Core Glossary
Micah — Core Glossary (English → Portuguese)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of Micah (chapters 1-7), for direct loading into Phase 2 translation memory alongside the Romans baseline translation_memory.json. Terms marked (reuse) already exist in the baseline Language Package and MUST be rendered identically. Terms marked (new) are introduced by this curriculum and require baseline-consistent risk-tier treatment before Phase 2 begins.
| # | English Term | Hebrew (Translit.) | Portuguese Rendering | Doctrine | Risk Tier | Status | Rationale / Brazilian Cultural Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | word of the LORD | devar Yahweh | a palavra do Senhor | Inspiration of Scripture | High | new | Must be distinguished from Kardecist psicografia (mediumistic transcription); parallels baseline’s “Inspiration of Scripture” doctrine note verbatim. |
| 2 | idols / graven images | pesilim / atsabim | ídolos / imagens esculpidas | True Worship versus Empty Ritual | High | new | Requires careful framing against both popular Catholic image-veneration and Candomblé/Umbanda material orixá representations; the point is exclusive covenant loyalty, not iconography per se. Human theologian review. |
| 3 | high places | bamot | lugares altos | True Worship versus Empty Ritual | Medium | new | Historical-geographic; minor risk of confusion without historical footnote. |
| 4 | mourning / lament | mispéd | pranto / lamentação | (supporting: Judgment) | Low | new | Standard genre term. |
| 5 | transgression | pesha | transgressão | Universal Human Accountability (cf. Romans baseline) | High | new | Distinguish from Kardecist “erro” correctable across reincarnations; rebellion against a personal covenant Lord, not a karmic debt. |
| 6 | woe | hoy | ai | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders | Low | new | Standard prophetic interjection, well-attested in Portuguese Bible tradition. |
| 7 | oppression / seizing land | ashaq / gazal | opressão / usurpação de terras | Justice, Mercy, and Humility | Medium | new | Concrete social-ethical content grounding the abstract demand of Micah 6:8. |
| 8 | false prophets (for hire) | naba (misused) | falsos profetas | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders / Inspiration of Scripture | High | new | Parallels the baseline’s mediumship warnings; prophets who shape their message for pay or popularity, contrasted with Spirit-empowered truth-telling. |
| 9 | remnant | she’erit | remanescente | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness | High | new | Must be taught as preserved by God’s initiative/covenant chesed, not by the remnant’s own merit or moral/spiritual “evolution.” |
| 10 | the Breaker | haporets | o que abre caminho | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness | Low | new | Vivid restoration image; minimal ambiguity risk with brief explanation. |
| 11 | rulers / heads | rashim | governantes / chefes | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders | Medium | new | Standard socio-political term. |
| 12 | eat the flesh of my people | okhlei she’ar ami | comer a carne do meu povo | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders | Medium | new | Figurative for violent exploitation; must be flagged as non-literal to avoid sensationalism. |
| 13 | bribery / for money | kesef (with shachad/qasam roots) | suborno / por dinheiro | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders | Medium | new | Standard socio-ethical corruption vocabulary. |
| 14 | Spirit of the LORD (true prophecy) | ruach Yahweh | Espírito do Senhor | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders / Inspiration of Scripture | High | new | Same divine Spirit later revealed as the Holy Spirit; must be sharply distinguished from Kardecist “espíritos guias” and Candomblé/Umbanda spirit-incorporation, per baseline’s Holy Spirit entry. |
| 15 | ruin of Zion / mountain of the house (judgment sense) | har beit (judgment context) | o monte da casa do Senhor (contexto de juízo) | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders | Medium | new | Must be paired with ch. 4’s restoration counterpart to avoid a purely negative standalone reading. |
| 16 | latter days | be’acharit hayamim | os últimos dias | The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem / Kingdom Mission (cf. Romans baseline) | Medium | new | Ties to baseline’s “reino de Deus” doctrine; eschatological, not nationalist-political. |
| 17 | mountain of the LORD’s house (restoration sense) | har beit Yahweh | o monte da casa do Senhor | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness | Medium | new | Positive counterpart to #15; center of future worship drawing all nations. |
| 18 | many nations / gentiles | goyim rabbim | muitas nações / gentios | Unity of Jews and Gentiles (cf. Romans baseline) | Medium-High | reuse (“gentios”) | Reuse baseline “gentios” for the shared concept; direct doctrinal bridge to Romans’ Jew-Gentile unity teaching centuries in advance. |
| 19 | swords into plowshares | charavot le’itim | espadas em relhas de arado | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness | Low | new | Reuse ARA’s exact established idiom for consistency with the Almeida tradition. |
| 20 | vine and fig tree | gefen / te’enah | vinha e figueira | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness | Low | new | Idiom for settled peace/security; minimal risk. |
| 21 | daughter of Zion (labor pains) | bat Tzion / chil | filha de Sião | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness | Medium | new | Personification of the covenant community; must retain the hope-through-suffering frame. |
| 22 | Bethlehem Ephrathah | Beit-Lechem Efratah | Belém de Efrata | The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem | Low | new | Established proper name; requires historical-geographic footnote (small, insignificant town). |
| 23 | ruler (Messianic) | moshel | o que há de reinar / governante | The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem / Messianic Promise (cf. Romans baseline “Messias”) | Critical | new | Direct tie to baseline’s Critical “Messianic Promise” and “Deity of Christ” doctrines; must exclude the Kardecist “most evolved spirit” reading. Human theologian review every occurrence. |
| 24 | goings forth from of old, from everlasting | u’motsaotav mikedem mimei olam | desde os tempos antigos, desde os dias da eternidade | The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem / Deity of Christ, Sonship of Christ (cf. Romans baseline) | Critical | new | The OT’s clearest pre-incarnate eternity claim about the Messiah; must be preserved intact. Human theologian review every occurrence. |
| 25 | shepherd | ra’ah | pastorear | The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem | Medium | new | ”Pastor” also denotes Evangelical clergy office in Brazil; keep the Messianic Shepherd role categorically distinct from and superior to any human pastoral office. |
| 26 | peace | shalom | paz | The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem | Medium | reuse | Reuse baseline “paz” exactly, per baseline’s Peace with God entry. |
| 27 | remnant of Jacob | she’erit Ya’akov | remanescente de Jacó | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness | High | reuse (of #9) | Same rationale as #9, applied to the Messianic-age remnant. |
| 28 | sorceries / witchcraft | kesafim | feitiçarias / bruxarias | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders / True Worship versus Empty Ritual | High | new | Sensitive direct collision with Afro-Brazilian religious vocabulary (Candomblé, Umbanda); must be taught as judgment on ANE occult practices tied to idolatry, not blanket condemnation of a living religious community. Human theologian review. |
| 29 | come before (the LORD) | qadam | vir perante / apresentar-me diante | True Worship versus Empty Ritual | Low | new | Standard cultic-approach vocabulary. |
| 30 | God on high | Elohei Marom | Deus altíssimo | True Worship versus Empty Ritual | Medium | new | Must retain unrivaled supremacy, not a generic honorific or “a high spirit” within a spirit-hierarchy framing. |
| 31 | burnt offerings / sacrifice | ’olah / zevach | holocaustos / sacrifício | True Worship versus Empty Ritual | High | new | Risk of collision with Catholic Mass-sacrifice theology and Candomblé/Umbanda animal sacrifice/oferendas; requires explanatory note that these OT ritual terms are shown insufficient apart from justice, mercy, humility. |
| 32 | firstborn (rhetorical child-sacrifice image) | bekhor | primogênito | True Worship versus Empty Ritual | Critical | new | Rhetorical rejection of child sacrifice, not a description of divine desire; must not be conflated with Christ’s unique Sonship/“firstborn” Christological language. |
| 33 | sin (of my soul) | chatta’ah | pecado | Justice, Mercy, and Humility / Sin (cf. Romans baseline) | Medium | reuse | Reuse baseline “pecado” exactly; never “erro” (Kardecist correctable-error framing). |
| 34 | do justice | asot mishpat | praticar a justiça | Justice, Mercy, and Humility | Critical | new — terminological collision with baseline | Portuguese “justiça” is the same word baseline uses for forensic δικαιοσύνη/righteousness. Requires an explicit cross-reference note distinguishing mishpat (doing justice toward others) from justificação/imputed righteousness (receiving a forensic verdict by faith). Human theologian review every occurrence. |
| 35 | mercy / lovingkindness | chesed | misericórdia | Justice, Mercy, and Humility | High | new | ARA renders chesed here as “beneficência,” which risks narrowing to institutional charity; this package recommends “misericórdia” as primary, flags the ARA variant for reconciliation, and requires teaching chesed as covenant loyal-love, not merit-earning charity (guard against Kardecist merit-across-lifetimes framing). |
| 36 | walk humbly | hatsnea lechet | andar humildemente | Justice, Mercy, and Humility | Medium | new | Whole-of-life posture for every believer, not an ascetic-elite “vida consagrada” category. |
| 37 | your God (covenantal) | Eloheicha | o teu Deus / seu Deus | Justice, Mercy, and Humility | Low | new | Standard covenantal possessive. |
| 38 | require / seek | darash | pedir / requerer | True Worship versus Empty Ritual | Medium | new | Same root elsewhere means “consult” (a medium/necromancer, Deut 18:11); footnote recommended given Brazilian “consulta espírita” practice. |
| 39 | covenant lawsuit / contend | riv / yakach | contenda / querela judicial | Justice, Mercy, and Humility | Medium | new | Literary-genre marker; frames 6:6-8 as courtroom speech, not a freestanding maxim. |
| 40 | God’s redemptive acts (Exodus recital) | yatsa / padah | resgatei / libertei | Justice, Mercy, and Humility / Grace (cf. Romans baseline) | Medium-High | new | Reinforces Grace ≠ merit: God’s requirement follows His prior redemptive grace, not the reverse. |
| 41 | dishonest scales | mo’zenei mirmah | balanças enganosas | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders | Medium | new | Concrete illustration of failure to “do justice.” |
| 42 | the godly/faithful one (chasid) | chasid | o piedoso / o fiel | Justice, Mercy, and Humility | Medium | new | From the chesed root; keep vocabulary consistent with #35 so the reader connects demand (6:8) and its lament (7:2). |
| 43 | household betrayal | ben mena’etz av | inimigos… da sua própria casa | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders | Medium | new | Cross-reference to Matthew 10:34-36; total covenant breakdown at the family level. |
| 44 | watchman / day of visitation | tsaphah | atalaia / sentinela | Judgment on Corrupt Leaders | Low | new | Marks arrival of predicted judgment. |
| 45 | look to the LORD / wait | tsaphah / yachal | esperarei no Senhor | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness | Medium | new | Active, confident trust, paralleling baseline’s “faith” entry — not passive resignation. |
| 46 | God of my salvation | Elohei yish’i | o Deus da minha salvação | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness / Salvation (cf. Romans baseline) | Critical | reuse (“salvação”) | Reuse baseline “salvação” exactly; never gradual “evolução espiritual” across reincarnations. |
| 47 | who is a God like you, pardoning iniquity | mi kamokha… nose avon | quem é Deus como tu, que perdoas a iniquidade | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness | Critical | new | Climactic forgiveness doctrine with an untranslatable name-pun (Micah = “Who is like Yah?”); must contrast sharply with the Kardecist “lei de causa e efeito.” Human theologian review every occurrence. |
| 48 | cast our sins into the depths of the sea | tashlikh… bimtsulot yam | lançarás os nossos pecados nas profundezas do mar | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness | High | new | Acute Brazil-specific risk of association with offerings to Iemanjá cast into the sea in Candomblé/Umbanda practice; must be taught as God’s own sovereign act, not a human ritual offering. Human theologian review. |
| 49 | faithfulness / mercy to Abraham | emet / chesed le-Avraham | fidelidade / misericórdia (a Abraão) | Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness / Covenant (cf. Romans baseline “aliança”) | High | new | Oath-grounded, unbreakable divine commitment; must stay vocabulary-consistent with chesed rendering at #35. |
| 50 | transgression (repeated) | pesha | transgressão | Universal Human Accountability | High | reuse (of #5) | Same term/rationale as #5, recurring in ch. 1 and ch. 6-7. |
Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline (translation_memory.json)
The following baseline-established renderings recur in Micah and MUST NOT be altered:
| Term | Baseline Portuguese Rendering | Baseline Risk |
|---|---|---|
| sin | pecado | Medium |
| salvation | salvação | Critical |
| gentiles | gentios | Low |
| peace | paz | Medium |
| covenant | aliança | High |
| glory | glória | Medium (contextual) |
| holy | santo | Medium |
New Terms Requiring Translation Memory Registration Before Phase 2
Terms flagged new above (all except the reuse rows) must be added to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json following the version-increment procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md before any Micah segment is processed in Phase 2. Terms flagged Critical or High require theologian review and sign-off prior to translation memory registration, per the baseline’s Glossary Enforcement Priority Order.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvação
Transliteration: sōtēria (Greek, cf. Hebrew yesha/yish’i)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. The single highest-risk term in the Language Package given Kardecist Spiritism’s scale in Brazil. Reused directly in Micah 7:7 (‘o Deus da minha salvação’) as decisive, personal divine deliverance received in trust, never gradual ‘evolução espiritual.‘
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justiça
Transliteration: dikaiosynē (Greek, cf. Hebrew tsedaqah)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado por esforço moral próprio
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. CRITICAL CROSS-REFERENCE FOR THIS CURRICULUM: this is the SAME Portuguese lexeme (‘justiça’) used to render Micah 6:8’s mishpat in ‘praticar a justiça’ (do_justice, below). Every Micah occurrence of ‘justiça’ must carry a disambiguation note clarifying whether the sense is Micah’s ethical/social mishpat (doing justice toward neighbor) or Romans’ forensic dikaiosynē (right standing before God received by faith). Never collapse one into the other.
Justification
Approved rendering: justificação
Transliteration: dikaiōsis (Greek)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: progresso espiritual gradual
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Retained here because Micah 6:8’s ‘do justice’ is at acute risk of being read as a description of, or a means to, justificação. Must be kept forensic and faith-received; never taught as achievable through the ethical triad of Micah 6:8.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: justiça imputada
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn (Greek phrase)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: justiça infundida (categoria tridentina), justiça conquistada por mérito próprio ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Retained for cross-reference discipline: Micah’s mishpat (do_justice) must never be presented as a route to, or synonym for, justiça imputada.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach (Greek/Hebrew)
Doctrine: The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem (Messianic Promise)
Rejected alternatives: um espírito superior ou mais evoluído (leitura espírita de Jesus como ‘o mais evoluído dos espíritos’)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Micah 5:2’s ‘ruler’ (moshel) and ‘goings forth from of old’ are this Language Package’s Old Testament anchor for this Critical baseline doctrine; must exclude the Kardecist ‘most evolved spirit’ Christology in every occurrence.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Filho de Deus
Transliteration: huios theou (Greek)
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: filho de Deus no sentido genérico aplicado a todo crente
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Retained for explicit fencing against Micah 6:7’s rhetorical ‘primogênito’ (firstborn, below): the pagan child-sacrifice image in Micah must never be theologically conflated with Christ’s unique eternal Sonship.
Lord
Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: kyrios (Greek, cf. Hebrew Yahweh/Adonai)
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Rejected alternatives: Senhor apenas em sentido devocional, sem reivindicação de senhorio total
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Used throughout Micah for Yahweh (e.g., ‘a palavra do Senhor,’ ‘o Espírito do Senhor,’ ‘vir perante o Senhor’); must convey exclusive, supreme lordship in every occurrence, consistent with the baseline’s Critical framing.
God
Approved rendering: Deus
Transliteration: theos / Elohim / YHWH
Doctrine: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Underlies Micah 6:6’s ‘Deus altíssimo’ (god_on_high, below); must retain unrivaled monotheistic supremacy, never a ‘highest spirit’ within a Kardecist/Umbanda spirit hierarchy.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espírito Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion (Greek)
Doctrine: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders / Inspiration of the Prophetic Word
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Retained as the doctrinal anchor for Micah 3:8’s ‘Espírito do Senhor’ (spirit_of_the_lord, below): the same divine Spirit later revealed as the third Person of the Trinity, never a Kardecist spirit guide or Candomblé/Umbanda incorporated spirit.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: encarnação
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto (Greek phrase)
Doctrine: Eternal Pre-existence and Deity of the Messiah
Rejected alternatives: encarnação como uma entre muitas vidas sucessivas de um espírito (sentido espírita)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Retained for explicit contrast with Micah 5:2’s ‘goings forth from of old, from everlasting’ (goings_forth_from_of_old, below): the Son’s unique, non-repeating incarnation must never be read as one ‘encarnação’ among a spirit’s many successive lives.
Ruler Messianic
Approved rendering: o que há de reinar / governante
Transliteration: moshel
Doctrine: The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem (Messianic Promise)
Rejected alternatives: o espírito mais evoluído (cristologia kardecista), um entre vários avatares ou guias espirituais
Original: מוֹשֵׁל
Category: The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem
The coming sovereign Davidic ruler over Israel, prophesied to be born in Bethlehem (Micah 5:2), fulfilled in Christ. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
Goings Forth From Of Old
Approved rendering: desde os tempos antigos, desde os dias da eternidade
Transliteration: u’motsaotav mikedem mimei olam
Doctrine: Eternal Pre-existence and Deity of the Messiah
Rejected alternatives: linhagem ancestral meramente humana, sem reivindicação de preexistência eterna, uma entre as vidas sucessivas de um espírito (leitura kardecista de encarnação)
Original: וּמוֹצָאֹתָיו מִקֶּדֶם מִימֵי עוֹלָם
Category: The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem
The OT’s clearest pre-incarnate eternity claim about the Messiah (Micah 5:2); must be preserved as a full paraphrase, never compressed to mere ancient lineage. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
Firstborn
Approved rendering: primogênito
Transliteration: bekhor
Doctrine: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
Rejected alternatives: leitura que conflaciona com ‘Filho de Deus’/primogênito cristológico (Romanos), descrição do que Deus realmente deseja
Original: בְּכוֹר
Category: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
Rhetorical, horrified escalation asking whether even child sacrifice could satisfy God (Micah 6:7). Must carry a translator’s note clarifying this rejects pagan child sacrifice; never theologically conflated with Christ’s unique eternal Sonship.
Do Justice
Approved rendering: praticar a justiça
Transliteration: asot mishpat
Doctrine: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
Rejected alternatives: colapso com justificação/justiça imputada (Romanos, sentido forense)
Original: עֲשׂוֹת מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
TERMINOLOGICAL COLLISION WITH BASELINE: ‘justiça’ is the same Portuguese word the baseline uses for forensic δικαιοσύνη/righteousness (Romans 3-5). The first requirement of Micah 6:8: enacting fair treatment toward others, especially the vulnerable. Every occurrence requires an explicit cross-reference note distinguishing mishpat (doing justice) from justificação/justiça imputada (receiving righteousness by faith). Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
God Of My Salvation
Approved rendering: o Deus da minha salvação
Transliteration: Elohei yish’i
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas
Original: אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׁעִי
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Reuse of baseline ‘salvação’ exactly (Micah 7:7). God as the personal source and agent of deliverance; never gradual ‘evolução espiritual’ across reincarnations.
Who Is A God Like You
Approved rendering: quem é Deus como tu, que perdoas a iniquidade
Transliteration: mi kamokha… nose avon
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Rejected alternatives: lei de causa e efeito espírita (perdão gradual conquistado ao longo de vidas sucessivas)
Original: מִי־כָמֹכָה … נֹשֵׂא עָוֹן
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
The book’s climactic rhetorical question, built on an untranslatable wordplay with the prophet’s own name (Micah = ‘Who is like Yah?’) (Micah 7:18). Requires an explanatory translator’s note on the name-pun. Must contrast sharply with the Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito.’ Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Covenant
Approved rendering: aliança
Transliteration: diathēkē (Greek, cf. Hebrew berit)
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant / Covenant Faithfulness to the Patriarchs
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal
Original: אֱמֶת (fidelity) / general covenant concept
Category: The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem / Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Underlies both the Davidic promise of Micah 5 and the Abrahamic oath of Micah 7:20; must convey a relational, oath-bound covenant bond, never a mere legal contract.
Grace
Approved rendering: graça
Transliteration: charis (Greek, cf. Hebrew chen/chesed-adjacent)
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: mérito espiritual acumulado ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Directly relevant to Micah 6:4-5’s Exodus recital (redemptive_acts, below): God’s requirement in 6:8 rests on prior redemptive grace, not a legalistic demand detached from relationship. Reinforces the baseline’s Grace ≠ merit rule against a Kardecist merit-across-lifetimes reading of Micah’s ethical triad.
Election
Approved rendering: eleição
Transliteration: eklogē (Greek)
Doctrine: Remnant and Divine Election
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado ao longo de reencarnações
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Directly relevant to Micah’s remnant motif (remnant, remnant_of_jacob, below): God’s sovereign, personal choice to preserve a remnant, not a status earned through accumulated merit or spiritual evolution across lifetimes.
Providence
Approved rendering: providência
Transliteration: pronoia (Greek)
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: lei de causa e efeito espírita (regência cármica das reencarnações)
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Directly relevant to Micah 6:8’s ‘require/seek’ (darash) and to Micah 7:18’s climactic forgiveness: God’s personal, purposive governance and pardon, never the Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito.‘
Faith
Approved rendering: fé
Transliteration: pistis (Greek, cf. Hebrew emunah)
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Rejected alternatives: convicção espírita, fé genérica em forças espirituais
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Relevant to Micah 7:7’s ‘esperarei no Senhor’ (look_to_the_lord, below): active, personal trust in a specific covenant God, not generic belief in the spirit world.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: a palavra do Senhor
Transliteration: devar Yahweh
Doctrine: Inspiration of the Prophetic Word
Rejected alternatives: psicografia (mensagens mediúnicas transcritas de espíritos desencarnados)
Original: דְּבַר־יְהוָה
Category: Prophecy and Revelation
Micah 1:1’s opening authority claim. Must be sharply distinguished from Kardecist psicografia, a mainstream, organized rival claim to ‘revealed’ communication in Brazil. Micah’s prophetic word is a unique, once-given divine message delivered through a chosen spokesperson, not ongoing channeled communication.
Idols
Approved rendering: ídolos / imagens esculpidas
Transliteration: pesilim / atsabim
Doctrine: Idolatry and Exclusive Covenant Loyalty
Rejected alternatives: polêmica antiCatólica genérica contra imagens de santos, condenação indiferenciada de representações materiais de orixás no Candomblé/Umbanda
Original: פְּסִילִים / עֲצַבִּים
Category: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
Micah 1:7’s charge against Samaria’s idolatry (likened to adultery). The doctrinal target is exclusive covenant loyalty to Yahweh, not physical religious imagery or iconography as such. Requires human theologian review wherever taught.
Transgression
Approved rendering: transgressão
Transliteration: pesha
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: erro corrigível gradualmente ao longo de reencarnações futuras (leitura espírita)
Original: פֶּשַׁע
Category: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
Names the root cause of judgment (Micah 1:5), recurs at 3:8, 6:7, 7:18. Carries the weight of active rebellion against a personal covenant Lord requiring pardon now, not karmic self-correction over lifetimes.
False Prophets
Approved rendering: falsos profetas
Transliteration: naba (misused)
Doctrine: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Rejected alternatives: polêmica genérica antimediúnica desconectada do contraste específico com o Espírito do Senhor em 3:8
Original: נבא (participle, misused)
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Prophets who suppress true warning and preach comfort for pay or popularity (Micah 2:6,11; 3:5-7,11). Parallels baseline mediumship warnings but its specific target is financial/social self-interest corrupting leadership, contrasted with Spirit-empowered truth-telling.
Remnant
Approved rendering: remanescente
Transliteration: she’erit
Doctrine: Remnant and Divine Election
Rejected alternatives: sobrevivência por mérito próprio ou evolução espiritual mais avançada (leitura kardecista), os dignos que permanecem (leitura tridentina de mérito)
Original: שְׁאֵרִית
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
The book’s central hope-motif (Micah 2:12), continued in 4:6-7 and 5:7-8. Preserved by God’s own initiative and covenant chesed, never by the remnant’s own merit or spiritual advancement.
Spirit Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Espírito do Senhor
Transliteration: ruach Yahweh
Doctrine: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders / Inspiration of the Prophetic Word
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias incorporados (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: רוּחַ יְהוָה
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Micah’s self-description of Spirit-empowered ministry (3:8), direct contrast with the paid false prophets of 3:5-7,11. This is the same divine Spirit later revealed as the third Person of the Trinity; inherits the baseline’s Holy Spirit safeguards in full.
Many Nations
Approved rendering: muitas nações / gentios
Transliteration: goyim rabbim
Doctrine: Universal Scope and Unity of the Nations
Original: גּוֹיִם רַבִּים
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
The ingathering of non-Israelite peoples into worship of Yahweh at restored Zion (Micah 4:2-3). Reuses baseline ‘gentios’; anticipates the baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles and Universal Scope of the Gospel doctrines. Flagged High for cross-curriculum consistency requirement, though the term itself carries low lexical ambiguity.
Remnant Of Jacob
Approved rendering: remanescente de Jacó
Transliteration: she’erit Ya’akov
Doctrine: Remnant and Divine Election
Rejected alternatives: sobrevivência por mérito próprio ou evolução espiritual mais avançada (leitura kardecista)
Original: שְׁאֵרִית יַעֲקֹב
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
The surviving, preserved covenant people pictured among the nations in the Messianic age (Micah 5:7-8). Same rendering and rationale as ‘remnant.‘
Sorceries
Approved rendering: feitiçarias / bruxarias
Transliteration: kesafim
Doctrine: Occult Practices and Exclusive Trust in God
Rejected alternatives: denúncia genérica de comunidades religiosas afro-brasileiras vivas (Candomblé, Umbanda)
Original: כְּשָׁפִים
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Forbidden occult practices purged as part of the Messianic restoration (Micah 5:12). Must be taught as judgment on ANE occult practices tied to idolatry, not a blanket denunciation of a living religious community. Human theologian review required.
Burnt Offerings
Approved rendering: holocaustos / sacrifício
Transliteration: ‘olah
Doctrine: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
Rejected alternatives: comentário sobre o sacrifício da Missa católica, comentário sobre sacrifício animal e oferendas/ebós ao Candomblé/Umbanda
Original: עוֹלָה
Category: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
The costliest OT sacrifice class, offered as an inadequate first answer to what God requires (Micah 6:6-7). Requires an explanatory note that this is OT ritual background shown insufficient apart from justice, mercy, and humility, unrelated to any present-day sacrificial practice.
Mercy
Approved rendering: misericórdia
Transliteration: chesed
Doctrine: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
Rejected alternatives: beneficência (estreitamento para caridade institucional, variante ARA), misericórdia como mérito acumulado ao longo de vidas sucessivas (leitura kardecista)
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
The second requirement of Micah 6:8, mirroring God’s own covenant chesed toward Israel (cf. 7:20). This Language Package designates ‘misericórdia’ as the primary rendering over ARA’s ‘beneficência.’ Translators quoting ARA-based hymnody/liturgy must reconcile the two consistently within a single document. Must be taught as covenant loyal-love, never merit-earning charity.
Redemptive Acts
Approved rendering: resgatei / libertei
Transliteration: yatsa / padah
Doctrine: Covenant Lawsuit Genre and Grace Preceding Obedience
Rejected alternatives: sequência que sugira que a obediência precede ou merece a graça
Original: יָצָא / פָּדָה
Category: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
God’s prior saving historical acts recalled as the basis of covenant obligation (Micah 6:4-5). Must be taught in sequence before 6:8, so justice/mercy/humility read as grateful response to grace already given, reinforcing the baseline’s Grace ≠ merit rule.
Cast Sins Into Sea
Approved rendering: lançarás os nossos pecados nas profundezas do mar
Transliteration: tashlikh… bimtsulot yam
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Rejected alternatives: paralelo com oferendas rituais lançadas ao mar para Iemanjá (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: תַשְׁלִיךְ … בִּמְצֻלוֹת יָם
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Vivid image of the total, irrecoverable removal of forgiven sin (Micah 7:19). Acute Brazil-specific risk of association with Iemanjá sea-offerings (Candomblé/Umbanda, especially Réveillon). Must be taught explicitly as God’s own sovereign act, never a human ritual offering. Human theologian review required.
Faithfulness To Abraham
Approved rendering: fidelidade / misericórdia (a Abraão)
Transliteration: emet / chesed le-Avraham
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness to the Patriarchs
Rejected alternatives: sentimento vago de boa vontade, sem peso de juramento e aliança
Original: אֱמֶת / חֶסֶד לְאַבְרָהָם
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
God’s oath-bound covenant loyalty to the patriarchs, the ultimate ground of Israel’s hope of restoration (Micah 7:20). Ties to the baseline’s High-risk ‘aliança’ entry; must maintain vocabulary consistency with ‘misericórdia’ established at 6:8.
Medium Risk Terms
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia (Greek, cf. Hebrew chatta’ah)
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: erro a ser corrigido em vidas futuras (leitura espírita)
Original: חַטָּאת
Category: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Moral transgression before a personal, holy God requiring atonement in this life, not a correctable ‘erro’ worked off across future incarnations. Recurs in Micah 6:7 (chatta’ah) parallel to pesha/transgressão; must remain ‘pecado,’ never ‘erro.‘
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: eirēnē (Greek, cf. Hebrew shalom)
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidade emocional
Original: שָׁלוֹם
Category: The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Reused in Micah 5:5 (‘this shall be peace’), specifically tied to the person and reign of the Messianic ruler, not merely inner calm.
Glory
Approved rendering: glória
Transliteration: doxa (Greek, cf. Hebrew kavod)
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God
Original: כָּבוֹד (implied, theophanic contexts)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Implicit in Micah 1:3-4’s theophany (the LORD comes forth from His place); standard usage, no acute Micah-specific collision beyond baseline notes.
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios (Greek, cf. Hebrew qadosh)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro em sentido ritual
Original: קָדוֹשׁ (implied, temple/covenant contexts)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Underlies Micah’s whole-book demand for exclusive covenant loyalty and moral purity; applies to the covenant community generally, not a ritual-purity-only sense.
High Places
Approved rendering: lugares altos
Transliteration: bamot
Doctrine: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
Original: בָּמוֹת
Category: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
Elevated local cultic sites, often syncretistic, rivaling proper worship at the temple. Historical-geographic term; requires a footnote for readers unfamiliar with this ANE religious geography.
Oppression
Approved rendering: opressão / usurpação de terras
Transliteration: ashaq / gazal
Doctrine: Social Justice and Economic Oppression
Rejected alternatives: espiritualização genérica que suprima o conteúdo econômico concreto
Original: עשׁק / גזל
Category: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
Concrete economic exploitation of the vulnerable, specifically illegal seizure of inherited land and houses (Micah 2:1-2). Must be taught with real social-economic force, grounding the abstract demand of 6:8.
Rulers
Approved rendering: governantes / chefes
Transliteration: rashim
Doctrine: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Original: רָאשִׁים
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Political and tribal heads directly accused of hating good and loving evil (Micah 3:1-2). Standard socio-political term; leadership is judged by its treatment of the vulnerable.
Eat The Flesh Of My People
Approved rendering: comer a carne do meu povo
Transliteration: okhlei she’ar ami
Doctrine: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Rejected alternatives: leitura literal de canibalismo
Original: אֹכְלֵי שְׁאֵר עַמִּי
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Figurative indictment of leaders who violently exploit those they should protect (Micah 3:2-3). Must be flagged in every occurrence as figurative language for economic/physical exploitation.
Bribery
Approved rendering: suborno / por dinheiro
Transliteration: kesef (with shachad/qasam roots)
Doctrine: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Original: כֶּסֶף (with שׁחד/קסם roots)
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Judicial and prophetic offices corrupted through payment (Micah 3:11). Standard socio-ethical corruption vocabulary illustrating the whole leadership structure’s failure.
Mountain Of The House Judgment
Approved rendering: o monte da casa do Senhor (contexto de juízo)
Transliteration: har habayit (judgment context)
Doctrine: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Rejected alternatives: leitura isolada, sem contrapartida restauradora do capítulo 4
Original: הַר הַבָּיִת (judgment context)
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
The temple mount pictured becoming a desolate wooded height because Zion was ‘built with blood’ (Micah 3:10,12). Must be paired with chapter 4’s restoration of the same site.
Latter Days
Approved rendering: os últimos dias
Transliteration: be’acharit hayamim
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Rejected alternatives: programa político nacionalista
Original: בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
The eschatological horizon of God’s final, climactic redemptive act (Micah 4:1). Ties to the baseline’s Kingdom of God doctrine (reino de Deus); must be conveyed as God’s sovereign future reign.
Mountain Of The Lords House
Approved rendering: o monte da casa do Senhor
Transliteration: har beit Yahweh
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Original: הַר בֵּית־יְהוָה
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Zion/the temple mount as the future exalted center of worship drawing all nations (Micah 4:1-2). Positive counterpart to the judgment-context entry in chapter 3.
Daughter Of Zion
Approved rendering: filha de Sião
Transliteration: bat Tzion
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Rejected alternatives: leitura de uma mulher individual literal, sem sentido de personificação corporativa
Original: בַּת־צִיּוֹן
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Personification of Jerusalem/the covenant community; birth-pang imagery frames present distress as preceding future deliverance (Micah 4:9-10).
Shepherd
Approved rendering: pastorear
Transliteration: ra’ah (yir’eh)
Doctrine: The True Shepherd versus Human Leadership Office
Rejected alternatives: equivalência simples ao ofício pastoral evangélico contemporâneo
Original: רָעָה
Category: The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem
Royal rule combined with pastoral tenderness (Micah 5:4). Portuguese ‘pastor’ also denotes the office of an Evangelical clergyman in Brazil; the Messianic Shepherd role must be taught as categorically superior to any human pastoral office.
God On High
Approved rendering: Deus altíssimo
Transliteration: Elohei Marom
Doctrine: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
Rejected alternatives: o espírito mais elevado dentro de uma hierarquia espiritual (leitura kardecista/umbandista)
Original: אֱלֹהֵי מָרוֹם
Category: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
God’s transcendent majesty and unrivaled supremacy as the one being approached (Micah 6:6). Must retain unrivaled, exclusive supremacy consistent with the baseline’s Critical Deus/Senhor framing.
Walk Humbly
Approved rendering: andar humildemente
Transliteration: hatsnea lechet
Doctrine: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
Rejected alternatives: humildade psicológica sem referência a Deus, vida consagrada reservada a uma elite religiosa
Original: הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת
Category: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
The third requirement of Micah 6:8: an entire manner of life submitted to God. A whole-of-life posture required of every believer, not a specialized ‘vida consagrada’ category.
Require Seek
Approved rendering: pedir / requerer
Transliteration: darash (doresh)
Doctrine: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
Rejected alternatives: consulta espírita (consultar um médium ou espírito guia)
Original: דָּרַשׁ
Category: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
God’s active, binding requirement of the triad of Micah 6:8. Same Hebrew root elsewhere means ‘consult’ a medium/necromancer (Deuteronomy 18:11), forbidden practice; footnote recommended given Brazilian ‘consulta espírita’ practice.
Covenant Lawsuit
Approved rendering: contenda / querela judicial
Transliteration: riv / yakach
Doctrine: Covenant Lawsuit Genre and Grace Preceding Obedience
Rejected alternatives: máxima ética isolada, sem contexto de aliança
Original: רִיב / יָכַח
Category: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
A fixed OT prophetic genre: God’s formal legal case against His covenant people, calling heaven and earth as witnesses (Micah 6:1-2). Frames 6:6-8 as courtroom speech, not a freestanding ethical maxim.
Dishonest Scales
Approved rendering: balanças enganosas
Transliteration: mo’zenei mirmah
Doctrine: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Original: מֹאזְנֵי מִרְמָה
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Rigged weights used to defraud in trade (Micah 6:11-12), concrete post-6:8 evidence that the community already failed the standard just declared.
Godly Faithful One
Approved rendering: o piedoso / o fiel
Transliteration: chasid
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Rejected alternatives: piedade ritual isolada da chesed ética
Original: חָסִיד
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
A person characterized by chesed, lamented in Micah 7:2 as having vanished from society. Keep vocabulary consistent with ‘misericórdia’ (mercy, above) so readers connect the demand of 6:8 with its absence lamented in 7:2.
Household Betrayal
Approved rendering: os inimigos do homem serão os da sua própria casa
Transliteration: ben mena’etz av (contextual)
Doctrine: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Original: בֵּן מְנַאֵץ אָב (contextual)
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Total breakdown of the most basic covenant relationships (Micah 7:5-6), directly quoted by Jesus in Matthew 10:34-36. Should carry a cross-reference note given its New Testament reuse.
Look To The Lord
Approved rendering: esperarei no Senhor
Transliteration: tsaphah / yachal
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Rejected alternatives: espera passiva ou resignação fatalista
Original: צָפָה / יָחַל
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Micah’s personal confession of active, expectant hope amid societal collapse (Micah 7:7). Must convey active, confident trust, paralleling the baseline’s Faith entry.
Low Risk Terms
Gentiles
Approved rendering: gentios
Transliteration: ethnē (Greek, cf. Hebrew goyim)
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: pagãos (pejorative)
Original: גּוֹיִם
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Inherited from Romans package, copied exactly. Reused for Micah 4:1-3’s ‘muitas nações/gentios,’ anticipating the Romans baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles and Universal Scope of the Gospel doctrines centuries in advance.
Mourning
Approved rendering: pranto / lamentação
Transliteration: mispéd
Doctrine: Mourning and Prophetic Lament
Original: מִסְפֵּד
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Ritualized public grief modeled by Micah himself (1:8) as the appropriate response to coming judgment. Standard genre term, minimal risk.
Woe
Approved rendering: ai
Transliteration: hoy
Doctrine: Mourning and Prophetic Lament / Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Original: הוֹי
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Prophetic funeral-lament formula repurposed as judgment announcement (Micah 2:1). Standard prophetic interjection, well-attested in the Portuguese Bible tradition.
Breaker
Approved rendering: o que abre caminho
Transliteration: haporets
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Original: הַפֹּרֵץ
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
God (or a leader) breaking open a path for the flock to escape and advance (Micah 2:13). Vivid restoration image prefiguring the shepherd-ruler of chapter 5.
Swords Into Plowshares
Approved rendering: espadas em relhas de arado
Transliteration: charavot le’itim
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Rejected alternatives: paráfrase nova divergente da tradição Almeida (ARA)
Original: חֲרָבוֹת לְאִתִּים
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Disarmament imagery marking the character of God’s future reign (Micah 4:3). Well-established idiom; reuse ARA’s exact wording for tradition-consistency.
Vine And Fig Tree
Approved rendering: vinha e figueira
Transliteration: gefen / te’enah
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Original: גֶּפֶן / תְּאֵנָה
Category: Hope of Restoration and Forgiveness
Idiom for settled agricultural peace and security under God’s future reign (Micah 4:4).
Bethlehem Ephrathah
Approved rendering: Belém de Efrata
Transliteration: Beit-Lechem Efratah
Doctrine: The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem
Original: בֵּית־לֶחֶם אֶפְרָתָה
Category: The Coming Ruler from Bethlehem
The small, seemingly insignificant Judean town from which the coming ruler will come (Micah 5:2), fulfilled in Matthew 2:6. Requires a historical-geographic footnote, not a doctrinal caution.
Come Before
Approved rendering: vir perante / apresentar-me diante
Transliteration: qadam (aqadem)
Doctrine: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
Original: קדם
Category: True Worship versus Empty Ritual
The worshiper’s opening question in the covenant lawsuit (Micah 6:6). Standard cultic-approach vocabulary; no known Brazilian collision.
Your God
Approved rendering: o teu Deus / seu Deus
Transliteration: Eloheicha
Doctrine: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
Original: אֱלֹהֶיךָ
Category: Justice, Mercy, and Humility
Possessive, covenantal address framing Micah 6:8’s triad as practiced in relationship with a personal, known God. Standard covenantal possessive.
Watchman
Approved rendering: atalaia / sentinela
Transliteration: tsaphah (root)
Doctrine: The Watchman and the Day of Visitation
Original: צָפָה (root)
Category: Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Marks the arrival of the predicted ‘day of visitation’ (Micah 7:4). Standard sentinel imagery, low risk.
Referenced passages