Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Philippians — English → Javanese
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from every chapter of Philippians (1-4). Terms already present in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE] and reuse the recorded rendering exactly, with no deviation. New terms introduced by Philippians are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for addition to the shared translation memory before Phase 2 begins.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence), High (human theologian review), Medium (native speaker review recommended), Low (automated review sufficient).
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No Deviation Permitted)
| English Term | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Relevant Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | Injil | Medium | Partnership in the Gospel | 1, 4 | Reused exactly; content must stay tied to proclamation of Christ, not generic teaching |
| grace | sih-rahmat | Critical | (background to Righteousness by Faith) | 1 | Reused exactly; never kasekten/wahyu/utang budi |
| faith | pitados | Medium | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 1, 3 | Object of faith = Christ, specified in context |
| righteousness | kabeneran | Critical | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 1, 3 | Never kasampurnan |
| salvation | kaslametan | Critical | (background) | 1, 2 | Mandatory translator note distinguishing from slametan ritual, every occurrence |
| resurrection | wungu saka pati | Critical | Power of His Resurrection | 3 | Never titisan/reinkarnasi |
| lord | Gusti | Critical | Lordship of Christ (core passage) | 2 | Every occurrence needs context beyond feudal/keraton deference |
| son_of_god / deity of Christ | Putrané Gusti Allah / kaping-Allahanipun | Critical | Deity/Sonship of Christ (core passage) | 2 | Background to morphē Theou, isa Theō |
| incarnation | Gusti Allah dados manungsa | Critical | Incarnation & Self-Emptying (core passage) | 2 | Never manunggaling kawula gusti; directly relevant to kenosis analysis |
| peace | katentreman | Medium | Contentment; Peace of God | 4 | Relational, not meditative-technique peace |
| fellowship | patunggilan | Low | Partnership in the Gospel; Unity | 1, 2, 3 | Combined with Injil/Roh Suci/sangsara for compound senses |
| church | pasamuwan | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 1, 4 | Background term for the addressed community |
| saints | para suci | Medium | (background) | 1, 4 | Addressed recipients of the letter (1:1) |
| glory | kamulyan | High | Deity of Christ (core passage); riches in glory | 2, 4 | Never wahyu/kasekten |
| power_of_god | panguwaosipun Gusti Allah | Critical | Power of His Resurrection | 3 | Combined with wungu saka pati for 3:10 |
| calling | katimbalanipun Gusti Allah | High | Pressing on toward the Goal | 3 | Background to the “prize of the calling” (3:14) |
| law | angger-anggering Toret | Medium | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 3 | Contrast term in 3:9 |
| jesus | Gusti Yesus | Critical | Core passage; throughout | 1-4 | Never Nabi Isa |
| god | Gusti Allah | Critical | Core passage; throughout | 1-4 | Never bare Gusti |
| holy_spirit | Roh Suci | Critical | Core passage v.1; 1:19 | 1, 2 | Never dhemit/lelembut |
| father | Rama | High | Core passage v.11 | 2 | Combined with Gusti Allah, never bare |
| thanksgiving | pamuji sukur | Low | Contentment; prayer | 4 | Combined with pandonga/panyuwunan |
| exhort | pitutur | Low | Unity (core passage v.1) | 2 | — |
| intercession | pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya | Medium | Prayer (4:6 background) | 4 | Background term for “petition” |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by Philippians (Proposed Additions to Translation Memory)
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| self-emptying (kenosis) | ekenōsen heauton | ngeculaken kamulyanipun piyambak | Critical | Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis) | 2 (core, v.7) | ngothongaken/ngesuwungaken sarirané (rejected: too close to kejawen ascetic ego-emptying practice aimed at merging with the Divine) | Christ (already fully divine) voluntarily set aside outward glory/privilege to take servant-form — the reverse direction of any human self-emptying technique aimed at union with God. Mandatory translator note every occurrence, parity with baseline’s kaslametan note requirement. |
| humbled himself | etapeinōsen heauton | ngasoraken sarirané piyambak | High | Incarnation/Kenosis; Unity and Humility | 2 (core, v.8) | — | Distinct verb from kenosis (v.7); a further voluntary self-lowering unto death |
| form of God | morphē Theou | wewujudanipun Gusti Allah | Critical | Deity of Christ / Incarnation | 2 (core, v.6) | — | True, eternal nature, not a temporary wayang-style theophanic appearance |
| a thing to be grasped | harpagmon | prakawis ingkang kedah kacepengan kanggé kauntungan piyambak | High | Incarnation/Kenosis | 2 (core, v.6) | — | Preserve full compound; do not shorten, to avoid implying Christ was not truly equal with God |
| form of a servant | morphēn doulou | wewujudan abdi | High | Incarnation/Kenosis; Humility | 2 (core, v.7) | — | Genuine servanthood, not honorary court-title language |
| likeness of men | homoiōmati anthrōpōn | kaemperan manungsa | High | Humanity of Christ | 2 (core, v.7) | — | Must affirm real, complete humanity (anti-docetic) |
| found in human form | schēmati | kaanan kadya manungsa | High | Humanity of Christ | 2 (core, v.8) | — | Same anti-docetic caution as above |
| highly exalted | hyperypsōsen | ngluhuraken ngungkuli sadaya | High | Lordship of Christ | 2 (core, v.9) | — | Must retain “above all,” never softened to mere “honored” |
| name above every name | to onoma to hyper pan onoma | asma ingkang ngungkuli sadaya asma | High | Lordship of Christ | 2 (core, v.9) | — | — |
| humility | tapeinophrosynē | andhap asor | Critical | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2 (core, v.3; also v.8’s tapeinoō root) | — | Must be taught as voluntary, others-directed self-lowering (esp. by a superior), not status-appropriate deference performed by a social inferior within Javanese feudal-derived hierarchy |
| one accord / same mind | to auto phronein / sympsychoi | sarujuk ing panggalih | High | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2 (core, v.2) | manunggal (ing panggalih) (rejected: root of the forbidden manunggaling kawula gusti; reserved exclusively for the forbidden human-divine-fusion sense) | Never use manunggal for interpersonal church unity |
| love | agapē | katresnan | Medium | Unity and Humility; Partnership in the Gospel | 1, 2 (core, v.1) | — | Distinguish from romantic love and from feudal loyalty/service obligation |
| joy / rejoice | chara / chairō | kabungahan / bungah | Medium | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | 1, 2 (core, v.2), 4 | kabegjan (rejected: names circumstantial luck/fortune, not gospel joy) | Must be taught as joy sustained through suffering, not contingent on favorable circumstance |
| chains / imprisonment | desmoi / desmios | rante / kaurungan | Medium | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | 1 | — | Paired teaching point: joy expressed through real hardship |
| partnership in the gospel | koinōnia eis to euangelion | patunggilan ing pekabaran Injil | Medium | Partnership in the Gospel | 1, 4 | — | Retain active/financial-participatory nuance beyond generic fellowship |
| overseers | episkopoi | pinituwa pasamuwan | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 1 | — | Spiritual office, not civil village-authority title |
| deacons | diakonoi | diaken | Low-Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 1 | — | Transliterated; spiritual service office |
| knowing Christ | gnōsis (tou Christou) | pangertosan Gusti Yesus Kristus | High | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law; Pressing on toward the Goal | 3 | — | Never assimilated to ngelmu (esoteric mystical wisdom attained via ascetic technique/guru-murid transmission) |
| rubbish/dung | skybala | runtah | Low | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 3 | — | Register note: deliberately coarse in the Greek |
| mature/perfect | teleios | diwasa (ing pitados) | Critical | Pressing on toward the Goal | 3 | kasampurnan (rejected — explicit forbidden substitution; names self-attained mystical perfection via ascetic practice, contradicting Phil 3:12’s denial of already having “attained”) | Extends baseline’s righteousness/imputed_righteousness forbidden-term logic into this new context |
| press on / pursue | diōkō | ngoyak | Low | Pressing on toward the Goal | 3 | — | — |
| goal / mark | skopos | ancas | Low | Pressing on toward the Goal | 3 | — | — |
| prize | brabeion | pengajen | Low | Pressing on toward the Goal | 3 | — | Cultural-background note: Greco-Roman athletic-games imagery unfamiliar in Java; clarity issue, not doctrinal risk |
| Savior | sōtēr | Jurusalamet | Critical | Citizenship in Heaven | 3 | — | New term built on same root as kaslametan; inherits identical slametan-ritual collision risk; mandatory translator note every occurrence |
| citizenship (in heaven) | politeuma / politeuomai | kawarganegaran ing swarga (noun) / mesu budi dados warga ingkang pantes (verb, 1:27) | High | Citizenship in Heaven | 1, 3 | — | Distinguish from Indonesian national citizenship and from keraton-subject (kawula) status; present spiritual reality with future consummation |
| fellowship of his sufferings | koinōnia pathēmatōn autou | patunggilan ing sangsaranipun | Medium-High | Joy in Suffering; Pressing on toward the Goal | 3 | — | — |
| power of his resurrection | dynamis anastaseōs autou | panguwaosing wunguipun saking pati | Critical | Pressing on toward the Goal | 3 | — | Compound of two already-Critical baseline terms |
| circumcision | peritomē | tetak | Medium-High | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 3 | — | Sensitive alongside Islamic khitan/sunat; critique targets misplaced confidence, not the practice itself |
| flesh (confidence in) | sarx | daging | Medium | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 3 | — | — |
| contentment | autarkēs / autarkeia | marem | Critical | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4 | nrimo (ing pandum) (rejected — explicit forbidden substitution; names passive fatalistic acceptance of fate, already rejected by baseline for Providence) | Every occurrence needs a translator note distinguishing learned, Christ-empowered contentment from fatalistic resignation |
| strengthen/empower | endynamoō | paring kakuwatan | High | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4 | kasekten (rejected — magical/ascetic-earned potency) | Personal gift of strength from Christ, received not accumulated |
| be anxious for nothing | mēden merimnate | sampun sami sumelang | Medium | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4 | — | Active trust-filled prayer, not resigned non-concern |
| peace of God (surpassing understanding) | eirēnē tou Theou hē hyperechousa panta noun | katentremanipun Gusti Allah ingkang ngungkuli sadaya nalar | Medium | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4 | — | Relational peace from God, not meditative-technique stillness |
| giving and receiving | dosis kai lēpsis | pawewehan lan panampi | Low | Partnership in the Gospel | 4 | — | — |
| fragrant offering / acceptable sacrifice | osmē euōdias / thysia dektē | ganda arum, kurban ingkang katampi dening Gusti Allah | Medium-High | Partnership in the Gospel | 2, 4 | — | Distinguish from sesajen offerings to spirits/ancestors; a financial gift as worship to God through Christ |
| poured out as a drink offering | spendomai | kaesokaken kadya kurban donga | Medium-High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | 2 | — | Same sesajen-distinction caution as above |
| God who works in you | ho energōn en hymin | Gusti Allah ingkang makarya wonten ing panjenengan | High | (background to Contentment / Unity) | 2 | kasekten (rejected) | God’s personal empowering, never self-cultivated potency |
| work out your salvation | katergazesthe…sōtērian | damel dados kanyataan kaslametanipun | Critical | (background) | 2 | — | Inherits full baseline kaslametan/slametan mandatory note; risk of “earning” misreading is heightened by the active verb |
| mind/attitude | phroneō | manah | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2 (core, v.2, v.5) | — | Must stay anchored to “in Christ Jesus,” not private meditative cultivation |
| affection and compassion | splanchna kai oiktirmoi | welas asih | Low | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2 (core, v.1) | — | — |
| word of life | logon zōēs | pangandikaning gesang | Medium | (background to Gospel) | 2 | — | Keep tethered to Injil content |
Section C — Proper Names (Low Risk; Established/Extended Transliteration Forms)
| English | Javanese | Chapters | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Timothy | Timotheus | 1, 2 | Established Indonesian-archipelago form |
| Epaphroditus | Epafraditus | 2, 4 | — |
| Euodia | Euodia | 4 | — |
| Syntyche | Sintikhe | 4 | — |
| Clement | Klemens | 4 | — |
| Caesar | Kaisar | 4 | — |
| Christ (title, as distinct from “Jesus”) | Kristus | 1-4 | Per established transliteration standard in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md; always paired correctly with Gusti Yesus per baseline jesus entry |
Risk Tier Summary (Philippians-Specific New Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count of New Terms | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 7 (self-emptying, humility, mature/perfect, Savior, contentment, power of his resurrection, work out your salvation) | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 9 (form of God, thing to be grasped, form of a servant, likeness of men, found in human form, highly exalted, name above every name, one accord, knowing Christ, citizenship in heaven, strengthen/empower, God who works in you) | Human theologian |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 10 | Automated review |
Note: counts reflect newly-proposed terms only; baseline-reused terms retain their original baseline risk classification and routing per doctrine_risk_registry.json.
All new terms in Section B must be reviewed by a human theologian (Critical/High tier) or native speaker (Medium tier) and formally added to an updated translation_memory.json (version increment required) before any Phase 2 segment translation of Philippians begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Background to the Righteousness-by-Faith-vs-Law doctrine in Philippians 3 and the epistolary grace-greeting/closing in 1:2 and 4:23. Never kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi. Inherited from Romans package.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan kang digayuh
Directly parallels Philippians 3:9’s ‘righteousness from God that depends on faith,’ credited rather than earned. Inherited from Romans package.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Occurs in Philippians 1:19, 1:28, 2:12; mandatory translator note distinguishing Christ’s once-for-all rescue from the slametan ritual meal required at every occurrence, especially 2:12 where the active verb ‘work out’ heightens the earning-misreading risk. Inherited from Romans package.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: wungu saka pati
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Feeds Philippians 3:10-11’s ‘power of his resurrection’ and 3:21’s bodily transformation hope; never titisan or reinkarnasi. Inherited from Romans package.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Putrané Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Putrané Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:6’s ‘form of God’ and ‘equality with God’ presuppose this same eternal Sonship, though the exact phrase does not recur verbatim in Philippians; retained for background doctrinal consistency across curricula. Inherited from Romans package.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah dados manungsa
Transliteration: Gusti Allah dados manungsa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: manunggaling kawula gusti
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
Directly relevant to Philippians 2:6-7’s kenosis; never manunggaling kawula gusti. Inherited from Romans package.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Combines with wungu saka pati in Philippians 3:10 (‘power of his resurrection’); never kasekten. Inherited from Romans package.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Occurs throughout Philippians, especially the Kenosis hymn (2:10-11) and 3:20-21; never Nabi Isa. Inherited from Romans package.
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Never shortened to bare Gusti; occurs throughout Philippians. Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Occurs in Philippians 1:19 and 2:1 (‘fellowship of the Spirit’) and 3:3 (‘worship by the Spirit of God’); never dhemit or lelembut. Inherited from Romans package.
Self Emptying
Approved rendering: ngeculaken kamulyanipun piyambak
Transliteration: ngeculaken kamulyanipun piyambak
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: ngesuwungaken sarira, ngothongaken sarira
Original: ἐκένωσεν ἑαυτόν
Category: Christology
CRITICAL — curriculum namesake doctrine (Phil 2:7). No Javanese verb built on ‘empty’ (kothong/suwung) avoids evoking kejawen ascetic self-emptying (ngesuwungaken) aimed at merging with the Divine, the same trajectory already forbidden as manunggaling kawula gusti. Ngeculaken (‘release/let go of’) preserves the opposite direction: God, already fully divine, voluntarily takes on human servanthood, once, in history. Mandatory translator note every occurrence, parity with the baseline’s kaslametan requirement.
Form Of God
Approved rendering: wewujudanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: wewujudanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: μορφῇ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Phil 2:6. Must never be read through the lens of Javanese wayang narratives in which a deity temporarily assumes visible manifestation among mortals and then departs; this is what Christ eternally and truly is.
Equality With God
Approved rendering: sami kaliyan Gusti Allah
Transliteration: sami kaliyan Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ἴσα Θεῷ
Category: Christology
Phil 2:6. Must not be softened to mere likeness or resemblance; directly reinforces the Deity of Christ doctrine.
Jesus Christ Is Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus Kristus punika Gustinipun
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus Kristus punika Gustinipun
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
Phil 2:11. Must remain verbatim-consistent with the baseline’s required Romans 10:9 rendering pattern (Gusti Yesus punika Gustinipun), extended here to the full title ‘Jesus Christ.‘
Humility
Approved rendering: andhap asor
Transliteration: andhap asor
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Ethics
Phil 2:3, 2:8 (tapeinophrosynē). Andhap asor is deeply embedded in Javanese social life as hierarchical decorum — the expected posture of a socially inferior person (wong cilik) toward a superior (priyayi) — but biblical tapeinophrosynē here is the reverse movement: the superior (Christ, ‘in the form of God’) voluntarily lowering himself for those beneath him. Every occurrence requires a teaching note distinguishing this from status-appropriate deference.
Work Out Your Salvation
Approved rendering: damel dados kanyataan kaslametanipun
Transliteration: damel dados kanyataan kaslametanipun
Doctrine: Sanctification: Working Out Salvation
Original: κατεργάζεσθε…σωτηρίαν
Category: Salvation
Phil 2:12. Inherits the full baseline kaslametan/slametan mandatory translator note, heightened here because the active verb ‘work out’ could, without the note, be misread as earning salvation through effort-logic parallel to the slametan ritual meal, rather than living out a rescue already accomplished by grace.
Mature Perfect
Approved rendering: diwasa (ing pitados)
Transliteration: diwasa (ing pitados)
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: τέλειος
Category: Faith
Phil 3:12, 3:15 (teleios). CRITICAL — explicit forbidden substitution. NEVER render as kasampurnan, already rejected by the baseline for naming self-attained mystical perfection through Javanese ascetic discipline. Phil 3:12 explicitly denies Paul has ‘already attained’ or ‘become perfect’ — exactly the self-attainment claim kasampurnan implies.
Power Of His Resurrection
Approved rendering: panguwaosing wunguipun saking pati
Transliteration: panguwaosing wunguipun saking pati
Doctrine: Resurrection Power and Hope
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις (τῆς) ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ
Category: Eschatology
Phil 3:10 (dynamis tēs anastaseōs autou). A compound of two already-Critical baseline terms (power_of_god and resurrection); the forbidden-substitution rules for both apply in full.
Savior
Approved rendering: Jurusalamet
Transliteration: Jurusalamet
Doctrine: Savior and the Return of Christ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Phil 3:20 (sōtēr). New term built deliberately on the same slamet root as the baseline’s kaslametan for internal consistency, but it therefore inherits the identical risk of association with slametan, the protective ritual meal. Every occurrence requires a translator note distinguishing Christ the Savior, who once-for-all rescues and will return to complete that rescue, from a ritual specialist or repeated protective rite.
Contentment
Approved rendering: marem
Transliteration: marem
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: nrimo ing pandum
Original: αὐτάρκης
Category: Contentment
Phil 4:11-13 (autarkēs). The baseline already explicitly rejects nrimo ing pandum for the Providence doctrine because it names passive, fatalistic acceptance of an impersonal lot without a personal, purposive God behind it. Philippians 4:11-13 describes a learned, Christ-empowered contentment grounded in ‘him who strengthens me,’ not detached resignation to fate; every occurrence requires a mandatory translator note.
High Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran
Transliteration: kabeneran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Critical to Philippians 3:9’s righteousness-by-faith-vs-law contrast; never kasampurnan, which names self-attained mystical perfection through Javanese ascetic discipline, exactly the opposite of Paul’s argument. Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
In Philippians 2:11 this is the confessional climax of the Kenosis hymn; context must establish Christ’s exclusive cosmic Lordship over ‘every knee’ and ‘every tongue,’ not keraton-style deference. Inherited from Romans package.
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Central to Philippians 2:9-11 (Christ’s exaltation) and 4:19 (riches in glory); never wahyu or kasekten. Inherited from Romans package.
Calling
Approved rendering: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Background to Philippians 3:14’s ‘prize of the upward calling’; never wahyu. Inherited from Romans package.
Father
Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: Rama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Occurs in Philippians 1:2, 2:11, 4:20, always in the full compound Gusti Allah Rama; never Leluhur. Inherited from Romans package.
Thing To Be Grasped
Approved rendering: prakawis ingkang kedah kacepengan kanggé kauntungan piyambak
Transliteration: prakawis ingkang kedah kacepengan kanggé kauntungan piyambak
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ἁρπαγμόν
Category: Christology
Phil 2:6 (harpagmon). No single Javanese lexical equivalent exists; the compound phrase must be preserved intact and never shortened, or it risks implying Christ merely appeared not to be equal with God rather than truly was equal with God and chose not to exploit that status.
Form Of A Servant
Approved rendering: wewujudan abdi
Transliteration: wewujudan abdi
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: μορφὴν δούλου
Category: Christology
Phil 2:7. Abdi is culturally resonant with keraton court service to a lord, which helpfully illustrates voluntary lowly service, but must be taught as genuine servanthood Christ actually took, not honorary court-title language.
Likeness Of Men
Approved rendering: kaemperan manungsa
Transliteration: kaemperan manungsa
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων
Category: Christology
Phil 2:7. Anti-docetic caution: must be paired with explicit teaching that this is real, complete humanity, avoiding the wayang motif of gods temporarily manifesting among mortals as mere appearance.
Found In Human Form
Approved rendering: kaanan kadya manungsa
Transliteration: kaanan kadya manungsa
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: σχήματι
Category: Christology
Phil 2:8 (schēmati). Same docetism caution as likeness_of_men — must not be read as ‘seemed human but wasn’t.‘
Humbled Himself
Approved rendering: ngasoraken sarirané piyambak
Transliteration: ngasoraken sarirané piyambak
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν
Category: Christology
Phil 2:8. Distinct from but continuous with kenosis (2:7); a sovereign, voluntary act by one under no social obligation to defer to anyone — not status-appropriate deference within a hierarchy.
Highly Exalted
Approved rendering: ngluhuraken ngungkuli sadaya
Transliteration: ngluhuraken ngungkuli sadaya
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ὑπερύψωσεν
Category: Christology
Phil 2:9. Must not be softened to mere ‘honored’ or ‘praised,’ which would lose the ‘above every name’ comprehensiveness central to the Lordship of Christ doctrine.
Name Above Every Name
Approved rendering: asma ingkang ngungkuli sadaya asma
Transliteration: asma ingkang ngungkuli sadaya asma
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα
Category: Christology
Phil 2:9. Cross-references the glory and lordship_of_christ High/Critical entries.
Every Knee Bow
Approved rendering: saben dhengkul kedah sujud
Transliteration: saben dhengkul kedah sujud
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ
Category: Christology
Phil 2:10. This universality of submission must not be qualified or restricted; connects to universal_scope_of_gospel.
Same Mind
Approved rendering: sarujuk ing panggalih
Transliteration: sarujuk ing panggalih
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: manunggal (ing panggalih)
Original: σύμψυχοι / τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν
Category: Ethics
Phil 2:2 (sympsychoi / to auto phronein). Manunggal is the root of the forbidden manunggaling kawula gusti human-divine-fusion teaching and must never be reused for interpersonal church unity.
Poured Out As Drink Offering
Approved rendering: kaesokaken kadya kurban donga
Transliteration: kaesokaken kadya kurban donga
Doctrine: Sacrificial Worship and Giving
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Suffering
Phil 2:17 (spendomai). Sacrificial/offering language must be clearly directed to God through Christ, distinguished from sesajen, the ritual offerings Javanese tradition places at sacred sites for ancestral or territorial spirits.
Fellowship Of His Sufferings
Approved rendering: patunggilan ing sangsaranipun Gusti Yesus Kristus
Transliteration: patunggilan ing sangsaranipun Gusti Yesus Kristus
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: κοινωνία (τῶν) παθημάτων αὐτοῦ
Category: Suffering
Phil 3:10 (koinōnia pathēmatōn autou). Knowing Christ includes sharing his suffering, reinforcing the Joy-in-Suffering doctrine; must not be flattened to mere sympathy but genuine union with Christ.
God Who Works In You
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah ingkang makarya wonten ing panjenengan
Transliteration: Gusti Allah ingkang makarya wonten ing panjenengan
Doctrine: Sanctification: Working Out Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν
Category: God
Phil 2:13 (ho energōn en hymin). Grounds 2:12’s command in divine enabling, not human self-effort; must never slide toward kasekten (self-cultivated spiritual potency).
Fragrant Offering
Approved rendering: ganda arum, kurban ingkang katampi dening Gusti Allah
Transliteration: ganda arum, kurban ingkang katampi dening Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Sacrificial Worship and Giving
Original: ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, θυσία δεκτή
Category: Partnership
Phil 4:18 (osmē euōdias, thysia dektē). Must be clearly distinguished from sesajen (ritual offerings placed to appease or honor spirits/ancestors); this is a gift received by God through Christ as worship, not an appeasement or merit-earning offering.
Knowing Christ
Approved rendering: pangertosan Gusti Yesus Kristus
Transliteration: pangertosan Gusti Yesus Kristus
Doctrine: Knowing Christ Relationally
Original: γνῶσις (τοῦ Χριστοῦ)
Category: Faith
Phil 3:8, 3:10 (gnōsis tou Christou). Must never be assimilated to ngelmu, the kejawen esoteric wisdom attained through ascetic discipline and guru-murid transmission; this is relational trust and union with a specific historical/risen person, received by faith.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: tetak
Transliteration: tetak
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
Phil 3:2-5 (peritomē). Khitan/sunat is a major Islamic rite of passage in Javanese society; the critique targets misplaced confidence in ritual/ethnic identity, not the practice of circumcision itself or, by extension, Islamic practice generally.
Citizenship
Approved rendering: kawarganegaran ing swarga
Transliteration: kawarganegaran ing swarga
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: πολίτευμα
Category: Citizenship
Phil 3:20 (politeuma). Must be distinguished both from modern Indonesian national citizenship (kawarganegaran Indonesia) and from being a subject (kawula) of an earthly keraton; a present spiritual reality with a future consummation, not a political-cultural identity.
Conduct As Citizens
Approved rendering: mesu budi dados warga ingkang pantes
Transliteration: mesu budi dados warga ingkang pantes
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: πολιτεύεσθε
Category: Citizenship
Phil 1:27 (politeuesthe). Anticipates 3:20’s citizenship-in-heaven doctrine; the civic resonance in Philippi (a Roman colonia) has a real, though different, cultural analogue in Javanese keraton-subject identity, which must be handled with the same care as kingdom_of_god.
Strengthen Empower
Approved rendering: paring kakuwatan
Transliteration: paring kakuwatan
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: ἐνδυναμοῦντι
Category: Contentment
Phil 4:13 (endynamounti). Must never be rendered through kasekten (self- or ascetically-cultivated spiritual potency); this is a personal gift of strength from Christ, received, not accumulated.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Anchors the Partnership in the Gospel doctrine in Philippians 1:5, 1:7, 4:15; content must remain the specific proclamation of Christ, not a generic teaching category. Inherited from Romans package.
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Object of faith (Christ) must be specified in context, especially Philippians 3:9’s faith/law contrast. Inherited from Romans package.
Peace
Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: katentreman
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
In Philippians 4:7 this is God’s own peace guarding the heart, not a meditative inner-stillness achieved by technique. Inherited from Romans package.
Church
Approved rendering: pasamuwan
Transliteration: pasamuwan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: punden
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Background term for the Philippian congregation addressed throughout the letter. Inherited from Romans package.
Saints
Approved rendering: para suci
Transliteration: para suci
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Philippians 1:1 addresses ‘all the saints’; must not be read as a venerated elite comparable to the Wali Songo whose tombs are visited for blessing. Inherited from Romans package.
Law
Approved rendering: angger-anggering Toret
Transliteration: angger-anggering Toret
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: hukum agami
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Contrast term in Philippians 3:9’s righteousness-by-faith-vs-law argument. Inherited from Romans package.
Adoption
Approved rendering: pengangkatan dadi putra
Transliteration: pengangkatan dadi putra
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Background to Philippians 2:15’s ‘children of God’; full, permanent sonship with inheritance rights. Inherited from Romans package.
Intercession
Approved rendering: pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya
Transliteration: pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: nyuwun berkah ing kuburan
Original: ἔντευξις
Category: Faith
Background term for Philippians 4:6’s ‘petition.’ Inherited from Romans package.
Obedient Unto Death
Approved rendering: mituhu ngantos dumugi ing pati
Transliteration: mituhu ngantos dumugi ing pati
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ὑπακοὸς μέχρι θανάτου
Category: Christology
Phil 2:8. Connects to the baseline’s obedience_of_faith doctrine but here the obedience is Christ’s own, not the believer’s response.
Death Of A Cross
Approved rendering: pati ing kajeng salib
Transliteration: pati ing kajeng salib
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: θανάτου σταυροῦ
Category: Christology
Phil 2:8. The shame-dimension of crucifixion (a slave’s death) should be preserved in teaching notes as the ultimate depth of the self-emptying/self-humbling movement.
Love
Approved rendering: katresnan
Transliteration: katresnan
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
Phil 1:9, 2:1-2 (agapē). Katresnan can carry romantic connotations in ordinary speech and, in a feudal-honor context, risks conflation with dutiful service owed to a lord (ngabdi) rather than freely-given divine love. Teaching note required: this is Christ’s voluntary, self-giving love (the pattern for 2:6-8), not obligatory service to a superior.
Mind Attitude
Approved rendering: manah
Transliteration: manah
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: φρονέω
Category: Ethics
Phil 2:2, 2:5 (phroneō). Manah is doctrinally safe but must be anchored explicitly to ‘in Christ Jesus’ each time so it is not read as a private meditative state achievable through kejawen inward-cultivation practice.
Empty Conceit
Approved rendering: gumunggung tanpa isi
Transliteration: gumunggung tanpa isi
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: κενοδοξία
Category: Ethics
Phil 2:3 (kenodoxia). Deliberate Greek wordplay with kenōsis (2:7) cannot be reproduced lexically in Javanese and should be preserved in teaching notes: Christ empties himself of true glory; believers must empty themselves of false glory.
Joy
Approved rendering: kabungahan
Transliteration: kabungahan
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: kabegjan
Original: χαρά
Category: Suffering
Phil 1, 2:2, 4:4 (chara/chairō). Kabungahan risks flattening into worldly good fortune (cf. kabegjan, ‘luck/fortune’). Teaching note required distinguishing gospel-joy, sustained through suffering and imprisonment, from circumstance-dependent happiness.
Chains Imprisonment
Approved rendering: rante / kaurungan
Transliteration: rante / kaurungan
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: δεσμοί / δέσμιος
Category: Suffering
Phil 1 (desmoi/desmios). Must be taught with the doctrinal point that joy is not diminished by, but expressed through, real suffering — distinguishing gospel joy from mere absence of hardship.
To Live Is Christ To Die Is Gain
Approved rendering: gesang punika Kristus, pejah punika kauntungan
Transliteration: gesang punika Kristus, pejah punika kauntungan
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος
Category: Suffering
Phil 1:21. Must not be read as devaluing earthly life itself, but as supreme Christ-centered valuation, foundational to Contentment and Joy-in-Suffering doctrines.
Word Of Life
Approved rendering: pangandikaning gesang
Transliteration: pangandikaning gesang
Doctrine: Sanctification: Working Out Salvation
Original: λόγον ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
Phil 2:16 (logon zōēs). Must stay tethered to Injil content, not a generic wisdom-saying.
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: wohing kabeneran
Transliteration: wohing kabeneran
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης
Category: Salvation
Phil 1:11 (karpon dikaiosynēs). Per baseline righteousness note, must not read as self-generated moral achievement; result of justification lived out.
Blameless Children Of God
Approved rendering: tanpa cacad saha resik, para putranipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: tanpa cacad saha resik, para putranipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἄμεμπτοι καὶ ἀκέραιοι, τέκνα Θεοῦ
Category: Sanctification
Phil 2:15 (amemptoi kai akeraioi, tekna Theou). Connects to the baseline’s adoption entry (pengangkatan dadi putra); corporate identity-goal for the church.
Partnership In The Gospel
Approved rendering: patunggilan ing pekabaran Injil
Transliteration: patunggilan ing pekabaran Injil
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Partnership
Phil 1:5, 4:15 (koinōnia eis to euangelion). Must retain the active, participatory/financial-support nuance beyond generic spiritual fellowship.
Overseers
Approved rendering: pinituwa pasamuwan
Transliteration: pinituwa pasamuwan
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Office
Original: ἐπίσκοποι
Category: Church
Phil 1:1 (episkopoi). Must read as a spiritual-shepherding office within the pasamuwan, not a village civil-authority title (lurah/kepala desa).
Deacons
Approved rendering: diaken
Transliteration: diaken
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Office
Original: διάκονοι
Category: Church
Phil 1:1 (diakonoi). Transliteration avoids collision with folk-servant vocabulary but needs a note that this is a spiritual service office, not a generic household servant.
Flesh Confidence
Approved rendering: daging
Transliteration: daging
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: σάρξ
Category: Covenant
Phil 3:3-4 (sarx). The wrong basis for righteousness Paul renounces.
Transform Conform
Approved rendering: ngewahaken/kadadosaken sami kaliyan
Transliteration: ngewahaken/kadadosaken sami kaliyan
Doctrine: Resurrection Power and Hope
Original: μετασχηματίσει / σύμμορφον
Category: Eschatology
Phil 3:21 (metaschēmatisei/symmorphon). Eschatological hope tied to the resurrection and Christ’s return; connects to wungu saka pati.
Anxious For Nothing
Approved rendering: sampun sami sumelang
Transliteration: sampun sami sumelang
Doctrine: Prayer versus Anxiety
Original: μηδὲν μεριμνᾶτε
Category: Contentment
Phil 4:6 (mēden merimnate). Must be distinguished from passive fatalism; this is active, trust-filled prayer, not resigned non-concern.
Peace Of God Surpassing Understanding
Approved rendering: katentremanipun Gusti Allah ingkang ngungkuli sadaya nalar
Transliteration: katentremanipun Gusti Allah ingkang ngungkuli sadaya nalar
Doctrine: Prayer versus Anxiety
Original: ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν
Category: Contentment
Phil 4:7. This is relational peace from God, not a meditative inner-stillness technique, per the baseline’s peace_with_god note.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: patunggilan
Transliteration: patunggilan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: kekancan
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Combines with Injil, Roh Suci, and sangsara in Philippians for compound senses (1:5, 2:1, 3:10). Inherited from Romans package.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: pamuji sukur
Transliteration: pamuji sukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Occurs in Philippians 4:6 alongside prayer and petition, and in 1:3-4. Inherited from Romans package.
Exhort
Approved rendering: pitutur
Transliteration: pitutur
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Faith
Philippians 2:1 ties this to being ‘in Christ,’ not generic social encouragement. Inherited from Romans package.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Kristus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Established transliteration used throughout Philippians, always correctly paired with Gusti Yesus; never used alone to replace the full name where doctrinal weight requires it (e.g., 2:11). New entry, established per baseline transliteration standard.
Affection And Compassion
Approved rendering: welas asih
Transliteration: welas asih
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: σπλάγχνα καὶ οἰκτιρμοί
Category: Ethics
Phil 2:1 (splanchna kai oiktirmoi). Well-established affective-compassion vocabulary in Javanese Christian usage.
Selfish Ambition
Approved rendering: rebutan kaluwihan piyambak
Transliteration: rebutan kaluwihan piyambak
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐριθεία
Category: Ethics
Phil 2:3 (eritheia). Descriptive term contrasted with Christlike humility; low doctrinal collision risk.
Grumbling And Disputing
Approved rendering: grundelan saha pasulayan
Transliteration: grundelan saha pasulayan
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: γογγυσμῶν καὶ διαλογισμῶν
Category: Ethics
Phil 2:14. Contrasted with the unity/humility called for after the Kenosis hymn.
Gentleness Reasonableness
Approved rendering: sumèh sarta sabar
Transliteration: sumèh sarta sabar
Doctrine: Prayer versus Anxiety
Original: ἐπιείκεια
Category: Ethics
Phil 4:5 (epieikeia). Gracious yielding disposition toward others; standard ethical vocabulary, low doctrinal risk.
Think On These Things
Approved rendering: renungaken bab-bab punika
Transliteration: renungaken bab-bab punika
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Original: λογίζεσθε
Category: Ethics
Phil 4:8 (logizesthe). Introduces the virtue-list; low doctrinal risk.
Virtue List
Approved rendering: saèstu, mulya, adil, resik, endah, kaajaran sae, utami, pantes pinuji
Transliteration: saèstu, mulya, adil, resik, endah, kaajaran sae, utami, pantes pinuji
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Original: ἀληθῆ, σεμνά, δίκαια, ἁγνά, προσφιλῆ, εὔφημα, ἀρετή, ἔπαινος
Category: Ethics
Phil 4:8. Javanese piwulang ethical-list literature is a useful, non-risky cultural bridge; ensure the list reads as concrete practical virtues, not an esoteric self-cultivation checklist.
Boldness
Approved rendering: kekendelan
Transliteration: kekendelan
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: παρρησία
Category: Suffering
Phil 1:14 (parrhēsia). Paul’s prayer that others will speak the gospel boldly because of his imprisonment.
Goodwill Envy Rivalry
Approved rendering: karsa sae / rasa meri saha cecongkrahan
Transliteration: karsa sae / rasa meri saha cecongkrahan
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation Amid Rivalry
Original: εὐδοκία / φθόνος καὶ ἔρις
Category: Suffering
Phil 1:15-18 (eudokia/phthonos kai eris). Even mixed-motive preaching advances the gospel; low doctrinal risk.
Struggle Conflict
Approved rendering: pambudidaya (ing sangsara)
Transliteration: pambudidaya (ing sangsara)
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: ἀγών
Category: Suffering
Phil 1:30 (agōn). The Philippians share in Paul’s suffering-struggle for the gospel.
Sincere And Blameless
Approved rendering: resik ing manah saha tanpa kacacad
Transliteration: resik ing manah saha tanpa kacacad
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: εἰλικρινεῖς καὶ ἀπρόσκοποι
Category: Sanctification
Phil 1:10 (eilikrineis kai aproskopoi). Goal of Paul’s prayer; low doctrinal risk.
Fear And Trembling
Approved rendering: wedi saha ajrih-ajrih
Transliteration: wedi saha ajrih-ajrih
Doctrine: Sanctification: Working Out Salvation
Original: φόβος καὶ τρόμος
Category: Sanctification
Phil 2:12 (phobos kai tromos). Describes the seriousness with which believers should live out their salvation.
Shine As Lights
Approved rendering: sumunar kados lintang
Transliteration: sumunar kados lintang
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: φαίνεσθε ὡς φωστῆρες
Category: Church
Phil 2:15 (phainesthe hōs phōstēres). Missional visibility metaphor; low doctrinal risk.
Enemies Of The Cross
Approved rendering: mengsahing kajeng salib
Transliteration: mengsahing kajeng salib
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: ἐχθροὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ
Category: Church
Phil 3:18. Warning against false teachers/self-indulgent living, set up as contrast before the citizenship-in-heaven declaration of 3:20.
Riches In Glory
Approved rendering: kasugihanipun wonten ing kamulyan
Transliteration: kasugihanipun wonten ing kamulyan
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: τὸ πλοῦτος αὐτοῦ ἐν δόξῃ
Category: God
Phil 4:19 (to ploutos autou en doxē). God’s promised provision for the Philippians’ generosity.
Giving And Receiving
Approved rendering: pawewehan lan panampi
Transliteration: pawewehan lan panampi
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: δόσις καὶ λῆψις
Category: Partnership
Phil 4:15 (dosis kai lēpsis). Describes the Philippians’ material partnership with Paul in gospel ministry.
Rubbish Dung
Approved rendering: runtah
Transliteration: runtah
Doctrine: Knowing Christ Relationally
Original: σκύβαλα
Category: Faith
Phil 3:8 (skybala). Register note: Paul’s deliberate crudeness in reappraising his former religious credentials; ensure the term is strong enough without violating formal register elsewhere required.
Press On
Approved rendering: ngoyak
Transliteration: ngoyak
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: διώκω
Category: Faith
Phil 3:12, 3:14 (diōkō). Key verb of the Pressing-on-toward-the-Goal doctrine.
Goal
Approved rendering: ancas
Transliteration: ancas
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: σκοπός
Category: Faith
Phil 3:14 (skopos). The fixed point aimed at.
Prize
Approved rendering: pengajen
Transliteration: pengajen
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: βραβεῖον
Category: Faith
Phil 3:14 (brabeion). The eschatological reward for finishing the race; a cultural-background note on Greco-Roman athletic imagery aids clarity but is not a doctrinal risk.
Gain And Loss
Approved rendering: kauntungan / kapitunan
Transliteration: kauntungan / kapitunan
Doctrine: Knowing Christ Relationally
Original: κέρδος / ζημία
Category: Faith
Phil 3:7-8 (kerdos/zēmia). Paul’s ledger-reversal: former credentials counted as loss, Christ as surpassing gain.
Reach Forward
Approved rendering: nyawisaken sarira nggayuh ing ngajeng
Transliteration: nyawisaken sarira nggayuh ing ngajeng
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: ἐπεκτεινόμενος
Category: Faith
Phil 3:13-14 (epekteinomenos). Continues the athletic-race metaphor.
Knowledge Discernment
Approved rendering: kawruh saha pangraosan
Transliteration: kawruh saha pangraosan
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐπίγνωσις / αἴσθησις
Category: Faith
Phil 1:9-10 (epignōsis/aisthēsis). Growth in love must be joined with sound moral judgment.
Approve Discern Best
Approved rendering: mriksani ingkang paling sae
Transliteration: mriksani ingkang paling sae
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: δοκιμάζειν
Category: Faith
Phil 1:10 (dokimazein). Discerning choices against gospel priorities.
Timothy
Approved rendering: Timotheus
Transliteration: Timotheus
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Paul’s ministry partner (1:1, 2:19-23); established Indonesian-archipelago Bible proper-name form.
Epaphroditus
Approved rendering: Epafraditus
Transliteration: Epafraditus
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Paul’s ministry partner and the Philippians’ messenger (2:25-30, 4:18); established proper-name form.
Euodia
Approved rendering: Euodia
Transliteration: Euodia
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Named in Paul’s unity appeal (4:2).
Syntyche
Approved rendering: Sintikhe
Transliteration: Sintikhe
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Named alongside Euodia in Paul’s unity appeal (4:2).
Clement
Approved rendering: Klemens
Transliteration: Klemens
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Named as a fellow worker (4:3).
Caesar
Approved rendering: Kaisar
Transliteration: Kaisar
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
‘Household of Caesar’ sends greetings (4:22); proper name transliterated per established convention.
Referenced passages