Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Matthew 1–28 (English → Javanese)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the core passage (Matthew 5:1-12) and all 28 chapters of Matthew. Terms already established in the Romans baseline (translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json) are marked Reused and carry forward their exact baseline rendering and risk tier unchanged, per the hard rule that the baseline is the language authority. Terms new to the Matthew curriculum are marked New and are assigned a risk tier here for the first time, using the identical Critical/High/Medium/Low framework.
Column Key
- Status: Reused (from Romans baseline, unchanged) / New (introduced by Matthew curriculum)
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per
doctrine_risk_registry.jsondefinitions - First Occurrence: first chapter/verse where the term is load-bearing in Matthew
| # | Term (English) | Original (Greek) & Transliteration | Category / Doctrine | Status | Risk | Javanese Rendering | First Occurrence | Key Rejected Alternative(s) & Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | θεός | God | Reused | Critical | Gusti Allah | 1:23 | Never bare Gusti (ordinary feudal-lord address) |
| 2 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Christology | Reused | Critical | Gusti Yesus | 1:1 | Never Nabi Isa (Islamic prophetic framing) |
| 3 | Christ (proper-name form) | Χριστός | Christology | Reused/Extended | Critical | Kristus (name-form) | 1:1 | Use only when compounded with the name “Yesus”; see Messiah below for title-form |
| 4 | Messiah / Christ (title form) | Χριστός / Μεσσίας | Messianic Promise | Reused | Critical | Sang Mesias | 1:1, 16:16, 26:63 | Never Satrio Piningit (Jayabaya “hidden knight”) |
| 5 | Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον | God / Trinity | Reused | Critical | Roh Suci | 1:18 | Never dhemit, lelembut (folk spirit categories) |
| 6 | Lord | κύριος | Lordship of Christ | Reused | Critical | Gusti | 12:8; 21:3 | Never ndara; requires context of exclusive supreme Lordship, not feudal deference |
| 7 | Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | Sonship/Deity of Christ | Reused | Critical | Putrané Gusti Allah | 3:17; 14:33; 16:16; 26:63; 27:54 | Never reduced to a titled royal descendant or mystically-fused devotee |
| 8 | Resurrection | ἀνάστασις / ἠγέρθη | Resurrection of Christ | Reused | Critical | wungu saka pati | 28:6 | Never titisan, reinkarnasi |
| 9 | Grace | χάρις | Grace | Reused | Critical | sih-rahmat | (thematic; not a distinct Matthean lexeme but governs 18:21-35, 20:1-16) | Never kasekten, wahyu, utang budi |
| 10 | Salvation / save | σωτηρία / σῴζω | Salvation | Reused | Critical | kaslametan | 1:21 | Never conflate with slametan ritual without teaching note |
| 11 | Power of God / authority | δύναμις θεοῦ (cf. new: ἐξουσία below) | Power of God | Reused | Critical | panguwaosipun Gusti Allah | thematic | Never kasekten |
| 12 | Kingdom of God (rare Matthean form) | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | Kingdom Mission | Reused | Medium | Kratoning Gusti Allah | 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43 | Synonymous with Kingdom of Heaven, see #13 |
| 13 | Kingdom of Heaven | βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν | Kingdom of Heaven | New | High | Kratoning Swarga | 3:2; 5:3,10 | Swarga carries Hindu-Buddhist merit-earned-afterlife connotations; requires teaching note distinguishing from merit-based heaven and confirming synonymy with #12 |
| 14 | Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Reused | High | kabeneran | 5:6, 5:10, 5:20 | Never kasampurnan (ascetic mystical perfection) |
| 15 | Law (Torah) | νόμος | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Reused | Medium | angger-anggering Toret | 5:17 | Never hukum agami (generic religious law) |
| 16 | Sin | ἁμαρτία | Universal Human Accountability | Reused | High | dosa | 1:21 | Anchor to moral transgression, not cemer (ritual impurity); see 15:11 teaching text |
| 17 | Faith | πίστις | Faith | Reused | Medium | pitados | 8:10; 9:22; 15:28 | Object of faith (Christ) must be specified in context |
| 18 | Little faith | ὀλιγόπιστος | Faith | New | Medium | kang cupet pitadose | 6:30; 8:26; 14:31; 16:8; 17:20 | Gentle rebuke of wavering, not condemnation of unbelief; keep vocabulary consistent across all five occurrences |
| 19 | Called | κλητός | Divine Calling | Reused | High | katimbalan | 22:14 | Never wahyu |
| 20 | Election / chosen | ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός | Election | Reused | High | pepilihanipun Gusti Allah | 22:14; 24:22,24,31 | Never wahyu; distinguish from #19 |
| 21 | Church | ἐκκλησία | Church and Church Discipline | Reused | Medium | pasamuwan | 16:18; 18:17 | Never punden (village spirit-shrine) |
| 22 | Saints / holy | ἅγιος | Sanctification | Reused | High | suci | thematic (implied throughout) | Never kramat |
| 23 | Covenant | διαθήκη | Davidic Covenant / Atonement | Reused | High | prajanjian | 26:28 | Requires relational, God-initiated weight beyond ordinary contract |
| 24 | David | Δαυίδ | Davidic Covenant | Reused | Low | Dawud | 1:1 | Established proper-name form |
| 25 | Israel | Ἰσραήλ | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Reused | Medium | Israel | 2:6,20,21; 8:10 etc. | Established proper-name form |
| 26 | Gentiles | ἔθνη (contrastive sense) | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Reused | Medium | bangsa liya | 4:15; 10:5,18 | Distinct from #52 “all nations” (inclusive sense) |
| 27 | Prophet | προφήτης | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Reused | Low | nabi | 1:22; 5:12 | Never dhukun |
| 28 | Prophecy / fulfilled | προφητεία / πληρωθῇ | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | Reused/Extended | High | pameca (noun) / supaya kelakon apa kang wus kapangandikakaké (fulfillment formula) | 1:22 and ~13 recurrences | Linear one-time fulfillment, never the cyclical Jayabaya prophecy pattern |
| 29 | Glory | δόξα | Deity of Christ | Reused | High | kamulyan | 24:30; 25:31 | Never wahyu, kasekten |
| 30 | Peace | εἰρήνη | Peace with God | Reused | Medium | katentreman | 10:34 (contrastive) | Distinguish relational peace with God from social conflict-avoidance |
| 31 | Fellowship | κοινωνία | Christian Fellowship | Reused | Low | patunggilan | 18:20 (thematic) | — |
| 32 | Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω | Thanksgiving | Reused | Low | pamuji sukur | 26:27 | — |
| 33 | Apostle | ἀπόστολος | Apostleship | Reused | Medium | utusan | 10:2 | Never rasul |
| 34 | Disciple | μαθητής | Discipleship | New | Medium | sakabat | 5:1 | Never murid (guru-murid mystical lineage connotation) |
| 35 | Make disciples | μαθητεύω | Great Commission | New | Critical | ndadékaké … dadi sakabat | 28:19 | Must retain full obedient-follower sense, not mere information transfer |
| 36 | Repentance / repent | μετάνοια / μετανοέω | Discipleship / Kingdom entry | New | High | pitobat (n.) / mratobat (v.) | 3:2; 4:17 | Shared Islamic taubat vocabulary; anchor to turning toward Christ and his Kingdom, not generic religious turning |
| 37 | Baptism / baptize | βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω | Discipleship / Great Commission | New | Medium | baptis / mbaptisi | 3:6; 28:19 | Distinguish from repeatable Javanese ritual purification (siraman) |
| 38 | Son of David | υἱὸς Δαυίδ | Davidic Covenant / Messianic Promise | New | High | Putrané Dawud | 1:1; 9:27; 20:30; 21:9 | Distinct from baseline’s descriptive tedhak turune Dawud; this is a vocative messianic acclamation title |
| 39 | Son of Man | ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | Christology / Judgment | New | Critical | Putraning Manungsa | 8:20 (thematic through ch. 26) | Never rendered as generic “a human being”; carries Danielic double sense of humility + end-time authority |
| 40 | Immanuel / God with us | Ἐμμανουήλ | Incarnation | New | Critical | Imanuel, glossed “Gusti Allah nyarengi kita” | 1:23 | Never gloss with any tunggal/manunggal/nunggil-rooted verb (collision with forbidden manunggaling kawula gusti) |
| 41 | Virgin | παρθένος | Incarnation | New | Medium-High | prawan | 1:23 | Must retain literal sexual-virginity/miraculous-conception sense |
| 42 | Angel of the Lord | ἄγγελος κυρίου | Incarnation narrative | New | Medium-High | malaékating Pangéran | 1:20 | Distinguish from dhemit, lelembut, ancestral spirits |
| 43 | Worship | προσκυνέω | Deity of Christ | New | Critical | nyembah | 2:11; 14:33; 28:9,17 | Must exceed ordinary keraton-hierarchy sembah deference; avoid sujud (Islamic prostration term) |
| 44 | Magi / wise men | μάγοι | Fulfillment of Prophecy | New | Medium-High | para ahli kawruh saking Tanah Wetan | 2:1 | Avoid dhukun; do not validate astrology/divination as revelation |
| 45 | Fulfillment formula | ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | New | High | supaya kelakon apa kang wus kapangandikakaké | 1:22 (~13 occurrences) | See #28 |
| 46 | King of the Jews | βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων | Messianic Promise | New | Medium | Ratuning wong Yahudi | 2:2; 27:37 | Bracket birth/death narrative |
| 47 | Temptation / tempt | πειρασμός / πειράζω | Discipleship | New | Medium-High | panggodha / nggodha | 4:1; 6:13 | Keep consistent across ch. 4 and Lord’s Prayer |
| 48 | Devil | διάβολος | Spiritual conflict | New | Medium | Iblis | 4:1 | Shared Islamic term; acceptable but note personal fallen-angel doctrine |
| 49 | Blessed | μακάριος | Beatitudes | New | High | Rahayu | 5:3-11 | Shares root with rejected karahayon (salvation alternative); requires note distinguishing kingdom-blessedness from salvation itself |
| 50 | Poor in spirit | πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι | Beatitudes | New | High | mlarat ing roh | 5:3 | Distinguish from ascetic self-mortification (tapa, tirakat) aimed at kasekten/kasampurnan |
| 51 | Meek | πραΰς | Beatitudes / Discipleship | New | High | andhap asor | 5:5 | Distinguish from mere social-hierarchy deference; biblical meekness is restrained strength trusting God, exercised even toward oppressors |
| 52 | All nations | πάντα τὰ ἔθνη (inclusive sense) | Great Commission | New | Medium | sakabehing bangsa | 24:14; 28:19 | Distinct from #26 “gentiles” (Jew/Gentile contrast); this is comprehensively inclusive of every people group |
| 53 | Pure in heart | καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ | Beatitudes / Sanctification | New | High | kang resik ing atine | 5:8 | Distinguish from ritual purity (wudhu, siraman) |
| 54 | Peacemakers | εἰρηνοποιοί | Beatitudes | New | Medium | kang mbangun katentreman | 5:9 | Active reconciliation, not passive conflict-avoidance (rukun) |
| 55 | Sons of God (plural, believers) | υἱοὶ θεοῦ | Adoption / Beatitudes | New | High | para putra ingkang katimbalan dados putranipun Gusti Allah | 5:9 | Must be visibly distinct from singular Critical title Putrané Gusti Allah (#7) |
| 56 | Persecuted for righteousness | δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης | Discipleship / Cost of Following | New | High | kang dikaniaya marga saka kabeneran | 5:10 | Do not soften; read with ch. 10 persecution material |
| 57 | Reward | μισθός | Beatitudes / Grace | New | Medium | ganjaran | 5:12 | Frame within grace, not utang budi merit-repayment logic |
| 58 | Hypocrite | ὑποκριτής | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | New | Medium | wong lamis | 6:2; 23:13ff | Consistent across chs. 6, 7, 15, 23 |
| 59 | Fulfill the Law | πληρόω (τὸν νόμον) | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Authority | New | High | netepi (+ reused angger-anggering Toret) | 5:17 | Jesus completes, does not abolish, the Torah |
| 60 | Righteousness exceeding the Pharisees | περισσεύσῃ ἡ δικαιοσύνη… πλεῖον | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | New (thesis statement) | High | (uses reused kabeneran) | 5:20 | Doctrine’s anchor verse; cross-reference every antithesis (5:21-48) |
| 61 | Antithesis formula (“you have heard… but I say”) | Ἠκούσατε … ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | New | High | Kowé wis krungu… nanging Aku pitutur marang kowé | 5:21-48 | Implicit claim to authority alongside Torah |
| 62 | Perfect | τέλειος | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | New | High | sampurna | 5:48 | Never confused with kasampurnan (ascetic mystical perfection) |
| 63 | Debts / forgive us our debts | ὀφειλήματα | Grace / Lord’s Prayer | New | Medium-High | kaluputan / ngapura kaluputan kita | 6:12 | Guard against utang budi framework; God’s forgiveness cancels the debt outright |
| 64 | Authority | ἐξουσία | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching / Great Commission | New | High | panguwaos | 7:29; 9:6; 28:18 | Personal, intrinsic teaching/ruling authority, not kasekten; culminates at 28:18 |
| 65 | Compassion | σπλαγχνίζομαι | Mission / Discipleship | New | Medium | trenyuh welas asih | 9:36 | — |
| 66 | Mercy / merciful | ἔλεος / ἐλεήμων | Beatitudes | New | Medium | welas asih | 5:7; 9:13; 12:7 | Anchor to God’s active, undeserved compassion |
| 67 | Mysteries of the kingdom | τὰ μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας | Kingdom of Heaven | New | Medium-High | wewadinipun Kratoning Swarga | 13:11 | Distinguish from esoteric guru-lineage secret knowledge |
| 68 | End of the age | συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος | Judgment and the End of the Age | New | Critical | pungkasaning jaman | 13:39-40; 24:3; 28:20 | Linear, one-time culmination; never the cyclical Jayabaya-style recurring-age cosmology |
| 69 | Furnace of fire / weeping and gnashing of teeth | κάμινος τοῦ πυρός / κλαυθμὸς καὶ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων | Judgment | New | High | dapur geni / nangis lan kerot-kerot untu | 13:42,50 | Preserve full judgment force |
| 70 | Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | ἡ τοῦ πνεύματος βλασφημία | Sanctification / Judgment | New | Critical | pamitenah marang Roh Suci | 12:31-32 | Depends on Spirit’s full personal divine status; never a dhemit/lelembut framing |
| 71 | Yoke / rest | ζυγός / ἀνάπαυσις | Discipleship | New | Medium-High | pasangan / kaleganan | 11:29-30 | Restful submission to Christ’s gentle authority vs. Pharisaic legal burden (ch. 23) |
| 72 | Keys of the kingdom / bind and loose | κλεῖδας τῆς βασιλείας / δέω, λύω | Church and Church Discipline | New | Critical | kunciné Kratoning Swarga / mbanda … ngluwari … | 16:19; 18:18 | Never framed as spirit-binding magic (santet-style occult binding); declarative doctrinal/disciplinary authority only |
| 73 | Cross-bearing / deny himself / lose-find life | ἆραι τὸν σταυρόν / ἀπαρνήσασθαι / ἀπολέσαι-εὑρεῖν τὴν ψυχήν | Discipleship and Cost of Following | New | High | manggul salibe / nyingkur awake dhewe / kélangan/nemu nyawane | 10:38-39; 16:24-25 | Preserve full paradoxical force |
| 74 | Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | Judgment / End of the Age | New | High | gesang langgeng | 19:16,29; 25:46 | Genuine unending duration, not reincarnation cycle |
| 75 | Regeneration / new world | παλιγγενεσία | Judgment / End of the Age | New | High | jagad kang énggal | 19:28 | Single cosmic renewal, not repeated personal rebirth |
| 76 | Ransom | λύτρον | Atonement (Son of Man’s mission) | New | Critical | tebusan | 20:28 | Not mere commercial/hostage payment; not Islamic fidyah; substitutionary, sin-bearing self-giving |
| 77 | Hosanna | Ὡσαννά | Messianic Promise | New | Medium | Hosana | 21:9,15 | Retain transliterated liturgical form; note Hebrew “save now” derivation |
| 78 | Stone the builders rejected | λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν | Fulfillment of Prophecy | New | High | watu kang ditolak déning para tukang gawé omah | 21:42 | — |
| 79 | Render to Caesar / to God | ἀπόδοτε τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι, τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τῷ θεῷ | Discipleship / civic order | New | Medium-High | wenehna marang Kaisar… marang Gusti Allah | 22:21 | Government/authority sensitivity, native speaker review |
| 80 | Woe | οὐαί | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | New | Medium-High | cilaka | 23:13ff | Prophetic judgment force, not casual exclamation |
| 81 | Gospel of the kingdom to all nations | τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας… πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν | Great Commission / Judgment | Reused/Extended | High | reuse Injil + Kratoning Swarga + sakabehing bangsa | 24:14 | Links Mission and Judgment doctrines |
| 82 | Abomination of desolation / great tribulation | τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως / θλῖψις μεγάλη | Judgment and the End of the Age | New | High | jinis panyuwak ingkang njalari karisakan / kasangsaran ageng | 24:15,21 | — |
| 83 | Parousia / coming of the Son of Man | παρουσία τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | Judgment and the End of the Age | New | Critical | rawuhipun Putraning Manungsa | 24:3,27,37,39 | Must not be conflated with the Javanese Ratu Adil/Satrio Piningit hidden-king expectation |
| 84 | Sheep and goats / least of these | τὰ πρόβατα, τὰ ἐρίφια / τῶν ἐλαχίστων | Judgment and the End of the Age | New | High | wedhus gèmbèl lan wedhus jawa / sing paling cilik ing antarané sedhèrèk-Ku | 25:32-40 | — |
| 85 | Eternal punishment | κόλασις αἰώνιος | Judgment and the End of the Age | New | Critical | siksa langgeng | 25:46 | Symmetrical with #74; never softened to temporary purgation or rebirth |
| 86 | Blood of the covenant | τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης | Atonement / Davidic-New Covenant | Reused/Extended | Critical | rah-Ku, rahing prajanjian (reuse prajanjian) | 26:28 | Same theologian-escalation rule as Romans 3:25 atonement language |
| 87 | Forgiveness of sins | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν | Atonement / Grace | New | Critical | pangapunten dosa | 26:28 | Grace-based cancellation, never slametan-style spirit-appeasement offering |
| 88 | Temple veil torn | τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ ἐσχίσθη | Atonement | New | High | geberé Padaleman Suci suwek | 27:51 | Signals opened access to God through Christ’s death |
| 89 | All authority in heaven and on earth | πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς | Great Commission / Authority | Reused/Extended | Critical | reuse panguwaos | 28:18 | Universal scope of #64; risen Christ’s own sovereign authority, never kasekten |
| 90 | Trinitarian baptismal formula | εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος | Great Commission / Trinity | Reused/Extended | Critical | ing asmanipun Sang Rama, saha Sang Putra, saha Roh Suci | 28:19 | Preserve unity (one name) and distinction (three Persons); fixed verbatim rendering recommended |
| 91 | ”I am with you always, to the end of the age” | ἐγὼ μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν εἰμι… ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος | Great Commission / Incarnation bookend | Reused/Extended | Critical | Aku bakal ndhèrèk kowé ing sadhengah wektu, tumeka ing pungkasaning jaman | 28:20 | Avoid tunggal/manunggal root (see Immanuel, #40); fixed verbatim rendering recommended |
Chapters Confirmed as Introducing No New Load-Bearing Vocabulary
- Chapter 14 — reuses: little faith (ch. 6/8), worship (ch. 2), Putrané Gusti Allah (ch. 3/4). Explicitly reviewed; no new terms.
All other chapters (1–13, 15–28) contribute at least one new load-bearing term or a doctrinally significant reuse/extension of a baseline term, as detailed in the table above and in 07_semantic_analysis.md.
Summary Risk Counts (Matthew-specific additions only, excluding baseline Reused-unchanged terms)
| Risk Tier | Count of New/Extended Matthew Terms |
|---|---|
| Critical | 15 |
| High | 22 |
| Medium | 15 |
| Low | 3 |
Terms requiring mandatory theologian review (Critical + High, new/extended): 37 Terms requiring native speaker review (Medium, new/extended): 15
This glossary must be loaded alongside the Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json for all Phase 2 Matthew translation work. New terms marked “New” above must be added to a Matthew-specific extension of translation_memory.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: Never use kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi. In Matthew this doctrine is carried narratively rather than by the noun itself: the parable of the workers (20:1-16) and the unforgiving servant (18:21-35) both require the same protection — reward/forgiveness given is not proportional payment or a discharged debt.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: shares its root with slametan, the communal ritual meal warding off misfortune. Matthew 1:21 (‘he will save his people from their sins’) is the Gospel’s first occurrence and anchors the mandatory teaching note distinguishing Christ’s once-for-all rescue from repeated protective ritual, required at every subsequent occurrence (8:25; 9:21-22; 14:30; 18:11; 19:25).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: anastasis / ēgerthē
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἠγέρθη
Category: Resurrection of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never titisan or reinkarnasi. Matthew 28 (28:6-7) is the doctrinal climax of the whole Gospel; apply the mandatory translator note here above every other Matthew occurrence (12:39-40; 16:21; 17:9,23; 20:19; 26:32; 27:63).
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Never ndara. Matthew 12:8 (‘the Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath’) requires deliberate context establishing exclusive divine Lordship, not keraton-hierarchy deference.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Putrané Gusti Allah
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Sonship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: full phrase required. Confirmed at 3:17, 14:33, 16:16, 17:5, 26:63, 27:54. Must be kept visibly distinct from the new plural sons_of_god_plural entry (Matthew 5:9).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah dados manungsa
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: manunggaling kawula gusti
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never manunggaling kawula gusti. Directly relevant to Matthew 1:18-23 (see the new incarnation_immanuel entry for the Immanuel-specific fencing rule).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Inherited from Romans package. Never kasekten. Distinct from the new Matthew-specific authority (panguwaos, exousia) entry below, though the two share a root and must both be fenced against kasekten identically.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Sang Mesias
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Satrio Piningit
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never Satrio Piningit. Use as the title-form whenever Matthew asserts or argues the messianic claim itself (1:1, 1:16-17, 16:16, 26:63); see the new christ_name_form entry for the compound-name usage (Kristus).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Iēsous / Yeshua
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never Nabi Isa. His name is given at 1:21 explicitly because ‘he will save his people from their sins.‘
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never shorten to bare Gusti. Retained in full even in Matthew 27:46’s cry of dereliction (‘My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?’).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never dhemit or lelembut. Active at Jesus’ conception (1:18,20), baptism (3:16), and the closing baptismal formula (28:19); the severity of Matthew 12:31-32’s unforgivable-sin warning depends entirely on this term’s full personal, divine status being understood.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Putraning Manungsa
Transliteration: ho huios tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: Son of Man Christology
Rejected alternatives: anak manungsa (literal, generic rendering)
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology / Judgment and the End of the Age
New term. A literal rendering flattens this Danielic title (Dan 7:13-14) into an ordinary phrase for ‘a human being,’ losing the double sense of humble humanity paired with end-time divine authority to judge and reign. Used ~30x across the Gospel; theologian review required at every occurrence given its structural centrality (8:20; 9:6; 12:8; 16:21,27-28; 17:22; 20:18,28; 24:27-44; 25:31; 26:64).
Incarnation Immanuel
Approved rendering: Imanuel, dipirsani ‘Gusti Allah nyarengi kita’
Transliteration: Emmanouēl
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: any tunggal/manunggal/nunggil-rooted gloss verb
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ (from Heb. עִמָּנוּ אֵל)
Category: Incarnation
New term. The natural Javanese verb for ‘with/united with’ is built on the tunggal root shared with the forbidden manunggaling kawula gusti (kejawen mystical fusion of self and Divine). Mandatory rule: never gloss using any tunggal/manunggal/nunggil-rooted verb; use nyarengi or ndhèrèk instead. Matthew 1:23.
Worship
Approved rendering: nyembah
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Worship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sujud
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Deity of Christ
New term. Sembah/nyembah is also the ordinary keraton-hierarchy gesture of ritual obeisance from a commoner toward a social superior. Every occurrence directed at Jesus (2:11; 8:2; 9:18; 14:33; 15:25; 20:20; 28:9,17) requires context establishing exclusive divine worship, not social deference. Avoid sujud, the specific Islamic prayer-prostration term, to prevent conflating Christian worship of Christ with Islamic ritual prayer.
Make Disciples
Approved rendering: ndadékaké sakabehing bangsa dadi sakabat
Transliteration: mathēteusate panta ta ethnē
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: The Great Commission
New term. Must retain both the comprehensive, unqualified scope (‘all nations’) and the specific sense of forming genuine, obedient followers (sakabat), not merely informing or persuading. Matthew 28:19, the Great Commission’s central imperative.
Blasphemy Against The Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: pamitenah marang Roh Suci
Transliteration: hē tou pneumatos blasphēmia
Doctrine: Sanctification and Purity of Heart
Original: ἡ τοῦ πνεύματος βλασφημία
Category: Sanctification / Judgment
New term. Must never use any term suggesting the Holy Spirit is merely one spirit-category among the Javanese unseen world (dhemit, lelembut); the severity of this unforgivable sin depends on the Spirit’s full personal, divine status being clearly understood. Matthew 12:31-32.
End Of The Age
Approved rendering: pungkasaning jaman
Transliteration: synteleia tou aiōnos
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Judgment and the End of the Age
New term. Javanese cosmology (Jayabaya tradition) envisions history moving through recurring cosmic ages, tied to a Ratu Adil or Satrio Piningit figure ushering renewal within a cyclical pattern. Must never be framed as one turn of a recurring cycle; mandatory teaching note at every occurrence (13:39-40; 24:3; 28:20), no sampling.
Keys Of The Kingdom Bind Loose
Approved rendering: kunciné Kratoning Swarga / mbanda… ngluwari…
Transliteration: tas kleidas tēs basileias / dēsēs-lysēs
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: τὰς κλεῖδας τῆς βασιλείας / δήσῃς-λύσῃς
Category: The Church and Church Discipline
New term. Javanese folk-spiritual practice includes binding/loosing idioms associated with occult power (santet, pengasihan, dhukun-mediated rites). Mandatory teaching note: this is delegated declarative doctrinal and disciplinary authority exercised through the Word by the gathered church, never a magical power to bind or release spirits. Matthew 16:19; 18:18, no sampling.
Ransom
Approved rendering: tebusan
Transliteration: lytron
Doctrine: Atonement (Ransom, Blood of the Covenant, Forgiveness of Sins)
Rejected alternatives: fidyah (Islamic ransom-substitute for a missed religious obligation)
Original: λύτρον
Category: Atonement
New term, not present in the Romans baseline. Risk: (1) read merely in its ordinary commercial/hostage sense without the substitutionary, sin-bearing dimension; (2) assimilated to the Islamic fidyah concept. Mandatory teaching note: personal, substitutionary self-giving paying sin’s actual penalty on behalf of others, once for all, never a financial transaction, fidyah, or utang budi. Matthew 20:28.
Parousia
Approved rendering: rawuhipun Putraning Manungsa
Transliteration: hē parousia tou huiou tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: The Parousia (Second Coming of Christ)
Rejected alternatives: Ratu Adil / Satrio Piningit framing
Original: ἡ παρουσία τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Judgment and the End of the Age
New term. Carries a distinct syncretism risk: the popular Ratu Adil (‘Just King’) expectation within the Jayabaya/Satrio Piningit prophetic tradition anticipates a hidden royal-messianic figure appearing to restore justice to Java. Mandatory teaching note: the Parousia is the specific, personal, visible, bodily return of Jesus Christ alone, publicly and unmistakably. Matthew 24:3,27,37,39, no sampling.
Eternal Punishment
Approved rendering: siksa langgeng
Transliteration: kolasis aiōnios
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: κόλασις αἰώνιος
Category: Judgment and the End of the Age
New term. Must preserve full, symmetrical, unending duration alongside gesang langgeng (eternal life) in the same verse; must not be softened into temporary purgation or assimilated to cyclical rebirth. Matthew 25:46.
Blood Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: rah-Ku, rahing prajanjian
Transliteration: to haima mou tēs diathēkēs
Doctrine: Atonement (Ransom, Blood of the Covenant, Forgiveness of Sins)
Original: τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Atonement / Davidic-New Covenant
New term, reusing the inherited High-risk prajanjian in a Critical-risk atonement context. Same mandatory theologian escalation as Romans 3:25 atonement language. Matthew 26:28.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: pangapunten dosa
Transliteration: aphesis hamartiōn
Doctrine: Atonement (Ransom, Blood of the Covenant, Forgiveness of Sins)
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Atonement / Grace
New term, paired with the inherited dosa. Primary teaching anchor for ‘forgiveness of sins’ across the whole curriculum. Must be taught as grace-based cancellation of sin’s guilt through Christ’s substitutionary death, never a slametan-style appeasement offering to ancestral or territorial spirits. Matthew 26:28.
All Authority
Approved rendering: sedaya panguwaos ing swarga saha ing bumi kaparingaken dhateng Kula
Transliteration: pasa exousia en ouranō kai epi gēs
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς
Category: Great Commission / Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
New term, the cosmic-scope culmination of the authority (panguwaos) entry below. The risen Christ’s own personal, God-given, total authority, never kasekten. Foundation of the Great Commission. Matthew 28:18.
Trinitarian Baptismal Formula
Approved rendering: ing asmanipun Sang Rama, saha Sang Putra, saha Roh Suci
Transliteration: eis to onoma tou patros kai tou huiou kai tou hagiou pneumatos
Doctrine: The Trinity (Baptismal Formula)
Rejected alternatives: any tunggal/manunggal-rooted phrasing
Original: εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: The Great Commission / God (Trinity)
New term, combining the inherited Rama, Putra (cf. Putrané Gusti Allah), and Roh Suci. Must preserve both unity (one name) and distinction (three Persons), avoiding phrasing suggesting three separate deities or a manunggal-style fusion. Fixed, verbatim rendering across all curriculum documents. Matthew 28:19.
Immanuel Closing Promise
Approved rendering: Aku bakal ndhèrèk kowé ing sadhengah wektu, tumeka ing pungkasaning jaman
Transliteration: egō meth’ hymōn eimi pasas tas hēmeras heōs tēs synteleias tou aiōnos
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: any tunggal/manunggal/nunggil-rooted verb
Original: ἐγὼ μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν εἰμι πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: The Great Commission / Incarnation bookend
New term, converging pungkasaning jaman (linear, not cyclical, eschatology) with the closing presence-promise, which must avoid any tunggal-rooted phrasing exactly as with Immanuel at 1:23. Uses ndhèrèk (accompany). Fixed, verbatim rendering recommended. Matthew 28:20.
Christ Name Form
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστός (as part of the compound personal name ‘Yesus Kristus’)
Category: Christology
New term, distinct in function from the inherited messiah (Sang Mesias) title-form though sharing the same Greek word. Use Kristus only when compounded with the personal name Yesus (‘Yesus Kristus’); use Sang Mesias whenever the title itself is being asserted or defended (e.g., 16:16, 26:63). Confusing the two forms risks flattening the title-claim into a mere surname or over-asserting the title where the text is simply naming Jesus.
High Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Inherited from Romans package. Never kasampurnan. Matthew-specific: carries both God-given standing and lived Kingdom-conduct exceeding Pharisaic external compliance (5:6,10,20; 6:33); track which sense is active at each occurrence.
Called
Approved rendering: katimbalan
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλητός
Category: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Never wahyu. Matthew 22:14 pairs this with pepilihanipun Gusti Allah (‘many are called, but few are chosen’); the two terms must remain visibly distinct.
Holy
Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Inherited from Romans package. Never kramat. Thematic throughout Matthew, underlying the Sanctification and Purity of Heart doctrine.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pensucen
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Distinct from ritual purification practice; in Matthew this is the theological frame behind 5:8 (‘pure in heart’) and the 15:11 teaching distinguishing moral dosa from ritual cemer.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: cemer
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Universal Human Accountability
Inherited from Romans package. Never leave as cemer (ritual impurity). Matthew 15:11 (‘not what enters the mouth defiles a person, but what comes out of the mouth’) is the clearest teaching text in the whole Bible anchoring dosa to moral transgression; use as the primary cross-reference across the curriculum.
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: Deity of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Never wahyu or kasekten. Attributed to the returning Son of Man in Matthew 24:30 and 25:31.
Covenant
Approved rendering: prajanjian
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked explicitly at the Last Supper, ‘my blood of the covenant’ (26:28); see the new blood_of_the_covenant entry for the Critical-risk atonement compound built on this term.
Election
Approved rendering: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: eklogē / eklektos
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Effectual Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Never wahyu. Matthew 22:14 is the clearest single-verse pairing of katimbalan (general call) and this term (narrower election) in the whole book; also used of the elect gathered at the end of the age (24:22,24,31).
Father
Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never Leluhur. Addressed throughout the Lord’s Prayer (6:9) and the Trinitarian formula (28:19).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: tedhak turune Dawud
Transliteration: sperma Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for descriptive, narrated genealogical statements (Matthew 1:1-17). Must be kept distinct from the new son_of_david entry below, which is a vocative/titular messianic acclamation form (9:27; 20:30-31; 21:9,15).
Son Of David
Approved rendering: Putrané Dawud
Transliteration: huios Dauid
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Davidic Covenant / Messianic Promise
New term, distinct in function from the inherited seed_of_david (descriptive lineage phrase). Functions in Matthew as a direct vocative/titular messianic acclamation shouted by petitioners and crowds (1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42).
Virgin
Approved rendering: prawan
Transliteration: parthenos
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘young woman’ softening
Original: παρθένος
Category: Incarnation
New term. Must retain the specific sense of sexual virginity and miraculous conception (Matthew 1:23, citing Isaiah 7:14); softening to a generic ‘young woman’ undercuts the Incarnation doctrine’s claim of a unique divine-human conception.
Angel Of The Lord
Approved rendering: malaékating Pangéran
Transliteration: angelos kyriou
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut, roh leluhur
Original: ἄγγελος κυρίου
Category: Incarnation narrative
New term. Must be kept distinct from Javanese folk-spirit categories (dhemit, lelembut, already forbidden for Holy Spirit) and from venerated ancestral spirits (roh leluhur). Matthew 1:20.
Fulfillment Formula
Approved rendering: supaya kelakon apa kang wus kapangandikakaké
Transliteration: hina/hopōs plērōthē to rhēthen dia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: ἵνα/ὅπως πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διά…
Category: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
New term. Matthew’s signature recurring formula (~13 occurrences: 1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:56; 27:9). Must be rendered as strict, linear, one-time historical fulfillment, never resembling the recurring, cyclical Jayabaya-prophecy pattern. Fixed identical wording required at every occurrence.
Blessed
Approved rendering: Rahayu
Transliteration: makarios
Doctrine: Kingdom Blessedness (the Beatitudes)
Original: μακάριος
Category: Beatitudes
New term. Rahayu shares its root with the baseline-rejected karahayon (a rejected salvation alternative). Every occurrence (5:3-11) requires a teaching note distinguishing present-and-future kingdom blessedness from the once-for-all rescue of kaslametan; the two are related but must never be treated as interchangeable.
Poor In Spirit
Approved rendering: mlarat ing roh
Transliteration: ptōchoi tō pneumati
Doctrine: Kingdom Blessedness (the Beatitudes)
Original: πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι
Category: Beatitudes
New term. Java’s ascetic traditions (tapa, tirakat, mati raga) prize deliberately cultivated poverty/renunciation as a path to kasekten or kasampurnan. Must be taught as the opposite direction: honest admission of spiritual emptiness that receives grace, not a disciplined technique that earns spiritual attainment. Matthew 5:3 (core passage).
Meek
Approved rendering: andhap asor
Transliteration: praus
Doctrine: Kingdom Blessedness (the Beatitudes)
Original: πραΰς
Category: Beatitudes / Discipleship
New term. Andhap asor names a subordinate’s correct deferential posture toward a social superior within Javanese hierarchy, not biblical meekness (a strength under God’s control, exercised even toward oppressors). Teaching note required. Matthew 5:5 (core passage); cf. 11:29, 21:5.
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: kang resik ing atine
Transliteration: katharoi tē kardia
Doctrine: Sanctification and Purity of Heart
Original: καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ
Category: Beatitudes / Sanctification
New term. Java has strong ritual-purity traditions (Islamic wudhu, kejawen siraman). Teaching note required: this is undivided inward moral devotion, not ritual washing or ceremonial preparation. Matthew 5:8 (core passage).
Sons Of God Plural
Approved rendering: para putra ingkang katimbalan dados putranipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: huioi theou
Doctrine: Adoption / Sonship of Believers
Original: υἱοὶ θεοῦ
Category: Adoption / Beatitudes
New term. Must be kept visibly and doctrinally distinct from the inherited Critical singular title Putrané Gusti Allah (Christ’s unique, eternal, co-equal Sonship); use plural marking (para putra) at every occurrence to keep the grammatical and theological distinction visible. Matthew 5:9, 5:45.
Persecuted For Righteousness
Approved rendering: kang dikaniaya marga saka kabeneran
Transliteration: dediōgmenoi heneken dikaiosynēs
Doctrine: Kingdom Blessedness (the Beatitudes)
Original: δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης
Category: Beatitudes / Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
New term, combining the inherited High-risk kabeneran with the Discipleship doctrine. Must not be softened; read together with chapter 10’s persecution material. Matthew 5:10 (core passage).
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: Kratoning Swarga
Transliteration: basileia tōn ouranōn
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: The Kingdom of Heaven
New term. Swarga (< Skt. svarga) carries Hindu-Buddhist merit-earned-afterlife connotations, possibly a temporary rebirth-state within a cosmic cycle. Every occurrence (3:2; 4:17; 5:3,10; 6:10,33; 13:11,24-52; 19:14; 21:43) requires a teaching note clarifying (1) it is not a merit-earned afterlife realm, and (2) it is the same reality as Kratoning Gusti Allah, Matthew’s reverential circumlocution, not a separate kingdom.
Mysteries Of The Kingdom
Approved rendering: wewadinipun Kratoning Swarga
Transliteration: ta mystēria tēs basileias
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: τὰ μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας
Category: The Kingdom of Heaven
New term. Wewadi (secret/mystery) must be distinguished from esoteric secret knowledge transmitted through mystical guru-lineages; Kingdom ‘mystery’ here is revealed truth disclosed openly by Jesus to all who receive him in faith. Matthew 13:11.
Repentance
Approved rendering: pitobat (n.) / mratobat (v.)
Transliteration: metanoia / metanoeō
Doctrine: Repentance and Kingdom Entry
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Discipleship / Kingdom entry
New term. Shared vocabulary with Islamic taubat (turning from sin via repentance and ritual acts such as istighfar). Must be anchored explicitly to turning toward Christ and his inaugurated Kingdom, not left as a generic religious turning satisfiable by Islamic devotional practice alone. Matthew 3:2; 4:17.
Fulfill The Law
Approved rendering: netepi
Transliteration: plērōsai (ton nomon)
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: πληρῶσαι (τὸν νόμον)
Category: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy / Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
New term, built on the inherited angger-anggering Toret. Jesus completes and brings to intended fullness the Law and Prophets, rather than annulling them. Matthew 5:17.
Antithesis Formula
Approved rendering: Kowé wis krungu yèn kapangandikakaké… nanging Aku pitutur marang kowé
Transliteration: ēkousate hoti errethē… egō de legō hymin
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη… ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν
Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
New term. Directly feeds the Authority of Jesus’ Teaching doctrine; an implicit claim to personal authority over sacred tradition. Fixed wording required across all six antitheses, Matthew 5:21-48.
Perfect
Approved rendering: sampurna
Transliteration: teleios
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan (mystical ascetic perfection)
Original: τέλειος
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
New term. Near-homophone/cognate proximity to the forbidden kasampurnan (ascetic mystical perfection, already rejected as a righteousness-alternative in the Romans baseline) makes this a serious collision risk. Permit only with a mandatory teaching note: Christlike, other-directed love (including love of enemies), never a mystical state reached through ascetic technique. Matthew 5:48.
Furnace Of Fire
Approved rendering: dapur geni / nangis lan kerot-kerot untu
Transliteration: kaminos tou pyros / klauthmos kai brygmos tōn odontōn
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: κάμινος τοῦ πυρός / κλαυθμὸς καὶ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων
Category: Judgment and the End of the Age
New term. Recurring Matthean judgment imagery (13:42,50; 8:12; 22:13; 24:51; 25:30) describing final, conscious, anguished exclusion from the Kingdom; must be preserved with full force, never softened.
Cross Bearing
Approved rendering: manggul salibe / nyingkur awake dhewe / kélangan-nemu nyawane
Transliteration: arai ton stauron / aparnēsasthai heauton / apolesai-heurein tēn psychēn
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἆραι τὸν σταυρόν / ἀπαρνήσασθαι ἑαυτόν / ἀπολέσαι-εὑρεῖν τὴν ψυχήν
Category: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
New term. Must retain the full paradoxical force (‘losing to find’); not flattened into a simple call to generic self-sacrifice or hardship. Matthew 10:38-39; 16:24-25.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: gesang langgeng
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Judgment and the End of the Age
New term. Must convey genuine, unending duration of life in God’s presence, not a temporary state within a rebirth cycle (parallel to the baseline’s titisan concern). Matthew 19:16,29; 25:46.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: jagad kang énggal
Transliteration: palingenesia
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Judgment and the End of the Age
New term. A single, universal, historical renewal of creation, not the repeated rebirth of individual souls. Matthew 19:28.
Stone The Builders Rejected
Approved rendering: watu kang ditolak déning para tukang gawé omah
Transliteration: lithon hon apedokimasan hoi oikodomountes
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες
Category: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
New term. A prophecy-fulfillment citation (Psalm 118) applied to Jesus’ rejection and vindication. Matthew 21:42.
Great Tribulation
Approved rendering: kasangsaran ageng / jinis panyuwak ingkang njalari karisakan
Transliteration: thlipsis megalē / to bdelygma tēs erēmōseōs
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: θλῖψις μεγάλη / τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως
Category: Judgment and the End of the Age
New term. An intense, unequaled future period of suffering preceding the Son of Man’s coming, drawing on Daniel’s prophecy. Matthew 24:15,21.
Sheep And Goats
Approved rendering: wedhus gèmbèl lan wedhus jawa / sing paling cilik ing antarané sedhèrèk-Ku
Transliteration: ta probata, ta eriphia / tōn elachistōn
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: τὰ πρόβατα, τὰ ἐρίφια / τῶν ἐλαχίστων
Category: Judgment and the End of the Age
New term. Final judgment separates humanity based on how they treated Christ’s ‘least’ brothers. Matthew 25:32-40.
Temple Veil Torn
Approved rendering: geberé Padaleman Suci suwek
Transliteration: to katapetasma tou naou eschisthē
Doctrine: Atonement (Ransom, Blood of the Covenant, Forgiveness of Sins)
Original: τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ ἐσχίσθη
Category: Atonement
New term. Signals that Christ’s death has opened direct access to God, removing the prior separation. Matthew 27:51.
Gospel Of The Kingdom To All Nations
Approved rendering: Injil Kratoning Swarga dipangandikaaken dhateng sakabehing bangsa
Transliteration: to euangelion tēs basileias… pasin tois ethnesin
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας… πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν
Category: The Great Commission / Judgment and the End of the Age
New term, combining the inherited Injil and the new Kratoning Swarga and all_nations entries. Directly links the Great Commission’s global scope to the timing of the end. Matthew 24:14.
Authority
Approved rendering: panguwaos
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
New term, sharing a root with the inherited Critical-risk panguwaosipun Gusti Allah. Must be taught as Jesus’ own intrinsic, personal teaching authority (7:29), extended to authority to forgive sins (9:6) and finally cosmic authority (see all_authority, 28:18); never kasekten. Track as a single developing thread across the book.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established term shared across Indonesian-archipelago Christian usage. Kabar kabungahan (news of joy) is too generic and loses the specific, unique proclamation of salvation through Christ. In Matthew always paired with ‘of the kingdom’ (Injil Kratoning Swarga, 4:23; 9:35; 24:14).
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith must always be specified as Christ. In Matthew demonstrated repeatedly by Gentile outsiders (centurion, 8:10; Canaanite woman, 15:28) as well as by the Twelve.
Apostle
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church and Church Discipline
Inherited from Romans package. Never rasul. Matthew’s only nominal use names the Twelve (10:2).
Adoption
Approved rendering: pengangkatan dadi putra
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Matthew 5:9’s ‘sons of God’ (plural, adoptive) language; see the new sons_of_god_plural entry for the specific Matthew rendering, which must remain visibly distinct from the singular Critical title Putrané Gusti Allah.
Peace
Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Inherited from Romans package. In Matthew 10:34 used contrastively (‘I have not come to bring peace, but a sword’); must not be softened, and the tension with this reused term must be explained rather than smoothed over.
Church
Approved rendering: pasamuwan
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: punden
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church and Church Discipline
Inherited from Romans package. Never punden. Matthew’s founding text is 16:18 (‘on this rock I will build my ekklēsia’) and the discipline procedure of 18:17.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: The Kingdom of Heaven
Inherited from Romans package. Matthew’s rarer synonym for Kratoning Swarga (kingdom_of_heaven, new entry below); used at 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43. Both phrases must be taught as the same reality, never two different kingdoms.
Law
Approved rendering: angger-anggering Toret
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: hukum agami
Original: νόμος
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Never hukum agami. Central to Matthew 5:17, Jesus’ claim to fulfill rather than abolish the Law.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: bangsa liya
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church and Church Discipline
Inherited from Romans package. Contrastive Jew/non-Jew sense (4:15; 10:5,18). Must be kept visibly distinct from the new all_nations entry, which is comprehensively inclusive rather than contrastive.
Mission
Approved rendering: pekabaran Injil
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Inherited from Romans package. Kept concrete and proclamation-focused; sensitive in a Muslim-majority context, use witness/proclamation language rather than confrontational conversion-pressure framing (10:1-42; 24:14; 28:19).
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israēl
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package. Matthew addresses Jesus’ ministry to ‘the lost sheep of the house of Israel’ (10:6; 15:24).
Disciple
Approved rendering: sakabat
Transliteration: mathētēs
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: murid
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
New term. Murid is the generic Javanese word for a disciple of a guru but carries strong guru-murid mystical-lineage (kejawen and pesantren) esoteric-transmission associations. Sakabat is the historically established Javanese Christian term, fixed for the whole curriculum from Matthew 5:1 onward.
Little Faith
Approved rendering: kang cupet pitadose
Transliteration: oligopistos
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ὀλιγόπιστος
Category: Faith
New term, a distinctly Matthean coinage. Render identically at every occurrence (6:30; 8:26; 14:31; 16:8; 17:20). Must read as a gentle rebuke of wavering trust, never condemnation of unbelief.
Magi
Approved rendering: para ahli kawruh saking Tanah Wetan
Transliteration: magoi
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: dhukun
Original: μάγοι
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
New term. Avoid dhukun (folk healer/diviner, already rejected in the baseline for ‘prophet’). Teaching note: God’s sovereign use of pagan star-watchers does not validate astrology or divination (primbon, nujum) as legitimate revelation. Matthew 2:1-12.
King Of The Jews
Approved rendering: Ratuning wong Yahudi
Transliteration: basileus tōn Ioudaiōn
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
Category: Messianic Promise
New term. Brackets Jesus’ birth (2:2) and death (27:11,37); title used mockingly by Rome and truly by God.
Temptation
Approved rendering: panggodha / nggodha
Transliteration: peirasmos / peirazō
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Discipleship
New term. Keep vocabulary identical across the wilderness narrative (4:1-11) and the Lord’s Prayer (6:13).
Devil
Approved rendering: Iblis
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Conflict
New term. Iblis is shared vocabulary with Islamic tradition (the fallen jinn who refused to bow to Adam); broadly acceptable in Indonesian/Javanese Christian usage, but requires a brief note confirming the Christian doctrine of a personal fallen angelic tempter distinct from jinn-cosmology. Matthew 4:1.
Peacemakers
Approved rendering: kang mbangun katentreman
Transliteration: eirēnopoioi
Doctrine: Kingdom Blessedness (the Beatitudes)
Original: εἰρηνοποιοί
Category: Beatitudes
New term, built on the inherited peace (katentreman). Must retain active, reconciling sense, not passive avoidance of conflict (risk given the Javanese social norm of rukun, surface harmony without actual reconciliation). Matthew 5:9 (core passage).
Reward
Approved rendering: ganjaran
Transliteration: misthos
Doctrine: Grace
Original: μισθός
Category: Beatitudes / Grace
New term. Must be taught consistently with the Grace doctrine: God’s generous response within a covenant relationship of grace, not repayment of a debt (utang budi) nor wages earned that place God in the recipient’s debt. Matthew 5:12 (core passage).
All Nations
Approved rendering: sakabehing bangsa
Transliteration: panta ta ethnē
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: πάντα τὰ ἔθνη (inclusive sense)
Category: The Great Commission
New term. Distinct from the inherited gentiles (bangsa liya, contrastive Jew/non-Jew sense); this phrase is comprehensively inclusive of every nation without exception. Matthew 24:14; 28:19. Never used interchangeably with bangsa liya.
Baptism
Approved rendering: baptis (n.) / mbaptisi (v.)
Transliteration: baptisma / baptizō
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Discipleship / The Great Commission
New term (established loanword). Distinguish from repeatable Javanese ritual bathing/purification customs (siraman); Christian baptism is a one-time public identification with repentance, and post-resurrection, with Christ himself. Matthew 3:6; 28:19.
Hypocrite
Approved rendering: wong lamis
Transliteration: hypokritēs
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ὑποκριτής
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
New term. Established, low-ambiguity Javanese term; keep consistent across chs. 6, 7, 15, and 23.
Mercy
Approved rendering: welas asih
Transliteration: eleos / eleēmōn
Doctrine: Kingdom Blessedness (the Beatitudes)
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεήμων
Category: Beatitudes
New term. Anchor to God’s own active, undeserved compassion, not merely a general human virtue of pity. Matthew 5:7 (core passage); 9:13; 12:7.
Yoke And Rest
Approved rendering: pasangan (yoke) / kaleganan (rest)
Transliteration: zygos / anapausis
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ζυγός / ἀνάπαυσις
Category: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
New term. Discipleship under Christ is restful submission to his gentle authority, not the burdensome legal performance revisited in chapter 23. Matthew 11:28-30.
Hosanna
Approved rendering: Hosana
Transliteration: hōsanna
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: Ὡσαννά (from Heb. hoshia-na, ‘save now’)
Category: Messianic Promise
New term. Retain the transliterated liturgical form, with a brief note on its Hebrew ‘save now’ derivation, tying it etymologically to kaslametan without collapsing the two terms. Matthew 21:9,15.
Woe
Approved rendering: cilaka
Transliteration: ouai
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: οὐαί
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
New term. Must be rendered with prophetic judgment force, not as a casual exclamation of misfortune. Matthew 23:13-36 (sevenfold woe).
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: pamuji sukur
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term; used at the Last Supper (26:27).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: patunggilan
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: kekancan
Inherited from Romans package. Thematic in Matthew 18:20, ‘where two or three are gathered in my name’.
Prophet
Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: dhukun
Original: προφήτης
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Never dhukun.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: pameca
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: primbon
Original: προφητεία
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Distinct from primbon. Matthew cites this concept roughly thirteen times via the new fulfillment_formula entry below.
David
Approved rendering: Dawud
Transliteration: Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Established proper-name form; Matthew’s genealogy (1:1-17) anchors Jesus’ identity in this line.
Referenced passages