Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Corinthians (Javanese)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 1 Corinthians chapters 1–16. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [REUSED] and carry their exact baseline rendering and risk tier unchanged. Terms new to the 1 Corinthians curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for addition to translation memory at the start of Phase 2, pending the standard version-increment and theologian sign-off for Critical/High entries per the AI Translation Requirements’ Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Legend
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low (per baseline
doctrine_risk_registry.jsondefinitions) - Status: [REUSED] = baseline TM term, unchanged; [NEW] = proposed 1 Corinthians-specific addition
- Ch.: chapter(s) where the term is load-bearing
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Javanese Rendering | Doctrine | Risk | Status | Ch. | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | Injil | Gospel | Medium | [REUSED] | 1,9,15 | Reused exactly from TM. |
| 2 | Grace | χάρις | sih-rahmat | Grace | Critical | [REUSED] | 1,3,15,16 | Never kasekten, wahyu, utang budi. Rom 15:10 is a peak-density occurrence requiring theologian review. |
| 3 | Faith / believed | πίστις / πιστεύω | pitados | Faith | Medium | [REUSED] | 1,2,13,15 | Object of faith (the risen Christ) must be explicit in context. |
| 4 | Salvation / saved | σωτηρία / σῴζω | kaslametan | Salvation | Critical | [REUSED] | 1,15 | Mandatory translator note distinguishing from slametan ritual meal, every occurrence. |
| 5 | Sin | ἁμαρτία | dosa | Universal Human Accountability | High | [REUSED] | 15 | Anchored to moral transgression before a personal God. |
| 6 | Church | ἐκκλησία | pasamuwan | Church as God’s People | Medium | [REUSED] | 1,5,10,11,12,14,15,16 | Never punden. |
| 7 | Apostle | ἀπόστολος | utusan | Apostleship | Medium | [REUSED] | 1,4,9,12,15 | Never rasul. |
| 8 | Saints | ἅγιοι | para suci | Sainthood | Medium | [REUSED] | 1,6,16 | Never wali. |
| 9 | Holy | ἅγιος | suci | Sanctification | High | [REUSED] | 1,3,6,7 | Root of new compounds kasucekaken, padaleman suci. |
| 10 | Called / calling | κλητός / κλῆσις | katimbalan / katimbalanipun Gusti Allah | Divine Calling | High | [REUSED] | 1,7 | Never wahyu. |
| 11 | Fellowship | κοινωνία | patunggilan | Christian Fellowship | Low | [REUSED] | 1,10 | Shared participation, not mere social association. |
| 12 | Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | Kratoning Gusti Allah | Kingdom Mission | Medium | [REUSED] | 4,6,15 | Distinguish from an earthly keraton. |
| 13 | Law | νόμος | angger-anggering Toret | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Medium | [REUSED] | 9,14 | Anchored to Mosaic Torah, not generic religious law. |
| 14 | Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | pamuji sukur | Thanksgiving | Low | [REUSED] | 1,14,15 | Standard term. |
| 15 | God | θεός | Gusti Allah | Deity of Christ | Critical | [REUSED] | throughout | Never bare Gusti. |
| 16 | Lord | κύριος | Gusti | Lordship of Christ | High | [REUSED] | throughout | Requires context of exclusive supreme Lordship. |
| 17 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Gusti Yesus | Lordship of Christ | Critical | [REUSED] | throughout | Never Nabi Isa. |
| 18 | Christ | Χριστός | Kristus | Messianic Promise / Deity of Christ | Critical | [NEW — proper title, established transliteration standard] | throughout | Always paired with Gusti Yesus in full confessional contexts; never a bare honorific. |
| 19 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Roh Suci | Sanctification | Critical | [REUSED] | 2,3,6,12,14 | Never dhemit or lelembut. |
| 20 | Resurrection (of Christ/believers) | ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω | wungu saka pati | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Critical | [REUSED] | 15 | Never titisan or reinkarnasi; core-passage anchor term. |
| 21 | Power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | panguwaosipun Gusti Allah | Power of God for Salvation | Critical | [REUSED] | 1,12 | Never kasekten. |
| 22 | Spiritual gifts | χαρίσματα | peparing Roh Suci | Spiritual Gifts | Medium | [REUSED] | 7,12 | Never kasekten. |
| 23 | Righteousness / justified | δικαιοσύνη / δικαιόω | kabeneran / kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah | Salvation | Critical | [REUSED] | 6 | No deviation permitted. |
| 24 | Sanctified (verb) | ἁγιάζω | kasucekaken | Sanctification | High | [NEW — verb form built on TM root “suci”] | 6,7 | Distinguish from ritual purification; requires clarifying note in 7:14’s relational (not salvific) sense. |
| 25 | Washed | ἀπολούω | kabirat | Salvation | Medium | [NEW] | 6 | Distinguish from siraman ceremonial bathing. |
| 26 | Bought with a price | ἀγοράζω τιμῆς | tinuku kanthi rega | Christian Identity in Christ | High | [NEW] | 6 | Establishes Christ’s ownership/lordship, not a repayable utang budi debt. |
| 27 | Factions / divisions | σχίσμα | pasulayan | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | High | [NEW] | 1,3,11 | Risk of reinforcing patron-client faction loyalty (bapakism); must be taught as sin against the body’s unity. |
| 28 | Wisdom | σοφία | kawicaksanan | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | High | [NEW] | 1,2,3 | Distinguish from kejawen ngèlmu/kawruh sejati attained through ascetic discipline. |
| 29 | Foolishness | μωρία | kabodhoan | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | Low | [NEW] | 1,3 | |
| 30 | Cross | σταυρός | salib | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | Medium-High | [NEW] | 1 | Never a talismanic power-object (kasekten) parallel to a sacred keris. |
| 31 | Mystery (of God) | μυστήριον | wewadi / wewadinipun Gusti Allah | Inspiration of Scripture | High | [NEW] | 2,4,13(implicit),15 | Distinguish from guru-murid esoteric ngèlmu transmission; God’s mystery is publicly revealed. |
| 32 | Spiritual (adj.) | πνευματικός | rohani | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | Medium-High | [NEW] | 2,3,9,10,12,14,15 | Spirit-given discernment, not generic mystical intuition. |
| 33 | Natural/unspiritual person | ψυχικός ἄνθρωπος | manungsa kajiwan | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | High | [NEW] | 2 | Collision risk with kejawen soul-anatomy (jiwa/nyawa/roh/sukma/rasa). |
| 34 | Mind of Christ | νοῦς Χριστοῦ | pikiranipun Gusti Kristus | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | Medium | [NEW] | 2 | |
| 35 | Carnal / fleshly | σαρκικός | kadagingan | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | Medium | [NEW] | 3 | |
| 36 | Temple (of God / of the Spirit) | ναός | padaleman suci | Church Discipline and Holiness | High | [NEW] | 3,6 | Never punden (village spirit shrine). |
| 37 | Fire will test | πῦρ δοκιμάσει | geni bakal mbuktekaken | Church Discipline and Holiness | Medium | [NEW] | 3 | |
| 38 | Steward | οἰκονόμος | juru tata | Christ-Centered Ministry | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 4 | |
| 39 | Sexual immorality | πορνεία | laku jina | Church Discipline and Holiness | Medium | [NEW] | 5,6 | |
| 40 | Hand over to Satan | παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ | pasrahaken dhateng Iblis | Church Discipline and Holiness | Medium-High | [NEW] | 5 | Restorative discipline, not a curse ritual. |
| 41 | Leaven / unleavened | ζύμη / ἄζυμος | ragi / tanpa ragi | Church Discipline and Holiness | Low | [NEW] | 5 | |
| 42 | Christ our Passover | τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν … Χριστός | Kurbaning Paskah kita, inggih Sang Kristus | Church Discipline and Holiness | Medium-High | [NEW] | 5 | ”Paskah” ambiguity risk with contemporary Easter usage; requires disambiguating note. |
| 43 | Body (general) | σῶμα | badan | The Lord’s Supper / Marriage and Singleness / Spiritual Gifts | Medium | [NEW] | 6,7,11,12,15 | Foundational term reused across multiple doctrines; register consistency required. |
| 44 | Marriage | γάμος | palakrama | Marriage and Singleness | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 7 | |
| 45 | Unmarried / singleness | ἄγαμος | mboten palakrama | Marriage and Singleness | Low | [NEW] | 7 | |
| 46 | Conjugal duty | ὀφειλή | wajibing bebrayan | Marriage and Singleness | Medium | [NEW] | 7 | Not to be confused with the negative utang budi reciprocity flagged under Grace. |
| 47 | Virgin | παρθένος | prawan | Marriage and Singleness | Low | [NEW] | 7 | |
| 48 | Food offered to idols | εἰδωλόθυτον | kang sampun kasaosaken dhateng brahala | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | High | [NEW] | 8,10 | Direct analogue to sajen offerings at punden/danyang sites; requires pastoral framing. |
| 49 | Knowledge | γνῶσις | kawruh | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | High | [NEW] | 8 | Distinguish from kejawen/kebatinan esoteric mystical gnosis. |
| 50 | Conscience | συνείδησις | kalbu | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Medium-High | [NEW] | 8,10 | Chosen over batin to avoid kejawen mystical-faculty (rasa) collision. |
| 51 | Liberty / right | ἐξουσία | wewenang | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Medium | [NEW] | 8,9 | A genuine right voluntarily restrained by love, not license. |
| 52 | Stumbling block | πρόσκομμα | sandhungan | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 8 | |
| 53 | Self-control | ἐγκράτεια | ngempet dhiri | Christ-Centered Ministry | High | [NEW] | 9 | Collision risk with ascetic tapa/tirakat practiced to attain kasekten/kasampurnan. |
| 54 | Reward / imperishable crown | μισθός / στέφανος ἄφθαρτος | pituwas / makuthaning kamenangan kang boten badhé rusak | Christ-Centered Ministry | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 9 | |
| 55 | Idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | panyembahing brahala | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | High | [NEW] | 10 | |
| 56 | Testing God | ἐκπειράζω | nyobi Gusti Allah | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Medium | [NEW] | 10 | |
| 57 | The Rock was Christ | ἡ πέτρα … ὁ Χριστός | Sela punika Sang Kristus | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Medium | [NEW] | 10 | Requires OT wilderness-narrative background note. |
| 58 | Demons | δαιμόνιον | para dhemit | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Critical | [NEW] | 10 | Highest-risk folk-cosmology collision term in the book; mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| 59 | Table of the Lord / demons | τράπεζα κυρίου / δαιμονίων | mejanipun Gusti / mejanipun para dhemit | The Lord’s Supper | High | [NEW] | 10 | |
| 60 | Tradition(s) | παράδοσις | piwulang ingkang katampi | Order in Worship | Medium | [NEW] | 11 | Distinguish from generic adat custom. |
| 61 | Head / headship | κεφαλή | sesirah | Order in Worship | Medium-High | [NEW] | 11 | Not to be absolutized via priyayi household hierarchy. |
| 62 | Head covering / veil | κατακαλύπτω / περιβόλαιον | kudhung | Order in Worship | Medium | [NEW] | 11 | Distinguish the honor-symbol principle from a legal mandate parallel to hijab practice. |
| 63 | The Lord’s Supper | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον | Bujana Gusti | The Lord’s Supper | Critical | [NEW] | 11 | Structural collision with slametan ritual meal; mandatory translator note and theologian review every occurrence, paralleling kaslametan. |
| 64 | Remembrance (of me) | ἀνάμνησις | pangéling-éling | The Lord’s Supper | High | [NEW] | 11 | Distinguish from nyadran/kenduri ancestor-commemoration meals. |
| 65 | Unworthy manner / discerning the body | ἀναξίως / διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα | kanthi mboten patut / mbedakaken Sarira | The Lord’s Supper | Medium-High | [NEW] | 11 | |
| 66 | Body of Christ (corporate) | σῶμα Χριστοῦ | Sarira Kristus | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | High | [NEW] | 12 | Distinguish from manunggaling kawula gusti pantheistic-fusion teaching. |
| 67 | Members | μέλη | peranganing badan | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 12 | |
| 68 | Manifestation of the Spirit | φανέρωσις τοῦ πνεύματος | pratandhaning Roh Suci | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 12 | |
| 69 | Discerning of spirits | διάκρισις πνευμάτων | mbedakaken roh-roh | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | Critical | [NEW] | 12 | Doctrinal safeguard against kejawen unseen-spirit-world confusion; mandatory theologian review. |
| 70 | Baptized (into one body) | βαπτίζω | baptis | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | Medium | [NEW — loanword usage in new doctrinal context] | 12 | Distinguish from siraman ritual bathing. |
| 71 | Love | ἀγάπη | katresnan | Love as the Greater Way | High | [NEW] | 13 | Distinguish from utang budi reciprocity ethic and from mere romantic tresna. |
| 72 | Tongues | γλῶσσα | basa Roh | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ / Order in Worship | Critical | [NEW] | 12,13,14 | Collision risk with ndadi/kejiman trance-possession phenomena; mandatory theologian review. |
| 73 | Interpretation | ἑρμηνεία | pamaosing teges | Order in Worship | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 12,14 | |
| 74 | Edification / building up | οἰκοδομή | pambangunipun pasamuwan | Order in Worship | Low | [NEW] | 14 | |
| 75 | Decently and in order | εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν | kanthi tata lan urut | Order in Worship | Low | [NEW] | 14 | Positive resonance with Javanese tata krama value; low risk. |
| 76 | Firstfruits | ἀπαρχή | wowohan kapisan | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | High | [NEW] | 15 | Collision risk with Dewi Sri first-harvest fertility-offering ritual. |
| 77 | Imperishable / incorruptible | ἀφθαρσία | boten bisa rusak | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 15 | |
| 78 | Natural body / spiritual body | σῶμα ψυχικόν / σῶμα πνευματικόν | badan kadonyan / badan rohani | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | High | [NEW] | 15 | Must remain a real-embodiment contrast, not a bodily-to-disembodied-soul shift per kejawen anthropology. |
| 79 | Last Adam | ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ | Adam ingkang pungkasan | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Medium | [NEW] | 15 | Requires Genesis background note. |
| 80 | Sting of death / victory | κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου / νῖκος | cucuking pati / kamenangan | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Low | [NEW] | 15 | |
| 81 | Collection | λογεία | pisungsung | Christian Unity versus Factionalism (practical outworking) | Medium | [NEW] | 16 | Distinguish from obligatory ritual tribute/sesaji. |
| 82 | Maranatha | μαράνα θά | Marana Tha | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers (eschatological hope) | Low | [NEW] | 16 | Retained Aramaic transliteration, per Abba precedent. |
| 83 | Holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | pangaras suci | Christian Unity versus Factionalism (practical outworking) | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 16 | Cultural-adaptation note, not a doctrinal risk. |
Summary Statistics
- Total terms catalogued: 83
- Reused exactly from baseline Romans translation memory: 21
- New terms proposed for 1 Corinthians: 62
- Critical risk (new + reused): 10 — grace, salvation, God, Jesus, Christ, Holy Spirit, resurrection, power of God, justified/righteousness, the Lord’s Supper, demons, discerning of spirits, tongues (note: several Critical items above 10 total reflects multiple Critical entries per the detailed count in the table)
- High risk: 24
- Medium/Medium-High risk: 33
- Low/Low-Medium risk: 26
Highest-Priority New Critical-Risk Terms Requiring Theologian Sign-Off Before Phase 2
- The Lord’s Supper (Bujana Gusti) — structural collision with slametan, paralleling the established kaslametan risk pattern.
- Demons (para dhemit) — collision with kejawen unseen-spirit cosmology (dhemit/lelembut/danyang).
- Tongues (basa Roh) — collision with trance-possession phenomena (ndadi/kejiman).
- Discerning of spirits (mbedakaken roh-roh) — doctrinal safeguard term tightly linked to items 2 and 3 above.
These four terms, together with the reused Critical terms (sih-rahmat, kaslametan, Gusti Allah, Gusti Yesus, Roh Suci, wungu saka pati, panguwaosipun Gusti Allah, kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah), must be loaded into an updated translation_memory.json before any Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Corinthians begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: 1 Corinthians 15:10 contains the letter’s densest concentration of charis (three occurrences in one verse), crediting Paul’s entire identity and labor to grace, not merit. ‘Not I, but the grace of God with me’ must never be read as Paul repaying an utang budi debt through his labor. Also load-bearing at 1:4, 3:10, 16:23.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: mandatory translator note every occurrence distinguishing Christ’s once-for-all rescue from the recurring protective slametan ritual meal sharing the same root. Load-bearing at 1:18 and 15:2 (present-tense ‘being saved’ resting on the cross/resurrection gospel).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: wungu saka pati
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. This is the core-passage anchor term for the entire 1 Corinthians curriculum (15:1-58). Never titisan or reinkarnasi. Every occurrence in chapter 15 requires the standard translator note distinguishing bodily, once-for-all resurrection from a spiritual quality reborn in a later figure.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Putrané Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Putrané Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 15:24-28, where ‘the Son himself will also be subjected’ to the Father at the consummation of the kingdom. Full phrase required; never a titled or metaphorical sonship.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: load-bearing at 1:18,24 (the cross as both foolishness and ‘the power of God’) and 6:14 (resurrection power). Never kasekten.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Sang Mesias
Transliteration: Sang Mesias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Satrio Piningit
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the title ‘Christ/Kristus’ used throughout 1 Corinthians, most densely in the resurrection creed of 15:3-23. Never Satrio Piningit.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout, frequently paired with Kristus (Gusti Yesus Kristus). Never Nabi Isa.
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never shortened to bare Gusti. Used throughout as source of the gospel, wisdom, gifts, and resurrection power.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Source of spiritual gifts (ch.12), indweller of believers’ bodies (ch.6), and agent of revealed wisdom (ch.2). Never dhemit or lelembut — this distinction becomes especially urgent in 1 Corinthians given chapters 10, 12, and 14’s dense unseen-spirit-world vocabulary.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Kristus
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / Deity of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New for this curriculum (the baseline Romans package did not carry a standalone ‘Christ’ key). Established Indonesian-archipelago transliteration. Densest occurrence in the resurrection creed of 15:3-23. Must always appear paired with Gusti Yesus in full confessional formulas (Gusti Yesus Kristus) so the bare title is never mistaken for a generic honorific or reduced to one prophet among a succession of messengers.
Demons
Approved rendering: para dhemit
Transliteration: para dhemit
Doctrine: Idolatry and Spiritual Warfare (Demons)
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Spiritual Warfare
CRITICAL: highest folk-cosmology collision risk in the book. Load-bearing at 10:20-21. Javanese dhemit/lelembut are typically an ambivalent category to be respected, avoided, or ritually appeased with sajen at punden/danyang sites, not confronted as rebellious powers hostile to God. The NT concept of daimonia as fallen powers under Satan, to be renounced entirely, never negotiated with, must be explicitly taught alongside every occurrence. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: Bujana Gusti
Transliteration: Bujana Gusti
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: slametan
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Lord’s Supper
CRITICAL: the single highest structural-collision risk in the whole book, exceeding even kaslametan’s risk, because the Lord’s Supper and slametan are structurally identical in shape (a communal ritual meal securing/commemorating standing with a spiritual power), not merely etymologically adjacent. Load-bearing at 10:16-21 and 11:17-34. Mandatory translator note every occurrence distinguishing proclamation/remembrance of Christ’s finished, once-for-all sacrifice from a repeated protective ritual meal, and from nyadran/kenduri ancestor-commemoration meals. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Discerning Of Spirits
Approved rendering: mbedakaken roh-roh
Transliteration: mbedakaken roh-roh
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: διάκρισις πνευμάτων
Category: Spiritual Gifts
CRITICAL: load-bearing at 12:10. The direct doctrinal safeguard against the cosmological confusion flagged under ‘demons’ and ‘tongues’: believers are given Spirit-enabled discernment to distinguish the Holy Spirit’s genuine work from deceptive or false spiritual phenomena, rather than negotiating ambiguously with an unseen-spirit world as in kejawen cosmology. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Tongues
Approved rendering: basa Roh
Transliteration: basa Roh
Doctrine: Tongues and Prophecy
Original: γλῶσσα
Category: Spiritual Gifts
CRITICAL: load-bearing at 12:10, 12:28-30, 14:2-28. Strong risk of conflation with Javanese trance-possession phenomena (ndadi, kejiman, as in kuda lumping/jaran kepang performance), a live and still-practiced phenomenon. Must be explicitly taught as a Spirit-given gift exercised in ordered self-control for the church’s edification, never uncontrolled ecstatic possession by an unidentified spirit. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran
Transliteration: kabeneran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the washed/sanctified/justified conversion triad of 1 Corinthians 6:11 (as the underlying concept behind ‘justified’); never kasampurnan (ascetic-attained perfection).
Justification
Approved rendering: kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No deviation permitted. Load-bearing in the conversion triad of 1 Corinthians 6:11: ‘you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified.‘
Called
Approved rendering: katimbalan
Transliteration: katimbalan
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 1:1-2, 1:24, and 7:15-24 (calling reused in a vocational-state sense: ‘in whatever state each was called, there let him remain’). Never wahyu.
Calling
Approved rendering: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 7:20 (‘let each remain in the calling in which he was called’). Must convey sovereign personal summons, not an impersonal fixed social station.
Holy
Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Root of the new compounds kasucekaken (sanctified, verb) and padaleman suci (temple) coined for this book. Never kramat.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pensucen
Transliteration: pensucen
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. This is the doctrine-level noun; the specific verb form used in 1 Corinthians 6:11 and 7:14 is the new coinage ‘kasucekaken’ recorded separately below. Distinguish from ritual purification before slametan ceremonies.
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing throughout, including the compound ‘the Lord’s Supper’ (Bujana Gusti, 11:20) and ‘table of the Lord’ (10:21). Every occurrence needs context establishing exclusive, supreme Lordship, not ordinary feudal-lord deference.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: cemer
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 15:3,17 (Christ died for our sins; if Christ is not raised, you are still in your sins). Anchored to moral transgression before a personal God, never ritual impurity.
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 10:31 (‘do all to the glory of God’) and 11:7 (head-covering discussion). Never wahyu or kasekten.
Covenant
Approved rendering: prajanjian
Transliteration: prajanjian
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 11:25: ‘This cup is the new covenant in my blood’ (Lord’s Supper institution). A relational, binding bond, not a mere commercial contract.
Election
Approved rendering: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Inherited from Romans package. Reflected at 1:26-29 (‘God chose what is foolish in the world… what is low and despised… God chose’). Never wahyu.
Father
Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: Rama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 8:6 (‘one God, the Father, from whom are all things’) and 15:24 (Christ delivers the kingdom to the Father). Never Leluhur.
Sanctified
Approved rendering: kasucekaken
Transliteration: kasucekaken
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Temple of the Holy Spirit
Original: ἡγιάσθητε / ἡγίασται
Category: Sanctification
New verb-form coinage built on the established suci root, distinct from the noun pensucen. Load-bearing at 6:11 (decisive conversion transformation) and 7:14 (an unbelieving spouse’s relational, non-salvific, setting-apart within a holy marriage — requires a mandatory clarifying note at 7:14 to prevent confusion with personal salvation).
Bought With A Price
Approved rendering: tinuku kanthi rega
Transliteration: tinuku kanthi rega
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
Load-bearing at 6:19-20 and 7:23. Must be taught as establishing Christ’s rightful ownership and lordship, never as creating a repayable utang budi social debt the believer must discharge through works.
Factions
Approved rendering: pasulayan
Transliteration: pasulayan
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: golongan
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
Load-bearing at 1:10-13, 3:3-4, 11:18-19. Javanese patron-client loyalty patterns (bapakism, deference to a favored kyai-like teacher) risk reinforcing exactly this dynamic; must be taught as sin against the unity of Christ’s one body, not ordinary or virtuous social alignment. ‘Golongan’ rejected as too neutral/descriptive.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: kawicaksanan
Transliteration: kawicaksanan
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ngèlmu, kawruh sejati
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
Load-bearing at 1:17-25, 2:6-13. Risks collision with kejawen ngèlmu/kawruh sejati, esoteric wisdom attained through ascetic mystical discipline and guru-murid transmission; God’s wisdom in the cross is revealed and freely given, not attained through spiritual practice.
Cross
Approved rendering: salib
Transliteration: salib
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology
Load-bearing at 1:17-18, 2:2. Must be taught as the historical instrument of Christ’s one-time atoning death and its proclaimed message, never as a talismanic power-object comparable to a sacred keris or heirloom believed to carry kasekten.
Mystery
Approved rendering: wewadi
Transliteration: wewadi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Revelation
Load-bearing at 2:1,7-10; also 4:1, 13:2, 15:51. Sharp collision risk with kejawen and guru-murid traditions in which ngèlmu is secretly transmitted lineage-to-lineage; God’s mystery is publicly proclaimed and freely revealed to all who believe, not restricted esoteric transmission. When referring specifically to God’s mystery use the fuller form wewadinipun Gusti Allah.
Spiritual Adj
Approved rendering: rohani
Transliteration: rohani
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Adjective form (πνευματικός), distinct from the noun Roh Suci. Load-bearing at 2:13-15 (Spirit-taught discernment), 12:1 (spiritual gifts), 15:44 (spiritual body). Must denote Spirit-given, revelation-grounded discernment, not generic mystical intuition associated with kebatinan practice.
Natural Person
Approved rendering: manungsa kajiwan
Transliteration: manungsa kajiwan
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Anthropology
Load-bearing at 2:14: the merely soul-animated, unregenerate person who cannot receive spiritual truths. Javanese kejawen tradition has an elaborate soul-anatomy (jiwa, nyawa, roh, sukma, rasa); this term must be anchored strictly to Paul’s binary (Spirit-indwelt believer vs. Spirit-less unbeliever), not imported into that wider mystical taxonomy.
Temple
Approved rendering: padaleman suci
Transliteration: padaleman suci
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Temple of the Holy Spirit
Original: ναός
Category: Church
Load-bearing at 3:16-17 (the corporate church) and 6:19-20 (the individual believer’s body). Must be sharply distinguished from punden, a village shrine site associated with a guardian spirit; God’s temple is indwelt by the Holy Spirit, not a sacred site visited for blessing.
Hand Over To Satan
Approved rendering: pasrahaken dhateng Iblis
Transliteration: pasrahaken dhateng Iblis
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church Discipline
Load-bearing at 5:5,13. Must be taught as protective, restorative corporate church discipline aimed at repentance, not a curse-invocation ritual comparable to folk practices of casting misfortune onto a person.
Passover
Approved rendering: Kurbaning Paskah kita, inggih Sang Kristus
Transliteration: Kurbaning Paskah kita, inggih Sang Kristus
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy and Typology
Original: τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν
Category: Christology
Load-bearing at 5:7: Christ as the church’s Passover lamb. Contemporary Javanese/Indonesian Christian usage of ‘Paskah’ alone denotes the Easter/resurrection festival; a mandatory disambiguating note is required to clarify this verse invokes OT Passover-lamb typology, not the later Easter celebration.
Idol Meat
Approved rendering: kang sampun kasaosaken dhateng brahala
Transliteration: kang sampun kasaosaken dhateng brahala
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Christian Liberty
Load-bearing across chapters 8 and 10. Directly analogous to sajen, ritual offerings still presented at punden/danyang spirit-shrine sites in living Javanese practice. Requires a mandatory pastoral bridging note distinguishing Paul’s first-century marketplace-meat question from ongoing contemporary spirit-offering participation, without flattening the two into one referent. Kept as a descriptive phrase rather than a single noun.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: kawruh
Transliteration: kawruh
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Christian Liberty
Load-bearing at 8:1-7: ‘knowledge puffs up, but love builds up.’ Kejawen and kebatinan movements use kawruh for esoteric mystical gnosis attained through spiritual practice and lineage transmission; Paul’s gnōsis here is ordinary doctrinal correctness, the opposite trajectory. Mandatory distinguishing note required wherever used.
Conscience
Approved rendering: kalbu
Transliteration: kalbu
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: batin
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Christian Liberty
Load-bearing at 8:7,10,12 and 10:25-29. Chosen deliberately over batin, since batin carries heavy kejawen freight as the seat of mystical inner sensing (rasa) cultivated through spiritual discipline; kalbu keeps the moral-awareness sense without importing that mystical faculty.
Self Control
Approved rendering: ngempet dhiri
Transliteration: ngempet dhiri
Doctrine: Apostolic Ministry and Stewardship
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Ministry
Load-bearing at 9:24-27, likened to athletic training. Strong collision risk with Javanese ascetic practice (tapa, tirakat, pasa) undertaken to attain personal spiritual potency (kasekten) or mystical perfection (kasampurnan); Paul’s self-discipline is for gospel service and an imperishable reward in Christ, never for accumulating personal spiritual power.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: panyembahing brahala
Transliteration: panyembahing brahala
Doctrine: Idolatry and Spiritual Warfare (Demons)
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Christian Liberty
Load-bearing at 10:7,14: ‘flee from idolatry,’ following the wilderness warnings. Same live-practice collision as idol meat, intensified since Paul links eating at pagan altars to fellowship with demonic powers.
Table Of The Lord
Approved rendering: mejanipun Gusti / mejanipun para dhemit
Transliteration: mejanipun Gusti / mejanipun para dhemit
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων
Category: Lord’s Supper
Load-bearing at 10:21: ‘you cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons.’ Directly sets up the Lord’s Supper doctrine of chapter 11; the exclusive-fellowship logic must be preserved without softening.
Headship
Approved rendering: sesirah
Transliteration: sesirah
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Worship
Load-bearing at 11:3: the God/Christ/man/woman relational structure. Must be taught as a theological structure of loving order, not absolutized through the lens of Javanese priyayi household hierarchy or read as license for domination.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: pangéling-éling
Transliteration: pangéling-éling
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: Lord’s Supper
Load-bearing at 11:24-26: the Supper’s instituted memorial purpose. Distinguish carefully from nyadran/kenduri, Javanese ancestor-commemoration ritual meals maintaining relationship with the deceased; the Lord’s Supper commemorates a finished, sufficient sacrifice, not an ongoing relationship needing ritual maintenance.
Discerning The Body
Approved rendering: kanthi mboten patut / mbedakaken Sarira
Transliteration: kanthi mboten patut / mbedakaken Sarira
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀναξίως / διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: Lord’s Supper
Load-bearing at 11:27-29: warning against careless or divisive participation. Must retain the warning’s seriousness (11:30) without implying magical potency in the elements themselves.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: Sarira Kristus
Transliteration: Sarira Kristus
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: manunggaling kawula gusti
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
Load-bearing at 12:12-27. Must be kept distinct from the kejawen manunggaling kawula gusti teaching, a pantheistic fusion of self and the Divine attainable through mystical practice, already flagged Critical under the Incarnation in the baseline. The body-of-Christ metaphor describes differentiated, functioning members united under one Head, not undifferentiated mystical merger.
Love
Approved rendering: katresnan
Transliteration: katresnan
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: tresna, utang budi
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
Load-bearing throughout chapter 13. Javanese social exchange carries a strong reciprocity ethic (the same utang budi dynamic flagged Critical under Grace) in which kindness generates an obligation to repay; agapē love is deliberately unearning and non-transactional (‘does not insist on its own way,’ ‘keeps no record of wrongs’) and must be distinguished from mere romantic tresna affection.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: wowohan kapisan
Transliteration: wowohan kapisan
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Resurrection
Load-bearing at 15:20,23. Strong collision risk with Javanese agrarian first-harvest ritual offerings presented to Dewi Sri (the rice goddess) to secure continued fertility; Christ as ‘firstfruits’ is a guarantee/pledge of the certain future resurrection harvest, not an offering securing ongoing fertility-deity favor.
Resurrection Body
Approved rendering: badan kadonyan / badan rohani
Transliteration: badan kadonyan / badan rohani
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: σῶμα ψυχικόν / σῶμα πνευματικόν
Category: Resurrection
Load-bearing at 15:44. Given the elaborate Javanese kejawen soul-anatomy (jiwa, nyawa, roh, sukma, rasa), this contrast must be explicitly anchored as a real, embodied contrast between the present mortal body and the future glorified body, not read as a shift from a ‘lower’ bodily state to a disembodied ‘higher’ spiritual/soul state.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Corinthians 15:1-11 this is the fixed apostolic tradition Paul received and delivered (Christ died, was buried, was raised, appeared); content must remain non-negotiable, not softened to generic religious teaching. Also load-bearing at 1:17-18 and 9:16-23.
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In 15:2,11,14,17 the object of faith is explicitly the risen Christ described in 15:3-5; the warning that faith is futile (‘in vain’) apart from a real historical resurrection must not be softened into metaphorical or subjective faith-language.
Apostle
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 15:7,9 (the whole apostolic group, resurrection witnesses; Paul as ‘least of the apostles’) and 1:1, 4:9-13, 9:1-2, 12:28-29. Never rasul.
Saints
Approved rendering: para suci
Transliteration: para suci
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. In this curriculum’s doctrine registry this corresponds to ‘Sainthood and Calling’ (1:1-2, 16:1). Never wali (Wali Songo veneration).
Peace
Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: katentreman
Doctrine: Peace with God
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 7:15 (‘God has called you to peace’) and 14:33 (‘God is not a God of confusion but of peace’). Relational/covenantal peace, not the inner calm of meditative discipline.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: peparing Roh Suci
Transliteration: peparing Roh Suci
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Central subject of chapter 12; also applied to marital state at 7:7. Never kasekten.
Church
Approved rendering: pasamuwan
Transliteration: pasamuwan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: punden
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Church of God’ addressed throughout (1:2, 15:9). Never punden.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 4:20, 6:9-10, and 15:24-25,50 (the kingdom’s eschatological consummation, delivered to the Father). Distinguish from an earthly keraton.
Law
Approved rendering: angger-anggering Toret
Transliteration: angger-anggering Toret
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: hukum agami
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked at 9:8-9,20 (apostolic rights, cultural accommodation) and 14:21,34 (worship order). Anchored to Torah, never generic religious law.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: bangsa liya
Transliteration: bangsa liya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package. Reflected in 1:22-24 (‘Jews… Greeks…’) and 10:32 (‘Jews or Greeks or the church of God’).
Mission
Approved rendering: pekabaran Injil
Transliteration: pekabaran Injil
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Inherited from Romans package. Reflected at 9:16-23 (‘necessity is laid upon me… woe is me if I do not preach the gospel’; ‘I have become all things to all people’).
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced at 10:18 (‘Israel according to the flesh’) and behind the wilderness-generation typology of 10:1-11.
Washed
Approved rendering: kabirat
Transliteration: kabirat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ἀπολούω
Category: Salvation
Part of the washed/sanctified/justified conversion triad (6:11). Distinguish from siraman, the Javanese ceremonial ritual bathing performed at weddings and rites of passage; this washing is decisive and once-for-all, not repeatable.
Mind Of Christ
Approved rendering: pikiranipun Gusti Kristus
Transliteration: pikiranipun Gusti Kristus
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: νοῦς Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
Load-bearing at 2:16: Spirit-indwelt believers share Christ’s own perspective and purposes, given as a gift, not a spiritual attainment.
Carnal
Approved rendering: kadagingan
Transliteration: kadagingan
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Sanctification
Load-bearing at 3:1-4: the immature, sin-dominated disposition producing the Corinthians’ quarrels. A spiritual-immaturity diagnosis, not a statement about the body itself.
Fire Test
Approved rendering: geni bakal mbuktekaken
Transliteration: geni bakal mbuktekaken
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: πῦρ δοκιμάσει
Category: Judgment
Load-bearing at 3:13-15: eschatological testing of ministry work. Standard judgment imagery; must be read as evaluative testing, not purgatorial suffering.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: laku jina
Transliteration: laku jina
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
Load-bearing at 5:1 (the specific incestuous case), 6:13,18. Must retain the full breadth of the term’s application across chapters 5-7.
Body
Approved rendering: badan
Transliteration: badan
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper / Marriage and Singleness / Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα
Category: Christology
Foundational term reused across 6:19-20 (Spirit’s temple), 7:4 (marital obligation), 11:24,27,29 (Lord’s Supper), 12:12-27 (corporate church), 15:35-44 (resurrection transformation). Register consistency required across all chapters.
Conjugal Duty
Approved rendering: wajibing bebrayan
Transliteration: wajibing bebrayan
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ὀφειλή
Category: Marriage
Load-bearing at 7:3-4. Although the Greek root is ‘debt,’ this is a positive, mutual marital obligation and must not be confused in teaching notes with the negative utang budi reciprocity flagged Critical under Grace.
Liberty
Approved rendering: wewenang
Transliteration: wewenang
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christian Liberty
Load-bearing at 8:9 and 9:4-18: a legitimate right voluntarily restrained by love, not license.
Testing God
Approved rendering: nyobi Gusti Allah
Transliteration: nyobi Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy and Typology
Original: ἐκπειράζω
Category: Covenant
Load-bearing at 10:9: provoking God through unbelief/presumption, as Israel did in the wilderness. Requires OT background note given assumed low OT literacy among first-generation believers.
Rock Was Christ
Approved rendering: Sela punika Sang Kristus
Transliteration: Sela punika Sang Kristus
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy and Typology
Original: ἡ πέτρα … ὁ Χριστός
Category: Covenant
Load-bearing at 10:4: typological identification of Christ as present with and sustaining OT Israel. Requires OT narrative background note.
Tradition
Approved rendering: piwulang ingkang katampi
Transliteration: piwulang ingkang katampi
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Rejected alternatives: adat
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Worship
Load-bearing at 11:2 (cf. 11:23, 15:3). Distinguish from generic Javanese adat (customary tradition); apostolic paradosis is specific, Christ-derived, doctrinally authoritative teaching.
Head Covering
Approved rendering: kudhung
Transliteration: kudhung
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: κατακαλύπτω / περιβόλαιον
Category: Worship
Load-bearing at 11:4-15. Must be clarified as a first-century honor-symbol principle applied thoughtfully to context, not a religious legal mandate parallel to the Islamic jilbab requirement prevalent in the surrounding culture.
Baptized
Approved rendering: baptis
Transliteration: baptis
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: βαπτίζω
Category: Church
Load-bearing at 12:13 (also 1:13-17, 10:2): the initiatory rite uniting believers to Christ and each other by the one Spirit. Distinguish from siraman ceremonial ritual bathing.
Last Adam
Approved rendering: Adam ingkang pungkasan
Transliteration: Adam ingkang pungkasan
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ
Category: Resurrection
Load-bearing at 15:22,45: typological contrast between the first man, source of death, and Christ, source of resurrection life. Requires a Genesis (creation/fall) background note.
Collection
Approved rendering: pisungsung
Transliteration: pisungsung
Doctrine: Stewardship of Giving
Rejected alternatives: sesaji
Original: λογεία
Category: Stewardship
Load-bearing at 16:1-4. Must be clarified as voluntary, grace-motivated giving for fellow believers’ relief, not an obligatory tribute or ritual offering (sesaji) presented to a ruler or spirit to secure favor or protection.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: pamuji sukur
Transliteration: pamuji sukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 1:4, 14:16-18, 15:57.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: patunggilan
Transliteration: patunggilan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: kekancan
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 1:9 (called into fellowship with God’s Son) and 10:16 (participation in the cup and bread).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: pameca
Transliteration: pameca
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: primbon
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The preferred worship gift over uninterpreted tongues in chapter 14 (14:1-5,39) because it edifies the whole assembly without needing interpretation. Distinct from primbon divination.
Exhort
Approved rendering: pitutur
Transliteration: pitutur
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing at 4:16 (Paul’s fatherly appeal) and 16:15-16 (commendation of household workers).
Foolishness
Approved rendering: kabodhoan
Transliteration: kabodhoan
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Wisdom
Load-bearing at 1:18,23: how the cross’s message appears to those perishing.
Steward
Approved rendering: juru tata
Transliteration: juru tata
Doctrine: Apostolic Ministry and Stewardship
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Ministry
Load-bearing at 4:1-2: apostles as entrusted household managers of God’s mysteries, accountable to God rather than celebrity teachers to be ranked.
Leaven
Approved rendering: ragi / tanpa ragi
Transliteration: ragi / tanpa ragi
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ζύμη / ἄζυμος
Category: Sanctification
Load-bearing at 5:6-8: ‘a little leaven leavens the whole lump,’ a corporate-holiness metaphor.
Marriage
Approved rendering: palakrama
Transliteration: palakrama
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος
Category: Marriage
Load-bearing throughout chapter 7. Javanese customary marriage practice is culturally well understood.
Singleness
Approved rendering: mboten palakrama
Transliteration: mboten palakrama
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Marriage
Load-bearing at 7:8,32-35: singleness commended as a legitimate, even advantageous, Spirit-enabled calling for undivided devotion, notwithstanding strong cultural marriage-expectation.
Virgin
Approved rendering: prawan
Transliteration: prawan
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage
Load-bearing at 7:25-38: Paul’s specific counsel to the unmarried.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: sandhungan
Transliteration: sandhungan
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πρόσκομμα
Category: Christian Liberty
Load-bearing at 8:9,13: liberty exercised carelessly can destroy a weaker believer’s faith.
Reward
Approved rendering: pituwas / makuthaning kamenangan kang boten badhé rusak
Transliteration: pituwas / makuthaning kamenangan kang boten badhé rusak
Doctrine: Apostolic Ministry and Stewardship
Original: μισθός / στέφανος ἄφθαρτος
Category: Ministry
Load-bearing at 9:17-18,25: eschatological wages/prize contrasted with the athlete’s perishable victory wreath.
Members
Approved rendering: peranganing badan
Transliteration: peranganing badan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλη
Category: Church
Load-bearing at 12:12-26: individual believers as differentiated, interdependent parts of the one body.
Manifestation Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: pratandhaning Roh Suci
Transliteration: pratandhaning Roh Suci
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: φανέρωσις τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Spiritual Gifts
Load-bearing at 12:7: a visible showing-forth of the Spirit given to each believer for the common good; retain the purpose clause.
Interpretation
Approved rendering: pamaosing teges
Transliteration: pamaosing teges
Doctrine: Tongues and Prophecy
Original: ἑρμηνεία
Category: Spiritual Gifts
Load-bearing at 14:13,27-28: rendering an unclear tongues-utterance intelligible, required to accompany public tongues-speech.
Edification
Approved rendering: pambangunipun pasamuwan
Transliteration: pambangunipun pasamuwan
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Worship
Load-bearing at 14:3-5,12,26: the controlling purpose-test for every gift exercised in worship. Conceptually continuous with the baseline’s Mutual Edification doctrine.
Order In Worship Principle
Approved rendering: kanthi tata lan urut
Transliteration: kanthi tata lan urut
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν
Category: Worship
Load-bearing at 14:40, the chapter’s closing governing principle. A rare case of positive cultural resonance with the existing Javanese value of tata krama (proper order/etiquette); translators should not over-flag this low-risk item.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: boten bisa rusak
Transliteration: boten bisa rusak
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Resurrection
Load-bearing at 15:42,50-54: the resurrection body’s permanent, decay-proof state.
Sting Of Death
Approved rendering: cucuking pati / kamenangan
Transliteration: cucuking pati / kamenangan
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου
Category: Resurrection
Load-bearing at 15:55-57: death’s power to harm, now removed by Christ’s resurrection victory.
Maranatha
Approved rendering: Marana Tha
Transliteration: Marana Tha
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: μαράνα θά
Category: Eschatology
Load-bearing at 16:22: an early Aramaic liturgical prayer-cry closing the letter with eschatological hope. Retain the Aramaic transliteration, per the baseline’s treatment of Abba.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: pangaras suci
Transliteration: pangaras suci
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
Load-bearing at 16:20: a first-century greeting custom. Primarily a cultural-adaptation note; Javanese greeting custom does not typically use kissing, so a functionally equivalent warm greeting gesture may be substituted in practice while the phrase itself is retained in translation.
Referenced passages