Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Genesis (Portuguese Language Package Extension)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Genesis 1–50. Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked “Reused (baseline)” and their Portuguese rendering is carried forward exactly, without modification. New terms required by Genesis-specific doctrines are marked “NEW” and are proposed here for addition to translation memory at the next version increment, pending theologian sign-off on Critical/High entries per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Glossary Table
| # | Term (EN) | Hebrew / Original | Transliteration | LXX Greek Cognate (if applicable) | Literal Meaning | Portuguese Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Baseline Status | Key Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Create | בָּרָא | bara’ | (no fixed LXX equiv.; cf. κτίζω doctrine) | to bring into existence from nothing | criar / criação / Criador | Critical | Creation Ex Nihilo | NEW | Gen 1:1, 1:21, 1:27, 2:3 |
| 2 | Formless and void | תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ | tohu va-bohu | ἀόρατος καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος | unshaped, empty | sem forma e vazia | Medium | Creation Ex Nihilo | NEW | Gen 1:2 |
| 3 | Spirit of God | רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים | ruach Elohim | πνεῦμα θεοῦ | breath/wind/spirit of God | Espírito de Deus | High | Creation Ex Nihilo / continuity with Holy Spirit | NEW (continuity with reused “Espírito Santo”) | Gen 1:2, 41:38 |
| 4 | Light | אוֹר | or | φῶς | light | luz | Low | Creation | NEW | Gen 1:3 |
| 5 | Good | טוֹב | tov | καλόν | good, fitting, functioning well | bom | Medium | Creation Ex Nihilo | NEW | Gen 1:4,10,12,18,21,25 |
| 6 | Very good | טוֹב מְאֹד | tov me’od | καλὰ λίαν | exceedingly good | muito bom | Medium-High | Creation Ex Nihilo (goodness of matter) | NEW | Gen 1:31 |
| 7 | Image / Likeness of God | צֶלֶם / דְּמוּת | tselem / demut | εἰκών / ὁμοίωσις | representative image / resemblance | imagem e semelhança de Deus | Critical | The Image of God | NEW | Gen 1:26-27, 5:1, 9:6 |
| 8 | Mankind / Adam | אָדָם | adam | ἄνθρωπος | man, mankind (wordplay on “ground”) | homem / humanidade | Medium | The Image of God | NEW | Gen 1:26, 2:7, 5:1 |
| 9 | Living being / soul | נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה | nephesh chayyah | ψυχὴ ζῶσα | living soul/being | alma vivente / ser vivente | High | The Image of God (anti-reincarnation) | NEW | Gen 1:20-24, 2:7 |
| 10 | Dominion / subdue | רָדָה / כָּבַש | radah / kabash | κατακυριεύω / ἄρχω | to rule / to bring under control | dominar / sujeitar | Medium | The Image of God (stewardship) | NEW | Gen 1:28 |
| 11 | Blessed / blessing | בָּרַךְ / בְּרָכָה | barak / berakah | εὐλογέω / εὐλογία | to speak favor and fruitfulness over | bênção / abençoar | High | Covenant Faithfulness / Abrahamic Covenant (prosperity-theology risk) | NEW | Gen 1:22,28; 12:2-3; 22:17-18; 27; 48-49 |
| 12 | Sabbath rest | שָׁבַת | shabat | κατέπαυσεν | to cease, rest | descansou / sábado | Medium | Sanctification | Reused (baseline “santo/santificação” family) | Gen 2:2-3 |
| 13 | Sanctify | קָדַשׁ | qadash | ἡγίασεν | to consecrate, set apart | santificar / santificação | High | Sanctification | Reused (baseline exactly) | Gen 2:3 |
| 14 | Helper | עֵזֶר | ezer | βοηθός | one who supplies needed strength, equal counterpart | auxiliadora | Low-Medium | The Image of God (complementarity) | NEW | Gen 2:18-20 |
| 15 | One flesh | בָּשָׂר אֶחָד | basar echad | σάρκα μίαν | one body/flesh, marital union | uma só carne | Medium | (Creation ordinance) | NEW | Gen 2:24 |
| 16 | Serpent | נָחָשׁ | nachash | ὄφις | serpent, snake | serpente | High | The Fall and the Origin of Sin | NEW | Gen 3:1-15 |
| 17 | Sin | חַטָּאת / חָטָא | chatta’ah / chata | ἁμαρτία | moral transgression before God | pecado | Medium | The Fall and the Origin of Sin | Reused (baseline exactly) | Gen 4:7, and throughout |
| 18 | Curse | אָרוּר / אָרַר | arur / arar | κατάρα / ἐπικατάρατος | placed under formal divine judgment | maldição / maldito | High | Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace | NEW | Gen 3:14,17; 4:11; 9:25 |
| 19 | Seed / offspring | זֶרַע | zera | σπέρμα | seed, offspring, descendant(s) | descendência | Medium-High | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise / protoevangelium | NEW (parallel to baseline “seed_of_david”) | Gen 3:15; 12:7; 15:5; 22:17-18; 49:10 |
| 20 | Covenant | בְּרִית | berit | διαθήκη | binding relational agreement | aliança | High | Abrahamic Covenant / Covenant Faithfulness | Reused (baseline exactly) | Gen 6:18; 9:9-17; 15; 17 |
| 21 | Believe / faith | אָמַן / הֶאֱמִין | aman / he’emin | πιστεύω | to trust, rely on | crer / fé | High | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise | Reused (baseline exactly) | Gen 15:6 |
| 22 | Imputed righteousness | וַיַּחְשְׁבֶהָ לּוֹ צְדָקָה | vayyachshevah lo tsedaqah | ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην | righteousness credited by faith, not earned | justiça imputada | Critical | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise | Reused (baseline exactly) | Gen 15:6 |
| 23 | Called / calling | קָרָא | qara | κλητός | summoned by sovereign divine initiative | chamado | High | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise / Divine Calling | Reused (baseline exactly) | Gen 12:1 |
| 24 | Election (sovereign choice) | (conceptual; cf. בָּחַר bachar elsewhere) | bachar (concept) | ἐκλογή | God’s sovereign, personal choice of a covenant line | eleição | High | Abrahamic Covenant / Providence | Reused (baseline exactly) | Gen 12; 17; 18:19; 25:23 |
| 25 | Circumcision | מִילָה / בְּרִית מִילָה | milah / berit milah | περιτομή | covenant sign cut in the flesh | circuncisão | Medium | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise | NEW | Gen 17:9-14; 34 |
| 26 | Divine name: God Almighty | אֵל שַׁדַּי | El Shaddai | ὁ θεός σου | God Almighty | Deus Todo-Poderoso | Medium | Providence and the Sovereignty of God (anti-syncretism) | NEW | Gen 17:1 |
| 27 | Divine name: God Most High | אֵל עֶלְיוֹן | El Elyon | ὁ θεὸς ὁ ὕψιστος | God Most High | Deus Altíssimo | Medium | Providence and the Sovereignty of God (anti-syncretism) | NEW | Gen 14:18-22 |
| 28 | Angel of the LORD | מַלְאַךְ יהוה | malak YHWH | ἄγγελος κυρίου | the LORD’s own messenger, speaking with divine authority | o anjo do SENHOR | High | Providence / anti-mediumship | NEW | Gen 16:7-13; 22:11-18 |
| 29 | Dream / interpret | חָלוֹם / פָּתַר | chalom / patar | ἐνύπνιον / συγκρίνω | divinely-given revelatory dream / to interpret | sonho / interpretar | High | Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering (anti-divination) | NEW | Gen 28; 37; 40-41 |
| 30 | Providence (God’s intending for good) | חָשַׁב | chashab | (cf. πρόνοια, Rom 8:28 doctrine) | to think, plan, devise, purpose | providência | Critical | Providence and the Sovereignty of God / Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering | Reused (baseline exactly) | Gen 39:2,21; 45:5-8; 50:20 |
| 31 | Remember (covenant attention) | זָכַר | zakar | ἐμνήσθη | to actively turn covenant attention toward action | lembrar-se | Medium | Providence and the Sovereignty of God | NEW | Gen 8:1; 9:15-16 |
| 32 | Common grace (universal covenant provision) | (conceptual; cf. בְּרִית עוֹלָם berit olam) | berit olam (concept) | (no single LXX term; doctrinal category) | God’s sustaining favor extended to all creation, believing and unbelieving alike | graça comum | High | Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace | NEW | Gen 9:9-17; 4:15 (mark on Cain); 20:6 |
| 33 | Steadfast love / covenant faithfulness | חֶסֶד | chesed | ἔλεος / χάρις | loyal, faithful covenant love/kindness | fidelidade aliançal (context-sensitive: also “bondade,” “misericórdia”) | High | Covenant Faithfulness across Generations | NEW (context-sensitive, cf. baseline “chamado” precedent) | Gen 24:12,27; 32:10; 39:21 |
| 34 | Name (covenant identity change) | שֵׁם | shem | ὄνομα | name, marking a decisive divine reorientation of identity | nome | Medium | Covenant Faithfulness across Generations | NEW | Gen 17:5,15; 32:28 |
| 35 | Curse of Ham (historical-risk passage) | (narrative passage, not a single lexeme) | — | — | Noah’s narrow curse on Canaan, historically misapplied | maldição de Cam (teaching-note flag) | Critical (cultural-historical) | Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace | NEW — Brazil-specific historical risk | Gen 9:20-27 |
| 36 | Household idols | תְּרָפִים | teraphim | εἴδωλα | small household images of rival deities/ancestral spirits | ídolos / deuses domésticos | Medium-High | Covenant Faithfulness across Generations (exclusive worship) | NEW | Gen 31:19,34; 35:2-4 |
| 37 | Fear of God | יִרְאַת אֱלֹהִים | yir’at Elohim | φόβος θεοῦ | reverent moral awareness of God’s presence | temor de Deus | Medium | Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace | NEW | Gen 20:11; 22:12 |
| 38 | Testing / trial | נִסָּה | nissah | ἐπείρασεν | to test, prove (not to entice toward evil) | provar / pôr à prova | High | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise (Akedah) | NEW | Gen 22:1 |
| 39 | The LORD will provide | יהוה יִרְאֶה | YHWH Yireh | κύριος εἶδεν | ”the LORD will see/provide” | o SENHOR proverá | High | Providence and the Sovereignty of God | NEW | Gen 22:14 |
| 40 | God sent me (providential sending) | שָׁלַח | shalach | ἀπέστειλεν | to send with purpose | Deus me enviou | Critical | Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering | NEW (ties to reused “providência”) | Gen 45:5,7,8 |
| 41 | Righteous / blameless | צַדִּיק / תָּמִים | tsaddiq / tamim | δίκαιος / ἄμωμος | right-standing, whole/blameless | justo / íntegro | Medium | (continuity toward “justiça”) | Reused (baseline “justiça” family) | Gen 6:9; 7:1; 38:26 |
| 42 | Generations (structural genealogy formula) | תּוֹלְדֹת | toledot | γενέσεις | begettings, family-historical record | gerações | Medium | Covenant Faithfulness across Generations (structural) | NEW | Gen 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10; 25:12; 36:1; 37:2 |
Cross-Reference to Baseline Terms Reused Exactly
The following terms carry no deviation whatsoever from translation_memory.json; Genesis merely supplies additional theological grounding and Old Testament background for terms Romans already anchors in the Language Package:
- aliança (covenant) — Genesis 6, 9, 15, 17
- fé (faith/believe) — Genesis 15:6
- justiça imputada (imputed righteousness) — Genesis 15:6, notably sharing Almeida’s own verb “imputou” at this verse
- chamado (called/calling) — Genesis 12:1
- eleição (election) — Genesis 12, 17, 18:19, 25:23
- providência (providence) — Genesis 39, 45, 50:20
- pecado (sin) — Genesis 4:7 and throughout
- santo / santificação (holy/sanctify) — Genesis 2:3
- Deus, Senhor (SENHOR), Espírito Santo (Espírito de Deus) — Genesis 1:1-2; divine-name occurrences throughout
New Terms Proposed for Translation Memory (Pending Theologian Review)
Rows 1–19, 25–39, and 42 above (all rows marked “NEW”) are proposed for addition to translation_memory.json at the next version increment. Per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md, the following NEW entries are Critical or High risk and require human theologian sign-off before Phase 2 processing may proceed on any Genesis segment containing them:
- criar / criação (Critical — Creation Ex Nihilo; direct collision with Allan Kardec’s A Gênese)
- imagem e semelhança de Deus (Critical — Image of God; Kardecist and Afro-Brazilian syncretism risk)
- alma vivente / ser vivente (High — anti-reincarnation)
- bênção / abençoar (High — prosperity-theology risk)
- serpente (High — identification with Satan; cultural symbol collision)
- maldição / maldito (High — anti-karma framing)
- descendência (Medium-High — messianic trajectory)
- o anjo do SENHOR (High — anti-mediumship)
- sonho / interpretar (High — anti-divination)
- graça comum (High — new doctrinal category term)
- fidelidade aliançal (High — context-sensitive chesed rendering)
- maldição de Cam (Critical, cultural-historical — Brazil’s slaveholding history)
- ídolos / deuses domésticos (Medium-High — household-spirit syncretism)
- provar / pôr à prova (High — Akedah)
- o SENHOR proverá (High — providence)
- Deus me enviou (Critical — providence, Joseph narrative)
All remaining NEW rows (Medium and Low risk) may proceed to translation memory with native-speaker review per standard priority-order rules already established in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justiça
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado por esforço moral próprio
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: the tsaddiq/tsedaqah word family recurs at Noah’s righteousness (Gen 6:9), Abram’s imputed righteousness (Gen 15:6), and Tamar’s righteousness over Judah (Gen 38:26).
Justification
Approved rendering: justificação
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: progresso espiritual gradual
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: retained for cross-curriculum doctrinal continuity; Genesis 15:6 is the Old Testament seed-text Paul later develops into this doctrine in Romans 4.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvação
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: evolução espiritual através de reencarnações sucessivas
Original: יָשַׁע (cf. Genesis 45:7, ‘to preserve life’; the Flood/ark narrative, Genesis 6-8)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: God’s decisive deliverance of Noah’s family through the Flood (Gen 6-8) and Joseph’s preservation of his family through famine (Gen 45:7) foreshadow the doctrine; never conflated with Kardecist gradual ‘evolução espiritual’.
Saints
Approved rendering: santos
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: santos venerados e invocados como intercessores
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: no direct Genesis occurrence, but retained here so translators recognize the same Catholic-piety collision risk applies the moment this vocabulary family (santo/santo/santos) is used anywhere in Genesis teaching notes.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ressurreição
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: reencarnação
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: no direct textual occurrence, but retained because Genesis’s anti-reincarnation anthropology (living_being, Gen 2:7) is the narrative foundation for this same forbidden-substitution rule; NEVER reencarnação anywhere in this curriculum.
Lord
Approved rendering: Senhor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Senhor apenas em sentido devocional, sem reivindicação de senhorio total
Original: יהוה (YHWH)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: ‘SENHOR’ (small caps, representing YHWH) recurs throughout Genesis as the personal covenant name of God; see also the new ‘lord’ entry in bible_term_registry.json distinguishing ‘SENHOR’ (YHWH, the tetragrammaton) from ‘Senhor’ (a title).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: um espírito superior ou mais evoluído (leitura espírita de Jesus como ‘o mais evoluído dos espíritos’)
Original: (typological anticipation, Genesis 3:15; 49:10, ‘Shiloh’/scepter)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: anchored typologically in the protoevangelium (Gen 3:15) and Judah’s scepter/Shiloh promise (Gen 49:10); must not be read through the Kardecist ‘most evolved spirit’ Christology.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: justiça imputada
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: justiça infundida (categoria tridentina), justiça conquistada por mérito próprio ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Original: וַיַּחְשְׁבֶהָ לּוֹ צְדָקָה
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: Genesis 15:6 is the foundational Old Testament text Paul cites in Romans 4; the Almeida Portuguese tradition already uses the verb ‘imputou’ at this very verse (‘creu ele no SENHOR, e o SENHOR imputou-lhe isto como justiça’), giving unusually clean cross-curriculum lexical continuity.
God
Approved rendering: Deus
Transliteration: theos / Elohim / YHWH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: Genesis 1:1’s ‘Elohim’ is the sole, sovereign, personal Creator; pastoral note retained for Afro-Brazilian contexts where Candomblé/Umbanda orixás are sometimes syncretized with Catholic saints, which can blur exclusive monotheism if not addressed directly.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espírito Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים / πνεῦμα ἅγιον (NT cognate)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: continuous with ‘Espírito de Deus’ (see new entry below), active from Genesis 1:2 and recognized in Joseph by Pharaoh (Gen 41:38).
Father
Approved rendering: Pai
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: retained for doctrinal continuity into the patriarchal narratives, where God’s personal, relational faithfulness across generations (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob) anticipates the fuller Fatherhood doctrine of Romans 8.
Create
Approved rendering: criar / criou / criação
Transliteration: bara’
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Rejected alternatives: formar/moldar a partir de matéria preexistente (leitura espírita de A Gênese), evolução autônoma de um universo eterno
Original: בָּרָא
Category: Creation
NEW. The single highest-risk term in the Genesis Language Package. Allan Kardec’s ‘A Gênese, os Milagres e as Predições segundo o Espiritismo’ explicitly reinterprets Genesis 1 as an eternal, self-evolving universe and pre-existing spirit-matter undergoing perfection, denying creation from nothing. ‘Criou’ must always be taught paired with explicit ex-nihilo instruction. Preserve the triple repetition at Genesis 1:27 (‘criou… criou… criou’) rather than smoothing into one verb. Distinguish from ‘asah’ (fazer/formar, to make from existing material).
Image Of God
Approved rendering: imagem e semelhança de Deus
Transliteration: tselem / demut
Doctrine: The Image of God
Rejected alternatives: a centelha divina em evolução através de reencarnações (leitura espírita), essência ancestral ou orixá herdada, o orí (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: צֶלֶם / דְּמוּת
Category: Anthropology
NEW. The second Critical headline term of this Language Package. Must exclude both the Kardecist evolving-divine-spark reading and the Candomblé/Umbanda inherited-essence (orí) reading. The image is a bestowed, creaturely, representative status conferred once at creation, not evolved or indwelling divine substance. Always use the full fixed compound; never split into ‘imagem’ alone.
Curse Of Ham
Approved rendering: a maldição de Cam (nota de ensino obrigatória)
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: qualquer leitura racializada da maldição de Noé sobre Canaã
Original: (narrative passage, Genesis 9:20-27; not a single lexeme)
Category: Sin
NEW, Critical cultural-historical risk distinct from term-level risks. Noah’s curse falls narrowly on Canaan for a specific act; this passage has a documented history of being invoked in the transatlantic slave trade and its colonial-era theological defenses — direct, heavy historical weight in Brazil, which received more enslaved Africans than any other country in the Americas and was the last nation in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery (1888). Curriculum materials must explicitly reject any racialized reading.
Sent By God
Approved rendering: Deus me enviou
Transliteration: shalach
Doctrine: Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: acaso ou destino impessoal, dívida cármica sendo resolvida
Original: שָׁלַח
Category: Providence
NEW. Joseph’s declaration that God, not his brothers, sent him to Egypt for a purposive redemptive end (Gen 45:5,7,8); the theological climax of the providence doctrine before its full statement at Gen 50:20. Ties directly to ‘providência’.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: graça
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: mérito espiritual acumulado ao longo de vidas sucessivas
Original: חֵן / חָנַן (cf. Genesis 6:8, ‘Noah found grace/favor’)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: Noah ‘found grace’ (חֵן/חָנַן) in the eyes of the LORD, Genesis 6:8, prior to the Flood — unmerited favor, not merit accumulated across reincarnations as Kardecism teaches.
Faith
Approved rendering: fé
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: convicção espírita, fé genérica em forças espirituais
Original: אָמַן / הֶאֱמִין
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: Abram’s trust in God’s promise, Genesis 15:6, the Old Testament text Paul cites as the foundation of Romans 4.
Calling
Approved rendering: chamado
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocação (narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: Abram’s calling must be taught as God’s sovereign initiative, not Abram’s own spiritual searching or self-directed enlightenment.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: santificação
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purificação cármica ao longo de reencarnações (leitura espírita)
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: God’s own act of ‘santificar’ the seventh day, Genesis 2:3 — the qadash root’s first biblical occurrence.
Covenant
Approved rendering: aliança
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: berit’s first explicit canonical use is Genesis 6:18, extended universally at Genesis 9, and centrally to Abraham at Genesis 15 and 17 — establish here, at its canonical root, that it denotes a relational bond, not a mere legal contract.
Election
Approved rendering: eleição
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: mérito conquistado ao longo de reencarnações
Original: בָּחַר (concept, cf. Genesis 12; 17; 18:19; 25:23)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: God’s sovereign choice of Abraham’s line (Gen 12, 17, 18:19) and of Jacob over Esau prior to birth (Gen 25:23); must not read as a status earned through accumulated merit across lifetimes.
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercessão
Transliteration: hyperentynchanei / enteuxis
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: comunicação com espíritos de mortos por meio de médiuns, intercessão exclusiva dos santos e de Maria
Original: פָּלַל (cf. Genesis 18:22-33, Abraham’s plea for Sodom)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: Abraham’s bold appeal to God’s own justice on behalf of Sodom (Gen 18:22-33) is a key Old Testament type for the doctrine the baseline develops in Romans 8:26-27, 34.
Providence
Approved rendering: providência
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: lei de causa e efeito espírita (regência cármica das reencarnações)
Original: חָשַׁב
Category: Providence
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: this is the Genesis parallel to Romans 8:28, culminating in Genesis 50:20; always qualify as ‘providência de Deus’/‘providência divina’ in doctrinal text, never bare, and fence against both the Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito’ and the unrelated bureaucratic Brazilian idiom ‘tomar as providências’ (to take administrative measures).
Spirit Of God
Approved rendering: Espírito de Deus
Transliteration: ruach Elohim
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo / continuity with the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais (espiritismo), orixás e guias (Candomblé/Umbanda)
Original: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
NEW, in continuity with the inherited ‘Espírito Santo’ entry. The personal divine Spirit active at creation (Gen 1:2) and recognized even by Pharaoh in Joseph (Gen 41:38); must be distinguished from Kardecist and Candomblé/Umbanda spirit-guide frameworks exactly as the baseline requires for ‘Espírito Santo’.
Very Good
Approved rendering: muito bom
Transliteration: tov me’od
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Rejected alternatives: a matéria como reino inferior ou escola temporária para o espírito (leitura espírita/esotérica)
Original: טוֹב מְאֹד
Category: Creation
NEW. God’s superlative verdict on the finished creation, including physical bodies; key positive-doctrine anchor against Kardecist and broader Brazilian esoteric devaluations of matter and the body.
Living Being
Approved rendering: alma vivente / ser vivente
Transliteration: nephesh chayyah
Doctrine: The Image of God / anti-reincarnation anthropology
Rejected alternatives: um espírito preexistente que migra para um novo corpo (leitura espírita da reencarnação)
Original: נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה
Category: Anthropology
NEW. One of the sharpest Genesis-specific collisions with Kardecist doctrine: Spiritism teaches the spirit pre-exists the body and migrates into successive bodies across lifetimes. Genesis 2:7 teaches a human life beginning as a single, unrepeated act of God uniting body and breath. ‘Alma’ also imports Platonic/Catholic body-soul dualism the Hebrew term does not carry; require a teaching note correcting both readings.
Blessing
Approved rendering: bênção / abençoar
Transliteration: barak / berakah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise / Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Rejected alternatives: garantia de prosperidade material reivindicada por fórmulas de fé (teologia da prosperidade)
Original: בָּרַךְ / בְּרָכָה
Category: Covenant
NEW. God’s favorable, life-giving pronouncement (Gen 1:22, 1:28), culminating in the Abrahamic covenant blessing to all nations (Gen 12:2-3). Specific Brazilian risk: teologia da prosperidade, prominent in Brazilian Neopentecostalism, which can flatten ‘bênção’ into a claimable formula for wealth, health, and success. Must be taught as covenant favor oriented toward becoming a channel of blessing to all nations. Flag every occurrence (12:2-3; 22:17-18; ch.27; 48-49).
Serpent
Approved rendering: serpente
Transliteration: nachash
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
Rejected alternatives: símbolo cultural não relacionado (associação com o orixá Oxumarê no Candomblé)
Original: נָחָשׁ
Category: Sin
NEW. A real created creature later identified in Scripture with the tempter/Satan (cf. Revelation 12:9). Two risks: flattening into an animal fable if the identification with Satan is not taught; and unrelated Afro-Brazilian symbolic freight around serpent imagery. Must be taught explicitly as the historical tempter of humanity.
Curse
Approved rendering: maldição / maldito
Transliteration: arur / arar
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: dívida cármica a ser resolvida em vidas futuras (lei de causa e efeito espírita), praga ou feitiço ritual (macumba, despacho)
Original: אָרוּר / אָרַר
Category: Sin
NEW. A formal, personal divine judgment (Gen 3:14,17; 4:11; 9:25) with a personal, historical remedy (Gen 3:15). Must be fenced against both the Kardecist ‘lei de causa e efeito’ and Afro-Brazilian/folk-religious ritually placed curses (macumba, despacho, ‘rogar uma praga’), a distinct human-magical-act category the curse must not be confused with.
Angel Of The Lord
Approved rendering: o anjo do SENHOR
Transliteration: malak YHWH
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: espíritos guias ou mentores espirituais consultados por mediunidade, orixás e guias consultados por incorporação
Original: מַלְאַךְ יהוה
Category: Providence
NEW. The LORD’s own messenger, speaking and acting with God’s direct authority and identity (Gen 16:7-13; 22:11-18), distinct from ordinary created angels. Must be sharply distinguished from Kardecist ‘espíritos guias’ and Afro-Brazilian mediumship consultation of spirit-messengers or orixás — both mainstream, organized religious practices in Brazil.
Dream
Approved rendering: sonho / interpretar
Transliteration: chalom / patar
Doctrine: Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: técnica de divinação replicável (jogo de búzios), mensagem mediúnica interpretada por um médium, psicografia
Original: חָלוֹם / פָּתַר
Category: Providence
NEW. God’s chosen means of sovereign, self-authenticating revelation (Gen 28, 37, 40-41). Brazil-specific risk: revelatory dreams, dream interpretation, and divinatory practices are widely practiced in Brazilian folk-Catholic, Kardecist, and Afro-Brazilian religious contexts. Must never be taught as a replicable technique.
Common Grace
Approved rendering: graça comum
Transliteration: berit olam (concept)
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: graça inferior ou apenas ‘ordinária’ (má leitura popular do termo), favor conquistado por mérito acumulado (leitura tridentina ou espírita)
Original: (conceptual; cf. בְּרִית עוֹלָם, berit olam)
Category: Providence
NEW doctrinal category term with no single Hebrew lexical equivalent, first codified in the universal, unconditional Noahic covenant (Gen 9:9-17). Risk that learners parse ‘comum’ as ‘lesser/ordinary’ grace rather than the technical Reformed category of God’s universal, non-salvific favor. Gloss on first use each lesson with a plain-language paraphrase.
Chesed
Approved rendering: fidelidade aliançal (contextual: bondade / misericórdia)
Transliteration: chesed
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Rejected alternatives: bondade genérica sem peso aliançal
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: Covenant
NEW. Steadfast, loyal covenant love/kindness (Gen 24:12,27; 32:10; 39:21). No single Portuguese word captures the full range; prefer Almeida’s own context-sensitive precedent (bondade/misericórdia/fidelidade) in running text, reserving the coined compound ‘fidelidade aliançal’ for glossary/teaching-note use, flagged per-occurrence for native speaker review as with baseline ‘chamado’.
Household Idols
Approved rendering: ídolos / deuses domésticos
Transliteration: teraphim
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Original: תְּרָפִים
Category: Sin
NEW. Small household idols possibly associated with ancestral protection or divination (Gen 31:19,34; 35:2-4); directly relevant to Brazilian household ritual objects tied to ancestral or protective spirits in Afro-Brazilian and folk-Catholic practice. Teach as objects of misplaced trust to be renounced.
Testing
Approved rendering: provar / pôr à prova
Transliteration: nissah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: tentar para o mal (leitura que contradiz Tiago 1:13)
Original: נִסָּה
Category: Faith
NEW. God’s testing of Abraham’s faith at the binding of Isaac (Gen 22:1), proving rather than producing his trust. Care that the Portuguese verb does not read as God tempting Abraham toward evil (contrast James 1:13); parallel Almeida’s established rendering (‘Deus provou a Abraão’).
Yhwh Yireh
Approved rendering: o SENHOR proverá
Transliteration: YHWH Yireh
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
Original: יהוה יִרְאֶה
Category: Providence
NEW. ‘The LORD will provide,’ commemorating God’s provision of a substitute at the critical moment (Gen 22:14); directly reinforces the doctrine of providence, tied to ‘providência’.
The Fall
Approved rendering: a Queda
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
Rejected alternatives: mito simbólico sem historicidade (leitura espírita/alegórica de A Gênese), um erro corrigível ao longo de vidas futuras
NEW fixed doctrinal category name, identified as a genuine translation-memory gap: despite being one of the curriculum’s eight named doctrines, no tracked Portuguese phrase existed for it. Always capitalize ‘a Queda’ in doctrinal headers to distinguish it from ‘pecado’ (sin) itself. Must remain historical, singular, and universal in consequence, not softened into Kardecist allegory.
Shiloh
Approved rendering: Siló
Transliteration: Shiloh
Doctrine: Messianic Anticipation
Rejected alternatives: um espírito superior ou mais evoluído (leitura espírita da messianidade)
NEW. Judah’s scepter promise (Gen 49:10) identifying the covenant line’s future ruler; direct Old Testament root of the Davidic line and the Critical ‘messiah’ entry. Transliterate per Almeida precedent; must not be read through the Kardecist ‘most evolved spirit’ Christology.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: chamado
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic register)
Original: קָרָא / לֶךְ־לְךָ
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: God’s summons of Abram, ‘lech-lecha’ (Gen 12:1), the paradigm Old Testament instance of divine calling underlying Romans 1:1, 1:6-7.
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro em sentido ritual
Original: קָדוֹשׁ / קָדַשׁ
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: the qadash/qadosh root’s first canonical occurrence is Genesis 2:3, where God sets apart the seventh day — establishing the pattern of moral/relational set-apartness before Romans 1:7 applies it to all believers.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: descendência de Davi
Transliteration: sperma Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: the direct Old Testament root of this Romans phrase is Judah’s scepter promise (Gen 49:10), fulfilled in the line of David (2 Samuel 7) and ultimately in Christ.
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: erro a ser corrigido em vidas futuras (leitura espírita)
Original: חַטָּאת / חָטָא
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: personified as a crouching predator at its first noun-form occurrence (Gen 4:7); distinguished from a correctable ‘erro’ worked off across future incarnations.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: poder de Deus
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: (conceptual; cf. Genesis 1’s creative fiat, 18:14 ‘Is anything too hard for the LORD?’)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: demonstrated supremely in creation itself (Gen 1) and reaffirmed at key covenant moments (‘Is anything too hard for the LORD?’, Gen 18:14).
Formless And Void
Approved rendering: sem forma e vazia
Transliteration: tohu va-bohu
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Rejected alternatives: matéria cósmica eterna preexistente que Deus apenas organiza (leitura espírita)
Original: תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ
Category: Creation
NEW. Must be taught as the initial state of God’s own creative act an instant after calling matter into existence, not eternally pre-existing raw cosmic matter God merely organizes.
Good
Approved rendering: bom
Transliteration: tov
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Original: טוֹב
Category: Creation
NEW. God’s own evaluation that creation functions as intended; foundational to the doctrine that the material world is not evil or inferior.
Mankind
Approved rendering: homem / humanidade
Transliteration: adam / adamah
Doctrine: The Image of God
Original: אָדָם / אֲדָמָה
Category: Anthropology
NEW. Humanity formed from and named after the ground (Hebrew wordplay); should be taught alongside ‘imagem e semelhança de Deus’ to hold together humble earthly origin and exalted divine image.
Dominion
Approved rendering: dominar / sujeitar
Transliteration: radah / kabash
Doctrine: The Image of God
Rejected alternatives: domínio como licença para exploração
Original: רָדָה / כָּבַש
Category: Anthropology
NEW. Delegated stewardship rule over creation as God’s representative, not owner; primary risk is contemporary ecological-ethics debate rather than a syncretism collision.
Sabbath Rest
Approved rendering: descansou / sábado
Transliteration: shabat
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: recuperação de exaustão
Original: שָׁבַת
Category: Sanctification
NEW. God’s royal ceasing establishing a pattern, not recovery from exhaustion; stands in contrast to Kardecist cosmology’s eternally, indefinitely evolving universe with no fixed beginning or completion point.
Helper
Approved rendering: auxiliadora
Transliteration: ezer
Doctrine: The Image of God
Rejected alternatives: assistente subordinada
Original: עֵזֶר
Category: Anthropology
NEW. ‘Ezer kenegdo’ — helper corresponding to/matching him, an equal counterpart, not a subordinate assistant; the same word elsewhere describes God as Israel’s helper. Care in Portuguese rendering to avoid implying servitude.
One Flesh
Approved rendering: uma só carne
Transliteration: basar echad
Doctrine: The Image of God
Original: בָּשָׂר אֶחָד
Category: Anthropology
NEW. The covenantal, relational, and physical union of marriage, instituted at creation prior to and independent of the Fall.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: circuncisão
Transliteration: milah / berit milah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: obra que conquista a pertença à aliança
Original: מִילָה / בְּרִית מִילָה
Category: Covenant
NEW. The covenant sign (Gen 17:9-14), later engaged directly by Paul in Romans 2 and 4. Must be taught as a sign of grace already received by faith (Abraham believed in ch.15 before circumcision in ch.17), not a work earning covenant membership.
El Shaddai
Approved rendering: Deus Todo-Poderoso
Transliteration: El Shaddai
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: transliteração isolada sem glosa (‘Shadai’)
Original: אֵל שַׁדַּי
Category: God
NEW. A title of the one true God revealed to Abraham (Gen 17:1); must not be read as a distinct deity, given Brazilian syncretistic tendencies to identify divine epithets with orixás or spirit-beings.
El Elyon
Approved rendering: Deus Altíssimo
Transliteration: El Elyon
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
Original: אֵל עֶלְיוֹן
Category: God
NEW. Melchizedek’s title for God (Gen 14:18-22), explicitly equated by the text itself with Abram’s YHWH (14:22); must be taught as the same one God, not a separate deity or orixá.
Remember
Approved rendering: lembrar-se
Transliteration: zakar
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: lapso de memória corrigido
Original: זָכַר
Category: Providence
NEW. God’s active turning of covenant attention toward action on someone’s behalf (Gen 8:1; 9:15-16), not a corrected lapse of memory; foundational to providence as active covenant attention, not passive fate.
Name Change
Approved rendering: nome
Transliteration: shem
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Original: שֵׁם
Category: Covenant
NEW. A new name marks a decisive divine reorientation of covenant identity (Abrão→Abraão; Sarai→Sara; Jacó→Israel); structural motif reinforcing covenant faithfulness across generations.
Fear Of God
Approved rendering: temor de Deus
Transliteration: yir’at Elohim
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: medo supersticioso
Original: יִרְאַת אֱלֹהִים
Category: Providence
NEW. Reverent moral awareness of God’s presence restraining wrongdoing, even among those outside the covenant (Gen 20:11; 22:12); an early data point for common grace.
Righteous
Approved rendering: justo / íntegro
Transliteration: tsaddiq / tamim
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith / Righteousness without Ethnic Distinction
Rejected alternatives: perfeição moral absoluta sem falhas
Original: צַדִּיק / תָּמִים
Category: Salvation
NEW. Righteous, blameless — of Noah (Gen 6:9) as relational faithfulness and reliance on God, not sinless perfection, and of Tamar (Gen 38:26) over against Judah. Continuity forward to ‘justiça’ and ‘justiça imputada’.
Generations
Approved rendering: gerações
Transliteration: toledot
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Rejected alternatives: transliteração ‘toledot’ sem glosa
Original: תּוֹלְדֹת
Category: Covenant
NEW. The recurring ‘these are the generations of…’ formula organizing the whole book (5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10; 25:12; 36:1; 37:2); God’s covenant purposes unfold across real historical family lines.
Promise
Approved rendering: promessa
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
NEW, identified as a tracked-term gap: untracked despite naming half the doctrine ‘The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise.’ Establish the fixed doctrinal phrase ‘a promessa abraâmica’ for consistent use across all lessons on this doctrine.
Moral Corruption
Approved rendering: violência / corrupção
Transliteration: chamas / shachat
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
NEW. Universal human moral corruption prior to the Flood (Gen 6:5, 6:11-13), grounding universal sinfulness prior to any covenant remedy.
Walked With God
Approved rendering: andou com Deus
Transliteration: hithalek et-ha-Elohim
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
NEW. Covenant intimacy and faithful relationship with God sustained across an entire lifetime, of Enoch (Gen 5:22,24).
Birthright
Approved rendering: primogenitura
Transliteration: bekorah
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
NEW. The covenant line and its attendant promises treated with contempt (Esau, Gen 25:29-34) or received with faith; a recurring test of whether God’s people value his promises rightly.
Burnt Offering
Approved rendering: holocausto / oferta queimada
Transliteration: olah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
NEW. Standard sacrificial vocabulary at the binding of Isaac (Gen 22), typologically anticipating substitutionary atonement; full atonement doctrine belongs to a later curriculum but a brief cross-reference note is advisable.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: médium (channeler of spirit messages)
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: no strong Genesis occurrence of the technical office, but the term underlies the doctrine of Jacob’s prophetic blessing over his sons (Gen 49).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecia
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: psicografia (spirit messages transcribed through mediums)
Original: (cf. Genesis 49, Jacob’s blessing/prophetic words over his sons)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: Jacob’s blessing over his twelve sons (Gen 49), including the Judah/Shiloh scepter promise, is God-inspired declaration, distinct from ‘psicografia’, the Kardecist practice of mediums transcribing messages purportedly from the dead.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: Jacob’s new name after wrestling with God (Gen 32:28), ‘he struggles/strives with God’ — the name commemorates a real, sometimes struggling, relationship with God from its very origin.
David
Approved rendering: Davi
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: proper name; the Davidic line is anticipated in Genesis 49:10’s Judah/Shiloh scepter promise.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: gentios
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: pagãos (pejorative)
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Genesis relevance: ‘goyim’ (nações) in Genesis 10’s Table of Nations begins to carry this theological weight once Israel exists as a distinct people from Genesis 12 onward.
Light
Approved rendering: luz
Transliteration: or
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Original: אוֹר
Category: Creation
NEW. Standard rendering; God’s first ordering word, created by divine fiat prior to the sun.
Suffering
Approved rendering: sofrimento
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: aflição ou tribulação usadas de forma inconsistente
NEW, identified as a tracked-term gap: untracked despite naming half of the doctrine. Low intrinsic ambiguity, but tracking prevents drift between ‘sofrimento,’ ‘aflição,’ and ‘tribulação’ across lessons.
Medium-High Risk Terms
Seed
Approved rendering: descendência
Transliteration: zera
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: mera linhagem biológica genérica sem peso messiânico
Original: זֶרַע
Category: Covenant
NEW, parallel to the inherited ‘seed_of_david’ (descendência de Davi). Carries covenant-promise weight from the protoevangelium (Gen 3:15) through Abraham (12:7; 15:5; 22:17-18) to Judah’s scepter (49:10). Must always be anchored to its covenant referent rather than left as a bare kinship term.
Low-Medium Risk Terms
Offering
Approved rendering: oferta
Transliteration: minchah
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
NEW. General term for offerings brought to God (Gen 4:3-5), later specialized for grain offerings in Levitical law.
Blood
Approved rendering: sangue
Transliteration: dam
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
NEW. Bloodshed carries moral and covenantal weight before God even without human witnesses (Gen 4:10).
Vow
Approved rendering: voto
Transliteration: neder
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
NEW. Jacob’s vow at Bethel (Gen 28:20-22); standard rendering.
Referenced passages