Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Jude (Filipino)
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Filipino Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Passages in Jude | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | πίστις (pistis) | pananampalataya | Medium/High | Contending for the Faith | 1:3, 1:20 | In 1:3, 1:20 used in the objective sense (“the faith” = apostolic deposit), not merely subjective trust; TM rendering retained but requires translator note on this sense-shift |
| saints | ἅγιοι (hagioi) | mga banal | Critical | Sainthood / Contending for the Faith | 1:3 | Baseline Critical teaching note applies: every believer, not a canonized elite |
| grace | χάρις (charis) | biyaya | Critical/High | Grace, perverted | 1:4 | Forbidden substitution utang na loob applies; here grace is being wrongly used to excuse sin — flag for theologian review per baseline grace-vs-works rule |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | Panginoon | High/Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:4, 1:5(v.l.), 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Exclusive, supreme Lordship; must not be diluted by devotional attention to Mary/saints |
| called | κλητός (klētos) | tinawag | Medium/High | Divine Calling | 1:1 | Effectual calling sense, consistent with baseline |
| glory | δόξα (doxa) — abstract attribute sense | kaluwalhatian | High | Deity of Christ / Doxology | 1:24, 1:25 | NOTE: the plural δόξαι at 1:8 (“glorious ones,” concrete beings) must NOT use this same rendering — see Section B |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | apostol | Medium | Apostleship | 1:17 | Standard reuse; grounding present teaching in already-delivered apostolic words |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | Espiritu Santo | Critical/High | Sanctification / Contending for the Faith | 1:20 (present); 1:19 (absent, contrastively) | Must render in full at 1:20; at 1:19 the point is a false teacher’s lack of the Spirit — do not weaken to a generic “spirit” |
| salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) / σῴζω (sōzō) root | kaligtasan | Critical | Salvation / Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:3, 1:5, 1:23 | Baseline Critical teaching note applies at every occurrence: faith-received, not ritual-guaranteed |
| peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | kapayapaan | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2 | Standard reuse in salutation |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | Jesus | Critical/High | Lordship of Christ | 1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Standard reuse |
| Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | Kristo | Critical/High | Christology | 1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Standard reuse |
| Moses | Μωϋσῆς (Mōusēs) | Moises | Medium | OT Types (Israel) | 1:9 | Standard reuse per system-prompt proper-name list |
| exhort/entreat | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | makiusap (entreaty sense, per TM’s context rule) | Low/Medium | Mutual Edification | 1:3 | Use makiusap, not pasiglahin, per TM’s established context-sensitivity rule for this verb |
| David | — (not present in Jude) | — | — | — | — | Not applicable to Jude; listed in baseline only |
| Amen | ἀμήν (amēn) | Amen | Low | Doxology | 1:25 | Standard transliteration per system prompt |
Section B — New Terms Proposed for Jude (Not in Baseline Translation Memory)
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Filipino Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kept / preserved | τηρέω (τετηρημένοις, τετήρηκεν, τετήρηται) | tēreō | iningatan / ingatan | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21 | ”tinatago” (too passive/hiding sense), “binantayan” (reserved for φυλάσσω) | Central doctrinal verb; ironic dual use — preserving believers unto blessing (1:1, 1:21) vs. confining the judged unto punishment (1:6, 1:13). Must be tracked for consistency across all four occurrences |
| guard / keep from stumbling | φυλάσσω (φυλάξαι) | phylassō | ipagsanggalang / ingatan | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | plain “bantayan” alone (too weak for the doxological climax) | Distinct root from τηρέω; the letter’s climactic statement of God’s active protective power — pairs with ámōmous (“blameless”) as the doctrinal capstone |
| contend for | ἐπαγωνίζομαι (ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι) | epagōnizesthai | ipaglaban | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3 | ”ipagtanggol” (defend — too passive), “manindigan” (too generic) | Athletic-contest metaphor; requires active, effortful struggle, not passive belief-holding |
| delivered / entrusted | παραδίδωμι (παραδοθείσῃ) | paradotheisē | ipinagkatiwala | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3 | ”ibinigay” (too weak — loses the “entrusted for safekeeping” sense) | Must convey a fixed, complete, one-time transmission — guards against reading “the faith” as an expanding tradition supplemented by later magisterial teaching |
| once for all | ἅπαξ (hapax) | hapax | minsan para sa lahat | Medium | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3, 1:5 | ”isang panahon” (implies repeatability — rejected) | Non-repeatable, closed, historical act |
| ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια (asebēs / asebeia) | asebēs / asebeia | walang-diyos / kawalang-diyos | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4, 1:15 (×2), 1:18 | ”masama” (too generic — loses the God-directed dimension), “makasalanan” (collapses into general sin term, losing specificity) | Must convey fundamental orientation against God, not isolated bad conduct |
| foreordained to judgment | προγράφω (προγεγραμμένοι) | progegrammenoi | matagal nang itinalagang (para sa hatol) | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4 | reuse of pagkahirang (election, baseline term) — explicitly rejected, would wrongly conflate judicial foreordination with salvific election | Requires theologian review; must be kept distinct from baseline’s election-unto-salvation doctrine |
| Sovereign (Master) | δεσπότης (despotēs) | despotēs | Kataas-taasang Panginoon | Medium/High | Lordship of Christ | 1:4 | plain “Panginoon” alone (would collapse two distinct Greek titles into one Filipino word in the same clause) | Must be rendered distinctly from the immediately following kyrios in the same verse to preserve the double title “the only Sovereign and Lord” |
| Israel / Exodus generation | λαός ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου | laos ek gēs Aigyptou | bayan mula sa Ehipto | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Israel) | 1:5 | — | Requires OT Exodus background teaching; type of the redeemed community that can still be judged for unbelief |
| angels who sinned | ἄγγελοι (angeloi) | angeloi | mga anghel (na nagkasala) | Medium/High | OT Warnings as Types (Angels) | 1:6 | — | Guard against Filipino folk-Catholic guardian-angel devotion framing angels only as protective figures; angels too are morally accountable |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα | Sodoma kai Gomorra | Sodoma at Gomorra | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Sodom) | 1:7 | — | Requires Genesis 19 background; example of a historical, non-repeatable judgment |
| eternal fire | πῦρ αἰώνιον (pyr aiōnion) | pyr aiōnion | apoy na walang hanggan | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:7 | — | Must be distinguished from the Catholic doctrine of purgatorial (temporary, cleansing) fire; this fire is final and unending |
| glorious ones (celestial beings) | δόξαι (doxai, plural) | doxai | mga maluwalhating nilalang | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:8 | reuse of plain kaluwalhatian (explicitly rejected — grammatically nonsensical as the concrete object of slander) | Distinct concrete plural sense from doxa as abstract divine glory; do not confuse with the Section A “glory” entry |
| Michael the archangel | Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος | Michaēl ho archangelos | Miguel ang arkanghel | High | OT/NT Warnings; Contending for the Faith | 1:9 | — | Filipino Catholic devotion to San Miguel (invoked for protection against evil) risks reframing this verse as endorsing petition to Michael; teaching note must redirect to Michael’s restraint and deference to the Lord’s authority |
| the way of Cain | ὁδὸς τοῦ Κάϊν | hodos tou Kain | daan ni Cain | Medium | OT Warnings as Types | 1:11 | — | Requires Genesis 4 background |
| the error of Balaam | πλάνη τοῦ Βαλαάμ | planē tou Balaam | pagkaligaw ni Balaam | Medium | OT Warnings as Types | 1:11 | — | Requires Numbers 22–24 background; mercenary corruption of prophetic office |
| the rebellion of Korah | ἀντιλογία τοῦ Κόρε | antilogia tou Kore | paghihimagsik ni Korah | Medium/High | OT Warnings as Types | 1:11 | ”Core” (older Filipino spelling, recorded as historical alternative) | Requires Numbers 16 background; rebellion against divinely appointed leadership |
| love feasts | ἀγάπαι (agapai) | agapai | piging ng pag-ibig | Medium/High | Church as God’s People (fellowship) | 1:12 | — | Must not be conflated with the Eucharist/Mass (Banal na Misa); this is a communal fellowship meal |
| hidden reefs | σπιλάδες (spilades) | spilades | mga natatagong panganib | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:12 | ”mga dungis” (blemishes — recorded as alternatives_considered per genuine textual/translation ambiguity) | Flag for native speaker review per Ambiguity Handling rule |
| wandering stars | ἀστέρες πλανῆται | asteres planētai | mga bituing gumagala | Low/Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:13 | — | Instability contrasted with the fixed, once-delivered faith |
| Enoch (prophetic citation) | Ἑνώχ (Henōch) | Henōch | Enoc | High | Inspiration of Scripture (Jude-specific nuance) | 1:14–15 | — | Jude quotes 1 Enoch (non-canonical); the citation affirms this specific statement’s truth without elevating the whole book to canonical status — flag for theologian review to prevent canon confusion |
| soulish / without the Spirit | ψυχικός (psychikos) | psychikos | makamundo / walang-Espiritu | High | Contending for the Faith / Sanctification boundary | 1:19 | plain “makasalanan” (too generic — loses the specific “lacking the Spirit” nuance) | Direct contrast with true believers “praying in the Holy Spirit” (1:20) |
| mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) / ἐλεᾶτε (eleate) | eleos / eleate | awa / kaawaan | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:2, 1:21, 1:22–23 | — | Filipino Divine Mercy devotion (Chaplet/Image of Divine Mercy) is a specific devotional practice; teach as direct, relational mercy from God and among believers, not primarily that devotional apparatus |
| wavering / doubting | διακρινόμενοι (diakrinomenoi) | diakrinomenoi | mga nag-aalinlangan | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:22 | — | The specific object of the mercy command — believers under the false teachers’ influence, not yet fully lost |
| snatching from the fire | ἁρπάζοντες ἐκ πυρός | harpazontes ek pyros | agawin mula sa apoy | Medium/High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:23 | — | Urgent, active rescue imagery; must not imply salvation as human achievement or ritual guarantee |
| defiled garment | ἐσπιλωμένος χιτών | espilōmenos chitōn | dungisang kasuutan | Medium/High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:23 | — | Moral pollution imagery; guard against a ritual-purity misreading, parallel to baseline’s sin note |
| blameless | ἄμωμος (amōmos) | amōmos | walang kapintasan | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | — | Declarative, God-accomplished perfecting, not self-achieved moral perfection — same forensic caution as baseline’s justification/imputed righteousness |
| Savior (God the Father) | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | sōtēr | Tagapagligtas | Medium/High | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | — | Trinitarian care required: God the Father named Savior here, “through Jesus Christ our Lord” as mediating agent — must not blur the distinction of persons |
| majesty | μεγαλωσύνη (megalōsynē) | megalōsynē | kadakilaan | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | — | Doxological attribute, part of the fourfold ascription |
| dominion / might | κράτος (kratos) | kratos | kapangyarihan | Medium/High | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | ”anting-anting”-adjacent folk-power readings explicitly rejected | Same guard as baseline’s power of God (dynamis) entry: never a folk-amulet-style power |
| authority | ἐξουσία (exousia) | exousia | kapamahalaan | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | — | God’s supreme cosmic sovereignty; distinguish from earthly political authority (parallel to baseline’s Romans 13 caution) |
Section C — Consolidated Doctrine-to-Term Risk Map (Jude)
| Doctrine | Risk | Key Terms | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | High | ipaglaban, ipinagkatiwala, minsan para sa lahat, pananampalataya (objective sense) | Human theologian |
| Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | walang-diyos, kawalang-diyos, matagal nang itinalagang, apoy na walang hanggan, mga maluwalhating nilalang | Human theologian |
| Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) | Medium/High | bayan mula sa Ehipto, mga anghel, Sodoma at Gomorra, daan ni Cain, pagkaligaw ni Balaam, paghihimagsik ni Korah | Native speaker (theologian for Korah/authority-rebellion nuance) |
| Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | awa, kaawaan, mga nag-aalinlangan, agawin mula sa apoy, dungisang kasuutan | Human theologian |
| Kept by God and Presented Blameless | High | iningatan, ipagsanggalang, walang kapintasan | Human theologian |
| Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Medium/High | Tagapagligtas, kadakilaan, kapangyarihan, kapamahalaan | Native speaker (theologian for Trinitarian Savior nuance) |
| Michael/Archangel reference (cross-cutting: Contending / OT Types) | High | Miguel ang arkanghel | Human theologian (San Miguel devotion collision) |
| Inspiration of Scripture (Enoch citation, Jude-specific) | High | Enoc | Human theologian (canon-confusion risk) |
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Section A terms must be enforced exactly as recorded in baseline. Section B terms are proposed new entries; upon Phase 1 approval they must be written into translation_memory.json (incrementing its version number) before any Phase 2 segment translation of Jude begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Blameless
Approved rendering: walang kapintasan
Transliteration: amōmos
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL, new term for this curriculum. Jude 1:24, the letter’s climactic doctrinal statement. Requires the same forensic caution as the baseline’s justification/imputed-righteousness terms: a declarative, God-accomplished perfecting at the end of a life kept by grace, not a moral achievement earned through personal effort or ongoing sacramental performance — of central importance in the Philippines’ majority sacramental-Catholic context.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristo
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New standalone TM entry for this curriculum (the baseline Romans package did not carry ‘Christ’ as its own TM key, though ‘Kristo’ is the established Filipino Protestant Bible transliteration per the baseline system prompt’s transliteration standards, and is used consistently throughout Romans). Appears throughout Jude as part of the fixed proper-name title ‘Jesus Christ’ (1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25). Distinct from the doctrinal term ‘Mesiyas’ used for the underlying Messianic-promise concept; here it functions as a fixed name-title, not a stand-alone doctrinal argument.
God
Approved rendering: Diyos
Transliteration: Diyos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Bathala
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Addressed as the source of the readers’ love and calling (1:1) and named ‘the only God our Savior’ in the closing doxology (1:25), read together with Christ’s mediating role in the same verse.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espiritu Santo
Transliteration: Espiritu Santo
Doctrine: Sanctification and Spirit-Empowered Life
Rejected alternatives: anito, kaluluwa
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Must render in full at Jude 1:20 (‘praying in the Holy Spirit’). At 1:19 the false teachers’ explicit lack of the Spirit (‘walang-Espiritu,’ see soulish_without_spirit entry) must not be softened into a generic ‘spirit,’ since it marks their exclusion from genuine faith and directly contrasts with 1:20.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Appears in the salutation (1:1), the denial-of-Christ warning (1:4), the apostolic-prophecy reference (1:17), the assurance of mercy (1:21), and the closing doxology (1:25). Use the established Filipino Protestant Bible spelling, never ‘Hesus.‘
Lord
Approved rendering: Panginoon
Transliteration: Panginoon
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Paired with despotēs (‘Kataas-taasang Panginoon’) at Jude 1:4 for double-title emphasis, denied by the false teachers. Recurs at 1:1, 1:9 (Michael’s deferral formula ‘the Lord rebuke you’), 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25. Risk elevated to Critical in this curriculum given the concentration of Lordship passages and the Michael scene’s reinforcement of Christ’s exclusive judicial authority against any mediating figure.
Mercy
Approved rendering: awa / kaawaan
Transliteration: eleos / eleate
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεᾶτε
Category: Mercy
CRITICAL, new term for this curriculum. Recurs at 1:2, 1:21, 1:22-23. Filipino Catholic devotion to the Divine Mercy (Banal na Awa ng Diyos), including the Chaplet of Divine Mercy, its image, and Divine Mercy Sunday, is a specific, widely practiced devotional apparatus. Every occurrence needs a teaching note clarifying that this is direct, relational mercy shown by God and extended by believers to one another, not primarily a reference to that devotional practice. Human theologian review mandatory.
Michael The Archangel
Approved rendering: Miguel ang arkanghel
Transliteration: Michaēl ho archangelos
Doctrine: Reverence Toward Spiritual Authorities (Michael and the Devil)
Original: Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
CRITICAL, new term for this curriculum. Filipino Catholic devotion to San Miguel (prayers, novenas, images invoked for protection against evil) is widespread and deeply held. Every occurrence needs a teaching note redirecting focus to Michael’s restraint and deference to the Lord’s own authority to judge (Jude 1:9), not to Michael as a source of protection to be petitioned. Human theologian review mandatory.
Saints
Approved rendering: mga banal
Transliteration: mga banal
Doctrine: Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly, Critical risk unchanged. Jude 1:3 applies this term to every believer entrusted with ‘the faith,’ not a canonized elite venerated with feast days, images, and novenas in Filipino folk Catholicism. The baseline’s mandatory teaching note applies at this occurrence without modification.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaligtasan
Transliteration: kaligtasan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: seguradong pumunta sa langit dahil sa sakramento
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Applies at Jude 1:3 (‘common salvation’ shared by all believers), 1:5 (the Exodus generation’s historical rescue, later judged for unbelief), and 1:23 (urgent rescue of the wavering). Baseline Critical teaching note applies at every occurrence: salvation is received by faith in Christ’s finished work, not mechanically guaranteed by sacramental performance. Jude 1:5 additionally warns that even the historically ‘saved’ Exodus generation faced later judgment for unbelief — this nuance must not be lost, lest ‘common salvation’ be read as an automatic, permanent guarantee regardless of ongoing faith.
High Risk Terms
Angels Who Sinned
Approved rendering: mga anghel (na nagkasala)
Transliteration: angeloi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Angelology
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:6, the second of three OT warning-types. Filipino folk-Catholic devotion to guardian angels (Anghel de la Guarda) risks framing angels only as protective, comforting figures; this passage must be taught to affirm that angels too are morally accountable and subject to God’s judgment.
Called
Approved rendering: tinawag
Transliteration: tinawag
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:1 uses the effectual-calling sense consistent with the baseline, establishing believers’ foundational identity in the letter’s opening verse. Context-sensitive per the baseline’s general rule for this term family.
Contend For The Faith
Approved rendering: ipaglaban
Transliteration: epagōnizesthai
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: ipagtanggol (too passive), manindigan (too generic)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Faith
New term for this curriculum. Athletic-contest metaphor at Jude 1:3; must retain the sense of active, effortful struggle, not passive belief-holding or mere defense.
Defiled Garment
Approved rendering: dungisang kasuutan
Transliteration: espilōmenos chitōn
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐσπιλωμένος χιτών
Category: Judgment
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:23. Moral pollution imagery, to be hated even at the level of its residue/association. Must be taught as moral, not ritual-purity, defilement, paralleling the baseline’s caution that sin be anchored to relational offense rather than ritual uncleanness resolved through external cleansing rites.
Delivered Entrusted
Approved rendering: ipinagkatiwala
Transliteration: paradotheisē
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: ibinigay (too weak; loses the entrusted-for-safekeeping sense)
Original: παραδοθείσῃ (παραδίδωμι)
Category: Faith
New term for this curriculum. Describes the one-time, complete transmission of ‘the faith’ at Jude 1:3. Must guard against a reading in which the faith is an ongoing tradition later magisterial teaching may supplement or expand.
Dominion Might
Approved rendering: kapangyarihan
Transliteration: kratos
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: anting-anting-adjacent folk-power readings explicitly rejected
Original: κράτος
Category: God
New term for this curriculum. Part of the fourfold doxological ascription in Jude 1:25. Same guard as the baseline’s power_of_god (dynamis theou) entry: God’s own personal dominion, never a folk-amulet-style transferable power.
Election
Approved rendering: pagkahirang
Transliteration: pagkahirang
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: swerte, kapalaran
Inherited from Romans package exactly. EXPLICITLY FORBIDDEN as a substitute for Jude 1:4’s ‘foreordained to judgment’ (progegrammenoi, rendered ‘matagal nang itinalagang’). Pagkahirang names God’s sovereign choice unto salvation; conflating it with judicial foreordination unto condemnation would be a serious theological error. The two must remain entirely distinct terms — see the foreordained_to_judgment entry.
Enoch Citation
Approved rendering: Enoc
Transliteration: Henōch
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture (Enoch Citation)
Original: Ἑνώχ (prophetic quotation)
Category: Scripture/Inspiration
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:14-15 directly quotes the non-canonical book of 1 Enoch. This citation affirms the truth of this specific prophetic statement without elevating the whole of 1 Enoch to canonical Scripture status. Requires theologian review to prevent canon-boundary confusion, an issue of particular relevance in the Philippines’ majority-Catholic context where Church tradition is often treated as an authority alongside Scripture.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: apoy na walang hanggan
Transliteration: pyr aiōnion
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Judgment
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:7. Must be clearly distinguished from purgatoryo, the temporary, cleansing fire of Filipino Catholic belief reinforced by the Undas (All Souls’ Day) tradition; this fire is final and unending, exemplified by Sodom and Gomorrah’s total destruction.
Faith
Approved rendering: pananampalataya
Transliteration: pananampalataya
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:3 and 1:20 used in the objective sense (‘the faith’ = the fixed, complete apostolic deposit entrusted to the church), distinct from the baseline’s default subjective personal-trust sense. Every Jude occurrence requires a mandatory translator/teaching note distinguishing this sense-shift, since ordinary Filipino usage defaults to the subjective sense and could obscure Jude’s central ‘once delivered’ argument. Risk elevated to High in this curriculum relative to the baseline’s Medium, per assets/bible_term_registry.json (Jude).
Father
Approved rendering: Ama
Transliteration: Ama
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:1 addresses believers as ‘beloved in God the Father.’ Keep distinct from the reverence-title Padre used for Catholic priests, and from petitions directed toward deceased relatives in folk ancestor veneration, consistent with the baseline caution.
Foreordained To Judgment
Approved rendering: matagal nang itinalagang (para sa hatol)
Transliteration: progegrammenoi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: pagkahirang (baseline election term — explicitly forbidden; would conflate judicial foreordination unto judgment with salvific election unto blessing)
Original: προγεγραμμένοι
Category: Judgment
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:4. Requires mandatory theologian review at every occurrence given the serious doctrinal-confusion risk with the baseline’s election doctrine.
Glorious Ones
Approved rendering: mga maluwalhating nilalang
Transliteration: doxai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: kaluwalhatian (rejected — grammatically nonsensical as the concrete object of slander; that rendering is reserved for the abstract glory attribute)
Original: δόξαι
Category: Angelology
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:8. A distinct concrete-plural sense (majestic/celestial beings, likely angelic powers) from the abstract doxa/glory attribute ascribed to God — must not be confused with the ‘glory’ entry above.
Glory
Approved rendering: kaluwalhatian
Transliteration: kaluwalhatian
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Reserved for the abstract divine-glory attribute ascribed to God alone in the closing doxology (1:24-25) and the presentation ‘before his glory’ (1:24). Must NEVER be used for the distinct concrete-plural sense of ‘glorious ones’ (doxai, celestial beings) at 1:8 — see the separate glorious_ones entry below.
Grace
Approved rendering: biyaya
Transliteration: biyaya
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into License for Sin
Rejected alternatives: utang na loob
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:4 adds an inverse distortion risk not present in the baseline’s original grace-vs-works context: false teachers twist grace’s freedom into license for immorality, the mirror-image error to utang na loob (a debt obligating repayment) but equally dangerous. Both distortions (grace as debt, grace as license) must be named and guarded against in teaching.
Guard From Stumbling
Approved rendering: ipagsanggalang / ingatan
Transliteration: phylassō
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: plain bantayan alone (too weak for the doxological climax)
Original: φυλάσσω (φυλάξαι)
Category: Preservation
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:24, the letter’s climactic promise. Distinct Greek root from tēreō; if the same Filipino root must be reused for lack of a fully distinct equivalent, a translator note must flag the synonym-pairing to preserve the theological climax.
Holy
Approved rendering: banal
Transliteration: banal
Doctrine: Sanctification and Spirit-Empowered Life
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In Jude 1:20’s superlative construction ‘ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει,’ combines with pananampalataya to form ‘kabanal-banalang pananampalataya’ (most holy faith), echoing the sacredness of the faith defended in 1:3.
Kept Preserved
Approved rendering: iningatan / ingatan
Transliteration: tēreō
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: tinatago (too passive/hiding sense), binantayan (reserved for the distinct phylassō root)
Original: τηρέω (τετηρημένοις, τετήρηκεν, τετήρηται)
Category: Preservation
New term for this curriculum. Central doctrinal verb recurring at 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21. Ironic dual use — preserving believers unto blessing (1:1, 1:21) versus confining the judged unto punishment (1:6, 1:13). All four occurrences must be tracked together for consistency, with a translator note flagging the contrast.
Love Feasts
Approved rendering: piging ng pag-ibig
Transliteration: agapai
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:12. Must not be conflated with the Eucharist/Mass (Banal na Misa), the central sacrament of Filipino Catholic practice; this is an ordinary communal fellowship meal into which false teachers covertly infiltrated.
Rebellion Of Korah
Approved rendering: paghihimagsik ni Korah
Transliteration: antilogia tou Kore
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Rejected alternatives: Core (older Filipino spelling, recorded as historical alternative)
Original: ἀντιλογία τοῦ Κόρε
Category: Old Testament Typology
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:11. Requires Numbers 16 background teaching; ties to church-authority doctrine and carries sensitivity when applied to present-day church-leadership disputes.
Savior God Father
Approved rendering: Tagapagligtas
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: σωτήρ
Category: God
New term for this curriculum, built on the kaligtasan root. Jude 1:25, ‘the only God our Savior,’ named alongside ‘through Jesus Christ our Lord’ as mediating agent. Requires careful Trinitarian framing so the Father and Son are not blurred into an undifferentiated figure.
Snatching From Fire
Approved rendering: iligtas, agawin mula sa apoy
Transliteration: sōzete ek pyros harpazontes
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: σῴζετε ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Mercy
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:23. Urgent, active rescue imagery; must not imply salvation as a human achievement performed apart from grace, nor be conflated with a ritually guaranteed salvation.
Soulish Without Spirit
Approved rendering: makamundo / walang-Espiritu
Transliteration: psychikos
Doctrine: Sanctification and Spirit-Empowered Life
Rejected alternatives: makasalanan (too generic — loses the specific ‘lacking the Spirit’ nuance)
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:19, directly contrasted with believers ‘praying in the Holy Spirit’ (1:20). Must not collapse into a generic term for sinner.
Sovereign Master
Approved rendering: Kataas-taasang Panginoon
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: plain ‘Panginoon’ alone (would collapse two distinct Greek titles into one Filipino word)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:4’s double title ‘the only Sovereign and Lord’ (despotēs + kyrios) requires two distinct Filipino terms in the same clause to preserve the deliberate rhetorical doubling denied by the false teachers.
Unbelief Exodus Generation
Approved rendering: hindi nanampalataya
Transliteration: tous mē pisteusantas
Doctrine: Unbelief and Accountability Within the Covenant Community
New term for this curriculum, built on the pananampalataya root. Jude 1:5: unbelief, not ethnicity or ritual status, is the ground of the Exodus generation’s destruction — a warning against nominal covenant membership that must be taught without exception for those within the visible community who are especially devout or sacramentally observant.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: walang-diyos / kawalang-diyos
Transliteration: asebēs / asebeia
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: masama (too generic — loses the God-directed dimension), makasalanan (collapses into general ‘sin,’ losing specificity)
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Judgment
New term for this curriculum. Recurs at 1:4, 1:15 (x2), 1:18. Must convey a fundamental orientation against God, not isolated bad conduct — the central designation of the false teachers throughout the letter.
Wavering Doubting
Approved rendering: mga nag-aalinlangan
Transliteration: diakrinomenoi
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρινόμενοι
Category: Mercy
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:22. The specific object of the mercy command: believers under the false teachers’ influence, not yet fully lost — distinct from settled unbelief or apostasy.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Apostolic Prophecy
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:17 grounds the present warning against scoffers in already-delivered apostolic teaching, reinforcing the ‘once delivered’ theme of 1:3.
Authority
Approved rendering: kapamahalaan
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: God
New term for this curriculum. Part of the fourfold doxological ascription in Jude 1:25. Must be distinguished from earthly political authority, paralleling the baseline’s Romans 13 caution.
Bondservant
Approved rendering: lingkod
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:1, the author’s self-designation. Conveys bondservant-level total devotion and submission to Christ, not a hired employee’s casual service.
Causing Divisions
Approved rendering: naghahati-hati (sa iglesia)
Transliteration: apodiorizontes
Doctrine: Church Unity versus Divisiveness
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:19. Reuses the baseline’s iglesia-over-simbahan preference; describes relational fracturing of the believing community, not an institutional or denominational dispute.
Church
Approved rendering: iglesia
Transliteration: iglesia
Doctrine: Church Unity versus Divisiveness
Rejected alternatives: simbahan
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:19 describes false teachers ‘causing divisions’ within the gathered believing community (iglesia), not the physical parish building (simbahan).
Destroyed Judgment
Approved rendering: nilipol / winasak
Transliteration: apōlesen / apōlonto
Doctrine: Unbelief and Accountability Within the Covenant Community
New term for this curriculum. Divine judgment executed on unbelief (Jude 1:5) and on the OT types of Cain, Balaam, and Korah (1:11); consistent judicial-destruction vocabulary distinct from the eternal_fire and judgment entries’ more formal-verdict sense.
Devil
Approved rendering: diyablo
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Reverence Toward Spiritual Authorities (Michael and the Devil)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:9. Standard, well-established New Testament figure with low ambiguity risk in Filipino usage.
Error Of Balaam
Approved rendering: pagkaligaw ni Balaam
Transliteration: planē tou Balaam
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: πλάνη τοῦ Βαλαάμ
Category: Old Testament Typology
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:11. Requires Numbers 22-24 background teaching; prophetic ministry corrupted by love of money, paralleling the false teachers’ financial motives.
Exodus Generation
Approved rendering: bayan mula sa Ehipto
Transliteration: laon ek gēs Aigyptou
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Rejected alternatives: Israel (bare proper name — rejected; Jude’s Greek is periphrastic, not a direct proper-name reference, and a literal proper-name substitution would lose this descriptive force)
Original: λαὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου
Category: Old Testament Typology
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:5, the first of three OT warning-types. Requires Old Testament Exodus background teaching: God’s saving act does not preclude later judgment on unbelief within the covenant community.
Hidden Reefs
Approved rendering: mga natatagong panganib
Transliteration: spilades
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: mga dungis (blemishes — a recognized textual/translation ambiguity, recorded as alternatives_considered)
Original: σπιλάδες
Category: Judgment
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:12. Genuine lexical ambiguity in the Greek manuscript tradition between ‘hidden reefs’ and ‘blemishes.’ Flagged for native speaker review per the Ambiguity Handling rule; the reef sense is preferred.
Judgment
Approved rendering: hatol
Transliteration: krima / krisis
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: Judgment
New term for this curriculum. The verdict/sentence awaiting the ungodly (1:4) and the final eschatological ‘judgment of the great day’ (1:6, 1:15).
Majesty
Approved rendering: kadakilaan
Transliteration: megalōsynē
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: God
New term for this curriculum. Part of the fourfold doxological ascription in Jude 1:25, alongside glory, dominion, and authority.
Moses
Approved rendering: Moises
Transliteration: Mōusēs
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Old Testament Typology
New entry for this curriculum’s TM (proper name not previously a standalone baseline TM key, though listed in the baseline system prompt’s transliteration standards). Jude 1:9: Michael’s dispute with the devil over Moses’ body, drawing on extrabiblical Jewish tradition.
Most Holy Faith
Approved rendering: kabanal-banalang pananampalataya
Transliteration: hagiōtatē pistei
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει
Category: Faith
New term for this curriculum, combining the inherited roots ‘banal’ and ‘pananampalataya.’ Superlative emphasis at Jude 1:20 should be retained to preserve the rhetorical weight echoing 1:3.
Once For All
Approved rendering: minsan para sa lahat
Transliteration: hapax
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: isang panahon (implies repeatability — rejected)
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Faith
New term for this curriculum. Non-repeatable, closed historical act; applies to both the giving of the faith (1:3) and God’s judgment on the Exodus generation’s unbelief (1:5).
Peace
Approved rendering: kapayapaan
Transliteration: kapayapaan
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Part of the greeting blessing in Jude 1:2 (‘mercy, peace, and love be multiplied to you’).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pagpapabanal
Transliteration: pagpapabanal
Doctrine: Sanctification and Spirit-Empowered Life
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Some manuscript traditions of Jude 1:1 read ‘sanctified by God the Father’ rather than ‘kept’; where a translation base follows that textual variant, this term applies. Otherwise relevant background for the doctrine of the Spirit’s ongoing holiness-producing work reflected in Jude 1:20.
Sin
Approved rendering: kasalanan
Transliteration: kasalanan
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτωλοί (root ἁμαρτία)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used in the compound designation ‘ungodly sinners’ (hamartōloi asebeis) at Jude 1:15 describing the false teachers; keep anchored to relational offense against a personal God, not a purely ritual category resolved through confession/absolution alone.
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: Sodoma at Gomorra
Transliteration: Sodoma kai Gomorra
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Old Testament Typology
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:7, the third of three OT warning-types. Established proper names requiring Genesis 19 background teaching; a historical, non-repeatable judgment functioning as a perpetual object lesson.
Wandering Stars
Approved rendering: mga bituing gumagala
Transliteration: asteres planētai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Judgment
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:13. Instability and lack of a fixed, trustworthy course, contrasting with the fixed, once-delivered faith of 1:3.
Way Of Cain
Approved rendering: daan ni Cain
Transliteration: hodos tou Kain
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: ὁδὸς τοῦ Κάϊν
Category: Old Testament Typology
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:11. Requires Genesis 4 background teaching; murderous jealousy and rejection of God’s terms of acceptance.
Woe
Approved rendering: Kapahamakan (sa kanila)
Transliteration: ouai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: οὐαί
Category: Judgment
New term for this curriculum. Jude 1:11. A formal, prophetic pronouncement of coming judgment/doom, not casual pity or sadness.
Low Risk Terms
Amen
Approved rendering: Amen
Transliteration: amēn
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Doxology
New TM entry for this curriculum (previously a system-prompt transliteration standard rather than a standalone baseline TM key). Jude 1:25, closing liturgical affirmation.
Beloved
Approved rendering: mga minamahal
Transliteration: agapētoi
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Original: ἀγαπητοί
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. Recurs at 1:3, 1:17, 1:20 as Jude’s affectionate address to his true audience, contrasted with the third-person description of the false teachers.
Exhort Entreat
Approved rendering: pasiglahin
Transliteration: pasiglahin
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλῶν (παρακαλέω)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly as the default encouragement-sense rendering. Per the baseline’s established context-sensitivity rule, Jude 1:3’s urgent appeal (parakalōn) to contend for the faith uses the entreaty sense and must instead be rendered ‘makiusap,’ not ‘pasiglahin,’ in that specific verse.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: pagsasamahan
Transliteration: pagsasamahan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Underlies the communal ‘love feast’ concept named in Jude 1:12, though the concrete referent there is rendered separately as ‘piging ng pag-ibig’ — see the love_feasts entry.
Jude Author Name
Approved rendering: Judas
Transliteration: Ioudas
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: Jude (English form, not the established Filipino Bible form)
New term for this curriculum. Established Filipino Bible form of the author’s name and the epistle’s title (‘Sulat ni Judas’ / the Book of Judas), identified as ‘brother of James (Santiago)’ in 1:1. Distinguish contextually from Judas Iscariot per standard Filipino Bible-translation practice; no confusion typically arises given the immediate ‘brother of James’ identification.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: propesiya
Transliteration: propesiya
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Apostolic Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Enoch ‘prophesied’ (Jude 1:14) and the apostles’ prior predictive words (1:17-18) both draw on this term’s God-inspired-declaration sense.
Referenced passages