Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Hebrews (English–Filipino)
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence), High (human theologian review), Medium (native speaker review), Low (automated review sufficient).
A. Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| Term | Filipino Rendering | Risk (baseline) | Hebrews Occurrence(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | pananampalataya | Medium | 4:2; 6:1,12; 10:22,38-39; 11:1-40 (ch.-defining); 12:2; 13:7 | Reused exactly; ch. 11 gives it its programmatic definition. |
| grace | biyaya | High | 2:9; 4:16; 10:29; 12:15,28; 13:9,25 | Reused exactly; “throne of grace” (4:16) is a key direct-access passage. |
| covenant | tipan | High | 7:22; 8:6-13; 9:4,15-20; 10:16,29; 12:24; 13:20 | Reused exactly; distinguish contextually from “Bagong Tipan” as the name of the NT canon. |
| sin | kasalanan | Medium | throughout, esp. 2:17; 3:13; 9:26,28; 10:2-4,26; 12:1,4; 13:11 | Reused exactly. |
| holy / holy places | banal / (mga) banal na dako | Medium | 2:11; 3:1; 9:2-3,8,12,24-25; 10:19; 13:12 | Reused exactly for “holy”; “holy places” is a compound built on the same root. |
| saints | mga banal | Critical | 6:10; 13:24 | Reused exactly; retain baseline’s mandatory teaching note distinguishing every believer from a canonized elite class. |
| sanctification / sanctify | pagpapabanal / pinabanal / ginawang banal | Medium/High | 2:11; 9:13; 10:10,14,29; 13:12 | Reused exactly. |
| adoption / sons | pag-ampon / mga anak | Medium | 2:10-13; 12:5-8 | Reused exactly; ch. 12’s discipline passage extends the baseline’s adoption doctrine. |
| resurrection | pagkabuhay na mag-uli | Medium | 6:2; 11:19,35; 13:20 | Reused exactly. |
| lord | Panginoon | High | 1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 13:20 | Reused exactly. |
| son of God | Anak ng Diyos | High | 1:2,5,8; 4:14; 5:5,8; 6:6; 7:3,28 | Reused exactly. |
| glory | kaluwalhatian | High | 1:3; 2:7,9-10; 3:3; 9:5; 13:21 | Reused exactly. |
| law | kautusan | Medium | 7:5,12,16,19,28; 8:4,10; 9:19,22; 10:1,8,16,28 | Reused exactly. |
| church (assembly) | iglesia | Medium | 2:12; 12:23 | Reused exactly (as “assembly of the firstborn”); distinguish from simbahan per baseline convention. |
| kingdom of God | Kaharian (ng Diyos) | Medium | 1:8; 12:28 | Reused exactly. |
| gospel-adjacent proclamation | Mabuting Balita (concept, not a distinct lexeme in Hebrews) | Medium | 4:2,6 (εὐαγγελίζω cognate) | Reused exactly where the good-news-proclamation concept surfaces. |
| called / calling | tinawag / pagkatawag | Medium/High | 3:1; 5:4; 9:15; 11:8 | Reused exactly. |
| election-adjacent: chosen/appointed | pagkahirang (concept, applied to priestly appointment) | Medium | 5:1,4 | Reused exactly where applicable to divine appointment. |
| intercession-adjacent | pamamagitan (concept, distinguished from mediator — see Section B) | Critical | 7:25 (ἐντυγχάνειν) | Reused exactly; retain baseline’s mandatory teaching note that Christ’s intercession is unique and sufficient. |
| Jesus / Christ | Jesus / Kristo | Critical/High | throughout | Reused exactly; “Kristo” per baseline transliteration standard for “Christ.” |
| God | Diyos | Critical | throughout | Reused exactly. |
| Holy Spirit | Espiritu Santo | Critical | 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8,14; 10:15,29 | Reused exactly. |
| Father | Ama | High | 1:5; 12:7,9 | Reused exactly. |
| David | David | Low/Medium | 4:7; 11:32 | Reused exactly. |
| Israel | Israel | Medium | 8:8,10; 11:22 | Reused exactly. |
| Moses | Moises | Medium | 3:2-16; 7:14; 8:5; 9:19; 10:28; 11:23-24; 12:21 | Reused per baseline transliteration standards table. |
| Abraham | Abraham | Low | 2:16; 6:13; 7:1-9; 11:8-17 | Reused per baseline transliteration standard. |
| gentiles-adjacent: nations | mga bansa (context-dependent; Hentil not directly at issue in Hebrews) | Medium | not a major term in Hebrews | Included for cross-document consistency awareness only. |
B. New Terms Introduced by Hebrews (Not in Baseline Romans Translation Memory)
| Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Filipino Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | First Occurrence(s) | Rationale / Cultural Collision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| high priest | ἀρχιερεύς | archiereus | punong pari | Critical | Christ as the Great High Priest | 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25 | Central Christological title of the book. Filipino Catholic tradition has an active, ongoing ordained priesthood (mga pari) performing sacramental mediation; every occurrence needs a teaching note that Christ’s high priesthood is singular, heavenly, permanent, and requires no human successor or ongoing sacramental re-enactment. |
| priesthood | ἱερωσύνη | hierōsynē | pagkapari | High | Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood | 7:11-24 | Direct collision with the Filipino Catholic concept of an ongoing, transferable priestly office; must convey a change of priesthood order, non-transferable to human successors. |
| mediator | μεσίτης | mesitēs | tagapamagitan | Critical | New Covenant; Christ as sole Mediator | 8:6; 9:15; 12:24 | Direct collision with “pamamagitan ng mga santo” (intercession of the saints/Mary as go-between). Every occurrence requires a teaching note: Christ alone establishes and guarantees the new covenant; this is not one intercessory relationship among several. |
| blood (of Christ) | αἷμα (Χριστοῦ) | haima (Christou) | dugo (ni Kristo) | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:12-14,18-22,25; 10:19,29; 12:24; 13:11-12,20 | Must be anchored to a historical, completed, unrepeatable shedding of blood; collision with a Mass-as-repeated-sacrifice framing requires a mandatory teaching note at every Critical-context occurrence. |
| once for all | ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ | hapax / ephapax | minsanan / sa isang pagkakataon lamang | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:12,26,27,28; 10:2,10; (cf. 6:4; 9:7 πολλάκις as contrast) | The book’s hinge doctrinal term; must be rendered identically at every occurrence and reinforced with a mandatory teaching note distinguishing it from any repeated-offering framework, directly engaging the Filipino Catholic Mass-as-sacrifice doctrine. |
| redemption | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις | lytrōsis / apolytrōsis | katubusan / ganap na pagtubos | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:12,15 | A purchased, completed deliverance with permanent legal effect; must not be reduced to a process requiring supplementation through ongoing ritual. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | budhi / kunsensya | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18 | Christ’s blood cleanses the conscience once, inwardly; must be distinguished from a sacramental-confession framework requiring periodic renewal. |
| tabernacle | σκηνή | skēnē | tolda / tabernakulo (with clarifying note) | High | Christ as the Great High Priest; Old Covenant typology | 8:2,5; 9:2-3,6,8,11,21; 13:10 | ”Tabernakulo” collides with the Filipino Catholic term for the Eucharistic reservation box; requires a clarifying teaching note anchoring the word to the OT/heavenly tent, not Eucharistic reservation. |
| veil / curtain | καταπέτασμα | katapetasma | tabing | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 6:19; 9:3; 10:20 | Symbol of the barrier now removed via Christ’s flesh; standard once explained typologically. |
| perfect / made perfect / perfection | τελειόω / τελείωσις | teleioō / teleiōsis | ginawang sakdal / pagpapasakdal | High | Christ as the Great High Priest; The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 2:10; 5:9,14; 7:11,19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23 | Must be distinguished from sinless moral perfectionism; conveys being brought to completeness/qualification, parallel in doctrinal weight to justification/imputed righteousness. |
| propitiation / atoning sacrifice | ἱλάσκεσθαι | hilaskesthai | pambayad-sala / pagtubos sa kasalanan | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 2:17 | Must convey God’s own initiative in dealing decisively with sin through Christ, not a human-appeasement ritual requiring repetition. |
| rest | κατάπαυσις / σαββατισμός | katapausis / sabbatismos | kapahingahan / pagpapahingang-Sabbath | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 3:11,18; 4:1-11 | A theological rest in Christ, not literal Sabbath-day observance. |
| confession | ὁμολογία | homologia | pagpapahayag (ng pananampalataya) | Medium/High | Christ as the Great High Priest; Perseverance and Assurance | 3:1; 4:14; 10:23 | Must be distinguished from “kumpisal” (the sacrament of Confession/Penance); this is public profession of faith. |
| repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | pagsisisi | High | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 6:1,6; 12:17 | Must be distinguished from sacramental absolution obtained through ritual confession; conveys genuine inward turning. |
| falling away / apostasy | παραπίπτω | parapiptō | tumalikod / humiwalay sa pananampalataya | High | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 6:6; (cf. 3:12; 10:26,29; 12:25 related vocabulary) | Central warning-passage term; requires careful framing alongside Perseverance and Assurance doctrine. |
| willful sin | ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω | hekousiōs hamartanō | sinasadyang pagkakasala | High | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 10:26 | Deliberate continuation in sin after knowledge of the truth; must not trivialize all post-conversion sin nor undermine assurance doctrine. |
| oath | ὅρκος | horkos | sumpa / panunumpa | Medium | Faith of the Old Testament Saints; New Covenant | 6:16-17; 7:20-21 | God’s self-guaranteed pledge; standard. |
| promise | ἐπαγγελία | epangelia | pangako | Medium | New Covenant; Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 4:1; 6:12-17; 8:6; 9:15; 10:36; 11:9,13,17,33,39 | Formally pledged assurance; standard, recurring across multiple doctrines. |
| inheritance | κληρονομία | klēronomia | mana | Medium | New Covenant; Adoption (baseline-adjacent) | 1:2,4; 9:15; 11:7-8 | Possession received by right of sonship; ties to baseline’s adoption doctrine. |
| heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | tagapagmana | Medium | Superiority of Christ over Angels | 1:2,14; 6:17; 11:7 | Standard, low collision. |
| angel(s) | ἄγγελος | angelos | anghel | High | Superiority of Christ over Angels | 1:4-13; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 12:22; 13:2 | Widespread Filipino devotion to guardian angels and angelic intercession risks elevating angels devotionally alongside or above Christ; teaching must keep Christ’s superiority central. |
| Melchizedek | Μελχισέδεκ | Melchisedek | Melquisedec | Medium | Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood | 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17 | Proper name; unfamiliar OT figure requiring background teaching; low direct cultural-collision risk. |
| tithe | δεκάτη | dekatē | ikapu | Low/Medium | Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood | 7:2,4-9 | Already a familiar practice in Filipino church life; low doctrinal risk. |
| better / superior (recurring comparative) | κρείττων | kreittōn | mas mabuti / nakahihigit | Medium | Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood | 1:4; 7:7,19,22; 8:6; 9:23; 10:34; 11:16,35,40; 12:24 | Recurring comparative term structuring the whole book’s argument; render consistently across all occurrences. |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | Bagong Tipan | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 8:8,13; 9:15; 12:24 | Distinguish contextually from “Bagong Tipan” as the name of the NT canon; here it names the covenant-relationship. |
| testament (legal-will sense of διαθήκη) | διαθήκη | diathēkē | tipan (with explanatory teaching note on the will/testament wordplay) | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 9:16-17 | Greek wordplay (covenant/will) does not transfer naturally into “tipan”; requires an explanatory note rather than a literal lexical solution. |
| surety / guarantee | ἔγγυος | engyos | tagapanagot / kasiguruhan | Medium | New Covenant; Christ as the Great High Priest | 7:22 | Reinforces the mediator doctrine; standard once explained. |
| shadow / copy / true things | σκιά / ὑπόδειγμα / ἀντίτυπον / ἀληθινός | skia / hypodeigma / antitypon / alēthinos | anino / huwaran / kopya / tunay | Medium | New Covenant versus the Old; Christ as the Great High Priest | 8:5; 9:23-24; 10:1 | Type-antitype vocabulary structuring the whole book’s argument; low direct cultural collision once explained. |
| dead works | νεκρὰ ἔργα | nekra erga | mga gawang patay | Low | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 6:1; 9:14 | Standard metaphor once explained. |
| serve (cultic worship) | λατρεύω | latreuō | maglingkod / sumamba | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God | 8:5; 9:9,14; 10:2; 12:28; 13:10 | Priestly/liturgical service rendered to God; standard vocabulary. |
| inauguration | ἐγκαινίζω | egkainizō | pagsisimula / pag-inagurahan | Medium | New Covenant versus the Old | 9:18; 10:20 | Standard, low ambiguity. |
| shedding of blood | αἱματεκχυσία | haimatekchysia | pagdanak ng dugo | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:22 | Standard, vivid, low ambiguity. |
| forgiveness / remission | ἄφεσις | aphesis | kapatawaran | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:22; 10:18 | Must be anchored to Christ’s finished sacrifice, not a sacramentally-dispensed and periodically-renewed forgiveness. |
| foundation of the world / end of the ages | καταβολὴ κόσμου / συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων | katabolē kosmou / synteleia tōn aiōnōn | pasimula ng daigdig / katapusan ng mga kapanahunan | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:26 | Standard eschatological-historical framing vocabulary. |
| putting away / annulment (of sin) | ἀθέτησις | athetēsis | pag-aalis / pagpawi (ng kasalanan) | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:26 | Sin decisively cancelled, not incrementally managed. |
| offer (sacrificially) | προσφέρω | prospherō | maghandog / ihandog | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 5:1,3; 8:3-4; 9:7,9,14,25,28; 10:1-12; 11:4,17 | Must never imply Christ offers Himself repeatedly; 9:25 explicitly negates this, making the term a direct doctrinal check against a Mass-as-repeated-offering framing. |
| judgment | κρίσις | krisis | paghuhukom | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Warning Passages | 9:27; 10:27 | Standard, low ambiguity. |
| second time (of Christ’s return) | ἐκ δευτέρου | ek deuterou | sa pangalawang pagkakataon | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance (eschatological hope) | 9:28 | Anchors Second-Coming doctrine; standard. |
| eagerly await | ἀπεκδέχομαι | apekdechomai | buong pag-asang naghihintay | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 9:28 | Standard devotional-expectation vocabulary. |
| living and active (word) | ζῶν καὶ ἐνεργής | zōn kai energēs | buhay at gumagana | Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest (context: 4:12-13) | 4:12 | Standard, vivid. |
| throne of grace | θρόνος τῆς χάριτος | thronos tēs charitos | trono ng biyaya | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 4:16 | First appearance of the direct-access theme; must convey unmediated boldness of approach. |
| confidence / boldness | παρρησία | parrēsia | pagtitiwala / lakas ng loob | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35 | Unmediated, confident access; undercuts any felt need for a human/saintly intermediary. |
| draw near / access | προσέρχομαι | proserchomai | lumapit / dumulog | Critical | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 4:16; 7:25; 10:1,22; 11:6; 12:18,22 | The operative verb of the curriculum’s access doctrine; must convey unmediated, confident approach. |
| full assurance | πληροφορία | plērophoria | lubos na katiyakan | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 6:11; 10:22 | Ties directly to assurance-of-salvation doctrine weight established in baseline. |
| endurance / perseverance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | pagtitiis / pagpapatuloy sa pananampalataya | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 10:36; 12:1-3,7 | Central to the curriculum’s Perseverance doctrine; must be balanced against the warning passages. |
| assurance / substance (of faith) | ὑπόστασις | hypostasis | katiyakan / saligan | High | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 11:1 | Faith’s programmatic definition; a real ground/substance, not mere subjective feeling. |
| conviction / evidence | ἔλεγχος | elegchos | patunay / katunayan | Medium | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 11:1 | Standard once paired with ὑπόστασις. |
| strangers and exiles | ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι | xenoi kai parepidēmoi | mga dayuhan at manlalakbay | Low | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 11:13 | Vivid, standard metaphor. |
| reward | μισθαποδοσία | misthapodosia | gantimpala | Low/Medium | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 10:35; 11:6,26 | Must not be framed as merit earning salvation; God’s gracious response to faith. |
| cloud of witnesses | νέφος μαρτύρων | nephos martyrōn | ulap ng mga saksi | High | Faith of the Old Testament Saints; Perseverance and Assurance | 12:1 | Collides with the folk-Catholic “communion of saints” concept of deceased saints watching over/interceding for the living; these witnesses are examples to imitate, not active intercessors. |
| discipline / training | παιδεία | paideia | pagdisiplina / pagsasanay | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 12:5-11 | Loving fatherly formation, not arbitrary punishment; ties to baseline adoption doctrine. |
| Mount Sinai / Mount Zion | Σινᾶ / Σιών | Sina / Siōn | Bundok Sinai / Bundok Sion | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 12:18-22 | Proper names contrasting old and new covenant access; requires background teaching. |
| unshakeable kingdom | βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος | basileia asaleutos | Kaharian na hindi matitinag | Medium | New Covenant versus the Old | 12:28 | Ties to baseline Kingdom of God doctrine; permanence contrast. |
| consuming fire | πῦρ καταναλίσκον | pyr katanaliskon | apoy na tumutupok | Medium | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 12:29 | Standard theophanic warning imagery. |
| altar | θυσιαστήριον | thysiastērion | altar | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 13:10 | Shared vocabulary with the Catholic Mass altar; must point to the fulfillment/end of sacrificial altars in Christ, not validate an ongoing sacrificial altar. |
| sacrifice of praise | θυσία αἰνέσεως | thysia aineseōs | hain ng pagpupuri | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 13:15 | A responsive, non-atoning offering; must not be read as supplementing Christ’s finished atonement. |
| outside the gate | ἔξω τῆς πύλης | exō tēs pylēs | sa labas ng pintuan / tarangkahan | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 13:12 | Typological echo of the sin offering burned outside the camp; standard once explained. |
| shepherd (of the sheep) | ποιμήν | poimēn | Pastol | Low/Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest (pastoral dimension) | 13:20 | Already well-established, warm devotional term in Filipino Christian usage. |
| pioneer / founder | ἀρχηγός | archēgos | pinuno / nagpasimula | Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest; Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 2:10; 12:2 | Consistent rendering needed across both occurrences. |
| propitiatory character terms (merciful, faithful) | ἐλεήμων, πιστός | eleēmōn, pistos | maawain, tapat | Low/Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest | 2:17 | Standard priestly-qualification vocabulary. |
C. Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count of New Hebrews Terms (Section B) | Notable Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | high priest, mediator, blood (of Christ), once for all, new covenant, propitiation/atoning sacrifice, draw near/access, offer (sacrificially) |
| High | 20 | priesthood, redemption, conscience, tabernacle, perfect/made perfect, repentance, falling away, willful sin, angels, testament (will sense), forgiveness, putting away of sin, throne of grace, confidence/boldness, full assurance, endurance/perseverance, assurance/substance of faith, cloud of witnesses, altar, sacrifice of praise |
| Medium | 24 | veil/curtain, rest, confession, oath, promise, inheritance, heir, Melchizedek, tithe, better/superior, surety/guarantee, shadow/copy/true things, dead works, serve, inauguration, shedding of blood, foundation/end of ages, judgment, second time, eagerly await, living/active word, conviction/evidence, discipline, Mount Sinai/Zion, unshakeable kingdom, consuming fire, outside the gate, pioneer/founder |
| Low | 4+ | strangers and exiles, reward, shepherd, merciful/faithful (priestly character terms) |
Every Critical- and High-risk term above requires the mandatory teaching-note treatment specified in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md’s escalation rules once Phase 1 Step 2 extends the AI instruction set for Hebrews; this glossary supplies the grounded rationale for each such escalation.
See 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter treatment underlying every entry above.
Critical Risk Terms
Blood Of Christ
Approved rendering: dugo ni Kristo
Transliteration: dugo ni Kristo
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: αἷμα (Χριστοῦ)
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: Christ’s own shed blood, a historical, completed payment securing eternal redemption and access to God (9:12-14,18-22,25; 10:19,29; 12:24; 13:11-12,20). Direct collision with a Mass-as-repeated-sacrifice framing; mandatory teaching note at every occurrence.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristo
Transliteration: Kristo
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW to translation memory but already fixed by the baseline AI requirements proper-name table (Christ = Kristo). Must be used consistently alongside ‘Jesus’ throughout Hebrews, particularly in high-priestly and sacrificial contexts (9:11-28).
Draw Near Access
Approved rendering: lumapit / dumulog
Transliteration: lumapit
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: προσέρχομαι
Category: Access to God
CRITICAL: The operative verb of the curriculum’s access doctrine (4:16; 7:25; 10:1,22; 11:6; 12:18,22). Must be rendered to convey unmediated, confident approach, without implying the need for an additional intercessory step.
High Priest
Approved rendering: punong pari
Transliteration: punong pari
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: pari (bare, without a singularity/permanence teaching note)
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
CRITICAL: Hebrews’ central Christological title (2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25). Filipino Catholic tradition has an active, ongoing ordained priesthood (mga pari) performing sacramental mediation. Every occurrence needs a teaching note that Christ’s high priesthood is singular, heavenly, permanent, and requires no human successor or repeated sacramental re-enactment.
Intercession
Approved rendering: pamamagitan
Transliteration: pamamagitan
Doctrine: Christ’s Sole Mediatorship of the New Covenant
Original: ἐντυγχάνω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (CRITICAL). Hebrews 7:25: Christ’s permanent, living intercession. Retain the mandatory teaching note: Christ’s intercession is unique and sufficient, not one relationship among several with Mary or the saints.
Mediator
Approved rendering: tagapamagitan
Transliteration: tagapamagitan
Doctrine: Christ’s Sole Mediatorship of the New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: pamamagitan ng mga santo (framing as one intercessory relationship among several)
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
CRITICAL: One of the sharpest collision points in the curriculum (8:6; 9:15; 12:24). Filipino folk Catholicism actively practices ‘pamamagitan ng mga santo’ (intercession of the saints/Mary). Every occurrence requires a teaching note: Christ alone establishes and guarantees the new covenant.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: Bagong Tipan
Transliteration: bagong tipan
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
CRITICAL: The Jeremiah 31 covenant established through Christ’s blood, superseding the Mosaic covenant (8:8,13; 9:15; 12:24). Must be distinguished contextually from ‘Bagong Tipan’ as the name of the New Testament canon via a disambiguating gloss on first use per lesson unit.
Offer Sacrificially
Approved rendering: maghandog / ihandog
Transliteration: ihandog
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: προσφέρω
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: Technical sacrificial-offering vocabulary, applied to Levitical priests’ repeated offerings and, decisively, to Christ’s single self-offering (5:1,3; 8:3-4; 9:7,9,14,25,28; 10:1-12; 11:4,17). Must never imply Christ offers Himself repeatedly; 9:25 explicitly negates this. Mandatory contrastive teaching note against the Mass-as-repeated-offering framing.
Once For All
Approved rendering: minsanan / sa isang pagkakataon lamang
Transliteration: minsanan
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: minsan lang, isa lang, hindi na uulit
Original: ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: The book’s hinge doctrinal term (9:12,26,27,28; 10:2,10; cf. 6:4; 9:7 pollakis as contrast). Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at every occurrence with a mandatory teaching note distinguishing it from any repeated-offering framework, directly engaging the Filipino Catholic Mass-as-sacrifice doctrine. Rejected synonyms individually defensible but destroy the book’s argumentative through-line if substituted.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: pambayad-sala / pagtubos sa kasalanan
Transliteration: pambayad-sala
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement through Christ
Rejected alternatives: ritwal na pampalubag-loob na ginagawa ng tao (human-initiated appeasement ritual)
Original: ἱλάσκεσθαι
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: To make atonement, dealing decisively with sin (2:17). Must convey God’s own initiative, not a human-appeasement ritual repeated through the Mass.
Saints
Approved rendering: mga banal
Transliteration: mga banal
Doctrine: The Cloud of Witnesses (Faith Exemplars, Not Active Intercessors)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (CRITICAL). Hebrews 6:10, 13:24 apply this to every believer. Retain the mandatory teaching note distinguishing this from a canonized, venerated elite class.
High Risk Terms
Altar
Approved rendering: altar
Transliteration: altar
Doctrine: Sacrifice of Praise and Christian Worship
Rejected alternatives: ordinaryong altar ng Misa na patuloy na pinaghahandugan (ongoing sacrificial altar framing)
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Salvation
Figurative reference to what believers already possess through Christ’s completed sacrifice (13:10). Shared vocabulary with the Catholic Mass altar; must point to the fulfillment and end of sacrificial altars in Christ.
Angels
Approved rendering: anghel
Transliteration: anghel
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Christology
Heavenly created beings, servants of God, contrasted with the Son’s superior status (1:4-13; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 12:22; 13:2). Widespread Filipino devotion to guardian angels (Anghel de la Guarda) and angelic intercession risks devotionally rivaling or supplementing Christ’s unique status.
Assurance Substance Faith
Approved rendering: katiyakan / saligan
Transliteration: saligan
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: lubos na pagtitiwala (subjective-feeling-only rendering)
Original: ὑπόστασις
Category: Faith
The underlying reality/confident ground of things hoped for, in faith’s programmatic definition (11:1). Must not be reduced to mere subjective feeling; a real ground/substance corresponding to unseen realities.
Cloud Of Witnesses
Approved rendering: ulap ng mga saksi
Transliteration: ulap ng mga saksi
Doctrine: The Cloud of Witnesses (Faith Exemplars, Not Active Intercessors)
Rejected alternatives: mga santo na kasalukuyang nagmamasid at namamagitan (active-observer/intercessor framing)
Original: νέφος μαρτύρων
Category: Church
The great company of OT faith-exemplars from ch. 11 (12:1), presented as an inspiring example, not active spectators or intercessors. Significant collision with the folk-Catholic ‘communion of saints’ concept.
Confession
Approved rendering: pagpapahayag (ng pananampalataya)
Transliteration: pagpapahayag
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: kumpisal (sacrament of Confession/Penance)
Original: ὁμολογία
Category: Faith
Public profession/acknowledgment of faith in Christ, held fast without wavering (3:1; 4:14; 10:23). Must not be conflated with kumpisal.
Confidence Boldness
Approved rendering: pagtitiwala / lakas ng loob (na lumapit)
Transliteration: lakas ng loob
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Access to God
Unhindered, confident access into God’s presence (3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35). Undercuts any felt need for a human or saintly intermediary.
Conscience
Approved rendering: budhi / kunsensya
Transliteration: budhi
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Cleansed Conscience
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
The inner faculty of moral self-judgment, cleansed once by Christ’s blood (9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18). Folk-Catholic practice can treat the conscience as cleansed by repeated confession/absolution; requires a distinguishing teaching note.
Covenant
Approved rendering: tipan
Transliteration: tipan
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Must be distinguished contextually from ‘Bagong Tipan’ as the name of the New Testament canon; Hebrews 8-9 uses it for the covenant-relationship itself.
Endurance Perseverance
Approved rendering: pagtitiis / pagpapatuloy sa pananampalataya
Transliteration: pagtitiis
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Assurance
Steadfast continuance in faith through trial, opposite of ‘shrinking back’ (10:36; 12:1-3,7). Must be balanced against the warning passages without collapsing either doctrine.
Falling Away
Approved rendering: tumalikod / humiwalay sa pananampalataya
Transliteration: tumalikod
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: παραπίπτω
Category: Apostasy
Decisive, willful abandonment of professed faith (6:6; cf. 3:12; 10:26,29; 12:25). Must not overstate (implying salvation easily lost by any sin) or understate (implying no real danger).
Father
Approved rendering: Ama
Transliteration: Ama
Doctrine: Divine Discipline as Fatherly Formation
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Especially prominent in the discipline passage (12:7,9); keep distinct from Padre (priest) and ancestor-veneration petitions.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: kapatawaran
Transliteration: kapatawaran
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement through Christ
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
The goal the sacrificial system anticipated but could not finally deliver (9:22; 10:18). Must be anchored to Christ’s finished sacrifice, not a sacramentally-dispensed and periodically-renewed forgiveness.
Full Assurance
Approved rendering: lubos na katiyakan
Transliteration: lubos na katiyakan
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: πληροφορία
Category: Assurance
Complete confidence accompanying genuine faith (6:11; 10:22); must not be reframed as contingent on ongoing sacramental performance.
Glory
Approved rendering: kaluwalhatian
Transliteration: kaluwalhatian
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to the Son as its very radiance (1:3), not a created light merely reflecting God.
God
Approved rendering: Diyos
Transliteration: Diyos
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Bathala
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never Bathala, the pre-colonial cosmological concept.
Grace
Approved rendering: biyaya
Transliteration: biyaya
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: utang na loob
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Throne of grace’ (Hebrews 4:16) claims unmediated access; never frame as utang na loob (a reciprocal debt of gratitude).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espiritu Santo
Transliteration: Espiritu Santo
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: anito, kaluluwa
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Active in inspiring Scripture (3:7; 9:8; 10:15) and in the believer’s reception of grace (6:4); never anito or bare kaluluwa.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standard Filipino Protestant spelling, used throughout Hebrews as the exalted, suffering, priestly Savior.
Lord
Approved rendering: Panginoon
Transliteration: Panginoon
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Christ (1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 13:20); must convey exclusive Lordship undiluted by devotional attention shared with Mary and the saints.
Perfect Made Perfect
Approved rendering: ginawang sakdal / pagpapasakdal
Transliteration: sakdal
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: sakdal (bare, without ‘ginawang’)
Original: τελειόω / τελείωσις
Category: Salvation
Brought to the intended goal of qualification/completeness (2:10; 5:9,14; 7:11,19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23). Must be distinguished from sinless moral perfectionism.
Priesthood
Approved rendering: pagkapari
Transliteration: pagkapari
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
Hebrews 7 argues a change of priesthood order from Levitical to Melchizedekian/Christic. Direct collision with the ongoing, generationally-transferable Filipino Catholic priestly office; must convey a change of order, non-transferable to human successors.
Putting Away Sin
Approved rendering: pag-aalis / pagpawi (ng kasalanan)
Transliteration: pag-aalis ng kasalanan
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀθέτησις
Category: Salvation
The decisive nullification/cancellation of sin accomplished by Christ’s single sacrifice (9:26). Should be distinguished from sin being managed or covered incrementally.
Redemption
Approved rendering: katubusan / ganap na pagtubos
Transliteration: katubusan
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
A purchased, completed deliverance with permanent legal effect (9:12,15); must not be reduced to a process requiring ongoing ritual supplementation.
Repentance
Approved rendering: pagsisisi
Transliteration: pagsisisi
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: kumpisal-framed pagsisisi (satisfied through ritual absolution)
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Apostasy
Genuine inward turning from sin toward God, foundational and tragically unrepeatable for apostates (6:1,6; 12:17). Must be anchored to a genuine, Spirit-wrought change of heart.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: hain ng pagpupuri
Transliteration: hain ng pagpupuri
Doctrine: Sacrifice of Praise and Christian Worship
Rejected alternatives: karagdagang panghandog na pambayad-sala (additional atoning offering)
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Sanctification
The believer’s ongoing responsive worship of praise and good works, not a repeated atoning offering (13:15-16). Must not be read as supplementing Christ’s finished atonement.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Anak ng Diyos
Transliteration: Anak ng Diyos
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ / ὁ υἱός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. The central claim of Hebrews 1 and recurring through 4:14-7:28; must not read as honorary or adoptive sonship.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: tolda / tabernakulo (with clarifying note)
Transliteration: tolda
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: tabernakulo (unqualified, without clarifying note)
Original: σκηνή
Category: Old Testament Types
The wilderness tent of Exodus/Levitical worship and its heavenly antitype (8:2,5; 9:2-3,6,8,11,21; 13:10). ‘Tabernakulo’ unqualified collides with the Filipino Catholic term for the Eucharistic reservation box; requires a clarifying note anchoring the word to the OT/heavenly tent.
Testament Will Sense
Approved rendering: tipan (with explanatory teaching note on the will/testament wordplay)
Transliteration: tipan
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη (testamentary sense)
Category: Covenant
Author’s wordplay exploiting diatheke’s dual meaning (covenant/last will), activated by the testator’s death (9:16-17). Filipino ‘tipan’ does not carry the dual sense naturally; requires an explanatory note, not a lexical solution.
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: trono ng biyaya
Transliteration: trono ng biyaya
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Access to God
Direct, confident access to God’s presence for mercy and grace (4:16); first appearance of the direct-access theme. Must convey unmediated boldness of approach, without an additional human or saintly intermediary.
Willful Sin
Approved rendering: sinasadyang pagkakasala
Transliteration: sinasadyang pagkakasala
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Apostasy
Deliberate, ongoing sin after receiving knowledge of the truth (10:26); must not trivialize all post-conversion sin nor deny assurance of salvation.
Medium Risk Terms
Adoption
Approved rendering: pag-ampon
Transliteration: pag-ampon
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship of Believers
Original: υἱοθεσία (concept; cf. υἱοί)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Extended through the discipline-as-fatherly-formation passage (12:5-8): sonship remains genuine and secure under correction.
Better Superior
Approved rendering: mas mabuti / nakahihigit
Transliteration: nakahihigit
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Original: κρείττων
Category: Christology
The recurring comparative term structuring the whole book’s argument (1:4; 7:7,19,22; 8:6; 9:23; 10:34; 11:16,35,40; 12:24); render consistently across all occurrences.
Called
Approved rendering: tinawag
Transliteration: tinawag
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: καλέω / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to priestly appointment (5:4) and to those who receive the promised eternal inheritance (9:15).
Calling
Approved rendering: pagkatawag
Transliteration: pagkatawag
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to believers as those who share a ‘heavenly calling’ (3:1).
Church
Approved rendering: iglesia
Transliteration: iglesia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People / The Heavenly Assembly
Rejected alternatives: simbahan
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to the ‘assembly of the firstborn’ already accessible in heaven (12:23); distinguish from simbahan, the physical building.
Consuming Fire
Approved rendering: apoy na tumutupok
Transliteration: apoy na tumutupok
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: πῦρ καταναλίσκον
Category: Apostasy
God’s holy, judging nature, motivating reverent worship and warning against apostasy (12:29); avoid sensationalizing beyond the text’s intent.
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Δαβίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced as OT exemplar of faith and covenant recipient (4:7; 11:32).
Discipline Training
Approved rendering: pagdisiplina / pagsasanay
Transliteration: pagdisiplina
Doctrine: Divine Discipline as Fatherly Formation
Original: παιδεία
Category: Sanctification
God’s fatherly, purposive discipline of His children, distinct from punitive punishment (12:5-11).
Eagerly Await
Approved rendering: buong pag-asang naghihintay
Transliteration: buong pag-asang naghihintay
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Christ’s Second Coming
Original: ἀπεκδέχομαι
Category: Eschatology
Believers’ posture of confident, expectant hope toward Christ’s return (9:28).
Election
Approved rendering: pagkahirang
Transliteration: pagkahirang
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: swerte, kapalaran
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to divine appointment of priests (5:1,4); never swerte/kapalaran (luck/fate).
Faith
Approved rendering: pananampalataya
Transliteration: pananampalataya
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Hebrews 11:1 this term receives its programmatic definition; supporting nouns (hypostasis, elegchos) must be rendered so as not to weaken this definition.
Foundation End Of Ages
Approved rendering: pasimula ng daigdig / katapusan ng mga kapanahunan
Transliteration: pasimula ng daigdig
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: καταβολὴ κόσμου / συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων
Category: Eschatology
The world’s creation and the climactic end-point of redemptive history toward which Christ’s sacrifice moves (9:26).
Gospel
Approved rendering: Mabuting Balita
Transliteration: mabuting balita
Doctrine: Gospel (proclamation concept)
Inherited from Romans package. Concept surfaces at 4:2,6 (euangelizo cognate: the good news preached to Israel in the wilderness and to believers now).
Heir
Approved rendering: tagapagmana
Transliteration: tagapagmana
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Christology
Applied to Christ as heir of all things (1:2) and to believers (1:14; 6:17; 11:7).
Holy
Approved rendering: banal
Transliteration: banal
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Cleansed Conscience
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Used of believers, the Spirit, and the sanctuary spaces throughout Hebrews.
Inauguration
Approved rendering: pagsisimula / pag-inagurahan
Transliteration: pagsisimula
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἐγκαινίζω
Category: Covenant
Formal ceremonial dedication of a covenant or way of access (9:18; 10:20).
Inheritance
Approved rendering: mana
Transliteration: mana
Doctrine: Inheritance and Promise
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Covenant
A possession received by right of sonship, not by purchase (1:2,4; 9:15; 11:7-8). Should not be reduced to a merely material or transactional idea; ties to the baseline’s adoption doctrine.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Subject of the new covenant promise quoted from Jeremiah (8:8,10) and the exodus narrative (11:22).
Judgment
Approved rendering: paghuhukom
Transliteration: paghuhukom
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Christ’s Second Coming
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
The decisive divine assessment following death, the universal pattern Christ’s death-then-appearing answers (9:27; 10:27).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kaharian ng Diyos
Transliteration: Kaharian ng Diyos
Doctrine: The Unshakeable Kingdom
Original: βασιλεία (τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in Hebrews as ‘unshakeable’ (12:28) and applied to the Son’s royal throne (1:8).
Law
Approved rendering: kautusan
Transliteration: kautusan
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The Mosaic Law whose priestly/sacrificial regulations Hebrews argues are superseded by Christ’s priesthood and covenant.
Living Active Word
Approved rendering: buhay at gumagana
Transliteration: buhay at gumagana
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
Original: ζῶν καὶ ἐνεργής (λόγος)
Category: Faith
Scripture’s penetrating, discerning power to judge thoughts and intentions (4:12).
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: Melquisedec
Transliteration: Melquisedec
Doctrine: Melchizedekian Order of Christ’s Priesthood
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
The mysterious OT priest-king (Genesis 14) typifying Christ’s eternal, non-Levitical priesthood (5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17). Unfamiliar figure requiring OT background teaching.
Moses
Approved rendering: Moises
Transliteration: Moises
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant
Established transliteration per baseline proper-name table. Hebrews 3 argues Christ surpasses Moses as a son surpasses a household servant; the argument concerns office, not Moses’s moral character — must not diminish Moses personally.
Mount Sinai Zion
Approved rendering: Bundok Sinai / Bundok Sion
Transliteration: Bundok Sion
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Σινᾶ / Σιών
Category: Covenant
The two mountains representing the old covenant’s terror and the new covenant’s joyful access (12:18-22).
Oath
Approved rendering: sumpa / panunumpa
Transliteration: sumpa
Doctrine: Inheritance and Promise
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant
God’s self-guaranteed pledge, doubly securing His promise (6:16-17; 7:20-21).
Outside The Gate
Approved rendering: sa labas ng pintuan / tarangkahan
Transliteration: sa labas ng tarangkahan
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἔξω τῆς πύλης
Category: Salvation
Christ’s suffering outside Jerusalem’s gate, calling believers to identify with His reproach (13:12-13); echoes the sin offering burned outside the camp.
Pioneer Founder
Approved rendering: pinuno / nagpasimula
Transliteration: pinuno
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Christology
One who blazes the trail others follow, source and leader combined; applied to Christ (2:10; 12:2). Render consistently across both occurrences.
Promise
Approved rendering: pangako
Transliteration: pangako
Doctrine: Inheritance and Promise
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
A formally pledged assurance of a future gift, held out to God’s called ones (4:1; 6:12-17; 8:6; 9:15; 10:36; 11:9,13,17,33,39).
Rest
Approved rendering: kapahingahan / pagpapahingang-Sabbath
Transliteration: kapahingahan
Doctrine: The Promised Rest of God
Original: κατάπαυσις / σαββατισμός
Category: Assurance
The promised, still-future divine rest available now by faith (3:11,18; 4:1-11). Should not be reduced to literal Sabbath-day observance.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: pagkabuhay na mag-uli
Transliteration: pagkabuhay na mag-uli
Doctrine: Resurrection
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Anticipated by OT saints in faith (11:19,35) and applied to Christ (13:20).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pagpapabanal
Transliteration: pagpapabanal
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Cleansed Conscience
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. In Hebrews closely tied to Christ’s blood-cleansing of the conscience (9:13; 10:10,14,29; 13:12).
Second Time
Approved rendering: sa pangalawang pagkakataon
Transliteration: sa pangalawang pagkakataon
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Christ’s Second Coming
Original: ἐκ δευτέρου
Category: Eschatology
Christ’s promised future return, distinct from and building on His first, once-for-all appearing (9:28). Anchors Second-Coming doctrine.
Serve Latreuo
Approved rendering: maglingkod / sumamba
Transliteration: maglingkod
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Cleansed Conscience
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Sanctification
Priestly/liturgical service rendered to God, the purpose-outcome of a cleansed conscience (8:5; 9:9,14; 10:2; 12:28; 13:10).
Shadow Copy True Things
Approved rendering: anino / huwaran / kopya / tunay
Transliteration: anino
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: σκιά / ὑπόδειγμα / ἀντίτυπον / ἀληθινός
Category: Old Testament Types
Type-antitype vocabulary: the earthly tabernacle and law as copies/shadows of the true, heavenly realities (8:5; 9:23-24; 10:1).
Shedding Of Blood
Approved rendering: pagdanak ng dugo
Transliteration: pagdanak ng dugo
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἱματεκχυσία
Category: Salvation
The specific act of blood being poured out, the general principle behind the entire Levitical sacrificial system (9:22).
Sin
Approved rendering: kasalanan
Transliteration: kasalanan
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. In Hebrews specifically the object of Christ’s once-for-all removal (9:26; 10:4), not a sacramentally-managed recurring category.
Surety Guarantee
Approved rendering: tagapanagot / kasiguruhan
Transliteration: tagapanagot
Doctrine: Melchizedekian Order of Christ’s Priesthood
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Covenant
Christ as the personal guarantee backing the new covenant’s terms (7:22); reinforces the mediator doctrine.
Unshakeable Kingdom
Approved rendering: Kaharian na hindi matitinag
Transliteration: kaharian na hindi matitinag
Doctrine: The Unshakeable Kingdom
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Kingdom
The permanent new-covenant kingdom compared to the shakable created order (12:28). Ties to the baseline Kingdom of God concept, extended with a permanence contrast.
Veil Curtain
Approved rendering: tabing
Transliteration: tabing
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Old Testament Types
The sanctuary curtain separating the Holy of Holies, later identified with Christ’s flesh (6:19; 9:3; 10:20). Symbol of the barrier now removed.
Low Risk Terms
Abraham
Approved rendering: Abraham
Transliteration: Abraham
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Faith
Established transliteration. Primary OT exemplar of faith (6:13; 7:1-9; 11:8-17) and of the testing of faith (11:17).
Dead Works
Approved rendering: mga gawang patay
Transliteration: mga gawang patay
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Cleansed Conscience
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Sanctification
Works done in the sphere of sin and death, from which repentance turns (6:1; 9:14).
Exhort
Approved rendering: pasiglahin
Transliteration: pasiglahin
Doctrine: Mutual Edification (Perseverance and Assurance)
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 3:13; 10:25 (‘exhorting one another’); 13:22. Context-sensitive per baseline convention.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: pagsasamahan
Transliteration: pagsasamahan
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Christian Ethical Conduct
Inherited from Romans package. Reflected in Hebrews 13:16’s call to do good and share (koinonia).
Merciful Faithful
Approved rendering: maawain, tapat
Transliteration: maawain
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἐλεήμων, πιστός
Category: Priesthood
Christ’s priestly character qualifications: merciful and faithful (2:17).
Shepherd
Approved rendering: (dakilang) Pastol
Transliteration: pastol
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest (pastoral dimension)
Original: ποιμήν (μέγας)
Category: Christology
God as the one who raised Christ, the great Shepherd of the sheep, from the dead (13:20); already a well-established, warm devotional term.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: pasasalamat
Transliteration: pasasalamat
Doctrine: Sacrifice of Praise and Christian Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Reflected in Hebrews 12:28’s call to worship God ‘acceptably, with reverence and awe’ and 13:15’s sacrifice of praise.
Tithe
Approved rendering: ikapu
Transliteration: ikapu
Doctrine: Melchizedekian Order of Christ’s Priesthood
Original: δεκάτη
Category: Priesthood
The tenth given to Melchizedek by Abraham and by Levi’s descendants (7:2,4-9); already a familiar practice in Filipino church life.
Referenced passages