָּם (dam) | αἷμα (haima) | dam / haima | ”blood,” seat of life (נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh) | sangue | Critical | Sacrificial System and Atonement | — | Direct collision risk with Candomblé/Umbanda blood-offering practice (oferendas); must be taught as unique, divinely instituted, life-for-life substitutionary atonement, not a generic cross-cultural “blood offering” category. |
| sacrifice (general) | קָרְבָּן / זֶבַח (qorban/zevach) | θυσία (thysia) | qorban / thysia | ”that which is brought near / slaughtered offering” | sacrifício | High | Sacrificial System and Atonement | — | Same collision risk as “sangue” above; teach as divinely prescribed, substitutionary, pointing to Christ — not one instance of a general human religious category of animal sacrifice (relevant given Afro-Brazilian sacrificial practice as a live cultural referent). |
| burnt offering | עֹלָה (olah) | ὁλοκαύτωμα (holokautōma) | olah | ”that which ascends” | oferta queimada (avoid unglossed “holocausto”) | High | Sacrificial System and Atonement | unglossed “holocausto” (risks Shoah association in contemporary Portuguese) | Ch. 1 and throughout; gloss carefully at first use if “holocausto” is retained for tradition’s sake. |
| grain offering | מִנְחָה (minchah) | θυσία / δῶρον | minchah | ”gift, tribute” | oferta de cereais | Medium | Sacrificial System | archaic “oferta de manjares” | Ch. 2. |
| peace/fellowship offering | שְׁלָמִים (shelamim) | θυσία σωτηρίου (thysia sōtēriou) | shelamim | ”offering of wholeness/peace” | oferta de paz | High | Sacrificial System; Peace with God (typological) | — | Ch. 3. LXX σωτήριος bridges to baseline salvação (Critical); teach as type, not equivalent, of NT salvation. |
| sin offering | חַטָּאת (chatta’ah) | περὶ ἁμαρτίας | chatta’ah | ”offering that deals with sin/missing the mark” | oferta pelo pecado | High | Sacrificial System and Atonement | — | Chs. 4, 16; distinguish unintentional sin’s need for atonement from Kardecist self-correctable “erro.” |
| guilt/trespass offering | אָשָׁם (asham) | πλημμέλεια | asham | ”offering for guilt requiring restitution” | oferta pela culpa | Medium | Sacrificial System and Atonement | ”oferta de reparação” used alone without sacrificial framing | Ch. 5; caution re: Kardecist “reparação cármica” resonance if framed as self-directed restitution alone. |
| anointing / anointing oil | מָשַׁח / מִשְׁחָה (mashach/mishchah) | χρῖσμα (chrisma) | mashach | ”to anoint, smear with oil for consecration” | unção / óleo da unção | Critical | The Priesthood and Mediation; typological link to Messianic Promise (baseline) | — | Root shared with Mashiach/Messias (baseline Critical term). Must not be leveled to generic Pentecostal “unção” experience or Candomblé/Umbanda ritual consecration; teach exclusive, covenantal consecration typologically fulfilled in Christ. |
| priest / high priest | כֹּהֵן / הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל (kohen/kohen hagadol) | ἱερεύς / ἀρχιερεύς | kohen | ”one who mediates before God on behalf of the people” | sacerdote / sumo sacerdote | High | The Priesthood and Mediation | ”padre” (too narrowly evokes Catholic clergy alone without the mediatorial/sacrificial dimension); “médium” (forbidden — see below) | Prefer “sacerdote,” the term already used in Portuguese Bible tradition for OT priests, reserving “padre” for its Catholic-specific institutional sense to avoid confusion. |
| mediator (conceptual, priestly office) | — (functional role) | μεσίτης (mesitēs, NT cognate concept) | — | “one who stands between two parties” | mediador | Critical | The Priesthood and Mediation | NEVER “médium” | Direct phonetic/conceptual collision risk: Kardecist “médium” (medium) is a mainstream, organized-religion term for a person who channels communication with discarnate spirits. Levitical priestly mediation is a wholly different category — divinely appointed, sacrifice-based, forward-pointing to Christ’s unique mediation (1 Timothy 2:5) — and must never be rendered or explained using “médium”-adjacent vocabulary. |
| clean | טָהוֹר (tahor) | καθαρός (katharos) | tahor | ”ritually/morally pure” | puro / limpo | High | Clean and Unclean | — | Ch. 11 and throughout; distinguish from Kardecist “vibração” purity language and Candomblé/Umbanda ritual purity (quizila) categories. |
| unclean | טָמֵא (tamei) | ἀκάθαρτος (akathartos) | tamei | ”ritually/morally impure, contaminating” | impuro / imundo | High | Clean and Unclean | — | Ch. 10-15; teach as covenantal pedagogy pointing toward moral-spiritual holiness, fulfilled/reinterpreted in the NT (Mark 7; Acts 10). |
| holy vs. common | קֹדֶשׁ / חֹל (qodesh/chol) | ἅγιος / βέβηλος | qodesh/chol | ”set apart for God” vs. “ordinary, available for common use” | santo / comum | Critical | The Holiness of God and the Call to Be Holy | — | Ch. 10:10, the book’s programmatic distinction-statement; treat with the weight of a thesis verse. |
| skin disease (“leprosy”) | צָרַעַת (tsara’at) | λέπρα (lepra) | tsara’at | broad category of visible spreading skin/mold/mildew corruption | lepra (traditional) / doença de pele/praga (clarifying) | Medium | Clean and Unclean | unqualified modern-medical “lepra” without clarifying note | Chs. 13-14; avoid clinical misreading and contemporary Hansen’s-disease stigma; concern is ritual-symbolic corruption, not a specific diagnosis. |
| Sabbath | שַׁבָּת (Shabbat) | σάββατον (sabbaton) | Shabbat | ”rest, cessation” | sábado | High | Sabbath and Sacred Time | — | Ch. 23, 25, 26; collision with Seventh-day Adventist ongoing-observance teaching (significant Brazilian presence) and with purely secular “day off” reading; teach fulfillment in Christ (Hebrews 4) without either extreme. |
| holy convocation / appointed times | מוֹעֲדִים / מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ (mo’adim/miqra’ei qodesh) | ἑορταί / κλητὰς ἁγίας | mo’adim | ”appointed meeting-times set apart by God” | tempos determinados / santas convocações | High | Sabbath and Sacred Time | — | Ch. 23; God, not human custom, owns and determines sacred time. |
| Jubilee | יוֹבֵל (yovel) | ἄφεσις (aphesis) | yovel | ”ram’s horn (trumpet) signaling release” | Jubileu | Medium | (contextual to Sabbath/Sacred Time; land/debt release) | — | Ch. 25; distinguish from later Catholic liturgical “Anos Jubilares” and liberation-theology appropriations while accurately teaching the specific biblical release-of-debts/land content. |
| kinsman-redeemer | גֹּאֵל (go’el) | ἀγχιστεύς (agchisteus) | go’el | ”one with the right/duty to redeem/buy back a relative” | redentor / resgatador | High | (typological anticipation of Christ as Redeemer) | generic “libertador” alone (loses kinship/legal-obligation dimension) | Ch. 25; direct typological line to Christ; teach the costly, kinship-based, legally binding nature of the go’el’s action. |
| vow | נֶדֶר (neder) | εὐχή (euchē) | neder | ”a voluntary binding promise to God” | voto | Medium | (worship/dedication) | — | Ch. 27. |
| devoted thing / ban | חֵרֶם (cherem) | ἀνάθεμα (anathema) | cherem | ”wholly devoted / set apart, sometimes for destruction” | consagrado / totalmente dedicado (positive sense); anátema (destruction-ban sense only) | Medium | (dedication; distinct from excommunication) | unqualified “anátema” for all cherem occurrences | Ch. 27; “anátema” carries strong Catholic-heritage excommunication connotations — reserve for destruction-ban sense only, with clarifying note. |
| love your neighbor | וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ (ve’ahavta lere’acha kamocha) | ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν | ahavta l’re’acha kamocha | ”you shall love your fellow-covenant-member as yourself” | amarás o teu próximo como a ti mesmo | High | Love of Neighbor (Leviticus 19:18) | — | Ch. 19:18; risk is secularization/cliché-flattening in contemporary Portuguese civic usage — teach as flowing from “I am the LORD,” covenantal not merely humanitarian. |
| sojourner/foreigner | גֵּר (ger) | πάροικος (paroikos) | ger | ”resident alien, sojourner” | estrangeiro / forasteiro | Medium | Love of Neighbor (extension to the vulnerable outsider) | — | Ch. 19:34; socially loaded term in contemporary immigration discourse — teach the command’s deliberate scope extension. |
| bear (iniquity, transferred guilt) | נָשָׂא (nasa) | ἀναφέρω / λαμβάνω | nasa | ”to bear, carry, lift, take away” | levar sobre si / carregar | Critical | The Scapegoat and Substitution | — | Same verb as Isaiah 53:12; central to substitutionary theology, must be flagged wherever it recurs. |
| confession (of sin) | הִתְוַדָּה (hitvadah) | ἐξομολογέομαι (exomologeomai) | hitvadah | ”to confess, acknowledge specifically” | confessar | Medium | Sacrificial System and Atonement; The Scapegoat and Substitution | — | Ch. 16:21; specific, verbal, public confession precedes transfer of guilt onto the substitute. |
| veil / curtain | פָּרֹכֶת (parochet) | καταπέτασμα (katapetasma) | parochet | ”the dividing curtain before the Ark” | véu | Medium | The Holiness of God and the Call to Be Holy; Priesthood and Mediation | — | Ch. 16:2; tie forward to the NT temple-veil tearing at Christ’s death (same Greek word). |
| statute forever / perpetual ordinance | חֻקַּת עוֹלָם (chuqqat olam) | νόμιμον αἰώνιον | chuqqat olam | ”an ordinance for all generations (within the old covenant)“ | estatuto perpétuo | Medium | (covenant law framework) | — | Requires nuance: “forever” = for the old-covenant administration, fulfilled not annulled in Christ. |
C. Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference Table
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Terms (this glossary) | Highest Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|
| The Sacrificial System and Atonement | expiação (kipper), sacrifício, sangue, oferta queimada, oferta de cereais, oferta de paz, oferta pelo pecado, oferta pela culpa | Critical |
| The Holiness of God and the Call to Be Holy | santo (baseline), santo/comum (qodesh/chol), Sede santos (Lev 19:2) | Critical |
| The Priesthood and Mediation | sacerdote, sumo sacerdote, unção, mediador (contrast: NEVER médium), imposição das mãos | Critical |
| Clean and Unclean | puro/limpo, impuro/imundo, lepra/doença de pele | High |
| The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) | Dia da Expiação, propiciatório, uma vez por ano | Critical |
| The Scapegoat and Substitution | Azazel, bode expiatório (idiom caution), levar sobre si (nasa), confessar | Critical |
| Sabbath and Sacred Time | sábado, tempos determinados/santas convocações, Jubileu | High |
| Love of Neighbor (Leviticus 19:18) | amarás o teu próximo como a ti mesmo, estrangeiro/forasteiro | High |
D. Version Control Note
This glossary is designed to be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment required) prior to Phase 2 segment translation of Leviticus curriculum materials. All Critical and High risk new terms in Section B require human theologian review before first use, per the routing conventions established in the Romans baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json. Terms in Section A must be validated against the existing baseline file and never re-defined.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justiça
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado por esforço moral próprio
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Relevant to teaching Leviticus’s atonement system as anticipating, not achieving, the forensic right standing later revealed fully in Romans.
Justification
Approved rendering: justificação
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: progresso espiritual gradual
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Cross-referenced in 11_doctrine_analysis.md with the Day of Atonement doctrine: Yom Kippur’s annual repetition is the OT backdrop against which Romans’ justification-by-faith-once-for-all logic must be taught.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvação
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Directly bridged from Leviticus’s peace/fellowship offering (shelamim, LXX thysia sōtēriou); must be taught as a type anticipating, never diluting, this Critical baseline term.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ressurreição
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: reencarnação
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. NEVER ‘reencarnação.’ Relevant to Leviticus teaching material connecting the Day of Atonement’s once-a-year repetition to the finality of Christ’s resurrection and once-for-all sacrifice (Hebrews 9-10).
Lord
Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Senhor apenas em sentido devocional, sem reivindicação de senhorio total
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. In Leviticus curriculum materials, teach the connection between this Christological title and the covenant-name usage recorded separately under ‘lord_yhwh’ below, without collapsing the distinction.
Lord Yhwh
Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: YHWH / kyrios (LXX)
Doctrine: The Holiness of God
Original: יְהוָה (YHWH) / κύριος (kyrios)
Category: God
Extends the Romans baseline ‘lord’ entry for this curriculum’s specific usage: in Leviticus, ‘Senhor’ translates the covenant name YHWH, used over 300 times as the one who commands, accepts, and defines all sacrifice and holiness — a distinct referent from ‘Senhor’ as the NT Christological title of Lordship (Romans 10:9), though pointing to the same God. Teach the connection without collapsing the distinction. Contextualized per assets/bible_term_registry.json (Leviticus asset).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: um espírito superior ou mais evoluído (leitura espírita de Jesus como ‘o mais evoluído dos espíritos’)
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Relevant to the typological trajectory of the anointing (mashach) of Levitical priests toward Jesus as the ultimate Anointed One; see ‘anointing’ entry below.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Iēsous / Yeshua
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Relevant throughout teaching material tying Levitical typology (priesthood, sacrifice, anointing, scapegoat) forward to its fulfillment in Jesus.
God
Approved rendering: Deus
Transliteration: theos / Elohim / YHWH
Doctrine: The Holiness of God
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Standard and unambiguous; pastoral awareness note retained regarding Afro-Brazilian syncretism (orixás and Catholic saints) applies equally in Leviticus teaching on divine holiness.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espírito Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Leviticus itself rarely names the Spirit directly, but the Spirit’s ongoing sanctifying work (santificação) is the NT lens through which Leviticus’s holiness-code material is properly taught; retain the same Critical distinction from Kardecist/Candomblé-Umbanda spirit-framings.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: justiça imputada
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: justiça infundida (categoria tridentina), justiça conquistada por mérito próprio ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Cross-referenced with the Scapegoat and Substitution doctrine: the guilt-bearing substitute (nasa) anticipates the imputation logic later made explicit in Romans 4-5.
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: qadosh / hagios
Doctrine: The Holiness of God and the Call to Be Holy
Rejected alternatives: puro em sentido ritual
Original: קָדוֹשׁ (qadosh) / ἅγιος (hagios)
Category: Holiness
Inherited from Romans package unchanged in risk (Critical); scope substantially extended per assets/bible_term_registry.json (Leviticus asset): Leviticus applies ‘santo’ not only to persons (as in Romans 1:7) but to objects, places, times, and animals, a usage range absent from Romans. Explicitly deny that holiness is a transferable magical property of an object independent of God’s own declared authorization. Leviticus 19:2 is the OT source 1 Peter 1:16 quotes and must be treated with the weight of a thesis verse.
Saints
Approved rendering: santos
Transliteration: qedoshim / hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
Rejected alternatives: santos venerados e invocados como intercessores
Original: קְדֹשִׁים (qedoshim) / ἅγιοι (hagioi)
Category: Holiness
Inherited from Romans package unchanged (Critical). Leviticus 19-20 apply the word to the entire nation of Israel as God’s set-apart people, requiring the same explanatory note as Romans 1:7: this is a corporate designation, not an ascetic or canonized elite.
Atonement Kipper
Approved rendering: expiar / fazer expiação
Transliteration: kipper / exilaskomai
Doctrine: The Sacrificial System and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: reparar / compensar (self-achieved moral correction, resonant with Kardecist reparação cármica), purificar (too weak alone, loses propitiatory/substitutionary force), expiar a pena (secular-legal penal idiom, drains propitiatory content)
Original: כִּפֶּר (kipper) / ἐξιλάσκομαι (exilaskomai)
Category: Atonement
The central verb of Leviticus 16, occurring roughly 16 times in that chapter alone. Must never imply self-achieved moral correction or mere legal penalty-serving. This is the OT term that most directly anticipates the baseline’s Critical entries ‘justificação’ and ‘salvação.‘
Atonement Cover
Approved rendering: propiciatório
Transliteration: kapporet / hilastērion
Doctrine: The Day of Atonement
Rejected alternatives: tampa da arca (loses atoning function), trono de misericórdia (imports unwarranted throne-imagery)
Original: כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporet) / ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion)
Category: Atonement
Romans 3:25 applies the identical LXX word (hilastērion) to Christ himself. MUST render identically to whatever this Language Package fixes for that Romans occurrence, since Leviticus 16 is its OT anchor. Not itself an object of veneration; it is functional — the locus of the atoning act.
Day Of Atonement
Approved rendering: Dia da Expiação (Yom Kipur)
Transliteration: Yom Kippur / Yom Kippurim
Doctrine: The Day of Atonement
Original: יוֹם כִּפֻּר / כִּפֻּרִים (Yom Kippur/Kippurim) / ἡμέρα ἱλασμοῦ
Category: Day of Atonement
Dual-name required: doctrinal calque plus transliterated cultural name, anchoring the term in living Brazilian Jewish religious plurality while teaching fulfillment-trajectory. The strict annual repetition (‘uma vez por ano,’ Lev 16:34) is the very feature Hebrews 9-10 later contrasts with Christ’s singular, final atonement.
Bear Iniquity Nasa
Approved rendering: levar sobre si / carregar
Transliteration: nasa
Doctrine: The Scapegoat and Substitution
Rejected alternatives: bode expiatório (bare secular idiom without doctrinal framing)
Original: נָשָׂא (nasa) / ἀναφέρω / λαμβάνω
Category: Substitution
The theological pivot of substitution; identical verb to Isaiah 53:12’s Suffering Servant. Mandatory pastoral note required at every occurrence: modern Portuguese ‘bode expiatório’ has secularized to mean simply ‘someone unfairly blamed,’ stripped of substitutionary-atonement content.
Blood
Approved rendering: sangue
Transliteration: dam / haima
Doctrine: The Sanctity of Blood
Original: דָּם (dam) / αἷμα (haima)
Category: Atonement
Direct collision risk with mainstream Brazilian Candomblé/Umbanda animal-blood oferendas. Must be taught as a unique, divinely instituted, life-for-life substitutionary atonement fulfilled in Christ (Hebrews 9-10), never a generic cross-cultural ‘blood offering to spiritual powers.‘
Life In The Blood
Approved rendering: a vida da carne está no sangue
Transliteration: nefesh habasar bedamo hi
Doctrine: The Sanctity of Blood
Original: נֶפֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר בְּדָמוֹ הִוא (nefesh habasar bedamo hi) / ψυχὴ πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν
Category: Atonement
Leviticus 17:11, the doctrinal keystone unifying all blood-atonement language in the book. Never treat as a general statement about blood’s biological or magical potency detachable from its substitutionary, life-for-life logic.
Anointing
Approved rendering: unção / óleo da unção
Transliteration: mashach / mishchah / chrisma
Doctrine: Ordination and Anointing of the Priesthood
Original: מָשַׁח / מִשְׁחָה (mashach / mishchah) / χρῖσμα (chrisma)
Category: Priesthood
Shares its root with Mashiach/Messias (baseline Critical). Must not be leveled to generic Pentecostal/charismatic ‘unção’ claims about transferable power in objects, nor to Candomblé/Umbanda ritual consecration.
Mediator
Approved rendering: mediador
Transliteration: mesitēs
Doctrine: The Priesthood and Mediation
Rejected alternatives: médium (FORBIDDEN — mainstream Kardecist term for a spirit-channeler)
Original: (functional priestly role) / μεσίτης (mesitēs, NT cognate concept)
Category: Priesthood
The single highest false-cognate risk in this Language Package. NEVER render or gloss using médium-adjacent vocabulary under any circumstance. Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
Holy Vs Common
Approved rendering: santo / comum
Transliteration: qodesh / chol
Doctrine: Distinguishing Holy and Common, Clean and Unclean
Original: קֹדֶשׁ / חֹל (qodesh / chol) / ἅγιος / βέβηλος
Category: Holiness
Leviticus 10:10’s four-term structure is the book’s programmatic thesis statement; treat with the same weight the Romans package gives Romans 1:16-17.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelho
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: mensagem de evolução moral (Kardecist ethical-progress framing)
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Relevant to Leviticus teaching materials whenever the sacrificial system is taught as pointing forward to the NT proclamation of salvation in Christ; must not be read as the Kardecist ethical-progress ‘evangelho.‘
Grace
Approved rendering: graça
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: mérito espiritual acumulado ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Relevant wherever Leviticus’s sacrificial provision is taught as an expression of God’s unmerited favor rather than merit accumulated by the worshiper, sharpened by contrast with Kardecist karmic merit.
Faith
Approved rendering: fé
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: convicção espírita, fé genérica em forças espirituais
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Relevant when teaching that the worshiper’s approach to the atonement system required trust in God’s provision, not self-generated ritual confidence.
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercessão
Transliteration: hyperentynchanei / enteuxis
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: comunicação com espíritos de mortos por meio de médiuns, intercessão exclusiva dos santos e de Maria
Inherited from Romans package unchanged, extended backward in this curriculum to the Levitical priest’s mediating function (see ‘priestly_mediation’ and ‘mediator’ below); NEVER rendered with médium-adjacent vocabulary.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: santificação
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purificação cármica ao longo de reencarnações (leitura espírita)
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Directly informs the Leviticus ‘Call to Be Holy’ doctrine; must not be read as gradual Kardecist purification across incarnations.
Covenant
Approved rendering: aliança
Transliteration: berit / diathēkē
Doctrine: Covenant Blessings and Curses
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal
Original: בְּרִית (berit) / διαθήκη (diathēkē)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, risk level unchanged (High), scope extended per assets/bible_term_registry.json (Leviticus asset): frames the whole book’s ritual and ethical instruction (Lev 2:13’s ‘covenant of salt’; Lev 26’s blessings/curses), not merely NT epistolary usage. Maintain identical rendering across Testaments.
Law
Approved rendering: lei
Transliteration: torah / choq / nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: תּוֹרָה / חֹק (torah / choq) / νόμος (nomos)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, risk level unchanged (High), scope extended per assets/bible_term_registry.json (Leviticus asset) to cover the statute/ordinance language (chuqqat olam) running throughout the book. Distinguish from the Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito.‘
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: chatta’ah / chet / hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Need for Atonement
Rejected alternatives: erro a ser corrigido em vidas futuras (leitura espírita)
Original: חַטָּאת / חֵטְא (chatta’ah / chet) / ἁμαρτία (hamartia)
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, risk raised from Medium to High per assets/bible_term_registry.json (Leviticus asset): Leviticus 4-5 stresses that even unintentional sin (bishgagah) requires atonement now, not a self-corrective process worked off gradually across reincarnations.
Priestly Mediation
Approved rendering: intercessão / mediação
Transliteration: kohen (mediating function) / mesitēs
Doctrine: The Priesthood and Mediation
Rejected alternatives: médium (comunicação com espíritos)
Original: כֹּהֵן functioning as mediator between God and people (no single Hebrew abstract noun; functional role) / μεσίτης (mesitēs, NT cognate concept)
Category: Priesthood
New term extending the baseline ‘intercessão’ concept backward from the Spirit’s/Christ’s intercession to the Levitical priest’s mediating role. Must be sharply distinguished from Kardecist ‘médiuns’ — a close phonetic and conceptual collision unique to this doctrine in Brazilian Portuguese.
Azazel Scapegoat
Approved rendering: Azazel
Transliteration: Azazel
Doctrine: The Scapegoat and Substitution
Rejected alternatives: o bode do deserto (falsely resolves a debated textual question)
Original: עֲזָאזֵל (Azazel) / ἀποπομπαῖος
Category: Substitution
Transliterated proper term. Must be explained pastorally at every occurrence: the goat is not sacrificed TO Azazel as to a rival deity — a live risk given Candomblé/Umbanda traditions (e.g., offerings to Exu). The text’s theology is that the living goat symbolically removes sin from the camp.
Sacrifice General
Approved rendering: sacrifício
Transliteration: qorban / zevach / thysia
Doctrine: The Sacrificial System and Atonement
Original: קָרְבָּן / זֶבַח (qorban / zevach) / θυσία (thysia)
Category: Atonement
Shares the collision risk flagged for ‘sangue’; teach as divinely prescribed, substitutionary, pointing to Christ, not one instance of a general human religious category of animal sacrifice.
Burnt Offering
Approved rendering: oferta queimada
Transliteration: olah / holokautōma
Doctrine: The Distinct Offering Types
Rejected alternatives: holocausto (unqualified — risks Shoah association in contemporary Portuguese)
Original: עֹלָה (olah) / ὁλοκαύτωμα (holokautōma)
Category: Atonement
Prefer ‘oferta totalmente queimada’/‘oferta queimada’ over unglossed ‘holocausto.’ Gloss ‘holocausto’ carefully at first use only if retained for translation-tradition continuity.
Peace Offering
Approved rendering: oferta de paz
Transliteration: shelamim / thysia sōtēriou
Doctrine: The Distinct Offering Types
Original: שֶׁלֶם / שְׁלָמִים (shelem / shelamim) / θυσία σωτηρίου (thysia sōtēriou)
Category: Atonement
LXX renders with sōtēriou, cognate of sōtēria (baseline Critical ‘salvação’). Teach as a type pointing toward, never equivalent to, the fuller NT salvation.
Sin Offering
Approved rendering: oferta pelo pecado
Transliteration: chatta’ah / peri hamartias
Doctrine: Universal Need for Atonement
Original: חַטָּאת (chatta’ah) / περὶ ἁμαρτίας (peri hamartias)
Category: Atonement
Must never be read as an offering that merely ‘corrects an error’ in a self-improving moral sense, a live risk given the Kardecist reframing of sin as correctable ‘erro’ across lifetimes.
Priest
Approved rendering: sacerdote / sumo sacerdote
Transliteration: kohen / kohen hagadol
Doctrine: The Priesthood and Mediation
Rejected alternatives: padre (narrows to Catholic clerical institutional sense)
Original: כֹּהֵן / הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל (kohen / kohen hagadol) / ἱερεύς / ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
Prefer ‘sacerdote/sumo sacerdote,’ the established Portuguese Bible-translation tradition term for OT priests.
Clean
Approved rendering: puro / limpo
Transliteration: tahor / katharos
Doctrine: Clean and Unclean
Original: טָהוֹר (tahor) / καθαρός (katharos)
Category: Purity
Distinguish from Kardecist ‘vibração’ purity language and Candomblé/Umbanda ‘quizila’ ritual purity categories.
Unclean
Approved rendering: impuro / imundo
Transliteration: tamei / akathartos
Doctrine: Clean and Unclean
Original: טָמֵא (tamei) / ἀκάθαρτος (akathartos)
Category: Purity
Resolved through God-appointed, priest-mediated processes, never self-administered spiritual cleansing (banhos de descarrego).
Sabbath
Approved rendering: sábado
Transliteration: Shabbat / sabbaton
Doctrine: Sabbath and Sacred Time
Original: שַׁבָּת (Shabbat) / σάββατον (sabbaton)
Category: Sacred Time
Two collision risks: Seventh-day Adventism’s binding ongoing-observance doctrine (significant organized Brazilian presence), and purely secular ‘weekend’ reduction. Teach fulfillment in Christ (Hebrews 4) without either extreme.
Holy Convocation
Approved rendering: tempos determinados / santas convocações
Transliteration: mo’adim / miqra’ei qodesh
Doctrine: Sabbath and Sacred Time
Original: מוֹעֲדִים / מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ (mo’adim / miqra’ei qodesh) / ἑορταί / κλητὰς ἁγίας
Category: Sacred Time
Core term: God, not human custom, determines and owns sacred time (Lev 23).
Kinsman Redeemer
Approved rendering: redentor / resgatador
Transliteration: go’el / agchisteus
Doctrine: The Kinsman-Redeemer as Type of Christ
Rejected alternatives: libertador (generic, loses kinship/legal-obligation dimension)
Original: גֹּאֵל (go’el) / ἀγχιστεύς (agchisteus)
Category: Redemption
Direct typological anticipation of Christ as Redeemer; preserve the costly, kinship-based, legally binding nature of the go’el’s action.
Love Neighbor
Approved rendering: amarás o teu próximo como a ti mesmo
Transliteration: ve’ahavta lere’acha kamocha
Doctrine: Love of Neighbor (Leviticus 19:18)
Rejected alternatives: amor ao próximo (abbreviated cliché, evacuated of covenant grounding)
Original: וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ (ve’ahavta lere’acha kamocha) / ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν
Category: Ethics
Retain the full verse-form, not the secularized civic-virtue abbreviation. Teach the covenantal ground clause (‘Eu sou o Senhor’) as inseparable from the command. Must match this Language Package’s future fixed rendering of Romans 13:9’s citation of the same verse.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: impor as mãos / pôr a mão
Transliteration: samak yad
Doctrine: The Scapegoat and Substitution
Original: סָמַךְ יָד / סָמַךְ שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו (samak yad / samak shtei yadav) / ἐπιτίθημι τὴν χεῖρα
Category: Substitution
Establishes substitutionary identification of the offerer with the offering. Must be distinguished from the NT’s laying on of hands for ordination, blessing, or healing — a different theological act.
Unauthorized Fire
Approved rendering: fogo estranho
Transliteration: esh nochriyah / esh zarah
Doctrine: The Danger of Unauthorized Worship
Original: אֵש נָכְרִיָּה / אֵש זָרָה (esh nochriyah / esh zarah)
Category: Holiness
Warns against approaching God’s holiness on self-devised terms; carries distinctly non-generic weight in a religiously syncretistic Brazilian context.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidade emocional
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Bridges directly to the Levitical peace/fellowship offering (see ‘peace_offering’ below); teach the offering as a type of, not identical to, the relational peace with God secured by justification.
Glory
Approved rendering: glória
Transliteration: kevod YHWH / doxa kyriou
Doctrine: Divine Presence Among the People
Original: כָּבוֹד יְהוָה (kevod YHWH) / δόξα κυρίου (doxa kyriou)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Contextualized per assets/bible_term_registry.json (Leviticus asset): appears in Leviticus 9 as visible confirmation that Aaron’s atoning sacrifices were accepted, teaching that atonement precedes and enables God’s manifest presence.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: gentios / nações
Transliteration: goyim / ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: pagãos (pejorative)
Inherited from Romans package, risk raised from Low to Medium per assets/bible_term_registry.json (Leviticus asset). Use ‘gentios’ where the contrast is specifically Israel-vs-nations religious practice (Lev 18:3, 20:23); use ‘nações’ in purely descriptive contexts.
Grain Offering
Approved rendering: oferta de cereais
Transliteration: minchah
Doctrine: The Distinct Offering Types
Rejected alternatives: oferta de manjares (archaic, risks unintelligibility)
Original: מִנְחָה (minchah) / θυσία / δῶρον
Category: Atonement
Leviticus 2. Prefer the clearer modern term over the archaic Almeida-tradition rendering.
Guilt Offering
Approved rendering: oferta pela culpa
Transliteration: asham / plēmmeleia
Doctrine: The Distinct Offering Types
Rejected alternatives: reparação (used alone, without sacrificial framing)
Original: אָשָׁם (asham) / πλημμέλεια (plēmmeleia)
Category: Atonement
Always pair with sacrificial/blood-atonement framing to avoid echoing Kardecist ‘reparação cármica’ vocabulary of self-directed restitution.
Skin Disease
Approved rendering: lepra / doença de pele
Transliteration: tsara’at / lepra
Doctrine: Purification Rites
Rejected alternatives: lepra (unqualified, unglossed clinical usage)
Original: צָרַעַת (tsara’at) / λέπρα (lepra)
Category: Purity
Avoid modern medicalized (Hansen’s disease) misreading and contemporary stigma; the concern is ritual-symbolic spreading corruption, not a clinical diagnosis.
Jubilee
Approved rendering: Jubileu
Transliteration: yovel / aphesis
Doctrine: The Sabbatical Year and Year of Jubilee
Original: יוֹבֵל (yovel) / ἄφεσις (aphesis)
Category: Sacred Time
Distinguish from Catholic liturgical ‘Anos Jubilares’ and liberation-theology debt-forgiveness appropriations while teaching the specific biblical land/debt/freedom content accurately.
Sabbath Year
Approved rendering: ano sabático
Transliteration: shemittah
Doctrine: The Sabbatical Year and Year of Jubilee
Original: שְׁמִטָּה (shemittah)
Category: Sacred Time
Distinct from but related to the fiftieth-year Jubilee; teach the seven-year land-rest cycle’s trust-in-God’s-provision logic.
Vow
Approved rendering: voto
Transliteration: neder / euchē
Doctrine: Vows and Things Dedicated to the LORD
Original: נֶדֶר (neder) / εὐχή (euchē)
Category: Dedication
Standard term; distinguish from the destruction-ban sense of cherem.
Devoted Thing Cherem
Approved rendering: consagrado / anátema
Transliteration: cherem / anathema
Doctrine: Vows and Things Dedicated to the LORD
Rejected alternatives: anátema (used unqualified for all cherem occurrences)
Original: חֵרֶם (cherem) / ἀνάθεμα (anathema)
Category: Dedication
‘Anátema’ carries strong Catholic-heritage excommunication connotations; reserve strictly for the destruction-ban sense. Use ‘consagrado/totalmente dedicado ao Senhor’ for the dedication sense.
Sojourner
Approved rendering: estrangeiro / forasteiro
Transliteration: ger / paroikos
Doctrine: Love of Neighbor (Leviticus 19:18)
Original: גֵּר (ger) / πάροικος (paroikos)
Category: Ethics
Socially loaded in a contemporary immigration-conscious Brazilian context; teach the command’s deliberate extension to the vulnerable outsider without collapsing into a political immigration-policy statement.
Confession Of Sin
Approved rendering: confessar
Transliteration: hitvadah / exomologeomai
Doctrine: The Scapegoat and Substitution
Original: הִתְוַדָּה (hitvadah) / ἐξομολογέομαι (exomologeomai)
Category: Substitution
Specific, verbal, public confession precedes transfer of guilt onto the substitute (Lev 16:21); must not be flattened into vague acknowledgment.
Veil
Approved rendering: véu
Transliteration: parochet / katapetasma
Doctrine: The Holiness of God
Original: פָּרֹכֶת (parochet) / καταπέτασμα (katapetasma)
Category: Holiness
Tie forward to the NT temple-veil tearing at Christ’s death (Matthew 27:51 uses the identical Greek word).
Statute Forever
Approved rendering: estatuto perpétuo
Transliteration: chuqqat olam
Doctrine: Covenant Blessings and Curses
Rejected alternatives: lei eterna (risks implying permanent binding force today)
Original: חֻקַּת עוֹלָם (chuqqat olam) / νόμιμον αἰώνιον
Category: Covenant
‘Forever’ means for the duration of the old covenant administration, fulfilled — not annulled — in Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice.
Defect Blemish
Approved rendering: defeito / mancha
Transliteration: mum
Doctrine: The Priesthood and Mediation
Original: מוּם (mum)
Category: Priesthood
Teach typologically (1 Peter 1:19); requires explicit pastoral caution that priestly physical restrictions are not a contemporary statement devaluing people with disabilities.
Cut Off Karet
Approved rendering: será eliminado / excluído do seu povo
Transliteration: karat
Doctrine: The Holiness Code’s Social and Sexual Ethics
Original: כָּרַת (karat)
Category: Covenant
A specific covenant-administration judicial penalty within Israel’s national life, distinct from eternal spiritual annihilation or a Kardecist ‘karmic debt’ framework.
Divine Presence Cloud
Approved rendering: na nuvem
Transliteration: be’anan
Doctrine: The Holiness of God
Original: בֶּעָנָן (be’anan) / ἐν νεφέλῃ
Category: God
Sets up the necessity of a divinely prescribed access procedure; access to God’s holy presence is never casual or self-initiated.
Pleasing Aroma
Approved rendering: aroma agradável / suave
Transliteration: reiach nichoach
Doctrine: The Distinct Offering Types
Original: רֵיח נִיחֹחַ (reiach nichoach) / ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας
Category: Atonement
Covenantal/relational acceptance language, not a literal appetite of God; avoid any drift toward ‘feeding the gods’ logic present in some Afro-Brazilian offering traditions.
Ordination
Approved rendering: consagração / ordenação
Transliteration: millu’im
Doctrine: Ordination and Anointing of the Priesthood
Original: מִלֻּאִים (millu’im, lit. ‘fillings,’ from ‘filling the hand’)
Category: Priesthood
Distinguish from Catholic sacramental ordination categories while preserving the biblical concept of a divinely instituted, set-apart priestly office.
Low Risk Terms
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Standard proper name for the covenant nation addressed throughout Leviticus.
Incense
Approved rendering: incenso
Transliteration: qetoret
Doctrine: The Day of Atonement
Original: קְטֹרֶת (qetoret)
Category: Priesthood
Functions strictly as a protective/mediating ritual element (‘so that he does not die’), not devotional atmosphere; note Candomblé/Umbanda and Catholic devotional incense use in Brazilian culture.
Bread Of Presence
Approved rendering: pão da presença
Transliteration: lechem hapanim
Doctrine: Priestly Portions and Ritual Administration
Original: לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים (lechem hapanim)
Category: Holiness
Note resonance with NT ‘bread of life’ imagery (John 6) for future curriculum coherence.
Referenced passages