Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Colossians (English/Greek → Filipino)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json for the Colossians curriculum. Section A lists baseline terms reused exactly as recorded (per the hard rule that established renderings MUST be reused). Section B lists new terms established for Colossians, following the same risk-tier conventions (Critical/High/Medium/Low) as the baseline.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans translation_memory.json)
| English term | Filipino rendering | Risk | Key Colossians occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | Mabuting Balita | Medium | 1:5,23; 1:6 | Unchanged |
| Grace | biyaya | High | 1:2,6; 3:13; 4:6,18 | Forbidden: utang na loob. Note: household code submission language (3:18-4:1) is a newly identified risk point for this substitution — see Section B “submit.” |
| Faith | pananampalataya | Medium | 1:4,23; 2:5,7,12 | Object of faith = Christ |
| Saints | mga banal | Critical | 1:2,4,12,26; 3:12 | Teaching note mandatory every occurrence: applies to every believer, not a canonized elite |
| Apostle | apostol | Medium | 1:1 | Unchanged |
| Church | iglesia | Medium | 1:18,24; 4:15,16 | Prefer iglesia over simbahan |
| Kingdom of God | Kaharian ng Diyos | Medium | 1:13 (“kingdom of the Son of his love”); 4:11 | Combined with son_of_god risk at 1:13 |
| Sin | kasalanan | Medium | 1:14; 2:11,13 | Unchanged |
| Gentiles | mga Hentil | Medium | 1:27 (implicit, “among the Gentiles”); background to mystery | Unchanged |
| Glory | kaluwalhatian | Medium | 1:11,27; 3:4 | Unchanged |
| Power of God | kapangyarihan ng Diyos | High | 1:11,29 | Forbidden: anting-anting |
| God | Diyos | Critical | Throughout | Forbidden: Bathala |
| Holy Spirit | Espiritu Santo | Critical | 1:8 | Forbidden: anito, bare kaluluwa |
| Father | Ama | High | 1:2,3,12; 3:17 | Unchanged |
| Jesus | Jesus | Critical | Throughout | Unchanged |
| Lord | Panginoon | Critical/High | 3:13,17,18,20,22-24; 4:1,7,17 | Unchanged; household codes are consistently re-anchored “in the Lord” |
| Son of God | Anak ng Diyos | High | 1:13 (“Son of his love”) | Unchanged |
| Resurrection | pagkabuhay na mag-uli | Medium | 1:18; 2:12; 3:1 | Unchanged; note dual nuance of Greek prōtotokos at 1:18 (see Section B) |
| Holy | banal | Medium | 1:2,22; 3:12 | Unchanged |
| Sanctification | pagpapabanal | Medium | Implicit background to 1:22, 3:12 | Unchanged |
| Election (chosen) | pagkahirang | Medium-High | 3:12 (“God’s chosen ones”) | Forbidden: swerte, kapalaran |
| Intercession | pamamagitan | Critical | Background to 4:12 | Teaching note mandatory: distinguish ordinary mutual intercessory prayer (4:12) from seeking Mary/saints as a unique mediating go-between |
| Thanksgiving | pasasalamat | Low | 1:3,12; 2:7; 3:15,17; 4:2 | Unchanged |
Section B — New Terms Established for Colossians
| English term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Filipino rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image (of God) | εἰκών | eikōn | larawan | Critical | Fullness of Deity / Supremacy of Christ | — | “Larawan”/“imahen” collide with venerated religious images (Santo Niño, Birhen). Mandatory teaching note: Christ himself, not an icon, is the essential visible image of God. |
| Invisible | ἀόρατος | aoratos | di-nakikita | Medium | Deity of Christ | — | Straightforward |
| Firstborn | πρωτότοκος | prōtotokos | panganay | Critical | Supremacy of Christ over Creation | — | Live doctrinal battleground: Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) denies Christ’s co-equal deity; mandatory teaching note that rank/inheritance, not creaturely origin, is meant. Two distinct nuances across 1:15 (rank) and 1:18 (sequential-first-to-rise) require separate handling. |
| Creation | κτίσις | ktisis | sangnilikha | Medium | Supremacy of Christ over Creation | — | Christ must not be classified within ktisis |
| Thrones/dominions/rulers/authorities | θρόνοι, κυριότητες, ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι | thronoi, kyriotētes, archai, exousiai | mga trono, kapamahalaan, pinuno, kapangyarihan | Critical | Supremacy of Christ over Creation | — | Collides with folk-spirit hierarchies (engkanto/diwata) and angel/saint intercession devotion. Christ is supreme over every rank; none requires appeasement. |
| Before all things / preeminent | πρὸ πάντων / πρωτεύω | pro pantōn / prōteuō | una sa lahat ng bagay / manguna sa lahat | High | Supremacy of Christ over Creation | — | Keep distinct in wording from panganay (prōtotokos) to preserve Paul’s layered argument |
| Hold together (sustain) | συνίστημι | synistēmi | nananatiling buo | Medium-High | Supremacy of Christ over Creation | bahala na (fatalistic passivity) | Personal, active sustaining power, not impersonal cosmic glue |
| Head (of the Church) | κεφαλή | kephalē | ulo | Medium | Christ as Head of the Church | — | Retain organic/life-source sense, not merely organizational title |
| Body (church sense) | σῶμα | sōma | katawan | Medium | Christ as Head of the Church | — | Note distinct later sense at 2:17 (“substance/reality”) — do not default to “katawan” there |
| Beginning/origin | ἀρχή | archē | pinagmulan | Medium-High | Union with Christ / Resurrection | — | Source/origin sense, not bare sequence |
| Fullness | πλήρωμα | plērōma | kapuspusan | Critical | Fullness of Deity in Christ Bodily | — | Direct counterpart to baseline’s Critical “intercession” entry: Christ ALONE holds the complete fullness; no additional mediating figures needed |
| Dwell (permanently) | κατοικέω | katoikeō | mananahan | High | Fullness of Deity in Christ Bodily | — | Permanent, essential indwelling — not episodic spirit-possession/visitation |
| Reconcile | ἀποκαταλλάσσω | apokatallassō | pagkakasundo / ipagkasundo | High | Reconciliation through the Cross | — | Not a mutual negotiated settlement; flows from Christ’s initiative alone |
| Make peace | εἰρηνοποιέω | eirēnopoieō | gumawa ng kapayapaan | Medium | Reconciliation through the Cross | — | Reuses baseline “kapayapaan” root |
| Cross | σταυρός | stauros | krus | High | Reconciliation through the Cross | — | Collides with amulet-like cross veneration and literal Lenten crucifixion/self-flagellation reenactment (penitensya) |
| Blood | αἷμα | haima | dugo | Medium | Reconciliation through the Cross | — | Comparatively well understood via Lord’s Supper practice |
| Redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις | apolytrōsis | pagtubos | High | Reconciliation through the Cross | katulad ng pagbabayad ng utang na kailangang bayaran pabalik | Not utang reciprocity; not secured via penitential acts/indulgences |
| Forgiveness (of sins) | ἄφεσις [τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν] | aphesis | kapatawaran | High | Reconciliation / Salvation | seguradong pumunta sa langit dahil sa sakramento | Tied to baseline’s Critical salvation note: received by faith, not mechanical sacrament |
| Mystery | μυστήριον | mysterion | hiwaga | Critical | Union with Christ / Warning against Syncretism | — | Not esoteric/occult secret knowledge; fully disclosed to all believers |
| Filling up Christ’s afflictions | ἀνταναπληρῶ τὰ ὑστερήματα τῶν θλίψεων τοῦ Χριστοῦ | antanaplēroō ta hysterēmata tōn thlipseōn tou Christou | pupunuin ang kakulangan sa mga paghihirap ni Kristo | Critical | Warning against Syncretism / Reconciliation through the Cross | katumbas ng pagdaragdag sa katuparan ng pagbawi ni Kristo sa kasalanan | Highest cultural-collision risk in the book: must not be read as endorsing penitensya/self-crucifixion as adding to Christ’s finished, sufficient atonement |
| Love | ἀγάπη | agapē | pag-ibig | Low | Union with Christ / Household Codes | — | Standard |
| Hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | pag-asa | Medium-High | Union with Christ | swerte, kapalaran (chance-based hoping) | Certain, promise-grounded hope, not wishful/chance-based “sana” |
| Knowledge (full/experiential) | ἐπίγνωσις | epignōsis | ganap na kaalaman | High | Warning against False Teaching | lihim na kaalaman (occult secret knowledge) | Available to all believers, not an esoteric elite |
| Wisdom | σοφία | sophia | karunungan | Medium-High | Warning against False Teaching | — | All wisdom’s treasures located in Christ (2:3) |
| Domain of darkness | ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους | exousia tou skotous | kapangyarihan ng kadiliman | High | Reconciliation / Union with Christ | — | A single, decisive rescue and kingdom-transfer, not one spirit-territory among many |
| Philosophy | φιλοσοφία | philosophia | pilosopiya | Medium-High | Warning against False Teaching | — | Targets the specific hollow Colossian speculation, not intellectual inquiry generally |
| Elemental spirits of the world | στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου | stoicheia tou kosmou | mga kapangyarihan ng sanlibutan | Critical | Warning against False Teaching and Syncretism | mga elemental (direct folk-term invocation) | Precise convergence with Filipino folk “elemental” nature-spirits (engkanto, diwata); Christ has triumphed over all such powers |
| Deity/divine nature | θεότης | theotēs | pagka-Diyos | Critical | Fullness of Deity in Christ Bodily | — | Primary proof-text for Christ’s full deity; live INC/Trinity-denial concern |
| Circumcision | περιτομή | peritomē | pagtutuli | Medium | Union with Christ | — | Spiritual, not physical, circumcision meant |
| Handwriting/certificate of debt | χειρόγραφον | cheirographon | kasulatan ng pagkakautang | High | Reconciliation through the Cross | — | Distinguish from utang na loob; God cancels OUR debt, not a reciprocal social obligation |
| Disarmed the powers / triumph | ἀπεκδυσάμενος… θριαμβεύω | apekdysamenos… thriambeuō | dinaig nang lubusan / ipinarada bilang bihag | High | Warning against Syncretism | — | Reinforces thrones/dominions entry; no spirit-power requires appeasement |
| Shadow vs. substance | σκιά / σῶμα | skia / sōma | anino / katotohanan | Medium-High | Warning against False Teaching | — | Second, distinct sense of sōma; do not render as “katawan” here |
| Humility / false self-abasement | ταπεινοφροσύνη | tapeinophrosynē | kapakumbabaan | Medium-High | Warning against Syncretism / Putting On the New Self | — | Same Filipino word serves both the condemned (2:18,23) and commended (3:12) sense — mandatory cross-chapter disambiguation note |
| Worship of angels | θρησκεία τῶν ἀγγέλων | thrēskeia tōn angelōn | pagsamba/debosyon sa mga anghel | Critical | Warning against Syncretism | — | Directly parallels baseline’s Critical saints/Mary intercession entry; extends it to popular Guardian Angel devotion |
| Self-made religion | ἐθελοθρησκία | ethelothrēskia | relihiyong likha ng tao | High | Warning against Syncretism | — | Connects to self-devised Lenten panata vows; distinguish from Spirit-produced obedience |
| Sabbath/festival/new moon | σάββατον / ἑορτή / νεομηνία | sabbaton / heortē / neomēnia | Araw ng Pamamahinga / kapistahan / bagong buwan | Medium | Warning against Syncretism | — | Not obligatory spiritual-standing markers; handle patronal fiesta culture with pastoral care |
| Put off / put on (old self/new self) | ἀπεκδύομαι / ἐνδύω | apekdyomai / endyō | hubarin / isuot | High | Putting Off the Old Self and Putting On the New | — | A completed, once-for-all reality worked out practically, not a repeatable renewal ritual |
| Old self / new self | παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / νέος ἄνθρωπος | palaios anthrōpos / neos (kainos) anthrōpos | lumang pagkatao / bagong pagkatao | Medium | Putting Off the Old Self and Putting On the New | — | Standard |
| Image of the Creator | εἰκὼν τοῦ κτίσαντος | eikōn tou ktisantos | larawan ng Lumikha | High | Putting On the New Self | — | Inherits eikōn risk from 1:15; imago Dei restoration in believers |
| Forgive (graciously) | χαρίζομαι | charizomai | magpatawad | Medium-High | Union with Christ / Household Codes | — | A free gift, not a favor incurring utang na loob toward the forgiver |
| Submit | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | pasakop | High | Household Codes | dahil sa utang na loob (owed debt-obligation) | Newly identified risk: household submission/obedience must not be reframed as utang na loob; anchor “in the Lord” (3:18,20) |
| Obey / provoke | ὑπακούω / ἐρεθίζω | hypakouō / erethizō | sumunod / mapaawa/mapagalit | Medium | Household Codes | — | Connects to Filipino paggalang family culture; same utang na loob caution applies |
| Slaves / masters | δοῦλοι / κύριοι | douloi / kyrioi | alipin / panginoon (in context) | Medium-High | Household Codes | — | Direct present-day sensitivity with kasambahay (domestic worker) relationships; text instructs conduct within, not endorsement of, the institution |
| Fairness/equity | ἰσότης | isotēs | katarungan / pantay na pagtrato | Medium | Household Codes | — | Connects to present-day domestic-worker justice concerns |
| Wrestling in prayer | ἀγωνιζόμενος ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς | agōnizomenos en tais proseuchais | nagsisikap sa panalangin para sa iba | Medium-High | Prayer and Intercession (extends baseline) | — | Ordinary mutual intercession, distinct from seeking Mary/saints as a unique mediator |
| Qualified (for inheritance) | ἱκανόω / κληρονομία | hikanoō / klēronomia | ginawang karapat-dapat / mana | Medium-High | Union with Christ / Adoption | — | God’s gracious act, not accumulated merit |
Risk Summary (New Colossians Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 | Human theologian review, every occurrence |
| High | 14 | Human theologian review |
| Medium-High | 9 | Native speaker review (theologian review recommended for flagged doctrinal collisions) |
| Medium | 10 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 2 | Automated review |
Note on cumulative risk with baseline: Section A confirms 20 baseline terms are reused unchanged. Combined with the 44 new Section B terms, this glossary governs Colossians Phase 2 translation. The three most significant NEW findings for this curriculum, not present in the Romans baseline, are: (1) the stoicheia tou kosmou / Filipino “elemental” spirits convergence, (2) the Col 1:24 “filling up Christ’s afflictions” collision with Lenten penitensya/self-crucifixion practice, and (3) the re-emergence of the utang na loob risk within Household Code submission/obedience language. All three require mandatory theologian-reviewed teaching notes in every Phase 2 occurrence.
Critical Risk Terms
Deity
Approved rendering: pagka-Diyos
Transliteration: pagka-Diyos
Doctrine: Fullness of Deity in Christ Bodily
Original: θεότης
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:9, theotēs — the essential nature/quality of being God, distinct from theos (God, the person). Coined compound built on the established root ‘Diyos.’ Must be kept distinct from, yet paired carefully with, ‘Diyos.’ This is the letter’s fullest single statement of Christ’s complete, embodied divine nature and a primary proof-text contested by Iglesia ni Cristo’s Trinity-denying apologetics; the same live doctrinal context flagged for ‘firstborn’ applies with full force here.
Elemental Spirits
Approved rendering: mga kapangyarihan ng sanlibutan
Transliteration: mga kapangyarihan ng sanlibutan
Doctrine: Warning against False Teaching and Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: mga elemental (direct folk-term invocation of engkanto/diwata nature-spirit belief)
Original: στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:8,20, stoicheia tou kosmou. An unusually precise terminological convergence: Filipino folk-spiritual belief explicitly uses the English loan-category ‘elemental’ for nature-spirits (engkanto, diwata, nuno sa punso) believed to inhabit and govern natural places. Rendered abstractly to avoid directly invoking the folk term; mandatory teaching note must explicitly name the engkanto/diwata parallel and affirm Christ has triumphed over and disarmed every such power (2:15) — believers need not fear, honor, or appease them.
Filling Up Christs Afflictions
Approved rendering: pupunuin ang kakulangan sa mga paghihirap ni Kristo, alang-alang sa iglesia
Transliteration: pupunuin ang kakulangan sa mga paghihirap ni Kristo, alang-alang sa iglesia
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Rejected alternatives: katumbas ng pagdaragdag sa katuparan ng pagbawi ni Kristo sa kasalanan (a reading implying human suffering adds atoning merit)
Original: ἀνταναπληρῶ τὰ ὑστερήματα τῶν θλίψεων τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Salvation
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:24, antanaplēroō ta hysterēmata tōn thlipseōn tou Christou. The single highest cultural-collision risk in the book: the Filipino Lenten penitensya tradition (self-flagellation, literal crucifixion reenactment) is rooted in precisely the folk-theological instinct this verse could reinforce if handled carelessly. Every occurrence requires a non-negotiable teaching note: Christ’s atonement (1:20; 2:14) is finished and fully sufficient; this verse describes suffering endured in gospel mission and fellowship with Christ’s body, not a human contribution to atonement’s value.
Firstborn
Approved rendering: panganay
Transliteration: panganay
Doctrine: The Supremacy and Sufficiency of Christ over Creation
Rejected alternatives: unang nilalang (implies Christ is God’s first created being)
Original: πρωτότοκος
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. The single highest-priority term in this book: Iglesia ni Cristo (INC), a homegrown Filipino movement with millions of adherents, denies Christ’s co-equal deity and cites this exact phrase as proof Christ is a created being. Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Tagalog New World Translation reads identically and additionally inserts a forbidden ‘iba/ibang’ (other) into 1:16-17 that this Language Package must NEVER reproduce. Mandatory teaching note every occurrence (1:15 rank-sense; 1:18 has a genuinely distinct sequential sense, ‘panganay sa mga patay,’ first to rise — these two senses must be explicitly distinguished, never silently merged) confirming rank/inheritance-right, not creaturely origin, per v.16’s own claim that Christ is Creator, not creature.
Fullness
Approved rendering: kapuspusan
Transliteration: kapuspusan
Doctrine: Fullness of Deity in Christ Bodily
Original: πλήρωμα
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:19; confirmed explicitly at 2:9. Plērōma. Direct counterpart to the baseline’s Critical intercession entry: the widespread Filipino devotional habit of adding Mary, saints, or angels alongside Christ runs precisely counter to this text. Mandatory teaching note every occurrence: Christ ALONE holds the complete fullness of deity; nothing needs to be added.
Image Of God
Approved rendering: larawan
Transliteration: larawan
Doctrine: The Supremacy and Sufficiency of Christ over Creation
Rejected alternatives: imahen
Original: εἰκών
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:15, ‘the image of the invisible God.’ Larawan/imahen occupy the same semantic field as venerated religious images and statues (Santo Niño, Birhen). Mandatory teaching note every occurrence: Christ HIMSELF, not a statue or icon representing him, is the essential, living image of God. Native root larawan preferred over the Spanish loanword imahen, which leans even more strongly toward the physical-statue sense.
Intercession
Approved rendering: pamamagitan
Transliteration: pamamagitan
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἀγωνία / ἔντευξις (implicit)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians background to 1:9, 4:2-4, and 4:12 (Epaphras ‘wrestling in prayer’). Mandatory teaching note distinguishing this commended, ordinary mutual intercession from pamamagitan ng mga santo (seeking Mary or a saint as a unique mediating go-between) — the two uses of intercession-type language must never be conflated.
Mystery
Approved rendering: hiwaga
Transliteration: hiwaga
Doctrine: Mystery Revealed to the Saints
Rejected alternatives: misteryo (imports the Rosary’s ‘Mga Misteryo’ esoteric-secrecy association even more directly)
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:26-27; 2:2; 4:3, mysterion. Hiwaga strongly connotes esoteric secret knowledge in Filipino usage — occult mysteries, the Rosary’s ‘Misteryo,’ or anting-anting inscriptions. Mandatory teaching note every occurrence: Paul’s mystery is a truth God has FULLY and OPENLY disclosed to all believers, the opposite of a secret reserved for an inner circle.
Saints
Approved rendering: mga banal
Transliteration: mga banal
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mandatory teaching note every Colossians occurrence (1:2,4,12,26; 3:12): designates every believer set apart in Christ, not the canonized, feast-day-venerated class of Filipino Catholic sainthood.
Thrones Dominions Rulers Authorities
Approved rendering: mga trono, kapamahalaan, pinuno, kapangyarihan
Transliteration: mga trono, kapamahalaan, pinuno, kapangyarihan
Doctrine: The Supremacy and Sufficiency of Christ over Creation
Rejected alternatives: mga espiritu (a single collapsed term that loses the exhaustive, undifferentiated-list force of Paul’s four distinct Greek terms)
Original: θρόνοι, κυριότητες, ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:16; reinforced at 2:10,15. Twofold Filipino-specific collision: (1) folk-spiritual ranked spirit-hierarchies (engkanto, diwata, anito) believed to govern places and require appeasement; (2) devotional veneration of angels and saints as ranked intermediary powers (parallels the baseline’s Critical intercession entry). Mandatory teaching note every occurrence: Christ is supreme over every such rank; none requires placating, honoring, or mediating access to God.
Worship Of Angels
Approved rendering: pagsamba / debosyon sa mga anghel
Transliteration: pagsamba / debosyon sa mga anghel
Doctrine: Warning against False Teaching and Syncretism
Original: θρησκεία τῶν ἀγγέλων
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:18, thrēskeia tōn angelōn. Directly parallels the baseline’s Critical intercession entry regarding Mary and the saints, extended explicitly to the extremely popular Filipino Guardian Angel devotion (‘Anghel de la Guardia’), taught even to small children. Mandatory teaching note every occurrence: Paul warns against ANY devotional shift of confidence away from Christ alone toward intermediary spiritual beings, angelic or otherwise.
High Risk Terms
Certificate Of Debt
Approved rendering: kasulatan ng pagkakautang
Transliteration: kasulatan ng pagkakautang
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Original: χειρόγραφον
Category: Salvation
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:14, cheirographon — the legal record of humanity’s debt of guilt, cancelled and nailed to the cross. Must be explicitly distinguished from utang na loob: God cancels OUR debt to Him at Christ’s cost; it does not create a reciprocal social debt the forgiven owes back.
Continue In The Faith
Approved rendering: manatili sa pananampalataya
Transliteration: manatili sa pananampalataya
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: ἐπιμένετε τῇ πίστει
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:23, epimenete tē pistei. Must be taught as evidence of genuine faith, not a works-based condition earning salvation’s security; a careless rendering risks reinforcing a folk-Catholic sense that salvation must be continually re-earned through ongoing religious performance.
Cross
Approved rendering: krus
Transliteration: krus
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Original: σταυρός
Category: Salvation
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:20; 2:14. Collides with intense Filipino Holy Week devotional practice: cross amulets/protective displays, roadside memorial crosses, and literal crucifixion/self-flagellation reenactment (penitensya, San Fernando, Pampanga). Mandatory teaching note every occurrence: names the historical event and means of Christ’s unique, sufficient, once-for-all atoning death, not a talismanic object or a suffering to be ritually re-performed for merit.
Disarmed The Powers
Approved rendering: dinaig nang lubusan / hayagang ipinarada bilang bihag
Transliteration: dinaig nang lubusan / hayagang ipinarada bilang bihag
Doctrine: Warning against False Teaching and Syncretism
Original: ἀπεκδυσάμενος τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ἐξουσίας / θριαμβεύω
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:15, apekdysamenos tas archas kai tas exousias / thriambeuō. Reinforces the thrones_dominions_rulers_authorities entry: total, public, humiliating defeat of every spiritual power opposing God at the cross; no such power requires fear or appeasement.
Domain Of Darkness
Approved rendering: kapangyarihan ng kadiliman
Transliteration: kapangyarihan ng kadiliman
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Original: ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:13, exousia tou skotous. Risks colliding with Filipino folk belief in literal territorial spirits (multo, engkanto) tied to specific places, reducing this to ‘one spirit-territory among many to negotiate with’ rather than the single, decisive, one-time rescue and kingdom-transfer it actually describes.
Dwell Permanently
Approved rendering: mananahan
Transliteration: mananahan
Doctrine: Fullness of Deity in Christ Bodily
Original: κατοικέω
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:19; 2:9. Katoikeō, settled/permanent indwelling (vs. paroikeō, temporary sojourning). Distinguish from folk-spiritual ideas of episodic spirit-possession of a person, object, or relic; teaches permanent, essential, whole indwelling of deity in Christ himself.
Father
Approved rendering: Ama
Transliteration: Ama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:2,3,12; 3:17.
Forgive Graciously
Approved rendering: magpatawad
Transliteration: magpatawad
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: bilang utang na loob (as a debt of gratitude)
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 3:13, charizomai. ‘Forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive.’ Must be explicitly tied to the grace entry: this is a free gift, not a favor placing the forgiven party in an utang na loob obligation toward the one who forgives.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: kapatawaran
Transliteration: kapatawaran
Doctrine: Redemption and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: seguradong pumunta sa langit dahil sa sakramento
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:14; 2:13-14 (cancelling a legal debt record). Directly tied to the baseline’s Critical salvation caution: must be distinguished from a folk-Catholic view that confession/absolution mechanically secures pardon apart from genuine faith.
God
Approved rendering: Diyos
Transliteration: Diyos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Bathala
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used throughout Colossians. Must be kept doctrinally distinct from, yet consistently paired with, the new Colossians term ‘pagka-Diyos’ (deity/divine nature) at 2:9 — see below.
Grace
Approved rendering: biyaya
Transliteration: biyaya
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: utang na loob
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians extends the utang na loob caution into 3:13’s forgiveness command (‘forgive as the Lord forgave you’) and into the newly identified Household Codes submission/obedience risk (3:18-4:1) — see ‘submit’ and ‘forgive_graciously’ below.
Head
Approved rendering: ulo
Transliteration: ulo
Doctrine: Christ as Head of the Church
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Church
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:18, ‘the head of the body, the church’; also 2:10,19. Ulo transfers naturally via the Filipino ‘ulo ng pamilya’ idiom, but risks flattening into a merely organizational/administrative title (a parish’s puno, a barangay official) rather than the organic, life-giving source-relationship Paul intends.
Hold Together
Approved rendering: nananatiling buo ang lahat ng bagay sa kanya
Transliteration: nananatiling buo ang lahat ng bagay sa kanya
Doctrine: Providence (Christ’s Sustaining Power over All Things)
Rejected alternatives: bahala na
Original: συνίστημι
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:17, synistēmi. Christ’s present, active, personal sustaining of the universe’s coherence, not past creation only. A static or impersonal rendering risks reducing this to cosmic ‘glue’ — the same caution the baseline records against bahala na (fatalistic resignation) under ‘providence.’ Teach as personal governance, consistent with but distinct from that baseline doctrine.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espiritu Santo
Transliteration: Espiritu Santo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: anito, kaluluwa
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:8, the source of the Colossians’ reported love.
Hope
Approved rendering: pag-asa
Transliteration: pag-asa
Doctrine: Union with Christ (Died and Raised With Him)
Rejected alternatives: swerte, kapalaran
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:5,27, elpis. Ordinary Filipino usage of pag-asa/‘sana’ can carry a chance-based, uncertain-outcome flavor, risking assimilation of biblical hope to the same fatalistic/luck-based framing the baseline already warns against for election. Teaching note required: this hope is a certainty secured by God’s promise, not a wish subject to chance.
Humility
Approved rendering: kapakumbabaan
Transliteration: kapakumbabaan
Doctrine: Putting Off the Old Self and Putting On the New
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:18,23 (condemned, showy false self-abasement tied to angel-worship) vs. 3:12 (commended, genuine Spirit-produced virtue) — the SAME Filipino word carries opposite valuations. Mandatory cross-chapter disambiguation note required every occurrence, since no separate Filipino word exists to split the two senses.
Image Of The Creator
Approved rendering: larawan ng Lumikha
Transliteration: larawan ng Lumikha
Doctrine: Putting Off the Old Self and Putting On the New
Original: εἰκὼν τοῦ κτίσαντος
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 3:10, eikōn tou ktisantos. Reuses eikōn from 1:15 now applied to believers restored into the true Image (Christ), reflecting God’s original creation purpose (Gen 1:26-27). Inherits the image_of_god risk noted at 1:15.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The subject of the letter’s Christological climax, Colossians 1:15-20.
Knowledge Full
Approved rendering: ganap na kaalaman
Transliteration: ganap na kaalaman
Doctrine: Warning against False Teaching and Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: lihim na kaalaman (occult secret knowledge)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:9-10; 2:2, epignōsis. Must not be rendered as, or associated with, secret/esoteric knowledge available only to an inner circle — a live risk given Filipino recourse to psychics, faith healers, and esoteric/occult groups claiming access to hidden knowledge.
Lord
Approved rendering: Panginoon
Transliteration: Panginoon
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians repeatedly re-anchors Household Code instructions ‘in the Lord’ / ‘pleasing to the Lord’ (3:18,20,22-24; 4:1,7,17) — this anchoring phrase must never be dropped in translation; its removal is what opens the door to an utang na loob misreading of submission/obedience.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: kapangyarihan ng Diyos
Transliteration: kapangyarihan ng Diyos
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: anting-anting
Original: δύναμις / κράτος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:11,29 (dynamis and kratos both subsumed under this rendering).
Preeminence
Approved rendering: una sa lahat ng bagay / manguna sa lahat
Transliteration: una sa lahat ng bagay / manguna sa lahat
Doctrine: The Supremacy and Sufficiency of Christ over Creation
Original: πρὸ πάντων / πρωτεύω
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:17 (‘before all things,’ pro pantōn — timeless preexistence, not first-in-a-sequence) and 1:18 (‘preeminent,’ prōteuō). Must be kept distinct in wording from panganay so Paul’s three-term layered argument (rank / preexistence / preeminence) is not collapsed into a single Filipino root ‘una.‘
Put Off Put On
Approved rendering: hubarin / isuot
Transliteration: hubarin / isuot
Doctrine: Putting Off the Old Self and Putting On the New
Original: ἀπεκδύομαι / ἐνδύω
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 3:9-10,12, apekdyomai / endyō. A decisive, once-for-all identity change grounded in having already died/been raised with Christ (3:1-3). Risks assimilation to a repeatable seasonal renewal ritual (annual Lenten panata vows) rather than a completed spiritual reality worked out practically.
Reconcile
Approved rendering: pagkakasundo / ipagkasundo
Transliteration: pagkakasundo / ipagkasundo
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Rejected alternatives: kasunduan (implies a mutually negotiated settlement between two equal parties)
Original: ἀποκαταλλάσσω
Category: Salvation
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:20-22, apokatallassō. Must be taught as Christ’s unilateral, grace-initiated act, not a negotiated settlement, and distinguished from justification’s narrower forensic-pardon sense.
Redemption
Approved rendering: pagtubos
Transliteration: pagtubos
Doctrine: Redemption and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: katulad ng pagbabayad ng utang na kailangang bayaran pabalik (a repayable-debt framing)
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:14, apolytrōsis. Must not be assimilated to (a) the utang na loob reciprocity logic forbidden for grace — this is Christ paying FOR believers, not them repaying a debt — or (b) folk-Catholic reliance on penitential acts or indulgences to secure release from sin’s penalty.
Self Made Religion
Approved rendering: relihiyong likha ng tao
Transliteration: relihiyong likha ng tao
Doctrine: Warning against False Teaching and Syncretism
Original: ἐθελοθρησκία
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:23, ethelothrēskia. Human-devised religious rules with an appearance of piety but no true spiritual value (2:21,23). Connects to Filipino folk-Catholic self-devised penitential vows (panata); teaching note must distinguish Spirit-produced obedience from self-generated religious performance.
Slaves Masters
Approved rendering: alipin / panginoon
Transliteration: alipin / panginoon
Doctrine: Household Codes
Original: δοῦλοι / κύριοι
Category: Household Codes
New term for Colossians. Colossians 3:22-4:1, douloi / kyrioi, radically equalized by 3:11 and 4:1. While the Philippines lacks the exact Greco-Roman institution, historical debt-bondage (hacienda-era utusan) and the contemporary kasambahay (domestic worker) relationship give this passage direct present-day sensitivity. Teaching must clarify the text instructs conduct within an existing structure under Christ’s equalizing lordship, not an endorsement of the institution, and must not be misapplied to justify exploitative treatment of domestic workers today.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Anak ng Diyos
Transliteration: Anak ng Diyos
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:13, ‘the Son of his love.’ Must not be read, per Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) apologetics, as an honorific title for a subordinate created being.
Submit
Approved rendering: pasakop
Transliteration: pasakop
Doctrine: Household Codes
Rejected alternatives: dahil sa utang na loob (owed debt-obligation)
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household Codes
New term for Colossians. Colossians 3:18, hypotassō. Newly identified risk for this curriculum: household submission risks being reframed through the deeply held Filipino utang na loob debt-of-gratitude framework rather than ‘as is fitting in the Lord.’ Mandatory teaching note every occurrence distinguishing Christ-centered household submission from the utang na loob social-debt framework; the ‘in the Lord’ anchor (3:18) must never be dropped.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: karunungan
Transliteration: karunungan
Doctrine: Warning against False Teaching and Syncretism
Original: σοφία
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:9,28; 2:3,23; 3:16; 4:5, sophia. Must be taught with 2:3’s exclusive location of wisdom’s treasures in Christ explicitly in view, contrasted with wisdom sought from psychics or faith healers.
Wrestling In Prayer
Approved rendering: nagsisikap sa panalangin para sa iba
Transliteration: nagsisikap sa panalangin para sa iba
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἀγωνιζόμενος ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 4:12, agōnizomenos en tais proseuchais — Epaphras’s earnest, ongoing intercessory prayer for the Colossian church. Mandatory teaching note distinguishing this commended, ordinary mutual intercessory prayer from seeking a saint or Mary as a unique mediating go-between; must not be conflated even though both use ‘intercession’-type language in English.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostol
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:1.
Beginning Origin
Approved rendering: pinagmulan
Transliteration: pinagmulan
Doctrine: Union with Christ (Died and Raised With Him)
Original: ἀρχή
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:18, archē — Christ as the originating source of the new resurrection order. Must not be reduced to bare temporal sequence (‘first in line’); convey origin/source.
Blameless
Approved rendering: walang dungis / walang kapintasan
Transliteration: walang dungis / walang kapintasan
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Sanctification
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:22, amōmos — sacrificial ‘without blemish’ imagery. Status secured by Christ’s reconciling work, connecting to sanctification and imputed righteousness.
Blood
Approved rendering: dugo
Transliteration: dugo
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Original: αἷμα
Category: Salvation
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:20. Comparatively well understood via Filipino Christian Lord’s Supper practice.
Body Church
Approved rendering: katawan
Transliteration: katawan
Doctrine: Christ as Head of the Church
Original: σῶμα
Category: Church
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:18,24; 2:19; 3:15. Sōma is used with a DIFFERENT sense at 2:17 (‘substance/reality’ vs. shadow) — do not default to katawan there; use ‘anino / katotohanan’ instead (see shadow_and_substance below).
Church
Approved rendering: iglesia
Transliteration: iglesia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: simbahan
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:18,24; 4:15,16. Iglesia (the gathered people) preferred over simbahan (the physical building).
Circumcision
Approved rendering: pagtutuli
Transliteration: pagtutuli
Doctrine: Union with Christ (Died and Raised With Him)
Original: περιτομή
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:11, peritomē. Also a common Filipino cultural rite of passage for boys, though not itself religious; teaching note that Paul means a spiritual, not physical, circumcision.
Creation
Approved rendering: sangnilikha
Transliteration: sangnilikha
Doctrine: The Supremacy and Sufficiency of Christ over Creation
Rejected alternatives: nilalang (risks placing Christ grammatically inside the created category as ‘firstborn among created things’)
Original: κτίσις
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:15,16. Must not imply Christ is classified within the created order he precedes and creates.
Election
Approved rendering: pagkahirang
Transliteration: pagkahirang
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: swerte, kapalaran
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 3:12, ‘God’s chosen ones.‘
Fairness Equity
Approved rendering: katarungan / pantay na pagtrato
Transliteration: katarungan / pantay na pagtrato
Doctrine: Household Codes
Original: ἰσότης / τὰ δίκαια
Category: Household Codes
New term for Colossians. Colossians 4:1, isotēs / ta dikaia. ‘Masters, treat your slaves justly and fairly, knowing that you also have a Master in heaven.’ Connects to present-day kasambahay justice concerns.
Faith
Approved rendering: pananampalataya
Transliteration: pananampalataya
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Object of faith is Christ throughout Colossians (1:4,23; 2:5,7,12).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: mga Hentil
Transliteration: mga Hentil
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:27, implicit background to the mystery now revealed among the Gentiles.
Glory
Approved rendering: kaluwalhatian
Transliteration: kaluwalhatian
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:11,27; 3:4.
Gospel
Approved rendering: Mabuting Balita
Transliteration: mabuting balita
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians occurrences: 1:5,6,23. Comparatively low syncretism risk relative to this book’s new Critical Christological terms.
Holy
Approved rendering: banal
Transliteration: banal
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:2,22; 3:12.
Invisible
Approved rendering: di-nakikita
Transliteration: di-nakikita
Doctrine: The Supremacy and Sufficiency of Christ over Creation
Original: ἀόρατος
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:15, describing God’s essential nature, the backdrop against which Christ is the visible image. Straightforward; low collision risk.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kaharian ng Diyos
Transliteration: Kaharian ng Diyos
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:13 specifies ‘Kaharian ng kinamamahalang Anak niya’ (kingdom of the Son of his love) and 4:11; combines with the High-risk son_of_god entry at 1:13.
Make Peace
Approved rendering: gumawa ng kapayapaan
Transliteration: gumawa ng kapayapaan
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Original: εἰρηνοποιέω
Category: Salvation
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:20, eirēnopoieō. Active accomplishment of peace through the cross, built on the baseline ‘kapayapaan’ noun root; not passive absence of conflict.
Obey Provoke
Approved rendering: sumunod / huwag mapaawa o mapagalit
Transliteration: sumunod / huwag mapaawa o mapagalit
Doctrine: Household Codes
Original: ὑπακούω / ἐρεθίζω
Category: Household Codes
New term for Colossians. Colossians 3:20-21, hypakouō / erethizō. Children obeying parents ‘for this pleases the Lord’; fathers warned not to provoke/embitter their children. Connects to Filipino family-respect culture (paggalang); the same utang na loob caution noted under ‘submit’ applies here.
Old Self New Self
Approved rendering: lumang pagkatao / bagong pagkatao
Transliteration: lumang pagkatao / bagong pagkatao
Doctrine: Putting Off the Old Self and Putting On the New
Original: παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / νέος (καινός) ἄνθρωπος
Category: Christology
New term for Colossians. Colossians 3:9-10, palaios anthrōpos / neos (kainos) anthrōpos. Standard rendering; low collision risk beyond the broader identity-change teaching noted above.
Peace
Approved rendering: kapayapaan
Transliteration: kapayapaan
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:2 (greeting) and 3:15 (‘let the peace of Christ rule… in one body’) — the noun root for the new term ‘make_peace’ (eirēnopoieō) below.
Philosophy
Approved rendering: pilosopiya
Transliteration: pilosopiya
Doctrine: Warning against False Teaching and Syncretism
Original: φιλοσοφία
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:8, philosophia. Teaching note must specify the target is the specific hollow Colossian speculation, not intellectual inquiry generally, to avoid encouraging anti-intellectualism.
Qualified For Inheritance
Approved rendering: ginawang karapat-dapat / mana
Transliteration: ginawang karapat-dapat / mana
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance in God’s Family
Original: ἱκανόω / κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:12, hikanoō / klēronomia — ‘the Father, who has qualified you to share in the inheritance of the saints.’ God himself makes believers qualified; not self-achieved worthiness. Connects to the baseline adoption doctrine.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: pagkabuhay na mag-uli
Transliteration: pagkabuhay na mag-uli
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:18; 2:12; 3:1. Note the distinct nuance of Greek prōtotokos (‘firstborn’) at 1:18 — genuinely sequential (first to rise), unlike its rank-sense at 1:15 (see ‘firstborn’ below); do not let one Filipino gloss silently merge both senses.
Sabbath Festival New Moon
Approved rendering: Araw ng Pamamahinga / kapistahan / bagong buwan
Transliteration: Araw ng Pamamahinga / kapistahan / bagong buwan
Doctrine: Warning against False Teaching and Syncretism
Original: σάββατον / ἑορτή / νεομηνία
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:16, sabbaton / heortē / neomēnia. Pastoral sensitivity needed given the deep cultural weight of town patronal fiestas (kapistahan) in Filipino life; the point is these are not obligatory spiritual-standing markers, not that cultural celebration itself is wrong.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pagpapabanal
Transliteration: pagpapabanal
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός (implicit)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Implicit background to Colossians 1:22, 3:12.
Shadow And Substance
Approved rendering: anino / katotohanan
Transliteration: anino / katotohanan
Doctrine: Warning against False Teaching and Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: katawan (would collapse this distinct sense of sōma into the ‘body_church’ sense)
Original: σκιά / σῶμα
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 2:17, skia / sōma. Old covenant festivals/Sabbath/dietary law were ‘a shadow’; the reality (sōma) belongs to Christ. This is a DIFFERENT sense of sōma than 1:18/1:24 (‘body’); translators must not default to katawan here.
Sin
Approved rendering: kasalanan
Transliteration: kasalanan
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:14; 2:11,13.
Low Risk Terms
Love
Approved rendering: pag-ibig
Transliteration: pag-ibig
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:4,8; 3:14. Standard, well-established Filipino Christian vocabulary; agapē distinct from erotic or merely familial affection.
Minister Ministry
Approved rendering: lingkod / paglilingkod
Transliteration: lingkod / paglilingkod
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: διάκονος / διακονία
Category: Church
New term for Colossians. Colossians 1:23,25; 4:7,17, diakonos / diakonia. General term for gospel service; not a later fixed ecclesiastical office.
Open Door For The Word
Approved rendering: pintuan para sa Salita
Transliteration: pintuan para sa Salita
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations / Proclamation of the Word
Original: θύρα τοῦ λόγου
Category: Church
New term for Colossians. Colossians 4:3, thyra tou logou. Standard missional metaphor, paired with ‘walk in wisdom toward outsiders’ (4:5).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: pasasalamat
Transliteration: pasasalamat
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Colossians 1:3,12; 2:7; 3:15,17; 4:2.
Referenced passages