Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 2 John
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of 2 John (chapter 1, verses 1–13). Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and reused exactly as recorded; the Filipino rendering, doctrine, and risk tier for these are copied verbatim from the baseline and must not be altered. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked [NEW] and carry a recommended risk tier consistent with the baseline’s own methodology, for entry into an extended translation memory in a subsequent step.
Reused Baseline Terms
| Term (English) | Original Greek | Filipino Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Verses | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | χάρις (charis) | biyaya | High | Grace | 1:3 | [BASELINE REUSE] Reuse exactly; never frame as utang na loob |
| peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | kapayapaan | Medium | Peace with God | 1:3 | [BASELINE REUSE] Relational peace, not mere absence of conflict |
| God | θεός (theos) | Diyos | High/Critical | Deity of Christ | 1:3, 1:9 | [BASELINE REUSE] Never Bathala |
| Father | πατήρ (patēr) | Ama | High | Adoption/Sonship of Christ | 1:3, 1:4, 1:9 | [BASELINE REUSE] Distinct from Padre (priest-title) and ancestor-veneration address |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | Jesus | High/Critical | Lordship/Sonship of Christ | 1:3, 1:7 | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | Kristo | High/Critical | Messianic Promise | 1:3, 1:7, 1:9 | [BASELINE REUSE] Standard transliteration per baseline transliteration standards |
| Son of God (here: “Son of the Father”) | υἱὸς τοῦ πατρός (huios tou patros) | Anak ng Ama | High | Sonship of Christ | 1:3 | [BASELINE REUSE — concept] Doctrinally equivalent to baseline’s “Anak ng Diyos”; same eternal, unique, co-equal Sonship |
| incarnation | ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί (erchomenon en sarki) | pagkakatawang-tao | High → Critical in this curriculum | Incarnation / Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | 1:7 | [BASELINE REUSE — term]; risk elevated to Critical for 2 John specifically because denial of this doctrine is the epistle’s own definition of “the deceiver and the antichrist” — see risk elevation rationale below |
| election (adjectival “elect/chosen”) | ἐκλεκτός/ἐκλεκτή (eklektos/eklektē) | hinirang | Medium | Election (adjectival use) | 1:1, 1:13 | [BASELINE REUSE — concept] Baseline’s pagkahirang doctrine; here descriptive of a person/church, not developed soteriological election, but keep terminological continuity |
| fellowship (contrast term — see κοινωνέω note below) | κοινωνία root (κοινωνέω, koinōneō) | (see “shares in evil works” [NEW] entry) | — | Christian Fellowship (contrast) | 1:11 | [BASELINE REUSE — root awareness only] Baseline’s pagsasamahan is the POSITIVE sense of this root; 2 John 1:11 uses the same root NEGATIVELY (complicity in evil) and must use a different Filipino verb (see below) so as not to conflate with baseline’s positive fellowship term |
New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum
| Term (English) | Original Greek | Transliteration | Filipino Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Verses | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | katotohanan | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:6 | Controlling term of the epistle; must denote fixed, objective, apostolic truth about Christ, not subjective/relativized personal conviction |
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | pag-ibig | High | Walking in Truth and Love | 1:3, 1:5, 1:6 | Established Filipino Bible term (used in 1 Corinthians 13), but carries strong everyday romantic-love connotation; every occurrence needs contextual framing distinguishing covenantal, self-giving Christian love from romantic affection |
| commandment | ἐντολή | entolē | utos | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | 1:4, 1:5, 1:6 | Must be framed relationally (flowing from love) rather than as bare legalistic statute |
| walk (conduct of life) | περιπατέω | peripateō | lumakad / lumalakad | Low | Walking in Truth and Love | 1:4, 1:6 | Standard Filipino Christian idiom already in use; low ambiguity |
| elder (self-designation) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | ang matanda | Medium | (epistolary frame; general pastoral authority) | 1:1 | ”Matanda” primarily connotes elderly age in everyday Filipino; translator note needed distinguishing pastoral-office sense from mere old age and from the Catholic “presbitero”/priest title |
| lady (addressee) | κυρία | kyria | ginang | Medium | (epistolary frame) | 1:1, 1:5 | Must not be confused with κύριος/Panginoon (Lord); exegetical ambiguity (individual woman vs. personified congregation) should be flagged for lesson-writers |
| children (of the addressee/congregation) | τέκνα | tekna | mga anak | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | 1:1, 1:4, 1:13 | Could be read as strictly biological rather than corporate/discipleship sense; translator note recommended |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | kaawaan | Medium | (epistolary frame; grace/mercy/peace triad) | 1:3 | New term for this Language Package; comparatively low syncretism risk but should be distinguished from mere human sentimentality |
| deceiver(s) | πλάνος / πλάνοι | planos / planoi | mandaraya / mapanlinlang | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | 1:7 | Must be framed as active deniers of the church’s core confession about Christ, not “bad people” generically |
| world (moral-spiritual system) | κόσμος | kosmos | sanlibutan | Medium | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | 1:7 | Must convey the moral-spiritual system opposed to God, not merely the physical planet |
| confess / acknowledge | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | ipahayag | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | 1:7 | Never render as kumpisal (sacramental confession to a priest); must convey public, verbal doctrinal affirmation |
| antichrist | ἀντίχριστος | antichristos | antikristo | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | 1:7 | Established transliteration, but Filipino pop-culture usage can narrow it to a single future end-times tyrant-figure; teaching note needed to restore John’s present-tense, doctrinal-denial category |
| flesh (of Christ’s real humanity) | σάρξ | sarx | laman | Medium | Incarnation | 1:7 | Must convey real, historical human nature, avoiding any negative “sinful nature” connotation attached elsewhere to this word |
| reward | μισθός | misthos | gantimpala | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | 1:8 | Reward for faithful perseverance, distinct from justification/salvation itself; must not be read through a merit-earns-salvation lens |
| go beyond / go ahead (of sound teaching) | προάγω | proagō | lumalampas (sa aral) | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | 1:9 | Names the false teacher’s claim to spiritual “advancement” or additional revelation beyond Christ’s teaching; relevant where groups claim supplementary revelation or additional prophets |
| abide / remain | μένω | menō | manatili | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | 1:9 | Central perseverance term; must convey ongoing, continuous abiding, not a one-time past decision |
| teaching/doctrine of Christ | διδαχὴ τοῦ Χριστοῦ | didachē tou Christou | aral ni Kristo | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | 1:9, 1:10 | Must be kept distinct from “aral ng Simbahan/Iglesia” (church/magisterial tradition), per baseline’s inspiration-of-Scripture concern |
| receive into the house (hospitality) | λαμβάνετε εἰς οἰκίαν | lambanete eis oikian | tanggapin sa tahanan | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | 1:10 | Significant cultural-collision risk: Filipino hospitality norms (pagpapatuloy, pakikisama) make refusing hospitality feel deeply offensive absent explanation; command is narrowly scoped to an active false teacher, not general license for inhospitality |
| greeting formula (“hail”/“rejoice”) | χαίρειν | chairein | pagbati / (huwag) batiin | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | 1:10, 1:11 | Withholding this formula is a strong act of non-endorsement in an honor-shame culture; must be taught alongside the hospitality note to avoid misapplication as generalized coldness |
| shares in / participates in (evil works) | κοινωνεῖ (κοινωνέω, negative sense) | koinōnei (koinōneō) | nakikibahagi | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | 1:11 | Same root as baseline’s positive pagsasamahan (fellowship/koinōnia), used here negatively for complicity in another’s evil works; translator note required to prevent confusion between the two senses |
| evil works | ἔργα πονηρά | erga ponēra | masasamang gawa | Low | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | 1:11 | Standard vocabulary |
| from the beginning (apostolic origin) | ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς | ap’ archēs | mula sa pasimula | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | 1:5, 1:6 | Ties apostolic teaching’s origin to Christ himself, not later ecclesial tradition; relevant to inspiration-of-Scripture doctrine concerns |
| forever / into the age | εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα | eis ton aiōna | magpakailanman | Low | Walking in Truth and Love (permanence of truth) | 1:2 | Standard eschatological term |
| face to face | στόμα πρὸς στόμα | stoma pros stoma | mukhaan / harapan | Low | (epistolary frame) | 1:12 | Standard idiom |
| joy fulfilled | χαρὰ πεπληρωμένη | chara peplērōmenē | ganap na kagalakan | Low | (epistolary frame) | 1:12 | Standard vocabulary |
| know (the truth) | γινώσκω (ἐγνωκότες) | ginōskō (egnōkotes) | nakaalam / nakakikilala | Low | Walking in Truth and Love | 1:1 | Standard verb |
| sister (church-family term) | ἀδελφή | adelphē | kapatid na babae | Low | (epistolary frame) | 1:13 | Possible metaphorical referent (sister congregation); low ambiguity |
| lose / forfeit | ἀπόλλυμι | apollymi | mawala | Low | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | 1:8 | Standard verb |
| watch / take heed | βλέπω | blepō | mag-ingat / ingatan | Low | Doctrinal Discernment | 1:8 | Standard exhortation |
Risk Elevation Note: Incarnation in 2 John
The baseline bible_term_registry.json and doctrine_risk_registry.json assign Incarnation a High risk tier for Romans, where the doctrine is affirmed positively (Rom 1:3, 8:3). In 2 John 1:7, the same doctrine functions as a confessional boundary marker: denial of “Jesus Christ coming in the flesh” is what defines someone as “the deceiver and the antichrist.” Because the doctrinal stakes in this specific curriculum are the identification test for false teaching itself, this Language Package extension recommends treating every 2 John 1:7 occurrence as Critical risk, routed to mandatory human theologian review — consistent with, and not contradictory to, the baseline’s own Critical-risk methodology (cf. baseline’s treatment of salvation, resurrection, lord, son_of_god, messiah).
Risk Summary for 2 John
| Risk Tier | Count | Terms |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 1 | incarnation (2 John 1:7, elevated) |
| High | 9 | love, deceiver(s), confess/acknowledge, antichrist, go beyond (προάγω), teaching of Christ, receive into the house, greeting formula, [reused: God/Jesus/Christ/Son of the Father/grace at their baseline tiers] |
| Medium | 15 | truth, commandment, elder, lady, children, mercy, world, flesh, reward, abide/remain, from the beginning, election (adjectival), shares in evil works, peace [baseline], Father [baseline] |
| Low | 9 | walk, evil works, forever, face to face, joy fulfilled, know, sister, lose/forfeit, watch/take heed |
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 translation of 2 John. New terms marked [NEW] above require formal entry into an extended translation memory (with version increment) before segment translation begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Incarnation
Approved rendering: pagkakatawang-tao
Transliteration: pagkakatawang-tao
Doctrine: Incarnation / Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί (2 John 1:7); cf. ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (John 1:14)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (rendering reused exactly), where it carries High risk due to Santo Niño image-devotion localization. RISK ELEVATED TO CRITICAL for this curriculum: 2 John 1:7 uses denial of this exact clause (‘Jesus Christ coming in the flesh,’ si Jesu-Kristo na nagkatawang-tao/naparito sa laman) as the epistle’s own defining test for ‘the deceiver and the antichrist.’ Every occurrence requires a teaching note affirming the real, historical, bodily humanity of the eternal Son — not devotional attachment to a particular image, and not a merely apparent (Docetic-style) humanity. Route to human theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Antichrist
Approved rendering: antikristo
Transliteration: antikristo
Doctrine: The Antichrist as Present Doctrinal Category
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
Established transliteration, but Filipino popular culture (film, sensational preaching, urban legend) narrows this term to a single future end-times tyrant-figure. A teaching note is required at every occurrence to restore John’s present-tense, doctrinal-denial category: anyone denying the incarnation now embodies this category, not only a future individual.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristo
Transliteration: Kristo
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / Sonship of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Established per the baseline’s transliteration standard (‘Christ = Kristo’), though not previously a standalone translation_memory key in the Romans baseline; formally entered here as its own term because 2 John uses ‘Christ’ both within the proper name ‘Jesus Christ’ (1:3, 1:7) and as shorthand for his authoritative teaching (‘aral ni Kristo,’ 1:9-10). Distinct from the baseline’s doctrinal term messiah (Mesiyas), which is reserved for contexts drawing out Old Testament fulfillment; here Christ functions primarily as proper name and confessional shorthand.
Confess
Approved rendering: ipahayag
Transliteration: ipahayag
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: kumpisal, sumasang-ayon
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: False Teaching
Never render as ‘kumpisal,’ the entrenched Catholic sacramental term for confessing personal sin to a priest. Never weaken to ‘sumasang-ayon’ (agrees with), which loses the sense of a formal, public, verbal doctrinal affirmation. ‘Ipahayag’ preserves 1:7’s force as a public test of orthodoxy regarding Christ’s incarnation, not private opinion or sacramental practice.
Deceivers
Approved rendering: mga mapanlinlang
Transliteration: mga mapanlinlang
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: masamang tao (generic ‘bad people’)
Original: πλάνοι (πλάνος)
Category: False Teaching
Must be framed as active deniers of the church’s core confession about Christ’s incarnation (1:7), not merely ‘bad people’ generically. Central to the doctrine of hospitality and doctrinal discernment; used substantivally as a class/title, not a passing insult.
Father
Approved rendering: Ama
Transliteration: Ama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family / Sonship of Christ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Keep distinct from Padre (the Catholic priest-title) and from petitions directed toward deceased relatives in folk ancestor veneration. In 2 John 1:3 and 1:9, God as Father is presented as joint, co-equal source of grace/mercy/peace together with the Son, and as the relationship secured only through fidelity to the Son’s teaching.
Go Beyond
Approved rendering: lumalampas (sa aral)
Transliteration: lumalampas (sa aral)
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: umuunlad
Original: προάγων (προάγω)
Category: Perseverance
Never render with ‘umuunlad’ (progresses/advances), which in isolation carries a positive connotation of spiritual growth — the opposite of the intended warning. Always anchor as the fixed phrase ‘lumalampas sa aral ni Kristo’ (goes beyond the teaching of Christ), naming the false teacher’s claim to spiritual advancement or additional revelation beyond Christ’s own teaching (1:9).
God
Approved rendering: Diyos
Transliteration: Diyos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Bathala
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never use Bathala, the pre-colonial Tagalog supreme-being concept. In 2 John 1:9, the statement that one who goes beyond Christ’s teaching ‘does not have God’ (walang Diyos) is a severe exclusivity claim; its full doctrinal weight must be preserved without softening for sincerely religious but doctrinally departed readers.
Grace
Approved rendering: biyaya
Transliteration: biyaya
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: utang na loob
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly from baseline translation_memory.json. Never frame grace as utang na loob, the Filipino social value of a reciprocal debt of gratitude; grace creates no debt to repay. Appears in 2 John 1:3’s distinctively Johannine grace-mercy-peace greeting.
Greeting Formula
Approved rendering: batiin (huwag batiin)
Transliteration: batiin (huwag batiin)
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: χαίρειν
Category: Hospitality
Withholding even this ordinary greeting is a strong, deliberate act of non-endorsement in an honor-shame culture. Must be taught alongside the hospitality note above so it is not misapplied as generalized coldness toward outsiders or the theologically mistaken in ordinary life.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Established Filipino Protestant Bible spelling. Appears in 2 John 1:3 and 1:7 as part of the compound proper name ‘Jesus Christ.‘
Love
Approved rendering: pag-ibig
Transliteration: pag-ibig
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Truth and Love
Established Filipino Bible term for agapē (used famously in 1 Corinthians 13), but carries a dominant everyday romantic-love connotation in Filipino songs, teleseryes, and courtship culture. Because 2 John 1:6 defines love AS obedience to Christ’s commandments, every occurrence needs contextual framing distinguishing covenantal, self-giving Christian love from romantic affection, or the doctrine risks being reduced to sentimental warmth detached from obedience.
Receive Into House
Approved rendering: tanggapin sa tahanan
Transliteration: tanggapin sa tahanan
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: λαμβάνετε εἰς οἰκίαν
Category: Hospitality
Significant cultural-collision risk: Filipino pagpapatuloy ng panauhin (hospitality), pakikisama (social harmony), and utang na loob reciprocity norms make refusing hospitality feel deeply culturally offensive absent explanation. Must be taught as narrowly scoped to an itinerant teacher actively denying the incarnation (1:7), never as general license for inhospitality toward strangers, the poor, or fellow believers in disputable matters.
Son Of The Father
Approved rendering: Anak ng Ama
Transliteration: Anak ng Ama
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ (as ‘Son of the Father’)
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ πατρός
Category: Christology
Textually equivalent to the baseline’s son_of_god doctrine (Anak ng Diyos, High risk there) — the identical eternal, unique, co-equal Sonship, expressed here as ‘Son of the Father’ (1:3) rather than ‘Son of God.’ Lesson-writers must treat the two phrases as naming one doctrine, not two, and must never adopt the Tagalog New World Translation’s (Jehovah’s Witnesses) phrasing, which denies Christ’s co-equal, eternal deity.
Teaching Of Christ
Approved rendering: aral ni Kristo
Transliteration: aral ni Kristo
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ / Inspiration and Apostolic Origin of the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: aral ng Simbahan, aral ng Iglesia
Original: διδαχὴ τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Perseverance
Must be kept distinct from ‘aral ng Simbahan/Iglesia’ (institutional church or magisterial tradition) and from any later ‘final messenger’ or supplementary-revelation claim (e.g., teaching frameworks built around a living prophet or founder-messenger active in the Philippine religious landscape). This is Christ’s own, complete, closed teaching transmitted by the apostles ‘from the beginning’ (1:5-6, 1:9-10), not evolving ecclesial tradition or a later authoritative supplement.
Medium Risk Terms
Abide
Approved rendering: manatili
Transliteration: manatili
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: μένω
Category: Perseverance
Central perseverance term; must convey ongoing, continuous abiding (present tense in Greek), not a one-time past decision.
Children
Approved rendering: mga anak
Transliteration: mga anak
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: τέκνα
Category: Church
Could be read as strictly biological offspring rather than the corporate/discipleship sense (members of a congregation under an elder’s pastoral care). A translator note distinguishing the two senses is recommended, especially at 1:4 and 1:13.
Commandment
Approved rendering: utos
Transliteration: utos
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Truth and Love
Must be framed relationally as flowing from love (vv.5-6), not as a bare legalistic statute, to avoid a ritual/legalistic distortion of the term.
Elder
Approved rendering: ang matanda
Transliteration: ang matanda
Doctrine: Apostolic Pastoral Authority
Rejected alternatives: presbitero
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
‘Matanda’ primarily connotes elderly age in everyday Filipino; risk of readers missing the pastoral-office/authorial-authority sense. Must be distinguished from mere old age and from the Catholic clerical title ‘presbitero’ (priest). The elder’s entreating, not decreeing, tone (v.5, ‘nakikiusap’) models loving, non-hierarchical spiritual authority.
Elect Chosen
Approved rendering: hinirang
Transliteration: hinirang
Doctrine: Election and Calling (Adjectival ‘Elect/Chosen’)
Rejected alternatives: swerte, kapalaran
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλεκτή
Category: Salvation
Doctrinally continuous with the baseline’s pagkahirang (election) doctrine, but rendered with the adjectival participle ‘hinirang’ since 2 John uses eklektos adjectivally of a person/congregation (1:1, 1:13) rather than developing soteriological election as its own doctrine. Must retain God’s sovereign choosing sense, never sliding into swerte/kapalaran (luck/fate), the folk-fatalistic framing the baseline already guards against.
Flesh
Approved rendering: laman
Transliteration: laman
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: σάρξ
Category: Christology
Must convey real, historical human nature, affirming the genuineness of Christ’s humanity in 1:7. Avoid any negative ‘sinful nature’ connotation this word carries elsewhere in Pauline usage (cf. baseline Romans 8 treatment).
From The Beginning
Approved rendering: mula sa pasimula
Transliteration: mula sa pasimula
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς
Category: Covenant
Anchors the love-command (1:5-6) and the teaching of Christ (1:9-10) in the historic, apostolic Jesus-tradition, not evolving religious sentiment or later ecclesial development. Ties to the baseline’s inspiration-of-Scripture doctrine concern.
Lady
Approved rendering: ginang
Transliteration: ginang
Doctrine: Apostolic Pastoral Authority
Original: κυρία
Category: Church
Must not be confused with kyrios/Panginoon (Lord); an ordinary feminine honorific carrying no divine-title association whatsoever. Exegetical ambiguity (individual woman vs. personified congregation) should be flagged for lesson-writers, not resolved silently in the translation.
Mercy
Approved rendering: kaawaan
Transliteration: kaawaan
Doctrine: Trinitarian Grace, Mercy, and Peace Greeting
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
New term for this Language Package. Comparatively low syncretism risk, but should be distinguished from mere human sentimentality or pity and understood as compassionate, covenantal kindness flowing from a personal God. Completes the distinctively Johannine grace-mercy-peace triad in 1:3 (contrast Paul’s usual grace-and-peace pairing in Romans).
Peace
Approved rendering: kapayapaan
Transliteration: kapayapaan
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relational, covenantal peace with God, not merely the absence of conflict. Appears in 2 John 1:3’s grace-mercy-peace greeting.
Reward
Approved rendering: ganap na gantimpala
Transliteration: ganap na gantimpala
Doctrine: Reward for Faithful Perseverance
Original: μισθὸν πλήρη
Category: Perseverance
A full wage/reward for faithful perseverance in the apostolic labor already invested (1:8), distinct from salvation itself. Must not be read through a merit-earns-salvation lens; keep clearly distinct from the baseline’s kaligtasan (salvation) and katuwirang ibinilang (imputed righteousness), which are received by faith, not earned by endurance.
Shares In Evil
Approved rendering: nakikibahagi
Transliteration: nakikibahagi
Doctrine: Complicity in False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: pagsasamahan
Original: κοινωνεῖ (κοινωνέω)
Category: Hospitality
Uses the same koinōneō root as the baseline’s positive pagsasamahan (fellowship, shared participation in Christ), but here negatively, for complicity in another’s evil works through endorsement (1:11). Never use pagsasamahan for this negative sense; a translator/teacher note is required to prevent confusion between the two senses of the same root family.
Truth
Approved rendering: katotohanan
Transliteration: katotohanan
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Truth and Love
Controlling term of the whole epistle (used 5x in vv.1-4). Must denote fixed, objective, apostolic truth about Christ, not a relativized ‘personal truth’ framing increasingly common in Filipino pop-spirituality and pluralistic discourse (‘sa akin, ganito ang totoo’).
World
Approved rendering: sanlibutan
Transliteration: sanlibutan
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: mundo
Original: κόσμος
Category: False Teaching
Must convey the moral-spiritual system organized in opposition to God, not merely the physical planet (‘mundo,’ which risks a flat, physical-geography-only reading). The deceivers’ going out ‘into the world’ (1:7) mirrors the true gospel’s own missionary spread as a counter-mission.
Low Risk Terms
Evil Works
Approved rendering: masasamang gawa
Transliteration: masasamang gawa
Doctrine: Complicity in False Teaching
Original: ἔργοις…πονηροῖς
Category: Sin
Standard vocabulary; the concrete outworking of denying the incarnation (1:7) and departing from Christ’s teaching (1:9).
Face To Face
Approved rendering: harapan
Transliteration: harapan
Doctrine: Epistolary Frame (Relational Warmth)
Original: στόμα πρὸς στόμα
Category: Church
Standard idiom for direct, personal presence and speech (1:12), preferred by the elder over written correspondence; reflects the letter’s overall relational, pastoral warmth despite its severe warnings.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: pagsasamahan
Transliteration: pagsasamahan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship (contrast reference only)
Inherited from Romans package, included here for contrast reference only. This is the POSITIVE sense of the koinōneō root. 2 John 1:11 uses the same Greek root NEGATIVELY for complicity in evil works (see ‘shares_in_evil’ entry below) and must use a different Filipino verb (nakikibahagi), never pagsasamahan, so the two senses are never conflated in teaching materials.
Forever
Approved rendering: magpakailanman
Transliteration: magpakailanman
Doctrine: Permanence of Truth
Original: εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
Category: Eschatology
Standard eschatological term; truth’s abiding is permanent and unending (1:2), foreshadowing the perseverance (‘abiding’) theme developed later in the letter.
Joy Fulfilled
Approved rendering: ganap na kagalakan
Transliteration: ganap na kagalakan
Doctrine: Epistolary Frame (Relational Warmth)
Original: χαρὰ πεπληρωμένη
Category: Faith
Standard vocabulary; Christian joy is relationally completed in the fellowship of truth-walking believers (1:12), not merely private religious feeling.
Know
Approved rendering: nakakikilala
Transliteration: nakakikilala
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἐγνωκότες (γινώσκω)
Category: Faith
Standard verb; knowledge of truth is communal (1:1), shared by ‘all who have known the truth,’ not the elder’s private possession.
Lose
Approved rendering: mawala
Transliteration: mawala
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: ἀπολέσητε (ἀπόλλυμι)
Category: Perseverance
The danger in view (1:8) is forfeiting the fruit of apostolic labor through doctrinal compromise, not losing personal salvation through works-failure.
Sister
Approved rendering: kapatid na babae
Transliteration: kapatid na babae
Doctrine: Epistolary Frame
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Church
Possible metaphorical referent to a sister congregation if ‘Kyria’ personifies a church (1:13); low ambiguity risk either way.
Walk
Approved rendering: lumakad / lumalakad
Transliteration: lumakad / lumalakad
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Truth and Love
Standard idiom already used in Filipino Christian speech (‘lumakad sa Espiritu’). Conveys a lived, continuous pattern of conduct, not a one-time decision.
Watch
Approved rendering: mag-ingat
Transliteration: mag-ingat
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: βλέπετε
Category: Perseverance
Urgent imperative call to vigilance against the deceivers described in 1:7 (1:8); standard exhortation vocabulary.
Referenced passages