Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Nahum
This glossary catalogs every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Nahum 1–3 in full. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [REUSED] and must be rendered identically; all other terms are [NEW] and proposed here for addition to an extended translation memory under the version-increment procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Legend
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low (per
doctrine_risk_registry.jsonframework) - Status: REUSED (from baseline) / NEW (introduced by Nahum)
- Ch.: Chapter(s) where the term is load-bearing
| # | Term (Portuguese) | English Gloss | Hebrew (Translit.) | LXX Greek (Translit.) | Doctrine | Ch. | Status | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deus | God | אֵל (El) | Θεός (Theos) | Justice/Sovereignty | 1 | REUSED | Critical | Identical to baseline “god” entry; no new risk introduced by Nahum |
| 2 | Senhor | LORD (YHWH) | יְהוָה (YHWH) | Κύριος (Kyrios) | Sovereignty over Nineveh; Lordship | 1–3 | REUSED | Critical | Baseline “lord” entry fixed κύριος → Senhor for NT usage; extends cleanly to translate יהוה, which LXX also renders κύριος |
| 3 | oráculo | oracle/burden | מַשָּׂא (massa) | λῆμμα (lēmma) | Inspiration/Prophecy | 1 | NEW | Medium | Must carry judicial weight, not a neutral “message” |
| 4 | visão | vision | חֲזוֹן (chazon) | ὅρασις (horasis) | Inspiration of Scripture | 1 | NEW | Low | Standard prophetic term |
| 5 | Naum | Nahum (name) | נַחוּם | Ναούμ | Comfort for the Oppressed | 1 | NEW | Low | Proper name; meaning (“consolation”) worth a teaching note |
| 6 | Nínive | Nineveh | נִינְוֵה | Νινευή | Sovereignty over Nineveh/Assyria | 1–3 | NEW | Low | Established historical/geographic proper name |
| 7 | zeloso | jealous | קַנּוֹא (qanno) | ζηλωτής (zēlōtēs) | Justice and Wrath of God | 1 | NEW | Medium | Covenantal jealousy, not human insecurity; matches Almeida’s Êxodo 20:5 rendering |
| 8 | vingador / vingança | vengeance/avenges | נֹקֵם (noqem) | ἐκδικῶν (ekdikōn) | Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors | 1 | NEW | High | Personal, judicial vengeance — must not read as impersonal karmic retribution (cf. baseline Kardecist “lei de causa e efeito” risk under “providence”) |
| 9 | furor / ira | wrath/fury | חֵמָה (chemah) | θυμός (thymos) | Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors | 1 | NEW | High | Settled righteous indignation, not capricious emotion nor impersonal cosmic law |
| 10 | reservar/guardar (a ira) | reserves (wrath) | נוֹטֵר (noter) | ἐξαίρων (exairōn) | Justice and Wrath of God | 1 | NEW | Medium | Convey judicial patience, not grudge-holding |
| 11 | adversários / inimigos | adversaries/enemies | צָרָיו / אֹיְבָיו | ὑπεναντίους / ἐχθρούς | Justice against Oppressors | 1 | NEW | Low | Standard vocabulary |
| 12 | tardio em irar-se | slow to anger | אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם (erek appayim) | μακρόθυμος (makrothymos) | God as Slow to Anger yet Just | 1 | NEW | High | Must hold in tension with, never override, certain justice (see term 13) |
| 13 | de maneira nenhuma terá o culpado por inocente | will by no means clear the guilty | נַקֵּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה | ἀθῳῶν οὐκ ἀθῳώσει | God as Slow to Anger yet Just | 1 | NEW | High | Emphatic double-negative force must be preserved; forbids soft/generic “perdoa” renderings |
| 14 | grande em poder | great in power | גְדָל־כֹּחַ | μεγάλη ἰσχύς | Sovereignty of God | 1 | NEW (concept reuses baseline “poder de Deus”) | Medium | Parallels baseline “power_of_god” entry |
| 15 | tempestade / redemoinho | whirlwind/storm | סוּפָה / שְׂעָרָה | συντέλεια / συσσεισμός | Theophany/Sovereignty | 1 | NEW | Low | Figurative theophany imagery |
| 16 | mar / rios | sea/rivers | יָם / נְהָרוֹת | θάλασσα / ποταμοί | Sovereignty over Creation and Nations | 1 | NEW | Low | Creator-sovereignty grounds sovereignty over Assyria |
| 17 | definha / murcha | languishes/withers | אֻמְלַל (umlal) | ὠλιγώθη / ἐξέλιπεν | Sovereignty of God | 1 | NEW | Low | Figurative ecological collapse under judgment |
| 18 | tremem / derretem-se | quake/melt | רָעֲשׁוּ / הִתְמֹגָגוּ | ἐσείσθησαν / ἐσαλεύθησαν | Theophany | 1 | NEW | Low | Sinai-echoing theophanic dread |
| 19 | mundo habitado | the (whole) world | תֵבֵל (tevel) | σύμπασα | Universal Sovereignty of God | 1 | NEW | Low | Universalizes the Nineveh-specific judgment |
| 20 | indignação | indignation | זַעַם (za’am) | ὀργή (orgē) | Justice and Wrath of God | 1 | NEW | Medium | Rhetorical “who can stand?” — futility of resisting judgment |
| 21 | bom | good | טוֹב (tov) | χρηστός (chrēstos) | Comfort for the Oppressed | 1 | NEW | Medium | Theological hinge: same God of wrath (vv.2-6) is good toward those who trust him (v.7) |
| 22 | fortaleza / refúgio | stronghold/refuge | מָעוֹז (ma’oz) | (relational, ὑπομένουσιν) | Comfort for the Oppressed | 1 | NEW | High | Must exclude protective-spirit/orixá and karmic-endurance framings; God alone is refuge |
| 23 | dia da angústia / tribulação | day of trouble | יוֹם צָרָה | ἡμέρα θλίψεως | Comfort for the Oppressed | 1 | NEW | Low | Standard affliction-language |
| 24 | os que nele se refugiam / confiam | those who trust in him | חֹסֵי (chosei) | εὐλαβουμένους | Faith / Comfort for the Oppressed | 1 | NEW | Medium | Distinct nuance from baseline “fé” (trust-as-shelter vs. trust-as-belief); should echo but not replace “fé” |
| 25 | inundação impetuosa | overwhelming flood | שֶׁטֶף עֹבֵר | κατακλυσμός | Justice and Wrath of God | 1 | NEW | Low | Judgment imagery for Nineveh’s historical fall |
| 26 | fim completo / aniquilação total | utter end | כָּלָה (kalah) | συντέλεια | Justice/Sovereignty | 1 | NEW | Medium | Convey finality, not a corrective stage in an ongoing process |
| 27 | trevas | darkness | חֹשֶׁךְ (choshek) | σκότος (skotos) | Justice and Wrath of God | 1 | NEW | Medium | Judgment-darkness pursuing God’s enemies; contrast with refuge/favor in v.7 |
| 28 | maquinação / trama | plot/scheme | מַחֲשָׁבָה (machashavah) | λογισμόν (logismon) | Justice against Oppressors | 1 | NEW | Medium | Oppression of God’s people ultimately targets God himself |
| 29 | perverso / iníquo | wicked/worthless one | בְּלִיַּעַל (beliya’al) | παρανομίαν | Justice against Oppressors | 1 | NEW | Medium | Do not render as proper name “Belial” in this OT context; flag later NT trajectory (2 Coríntios 6:15) for teaching notes only |
| 30 | o Senhor ordenou | the LORD has commanded | צִוָּה (tsivvah) | ἐντελεῖται | Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria | 1 | NEW | Medium | Sovereign decree language |
| 31 | será exterminado / cortado | will be cut off | נִכְרַת (nikrat) | ἐξαρθήσεται | Justice and Sovereignty | 1 | NEW | Medium | Decisive, total judgment sentence |
| 32 | o que anuncia boas novas / mensageiro de boas-novas | one who brings good tidings | מְבַשֵּׂר (mevaser) | εὐαγγελιζομένου (euangelizomenou) | Comfort for the Oppressed / Gospel link | 1 | NEW | High | Direct OT root of NT “evangelho” word-group (cf. Isaías 52:7; Romanos 10:15); must echo established gospel vocabulary and its anti-Kardecist framing |
| 33 | paz | peace | שָׁלוֹם (shalom) | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | Comfort for the Oppressed | 1 | REUSED | Medium | Identical to baseline “peace” entry |
| 34 | o destruidor / dispersador | the scatterer/destroyer | מֵפִיץ (mefits) | διασκορπίζων | Sovereignty over Nineveh | 2 | NEW | Medium | Historical agent as executor of divine sentence |
| 35 | guardar a fortaleza | man the ramparts | נָצַר מְצוּרָה | φύλασσε ὀχύρωμα | Sovereignty over Nineveh | 2 | NEW | Low | Ironic futility of human defense |
| 36 | leão / covil de leões | lion / lion’s den | כְּפִיר / אֲרָיוֹת | σκύμνος / λέων | Justice against Oppressors | 2 | NEW | Medium | Predatory-empire metaphor; preserve political-critique force |
| 37 | presa | prey | טֶרֶף (teref) | θήρα | Comfort for the Oppressed | 2 | NEW | Low | Victims of imperial violence, whom God will vindicate |
| 38 | ai de | woe to | הוֹי (hoy) | οὐαί (ouai) | Justice against Oppressors | 3 | NEW | Low | Formal judgment-oracle marker; parallels NT “ai de” (Mateus 23) |
| 39 | cidade sanguinária | bloody city | עִיר דָּמִים | πόλις αἱμάτων | Justice against Oppressors | 3 | NEW | Medium | Direct indictment of systemic violence |
| 40 | mentira / rapina | lies/plunder | כַּחַשׁ / פֶּרֶק | ψεῦδος / ἁρπαγή | Justice against Oppressors | 3 | NEW | Low | Deceitful, exploitative statecraft |
| 41 | prostituições / seduções | harlotries | זְנוּנִים (zenunim) | πορνεία (porneia) | Justice against Oppressors | 3 | NEW | High | Figurative for exploitative political seduction/idolatry; requires explanatory note to avoid literal/moralistic misreading |
| 42 | feitiçarias | sorceries | כְּשָׁפִים (keshafim) | φαρμακεία (pharmakeia) | Justice against Oppressors | 3 | NEW | Critical | Direct collision risk with Afro-Brazilian religious vocabulary (Candomblé/Umbanda “feitiçaria”); mandatory explanatory note distinguishing ancient political-religious referent from any present-day religious community; theologian review required every occurrence |
| 43 | vergonha / nudez | shame/nakedness | קָלוֹן / עֶרְוָה | ἀσχημοσύνη | Justice against Oppressors | 3 | NEW | Medium | Judicial shame-reversal idiom, not literal/salacious content |
| 44 | Tebas / Nô-Amom | Thebes/No-Amon | נֹא אָמוֹן | Ἀμμών / Διόσπολις | Sovereignty of God over Empires | 3 | NEW | Low | Historical proper name; footnote for OT literacy |
Summary Statistics
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 1 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 8 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 19 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 16 | Automated review |
| Total terms catalogged | 44 |
Terms Requiring Mandatory Human Theologian Review (Critical + High)
- feitiçarias (sorceries, 3:4) — Critical — Afro-Brazilian religious-vocabulary collision
- vingador/vingança (vengeance, 1:2) — High — impersonal-karma collision risk
- furor/ira (wrath, 1:2,6) — High — impersonal-karma collision risk
- tardio em irar-se (slow to anger, 1:3) — High — must hold in tension with justice
- de maneira nenhuma terá o culpado por inocente (will not acquit the guilty, 1:3) — High — emphatic force must be preserved
- fortaleza/refúgio (stronghold, 1:7) — High — orixá/spirit-guide protection collision risk
- o que anuncia boas novas (herald of good news, 1:15) — High — direct gospel/evangelho word-group link
- prostituições/seduções (harlotries, 3:4) — High — figurative-political vs. literal-moral misreading risk
- leão/covil de leões (lion imagery, 2:11-13) — Medium-High boundary; recommend theologian spot-check given direct tie to “Oppressors” doctrine
All entries above must be incorporated into an extended translation_memory.json and doctrine_risk_registry.json for the Nahum curriculum, following the version-increment and theologian-flagging procedures already defined in the baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Deus
Transliteration: theos / Elohim / YHWH
Doctrine: Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria; Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors
Original: אֵל
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. No new risk introduced by Nahum beyond the baseline ‘god’ entry. Pastoral awareness note carries forward: Candomblé/Umbanda orixás sometimes syncretized with Catholic saints can blur exclusive monotheism if not addressed directly; Nahum’s exclusive-jealousy language (1:2) reinforces the same exclusivity this baseline entry protects.
Lord
Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ (baseline); extended in Nahum to Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria
Rejected alternatives: Senhor apenas em sentido devocional, sem reivindicação de senhorio total
Inherited from Romans package exactly (‘Senhor’). Nahum applies this rendering to יְהוָה (YHWH), the covenant name of God, since the LXX renders יהוה as κύριος, the same Greek term already fixed to ‘Senhor’ in the baseline for Christ’s exclusive lordship (Romans 10:9). Every Nahum occurrence of YHWH must preserve personal, active divine agency (judging, avenging, protecting) and must never read as a devotional title alongside spirit guides or orixás.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvação
Transliteration: sōtēria / yesha
Doctrine: Salvation (baseline); Comfort for the Oppressed (Nahum, deliverance from the oppressor)
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Nahum’s deliverance/comfort vocabulary (refuge, peace, breaking the oppressor’s yoke) is conceptually continuous with this doctrine; God’s decisive, historical rescue of the oppressed, not gradual karmic self-improvement.
Sorceries
Approved rendering: feitiçarias
Transliteration: keshafim / pharmakeia
Doctrine: Idolatrous Seduction and Occult Statecraft
Rejected alternatives: enganos (too weak; loses the specific ancient occult referent), qualquer termo que nomeie diretamente práticas afro-brasileiras contemporâneas
Original: כְּשָׁפִים / φαρμακεία
Category: Justice against Oppressors
New term proper to Nahum. The single highest cultural-collision risk term in the entire curriculum: ‘feitiçaria’/‘bruxaria’ are live, loaded terms directly associated with contemporary Afro-Brazilian religions (Candomblé, Umbanda). MANDATORY explanatory note every occurrence clarifying (a) the ancient Near Eastern political-religious referent, (b) that the passage is not a commentary on any present-day religious community, (c) the specific doctrinal point: oppressive empires that manipulate and exploit — by force, deceit, or occult means — stand under God’s certain judgment. Theologian review required for every occurrence and every derived teaching artifact.
Lord Yhwh
Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: YHWH / kyrios
Doctrine: Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria; The Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God
Extends the inherited ‘lord’ entry: documents that Nahum’s every occurrence of the covenant name YHWH is rendered with the identical baseline term ‘Senhor’, since the LXX also renders יהוה as κύριος. Not a new rendering — recorded separately here only to make explicit that this is the personal, active Judge and Avenger of Nahum 1:2-8, never a devotional title alongside spirit guides or orixás.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelho
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel (baseline); Herald of Good News / OT Root of the Gospel Proclamation (Nahum 1:15)
Rejected alternatives: mensagem de evolução moral (Kardecist ethical-progress framing)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Nahum 1:15’s herald-of-good-news image (‘mevaser’ / εὐαγγελιζομένου) is the Old Testament root of this exact word-group via Isaías 52:7, quoted in Romanos 10:15. Any Nahum teaching material connecting 1:15 forward to the NT must use this entry’s fixed rendering and its anti-Kardecist framing without modification; do not create a rival gospel-family term for Nahum.
Providence
Approved rendering: providência
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Providence (baseline); Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria (Nahum)
Rejected alternatives: lei de causa e efeito espírita (regência cármica das reencarnações)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Nahum’s portrait of God directing Nineveh’s rise and fall through historical agents (Babylon/Medes) is this same doctrine of personal, purposive divine governance applied to imperial history, not the Kardecist impersonal ‘lei de causa e efeito.‘
Vengeance
Approved rendering: vingador / vingança
Transliteration: noqem / ekdikōn
Doctrine: The Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors
Rejected alternatives: retribuição cármica impessoal (leitura espírita da ‘lei de causa e efeito’)
Original: נָקַם / ἐκδικῶν
Category: Justice and Wrath
New term proper to Nahum. Personal, judicial vindication of the wronged by God himself, directly and decisively — never an impersonal cosmic mechanism resolved gradually across a spirit’s reincarnations, per the Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito’ risk already documented under the baseline ‘providence’ entry.
Wrath
Approved rendering: furor / ira
Transliteration: chemah / thymos
Doctrine: The Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors
Rejected alternatives: consequência cármica automática
Original: חֵמָה / θυμός
Category: Justice and Wrath
New term proper to Nahum. God’s settled, righteous indignation against sin and oppression, not an uncontrolled emotional outburst nor an impersonal karmic consequence.
Slow To Anger
Approved rendering: tardio em irar-se
Transliteration: erek appayim / makrothymos
Doctrine: God as Slow to Anger yet Just
Rejected alternatives: paciente (too generic; loses the specific anger-related sense)
Original: אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם / μακρόθυμος
Category: God as Slow to Anger yet Just
New term proper to Nahum, matching Almeida’s established phrase (Êxodo 34:6; Números 14:18). Must be held in tension with, never allowed to override, ‘will_not_acquit’ below. A rendering emphasizing only patience risks a sentimentalized deity indistinguishable from a generic ‘loving universe’ framing common in Brazilian folk spirituality.
Will Not Acquit
Approved rendering: de maneira nenhuma terá o culpado por inocente
Transliteration: naqqeh lo yenaqqeh / athōōn ouk athōōsei
Doctrine: God as Slow to Anger yet Just; The Certainty of Divine Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Deus perdoa, Deus desculpa, não terá por limpo (too weak/ambiguous)
Original: נַקֵּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה / ἀθῳῶν οὐκ ἀθῳώσει
Category: God as Slow to Anger yet Just
New term proper to Nahum. Renders the Hebrew emphatic infinitive-absolute construction, which has no morphological equivalent in Portuguese. The emphatic double-negative FORCE must be preserved in full; any soft or generic rendering would collapse the doctrine that God’s patience is not moral laxity.
Stronghold Refuge
Approved rendering: fortaleza / refúgio
Transliteration: ma’oz
Doctrine: God Alone as Refuge and Stronghold; Comfort for the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: proteção espiritual/amarração/despacho (Umbanda/Candomblé protective-ritual framing), processo cármico a ser suportado (leitura espírita da aflição)
Original: מָעוֹז
Category: Comfort for the Oppressed
New term proper to Nahum, the single highest cultural-collision risk term in the core passage alongside ‘sorceries’. Must exclude spirit-guide, orixá, saint, and karmic-endurance framings: God HIMSELF, directly and exclusively, is the refuge of the afflicted in the day of trouble. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Herald Good News
Approved rendering: o que anuncia boas novas / mensageiro de boas-novas
Transliteration: mevaser / euangelizomenou
Doctrine: The Herald of Good News (OT Root of the Gospel Proclamation); Comfort for the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: mensageiro de progresso ético (Kardecist ethical-evolution framing, imported from the baseline ‘gospel’ risk)
Original: מְבַשֵּׂר / εὐαγγελιζομένου
Category: Comfort for the Oppressed / Gospel Link
New term proper to Nahum. Direct lexical link to the inherited ‘gospel’/‘evangelho’ entry via Isaías 52:7, quoted in Romanos 10:15. Must echo, not duplicate, ‘evangelho’ itself, and must carry the same anti-Kardecist framing: a historically decisive announcement of the oppressor’s defeat and secured peace, not ethical self-improvement or gradual spiritual evolution.
Harlotries
Approved rendering: prostituições / seduções
Transliteration: zenunim / porneia
Doctrine: Idolatrous Seduction and Occult Statecraft
Rejected alternatives: leitura literal/moralista sobre ética sexual individual
Original: זְנוּנִים / πορνεία
Category: Justice against Oppressors
New term proper to Nahum. Figurative prophetic idiom for Nineveh’s exploitative political/commercial seduction of nations, personified as prostitution — NOT primarily a statement about individual sexual ethics. Mandatory explanatory note every occurrence to prevent literal/moralistic misreading and to avoid a misogynistic reading of the female personification.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: eirēnē / shalom
Doctrine: Peace with God (baseline); Comfort for the Oppressed (Nahum)
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidade emocional
Original: שָׁלוֹם / εἰρήνη
Category: Comfort for the Oppressed
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In Nahum 1:15 and 2:2, ‘paz’ is corporate/national peace flowing from God’s decisive defeat of the oppressor, not merely private tranquility — reinforces rather than alters the baseline sense.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: poder de Deus
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation (baseline); Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria (Nahum, applied to judgment)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Nahum 1:3’s ‘gedol koach’ (‘great in power’) applies the same concept to God’s power to execute judgment, not only to save; keep register consistent with the baseline entry.
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia / chata
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability (baseline); The Sin of Oppressive Violence and Deceit (Nahum)
Rejected alternatives: erro a ser corrigido em vidas futuras (leitura espírita)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Nahum catalogs Nineveh’s specific sins (bloodshed, deceit, plunder, occult manipulation) as concrete historical transgression before a personal God requiring reckoning in this life, not karmic residue to be worked off across future incarnations.
Oracle
Approved rendering: oráculo
Transliteration: massa / lēmma
Doctrine: Inspiration of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: mensagem (too generic/neutral), peso (archaic Almeida-tradition literalism, poor modern recognition)
Original: מַשָּׂא / λῆμμα
Category: Prophecy
New term proper to Nahum. Must convey judicial weight — a formal, authoritative pronouncement of judgment — not a light or optional message. First occurrence (1:1) should carry a footnote establishing the genre.
Jealous
Approved rendering: zeloso
Transliteration: qanno / zēlōtēs
Doctrine: Divine Jealousy for His People’s Honor
Rejected alternatives: ciúme (negative, insecure human jealousy)
Original: קַנּוֹא / ζηλωτής
Category: God (Attributes)
New term proper to Nahum, matching established Almeida-tradition rendering (Êxodo 20:5, 34:14). Covenantal, protective, exclusive jealousy — not petty human possessiveness, and not compatible with simultaneous devotion to saints, orixás, or spirit guides.
Reserves Wrath
Approved rendering: reserva / guarda (a ira)
Transliteration: noter / exairōn
Doctrine: The Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors
Rejected alternatives: guarda rancor (implies petty grudge-holding)
Original: נוֹטֵר / ἐξαίρων
Category: Justice and Wrath
New term proper to Nahum. Conveys settled judicial patience maintaining judgment against persistent, unrepented oppression until it is finally executed — not divine instability or grudge-holding.
Great In Power
Approved rendering: grande em poder
Transliteration: gedol koach / megalē ischys
Doctrine: Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria
Original: גְדָל־כֹּחַ / μεγάλη ἰσχύς
Category: Sovereignty
New term proper to Nahum, conceptually parallel to the inherited baseline ‘power_of_god’ but applied here to judgment rather than salvation. Keep register consistent with that entry.
Indignation
Approved rendering: indignação
Transliteration: za’am / orgē
Doctrine: The Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors; The Certainty of Divine Judgment
Original: זַעַם / ὀργή
Category: Justice and Wrath
New term proper to Nahum. The rhetorical question ‘who can stand?’ must retain its force as unanswerable apart from refuge in God himself.
Good
Approved rendering: bom
Transliteration: tov / chrēstos
Doctrine: Comfort for the Oppressed
Original: טוֹב / χρηστός
Category: Comfort for the Oppressed
New term proper to Nahum. Theological pivot of Nahum 1:7: the same God of wrath (vv.2-6) is good toward those who trust him. Must not be read as softening or contradicting the preceding wrath language.
Those Who Trust
Approved rendering: os que nele se refugiam / os que confiam nele
Transliteration: chosei / eulaboumenous
Doctrine: God Alone as Refuge and Stronghold; Faith
Rejected alternatives: crentes (too generic, collapses trust-as-shelter into a bare label)
Original: חֹסֵי / εὐλαβουμένους
Category: Faith / Comfort for the Oppressed
New term proper to Nahum. Trust-as-shelter, distinct in nuance from the baseline ‘fé’ (trust-as-belief); should echo, without collapsing into or replacing, the established faith vocabulary.
Utter End
Approved rendering: fim completo / aniquilação total
Transliteration: kalah / synteleia
Doctrine: The Totality and Finality of Nineveh’s Judgment
Rejected alternatives: etapa corretiva num processo contínuo (leitura evolutiva espírita)
Original: כָּלָה / συντέλεια
Category: Justice and Sovereignty
New term proper to Nahum. Must convey finality and irreversibility, not a stage in a corrective/evolutionary process, avoiding resonance with Kardecist gradualism.
Darkness
Approved rendering: trevas
Transliteration: choshek / skotos
Doctrine: The Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors
Original: חֹשֶׁךְ / σκότος
Category: Justice and Wrath
New term proper to Nahum. Judgment-darkness pursuing God’s enemies, contrasted with the light/favor implied for those who take refuge in him (1:7).
Plot Scheme
Approved rendering: maquinação / trama
Transliteration: machashavah / logismon
Doctrine: The Sin of Oppressive Violence and Deceit
Original: מַחֲשָׁבָה / λογισμόν
Category: Justice against Oppressors
New term proper to Nahum. Nineveh’s political/military scheming, ultimately directed against the LORD himself; the ultimate target of all oppression of God’s people is God himself.
Wicked Worthless
Approved rendering: perverso / iníquo
Transliteration: beliya’al / paranomian
Doctrine: The Sin of Oppressive Violence and Deceit
Rejected alternatives: Belial (anachronistic proper-name import from 2 Coríntios 6:15)
Original: בְּלִיַּעַל / παρανομίαν
Category: Justice against Oppressors
New term proper to Nahum. Describes the wicked oppressor descriptively; do NOT render as the later proper name ‘Belial’ in this OT context. Flag the NT trajectory (2 Coríntios 6:15) for teaching notes only.
Lord Commanded
Approved rendering: o Senhor ordenou
Transliteration: tsivvah / enteleitai
Doctrine: Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria
Original: צִוָּה / ἐντελεῖται
Category: Sovereignty over Nineveh
New term proper to Nahum. Direct expression of God’s sovereign decree determining Nineveh’s fate; keep register consistent with the inherited ‘providência’ entry.
Will Be Cut Off
Approved rendering: será exterminado / cortado
Transliteration: nikrat / exarthēsetai
Doctrine: The Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors; Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria
Original: נִכְרַת / ἐξαρθήσεται
Category: Justice and Sovereignty
New term proper to Nahum. Total judgment on Nineveh’s royal line, name, and idols — a decisive, total divine sentence, not a partial or reversible setback.
Scatterer Destroyer
Approved rendering: o destruidor / dispersador
Transliteration: mefits / diaskorpizōn
Doctrine: Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria
Original: מֵפִיץ / διασκορπίζων
Category: Sovereignty over Nineveh
New term proper to Nahum. The historical military agent (Babylon/Medes) as executor of God’s own sentence against Nineveh; convey sovereignty worked out through historical agents, not a rival independent power.
Lion Imagery
Approved rendering: leão / covil de leões
Transliteration: kefir / arayot
Doctrine: God’s Direct Opposition to Predatory Imperial Power
Original: כְּפִיר / אֲרָיוֹת / σκύμνος / λέων
Category: Justice against Oppressors
New term proper to Nahum. Assyria’s own royal lion-symbolism turned against it; preserve the metaphor’s political-critique force (a predatory empire exposed and judged), not merely decorative animal imagery.
Bloody City
Approved rendering: cidade sanguinária
Transliteration: ir damim / polis haimatōn
Doctrine: The Sin of Oppressive Violence and Deceit
Original: עִיר דָּמִים / πόλις αἱμάτων
Category: Justice against Oppressors
New term proper to Nahum. Direct indictment of Nineveh’s systemic violent oppression; retain accusatory, judicial force.
Shame Nakedness
Approved rendering: vergonha / nudez
Transliteration: qalon / ervah / aschēmosynē
Doctrine: Judicial Shame and Reversal
Original: קָלוֹן / עֶרְוָה / ἀσχημοσύνη
Category: Justice against Oppressors
New term proper to Nahum. Judicial humiliation-imagery: God publicly exposes Nineveh’s true character, reversing the shame Nineveh inflicted on its victims. Ensure the imagery reads as courtroom-style reversal idiom, not literal or salacious content.
Low Risk Terms
Vision
Approved rendering: visão
Transliteration: chazon / horasis
Doctrine: Inspiration of Prophecy
Original: חֲזוֹן / ὅρασις
Category: Prophecy
New term proper to Nahum. Standard prophetic term; divinely given prophetic sight, distinct from a dream or human insight.
Nahum Name
Approved rendering: Naum
Transliteration: Nachum / Naoum
Doctrine: The Prophet’s Name as Theological Signpost; Comfort for the Oppressed
Original: נַחוּם / Ναούμ
Category: Proper Names
New proper name. Meaning (‘comfort/consolation’) should be surfaced in teaching notes: the book’s entire message is that judgment on the oppressor IS comfort for the oppressed.
Nineveh
Approved rendering: Nínive
Transliteration: Nineveh / Nineuē
Doctrine: Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria
Original: נִינְוֵה / Νινευή
Category: Proper Names
New proper name. Established, unambiguous form across Portuguese Bible traditions.
Adversaries
Approved rendering: adversários / inimigos
Transliteration: tsarav / oyevav
Doctrine: The Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors
Original: צָרָיו / אֹיְבָיו / ὑπεναντίους / ἐχθρούς
Category: Justice against Oppressors
New term proper to Nahum. Standard vocabulary for those who oppose God and oppress his people.
Theophany Storm
Approved rendering: tempestade / redemoinho
Transliteration: sufah / se’arah
Doctrine: Theophanic Imagery of God’s Approach in Judgment
Original: סוּפָה / שְׂעָרָה / συντέλεια / συσσεισμός
Category: Sovereignty / Theophany
New term proper to Nahum. Storm-theophany imagery echoing Sinai; figurative, low ambiguity.
Sea Rivers
Approved rendering: mar / rios
Transliteration: yam / neharot
Doctrine: God’s Universal Sovereignty over Creation and the Nations
Original: יָם / נְהָרוֹת / θάλασσα / ποταμοί
Category: Sovereignty over Creation
New term proper to Nahum. Cosmic waters subdued by God’s rebuke, echoing Exodus/Red Sea motifs; grounds God’s sovereignty over Assyria in his prior sovereignty as Creator.
Languishes
Approved rendering: definha / murcha
Transliteration: umlal
Doctrine: God’s Universal Sovereignty over Creation and the Nations
Original: אֻמְלַל / ὠλιγώθη / ἐξέλιπεν
Category: Sovereignty
New term proper to Nahum. Figurative ecological withering under divine rebuke, symbolizing total judgment.
Quake Melt
Approved rendering: tremem / derretem-se
Transliteration: ra’ashu / hitmogagu
Doctrine: Theophanic Imagery of God’s Approach in Judgment
Original: רָעֲשׁוּ / הִתְמֹגָגוּ / ἐσείσθησαν / ἐσαλεύθησαν
Category: Theophany
New term proper to Nahum. Theophanic terror at God’s presence, echoing the Sinai motif reapplied to judgment on Nineveh.
Inhabited World
Approved rendering: mundo habitado
Transliteration: tevel / sympasa
Doctrine: God’s Universal Sovereignty over Creation and the Nations
Original: תֵבֵל / σύμπασα
Category: Sovereignty
New term proper to Nahum. Universalizes God’s judgment beyond Assyria’s region: the whole inhabited world stands accountable before God.
Day Of Trouble
Approved rendering: dia da angústia / dia da tribulação
Transliteration: yom tsarah / hēmera thlipseōs
Doctrine: Comfort for the Oppressed
Original: יוֹם צָרָה / ἡμέρα θλίψεως
Category: Comfort for the Oppressed
New term proper to Nahum. Standard affliction vocabulary for the oppressed community’s present distress, which God sees and will vindicate.
Overwhelming Flood
Approved rendering: inundação impetuosa / dilúvio arrasador
Transliteration: shetef over / kataklysmos
Doctrine: The Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors
Original: שֶׁטֶף עֹבֵר / κατακλυσμός
Category: Justice and Wrath
New term proper to Nahum. Judgment imagery of total, unstoppable engulfment, historically fulfilled in Nineveh’s siege and fall (612 BC).
Man The Ramparts
Approved rendering: guardar a fortaleza
Transliteration: natsor metsurah / phylasse ochyrōma
Doctrine: Sovereignty over Nineveh and Assyria
Original: נָצַר מְצוּרָה / φύλασσε ὀχύρωμα
Category: Sovereignty over Nineveh
New term proper to Nahum. Ironic military command underscoring the futility of human defense against divine judgment.
Prey
Approved rendering: presa
Transliteration: teref / thēra
Doctrine: Comfort for the Oppressed
Original: טֶרֶף / θήρα
Category: Comfort for the Oppressed
New term proper to Nahum. The nations Assyria devoured — victims of imperial violence whom God will vindicate.
Woe
Approved rendering: ai de
Transliteration: hoy / ouai
Doctrine: The Justice and Wrath of God against Oppressors
Original: הוֹי / οὐαί
Category: Justice against Oppressors
New term proper to Nahum. Formal prophetic judgment-oracle marker, identical in force to the NT ‘ai de’ (Mateus 23), already familiar to Portuguese readers.
Lies Plunder
Approved rendering: mentira / rapina
Transliteration: kachash / pereq
Doctrine: The Sin of Oppressive Violence and Deceit
Original: כַּחַשׁ / פֶּרֶק / ψεῦδος / ἁρπαγή
Category: Justice against Oppressors
New term proper to Nahum. Nineveh’s characteristic sins: deceitful diplomacy and violent exploitation of subject peoples.
Thebes No Amon
Approved rendering: Tebas / Nô-Amom
Transliteration: No Amon
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Empires, Demonstrated Historically
Original: נֹא אָמוֹן / Ἀμμών
Category: Proper Names
New proper name. Thebes, capital of Upper Egypt, a prior empire God had already judged, serving as historical precedent for Nineveh’s certain fall; footnote recommended for OT/historical-geographic literacy.
Referenced passages