Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Jude (English/Greek → Javanese)
This glossary compiles every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of Jude (1:1–25). Terms already fixed by the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked TM-REUSED and their recorded Javanese rendering is enforced exactly, without deviation. Terms new to the Jude curriculum are marked NEW and are proposed here for addition to translation memory, pending the theologian/native-speaker review indicated by their risk tier.
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Translation Memory
| English Term | Javanese Rendering | Risk (Baseline) | Doctrine | Jude Citations | Notes for Jude Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | pitados | Medium | Faith | 1:3, 1:20 | v.3 uses πίστις in its objective “body of doctrine” sense, not only subjective trust — translator note required. |
| grace | sih-rahmat | Critical | Grace | 1:4 | False teachers pervert grace into license; the contrast with unearned favor must be sharpened, not softened. |
| salvation | kaslametan | Critical | Salvation | 1:3 (“common salvation”), 1:23 (“save… from the fire”) | Every occurrence requires the standard slametan-distinguishing translator note per baseline convention. |
| saints | para suci | Medium | Sainthood | 1:3 | The faith was entrusted to the whole community of believers, not an ascetic elite. |
| called | katimbalan | High | Divine Calling | 1:1 | Opening address to the recipients as God’s called ones. |
| apostle(s) | utusan | Medium | Apostleship | 1:17 | Refers to the apostles’ prior authoritative teaching, now being recalled. |
| glory | kamulyan | High | Deity of Christ / Doxology | 1:8 (creaturely plural sense — flagged), 1:24, 1:25 | v.8 uses a distinct creaturely plural sense (angelic “glories”) requiring a translator note distinguishing it from God’s own inherent glory in vv.24–25. |
| Lord | Gusti | High | Lordship of Christ | 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Frequent throughout; v.4’s pairing with δεσπότης (new term, see Section 2) needs particular care. |
| Jesus | Gusti Yesus | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | — |
| Christ | Kristus | Critical (by association) | Christology | 1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Established transliteration per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. |
| God | Gusti Allah | Critical | Deity of Christ | 1:1, 1:4, 1:21, 1:25 | Never shortened to bare Gusti. |
| Holy Spirit | Roh Suci | Critical | Sanctification | 1:19 (absence), 1:20 (presence) | v.19’s negative use (“not having the Spirit”) is doctrinally significant and must not be softened. |
| Father | Rama | High | Adoption into God’s Family | 1:1 | — |
| peace | katentreman | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2 | Standard epistolary greeting. |
| prophet / prophesied | nabi / pameca | Low (Medium in Jude context) | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:14 | Elevated risk in Jude specifically because the citation source (1 Enoch) is extra-canonical — see Section 3 doctrine note. |
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by Jude (Proposed for Translation Memory)
| English Term | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Definition | Jude Citation(s) | Translation Notes / Alternatives Rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| contend for (the faith) | mbélani kanthi mempeng | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι | epagōnizesthai | To struggle/fight earnestly for something under threat. | 1:3 | Must take pitados as its explicit object so the struggle reads as doctrinal defense, not physical or political conflict. |
| delivered / entrusted (once for all) | kaparingaken | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | παραδοθείσῃ | paradotheisē | The fixed, complete apostolic deposit of faith, transmitted once. | 1:3 | Alternative rejected: wahyu — the impersonal, transferable mystical mandate-light already forbidden elsewhere in the baseline; would wrongly suggest the faith is an ongoing, renewable charismatic mandate rather than a fixed, completed deposit. |
| ungodly / ungodliness | duraka | Critical | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια | asebēs / asebeia | Willful, active irreverence and rebellion against God (not mere omission of piety). | 1:4, 1:15 (×5), 1:18 | Chosen for its Javanese court-literature resonance with treachery against a legitimate sovereign, echoing Jude’s δεσπότης language — but requires a clarifying gloss (“duraka dhateng Gusti Allah”) in first use per passage to prevent a merely political reading. Central term of the whole letter. |
| judgment / condemnation | pangadilanipun Gusti Allah | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | κρίμα / κρίσις | krima / krisis | God’s legal verdict and its penal consequence, especially eschatological. | 1:4, 1:6, 1:9, 1:15 | Distinct from a human court’s pangadilan; the divine subject must remain explicit. |
| Sovereign / Master (absolute) | Bendara ingkang Mahaagung | High | Lordship of Christ (extended) | δεσπότης | despotēs | Absolute ownership-authority, as of a master over his household — distinct from and complementary to κύριος. | 1:4 | Requires the modifier ingkang Mahaagung in every instance; flag for theologian review on whether this and κύριος refer to one person or two in v.4. |
| crept in unnoticed | nylusup | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | παρεισέδυσαν | pareisedysan | Covert infiltration into a group under false pretense. | 1:4 | Must retain the covert, deceptive nuance; avoid rendering as neutral “came in.” |
| sensuality / licentiousness | kamurkan | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | ἀσέλγεια | aselgeia | Unrestrained, shameless sensual indulgence. | 1:4 | Built on Javanese murka (greed/lust/loss of self-control), a term with established negative moral weight in Javanese literary tradition. |
| angel(s) | malaekat | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Angels) | ἄγγελος | angelos | Created heavenly beings serving God; here, those who rebelled. | 1:6 | Must be anchored as personal, created, heavenly beings under God’s authority, distinguished from dhemit/lelembut folk-spirit categories per the baseline’s Holy Spirit caution. |
| kept / reserved (by God) | kareksa (verb: ngreksa) | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | τηρέω | tēreō | To guard, hold in custody, or reserve — used both positively (believers kept for glory) and negatively (rebels kept for judgment). | 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21 | Anchor term of the whole letter’s central doctrinal wordplay. All four occurrences must share the same Javanese root so the reader can track the deliberate positive/negative contrast. Requires a translator note distinguishing this custodial “keeping” from kaslametan’s ritual-meal associations. |
| deep darkness | pepeteng ingkang tanpa pungkasan | Low–Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Angels) | ζόφος | zophos | An intensified term for gloom/blackness, distinct from ordinary night-darkness, associated with final judgment. | 1:6, 1:13 | — |
| sexual immorality (intensive) | sami nglakoni jina kanthi tanpa wangenan | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Sodom) | ἐκπορνεύω | ekporneuō | Total, self-abandoning fornication. | 1:7 | — |
| lordship / dominion (abstract) | kagustenipun | High | Lordship of Christ (extended) | κυριότης | kyriotēs | The abstract quality of being κύριος — lordship/dominion in the abstract. | 1:8 | Shares its root with the Critical/High-risk Gusti; imprecision here risks minimizing disrespect toward Christ’s Lordship. |
| blaspheme / revile | nyenyamah | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | βλασφημέω | blasphēmeō | To speak evil of, slander, revile — of God, Christ, or exalted beings. | 1:8, 1:10 | — |
| devil | Iblis | Medium | OT Warnings as Types / Christology (adversary) | διάβολος | diabolos | The personal, fallen adversary of God and humanity. | 1:9 | Established shared Muslim-Christian Indonesian/Javanese vocabulary; must be anchored as a specific personal being, not folded into folk-spirit categories. |
| rebuke | ndukani | Low | (supporting term) | ἐπιτιμάω | epitimaō | To formally reprove/rebuke, especially by invoking higher authority. | 1:9 | Michael defers rebuking authority to the Lord rather than acting independently — models humility. |
| woe (prophetic pronouncement) | bilai tumrap | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | οὐαί | ouai | Formal prophetic pronouncement of coming disaster/judgment. | 1:11 | Must retain prophetic-oracle weight, not merely express pity. |
| rebellion (of Korah) | pambrontakan | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (extended type) | ἀντιλογία | antilogia | Rebellion/contradiction against God-appointed leadership. | 1:11 | Strong political-rebellion connotation is apt but must stay anchored to rebellion against God’s appointed order specifically. |
| love feast(s) | pahargyan sih-tresna | Critical | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Christian Fellowship | ἀγάπαι | agapai | The early church’s communal fellowship meal, a technical term distinct from ordinary ἀγάπη. | 1:12 | Highest-priority collision risk in the entire book. Structurally resembles the slametan ritual meal already flagged Critical in the baseline for kaslametan. Deliberately built without any root shared with slametan. Mandatory translator note and human theologian review on every occurrence. |
| wandering star | lintang ingkang lumaku boten mantep panggenanipun | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | ἀστὴρ πλανήτης | astēr planētēs | A celestial body without a fixed course, symbolizing instability. | 1:13 | Risk of being read through the Javanese primbon astrological-omen tradition already flagged in the baseline for “prophecy”; must remain a metaphor for moral/spiritual instability. |
| worldly / soulish (lacking the Spirit) | tiyang kadonyan | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | ψυχικός | psychikos | Possessing only natural human soul-life, without the Holy Spirit — not merely “psychological” or “emotional.” | 1:19 | Must always appear with its qualifying clause “not having the Spirit” (Roh Suci, TM); flag for theologian review whenever it appears without that clause. |
| mercy | kawelasan | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | ἔλεος / ἐλεέω | eleos / eleeō | Compassionate favor shown in active help toward those in need or wavering. | 1:2, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23 | Must remain lexically distinct from sih-rahmat (grace, TM, Critical) throughout the curriculum: grace = undeserved favor toward the guilty; mercy = compassionate rescue of the suffering/wavering. |
| wavering / doubting | mangu-mangu | Medium–High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | διακρινόμενος | diakrinomenos | Torn/divided in mind, uncertain, caught between positions. | 1:22 | Textual-critical complexity in vv.22–23 (two- vs. three-fold division of persons); flag for theologian review. |
| snatch (rescue urgently) | ngrebut | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | ἁρπάζω | harpazō | To seize forcibly, rescue urgently from danger. | 1:23 | Paired with kaslametan-root “save” verb; conveys urgency, not gentle persuasion. |
| garment stained by the flesh | sandhangan ingkang najis margi saking daging | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | χιτὼν ἐσπιλωμένος ἀπὸ σαρκός | chitōn espilōmenos apo sarkos | Moral contamination extending outward, requiring careful separation even while rescuing. | 1:23 | Balances the rescue mandate with a warning against being contaminated while rescuing. |
| guard from stumbling | ngayomi (saking kesandhung) | High | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | φυλάσσω | phylassō | To actively, vigilantly guard against a specific danger of falling. | 1:24 | Distinct Greek verb from τηρέω; rendered with a distinct Javanese verb (ngayomi vs. ngreksa) while remaining in the same “divine preservation” semantic field. Cross-reference required. |
| blameless / faultless | tanpa cacad | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | ἄμωμος | amōmos | Without blemish — sacrificial-purity background; a bestowed, not self-achieved, state. | 1:24 | Echoes the baseline’s caution against kasampurnan (self-attained ascetic perfection, already forbidden for “righteousness”); blamelessness here is a gift, not an achievement. |
| exultation / great joy | kabingahan ingkang ngluber-luber | Low | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | ἀγαλλίασις | agalliasis | Intense, overflowing joy — stronger than ordinary χαρά. | 1:24 | — |
| Savior | Juru Slamet | Critical | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | σωτήρ | sōtēr | The title “Savior,” built on the same root as σωτηρία (salvation). | 1:25 | Shares its root with kaslametan and therefore with slametan; requires the identical translator note mandated for kaslametan on every occurrence. |
| majesty | kaagungan | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | μεγαλωσύνη | megalōsynē | God’s transcendent greatness. | 1:25 | Companion term to kamulyan (glory, TM) in the doxological formula. |
| dominion / might | kakuwaosan | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | κράτος | kratos | Forceful, effective power/dominion — distinct from δύναμις. | 1:25 | Flag for consistency check against the baseline’s panguwaosipun Gusti Allah (δύναμις theou, Critical) — the two related Greek terms must not collapse into one Javanese term. |
| authority | wewenang | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | ἐξουσία | exousia | Rightful, legitimate authority/jurisdiction. | 1:25 | Fourth term in the fourfold doxological formula (glory/majesty/dominion/authority). |
| love (divine, covenantal) | katresnan | Medium | Adoption into God’s Family (extended) | ἀγάπη | agapē | Committed, self-giving, covenantal love. | 1:2, 1:21 | Must convey committed divine love, not primarily romantic/affectionate love; distinguish from the technical ἀγάπαι/“love feasts” sense at 1:12. |
| servant / bondservant (of Christ) | abdi | Medium | Christian Identity in Christ (extended) | δοῦλος | doulos | Total, humble belonging to a master — a self-designation of complete devotion. | 1:1 | Must not be softened to a mere “helper” or “assistant,” which would lose δοῦλος’s total-belonging sense. |
| archangel Michael | Malaekat Pangarsa Mikhael | Low–Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Angels) | Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος | Michaēl ho archangelos | The chief/highest-ranking angel. | 1:9 | — |
| corrupted / destroyed (self-ruin) | risak | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | φθείρομαι | phtheiromai | Moral or physical ruin/decay resulting from sin. | 1:10 | — |
| divisions (church-fracturing) | damel pecahan | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | ἀποδιορίζω | apodiorizō | Drawing boundaries that fracture community fellowship. | 1:19 | Direct threat to patunggilan (fellowship, TM). |
Section 3 — Doctrine Notes Requiring Special Attention Beyond Individual Terms
| Doctrine | Note |
|---|---|
| Inspiration of Scripture (extended risk in Jude) | Jude 1:14–15 cites 1 Enoch, a non-canonical Jewish text, as prophecy. This raises a canonical question distinct from anything in the Romans baseline: the Javanese rendering must not imply 1 Enoch is inspired Scripture on par with the OT/NT canon, while still faithfully conveying that Jude treats this particular content as a true prophetic utterance he is authorized to cite. Flag for human theologian review; recommend a study-note (outside the translated text itself) addressing the canonical status of 1 Enoch for first-generation readers. |
| Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | The “once for all delivered” framing (vv.3) is Jude’s positive doctrinal anchor and should be taught alongside the letter’s negative anchor (ungodly false teachers, vv.4ff.) as two halves of a single argument: a fixed deposit of faith worth defending, under active threat from those who pervert it. |
| Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | This is the letter’s pastoral climax (vv.22–23) and requires the clearest possible distinction between kawelasan (mercy, new) and sih-rahmat (grace, TM) — see Section 2. Recommend this distinction be explicitly taught in any accompanying study material, since English “mercy” and “grace” are also frequently conflated by readers even in the source language. |
| Kept by God and Presented Blameless | The letter’s τηρέω (kareksa) wordplay — positive at 1:1/1:21/1:24, negative at 1:6/1:13 — is the single most important structural feature for translators to preserve consistently across the whole book. Recommend a dedicated back-translation check specifically verifying root-consistency across all six occurrences (τηρέω ×5, φυλάσσω ×1). |
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. CRITICAL: never kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi. Jude 1:4 adds an opposite-direction caution to the baseline: because sih-rahmat incurs no debt, false teachers pervert it into license (kamurkan) for immorality. Every occurrence in Jude 1:4 must reinforce that grace requiring no repayment does NOT mean nothing is required of the recipient.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. CRITICAL: every occurrence requires the standard translator note distinguishing Christ’s once-for-all rescue from the slametan ritual meal. Jude 1:3 calls it ‘common salvation’ (shared by all believers); Jude 1:23 depicts it as urgent rescue ‘from the fire,’ which must not be read as a description of a protective ritual repeated to ward off misfortune.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Appears throughout Jude (1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25). CRITICAL: never Nabi Isa, the Islamic prophetic framing.
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. CRITICAL: never shortened to bare Gusti. Jude 1:1 names God the Father, 1:4 the sole Sovereign, 1:21 the object of believers’ abiding love, 1:25 the only Savior.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. CRITICAL: never dhemit or lelembut. Jude 1:19 defines the false teachers negatively by the Spirit’s absence (‘not having the Spirit’) — doctrinally load-bearing, must not be softened into a merely emotional deficiency. Jude 1:20 commands believers to pray ‘in the Holy Spirit,’ using the identical full term.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Kristus
Doctrine: Lordship and Absolute Sovereignty of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isa al-Masih
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW for Jude curriculum (established transliteration convention per baseline instruction set, not previously a standalone translation_memory entry). Appears throughout as part of the fixed compound ‘our Lord Jesus Christ’ (1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25). Always bound to Gusti Yesus as Gusti Yesus Kristus; never standing alone in a way that could echo the Satrio Piningit / Sang Mesias ambiguity already flagged Critical in the baseline for ‘messiah’.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: duraka
Transliteration: duraka
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
NEW for Jude. Renders asebēs/asebeia, the central descriptor of the false teachers (1:4, five times in 1:15, 1:18). CRITICAL: chosen for its Javanese court-literature resonance with treachery against a legitimate sovereign, echoing despotēs (sovereign_master), but this same connotation risks a merely political reading of disloyalty rather than moral/spiritual godlessness before the Creator. Every occurrence requires the clarifying gloss ‘duraka dhateng Gusti Allah’ (rebellion against God specifically).
Love Feast
Approved rendering: pahargyan sih-tresna
Transliteration: pahargyan sih-tresna
Doctrine: Sainthood and Holy Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: any rendering sharing the slamet root, generic slametan-derived phrase
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
NEW for Jude. Renders agapai (1:12), the early church’s technical communal fellowship meal, DELIBERATELY built without any root shared with slametan. CRITICAL: the false teachers corrupt this meal, doubling the collision risk with the baseline’s Critical kaslametan/slametan caution. MANDATORY translator note on every occurrence; human theologian review required.
Savior
Approved rendering: Juru Slamet
Transliteration: Juru Slamet
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW for Jude. Renders sōtēr (1:25), built on the same root as kaslametan and therefore sharing its collision with slametan. CRITICAL: every occurrence requires the identical translator note already mandated for kaslametan — God is Savior in the sense of accomplishing Christ’s once-for-all rescue, not a ritual specialist performing a repeated protective rite. Human theologian review required.
High Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: katimbalan
Transliteration: katimbalan
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:1 addresses recipients directly as ‘those who are called’ as the letter’s relational foundation before the crisis is introduced. Never wahyu, the impersonal mystical mandate-light believed to legitimize Javanese rulers.
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly for the divine sense (Jude 1:24, 1:25). Jude 1:8 uniquely uses the PLURAL creaturely sense (‘dignitaries/glorious ones,’ angelic beings the false teachers slander) — a translator note is required so this does not read as God’s own inherent glory. Never wahyu or kasekten in either sense.
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs throughout Jude (1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25). Jude 1:4 pairs kyrios with the distinct new term despotēs (see sovereign_master) in the same clause; the two must never be collapsed into one Javanese title.
Father
Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: Rama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:1 addresses recipients as ‘beloved/sanctified by God the Father.’ Never Leluhur (venerated ancestral forebear).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: pameca
Transliteration: pameca
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Extrabiblical Citation
Rejected alternatives: primbon
Original: προεφήτευσεν
Category: Covenant
Inherited root from Romans package, but risk is ELEVATED from the baseline’s Low to High specifically in Jude: Jude 1:14 cites 1 Enoch, a non-canonical text, as prophecy. The rendering must faithfully convey that Jude treats this content as a true prophetic utterance he is authorized to cite, without implying 1 Enoch holds canonical status equal to Scripture. Recommend an accompanying study note on 1 Enoch’s canonical status. Never primbon.
Holy
Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Appears as ‘most holy faith’ (superlative, 1:20, pitadosipun ingkang saha suci) and ‘holy myriads’ (angelic host, 1:14). Never kramat.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: cemer
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:15 pairs ‘ungodly sinners’ (tiyang dosa ingkang duraka) in a single indictment, reinforcing moral rebellion against a personal God, not ritual impurity. Never cemer.
Contend For Faith
Approved rendering: mbélani kanthi mempeng
Transliteration: mbélani kanthi mempeng
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: mbela (bare, without explicit object)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Faith
NEW for Jude. Renders epagōnizesthai (Jude 1:3). Must ALWAYS take pitados as its explicit grammatical object so the struggle reads as doctrinal defense of apostolic truth, not physical combat or political contest, which mbélani could otherwise suggest in Javanese political rhetoric.
Delivered Entrusted
Approved rendering: sepisan kangge salawasipun kaparingaken
Transliteration: sepisan kangge salawasipun kaparingaken
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ
Category: Faith
NEW for Jude. Renders hapax paradotheisē (Jude 1:3). CRITICAL FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never wahyu, the impersonal, transferable mystical mandate-light already forbidden in the baseline for calling, grace, and glory — would wrongly suggest the faith is an ongoing, renewable charismatic mandate rather than a fixed, completed apostolic deposit.
Judgment Condemnation
Approved rendering: pangadilanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pangadilanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
NEW for Jude. Renders krima/krisis (1:4, 1:6, 1:9, 1:15). The divine subject Gusti Allah must remain explicit in every occurrence; never elided in favor of a bare pangadilan, which would read as an ordinary human court’s verdict.
Sovereign Master
Approved rendering: Bendara ingkang Mahaagung
Transliteration: Bendara ingkang Mahaagung
Doctrine: Lordship and Absolute Sovereignty of Christ
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
NEW for Jude. Renders despotēs (Jude 1:4), distinct from kyrios/Gusti. Requires the modifier ‘ingkang Mahaagung’ in every occurrence. Flag for human theologian review: whether despotēs and kyrios in 1:4 name one person (Christ) or two (Father and Son) must be left theologically open, not prematurely resolved by the Javanese rendering.
Kept Reserved
Approved rendering: kareksa
Transliteration: kareksa (verb: ngreksa)
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρέω
Category: Preservation
NEW for Jude. Renders tēreō — the letter’s single most theologically loaded recurring root, used positively of believers kept for glory (1:1, 1:21) and negatively of rebels kept for judgment (1:6, 1:13). MANDATORY root consistency across all four occurrences. Requires a translator note distinguishing this custodial ‘keeping’ from kaslametan’s ritual-meal associations.
Lordship Abstract
Approved rendering: kagustenipun
Transliteration: kagustenipun
Doctrine: Lordship and Absolute Sovereignty of Christ
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology
NEW for Jude. Renders kyriotēs (1:8), an abstract noun built on the same root as Gusti. Any imprecision risks implying disrespect toward Christ’s Lordship is a lesser matter than intended. Flag for human theologian review.
Rebellion Korah
Approved rendering: pambrontakanipun Korah
Transliteration: pambrontakanipun Korah
Doctrine: False Teaching and Apostasy Patterns (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: ἀντιλογία τοῦ Κόρε
Category: Sin
NEW for Jude. Renders tē antilogia tou Kore (1:11). A strong Javanese/Indonesian political-rebellion term, doctrinally apt but risks reading as contemporary political insurrection rather than rebellion against God’s appointed order; context must keep the referent specifically theological.
Worldly Soulish
Approved rendering: tiyang kadonyan
Transliteration: tiyang kadonyan
Doctrine: Sanctification and Worldliness
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Sanctification
NEW for Jude. Renders psychikos (1:19), Jude’s starkest statement about the false teachers’ spiritual status. Must ALWAYS appear with its qualifying clause ‘boten kagungan Roh Suci’ (not having the Spirit); never flattened to a merely psychological/temperamental category. Ties directly to the Critical-risk Holy Spirit doctrine; flag for theologian review whenever it appears without that clause.
Mercy
Approved rendering: kawelasan
Transliteration: kawelasan
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεέω
Category: Salvation
NEW for Jude. Renders eleos/eleeō (1:2, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23), the letter’s pastoral climax term. Must remain LEXICALLY DISTINCT from sih-rahmat (grace, Critical) throughout: grace addresses undeserved favor toward the guilty; mercy addresses compassionate rescue of the suffering/wavering. Flag for theologian review to prevent collapsing the two.
Wavering Doubting
Approved rendering: mangu-mangu
Transliteration: mangu-mangu
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρινόμενοι
Category: Faith
NEW for Jude. Renders diakrinomenoi (1:22). Textual-critical complexity in the Greek (two-fold vs. three-fold division of persons in vv.22-23) compounds the pastoral sensitivity of naming still-covenant-community members as doubting. Flag for theologian review.
Guard From Stumbling
Approved rendering: ngayomi
Transliteration: ngayomi
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: φυλάσσω
Category: Preservation
NEW for Jude. Renders phylassō (1:24), a distinct Greek verb from tēreō (kept_reserved). Deliberately rendered with a DIFFERENT Javanese verb than kareksa/ngreksa to preserve the distinct Greek vocabulary, while remaining within the same ‘divine preservation’ semantic field. Cross-reference note required linking to kept_reserved without merging the two.
Blameless
Approved rendering: tanpa cacad
Transliteration: tanpa cacad
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan kang digayuh
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Sanctification
NEW for Jude. Renders amōmos (1:24). Must retain the sacrificial-purity background, not merely mean ‘morally good’; must reinforce this blamelessness is a gift bestowed by God’s power, not self-achieved perfection — echoing the baseline’s forbidden-substitution caution against kasampurnan already established for ‘righteousness’.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:3 shifts pistis toward its objective sense (‘the faith,’ the body of apostolic doctrine) rather than only subjective personal trust; Jude 1:20 (‘your most holy faith’) reinforces this objective sense. Translator note required flagging this sense-shift wherever it occurs in Jude.
Saints
Approved rendering: para suci
Transliteration: para suci
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:3 entrusts ‘the faith’ to the whole believing community, not an ascetic elite; must not be read as a venerated class comparable to the Wali Songo, whose tombs are visited for blessing.
Apostle
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:17 appeals to the prior authoritative teaching of ‘the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ,’ anchoring the exhortation in already-received teaching, not new revelation. Never rasul (the Islamic messenger-prophet line culminating in Muhammad).
Peace
Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: katentreman
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Part of Jude’s opening greeting-triad ‘mercy, peace, and love’ (1:2).
Crept In Unnoticed
Approved rendering: nylusup
Transliteration: nylusup
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: mlebu (neutral ‘came in’)
Original: παρεισέδυσαν
Category: Sin
NEW for Jude. Renders pareisedysan (1:4). Must retain the covert, deceptive nuance of infiltration; a neutral ‘came in’ rendering under-translates the danger.
Sensuality Licentiousness
Approved rendering: kamurkan
Transliteration: kamurkan
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into License
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
NEW for Jude. Renders aselgeia (1:4), built on Javanese murka (greed/lust/loss of self-control), a term with established negative moral weight in Javanese literary/wayang tradition. Must not be softened into mere ‘excessive desire’; retain the shameless, public indecency sense.
Angels
Approved rendering: malaekat
Transliteration: malaekat
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Angelology
NEW for Jude. Renders angeloi (1:6), the established shared Indonesian/Javanese Muslim-Christian loanword. Never dhemit or lelembut. Must be anchored explicitly as created, personal, heavenly beings under God’s authority.
Deep Darkness
Approved rendering: pepeteng ingkang ageng lan tanpa pungkasan
Transliteration: pepeteng ingkang ageng lan tanpa pungkasan
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ζόφος
Category: Eschatology
NEW for Jude. Renders zophos (1:6, 1:13). Must be read as final eschatological darkness, not ordinary nighttime darkness.
Sexual Immorality Intensive
Approved rendering: sami nglakoni jina kanthi tanpa wangenan
Transliteration: sami nglakoni jina kanthi tanpa wangenan
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἐκπορνεύω
Category: Sin
NEW for Jude. Renders ekporneuō, intensive form (1:7). Total, self-abandoning fornication, describing Sodom’s sin, paralleling aselgeia.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: geni ingkang langgeng
Transliteration: geni ingkang langgeng
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Eschatology
NEW for Jude. Renders pyros aiōniou (1:7); the same root should recur in the rescue imagery of 1:23 to preserve the thematic link. Must be read as final eschatological judgment-fire, not merely the historical natural disaster.
Blaspheme Revile
Approved rendering: nyenyamah
Transliteration: nyenyamah
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Sin
NEW for Jude. Renders blasphēmeō (1:8, 1:10). Consistent rendering across both occurrences supports the contrast with Michael’s restraint (1:9).
Devil
Approved rendering: Iblis
Transliteration: Iblis
Doctrine: Spiritual Authority and the Angelic Realm
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology
NEW for Jude. Renders diabolos (1:9), established shared Muslim-Christian Indonesian/Javanese vocabulary. Must be anchored as a specific, personal, fallen created being, never folded into generic dhemit/lelembut folk-spirit categories.
Woe
Approved rendering: bilai tumrap
Transliteration: bilai tumrap
Doctrine: False Teaching and Apostasy Patterns (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: οὐαί
Category: Eschatology
NEW for Jude. Renders the prophetic-oracle formula ouai (1:11). Must retain formal prophetic-pronouncement weight, not merely express pity.
Way Of Cain
Approved rendering: marginipun Kain
Transliteration: marginipun Kain
Doctrine: False Teaching and Apostasy Patterns (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
NEW for Jude. Renders tē hodō tou Kain (1:11), the first of three OT rebel-types. Requires OT narrative background note for readers with low OT literacy.
Error Of Balaam
Approved rendering: kesasaripun Balaam
Transliteration: kesasaripun Balaam
Doctrine: False Teaching and Apostasy Patterns (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
NEW for Jude. Renders tē planē tou Balaam (1:11), models the false teachers’ profit-motivated corruption of doctrine (‘for hire,’ kangge pituwas).
Wandering Star
Approved rendering: lintang ingkang lumaku boten mantep panggenanipun
Transliteration: lintang ingkang lumaku boten mantep panggenanipun
Doctrine: False Teaching and Apostasy Patterns (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Eschatology
NEW for Jude. Renders asteres planētai (1:13). Must be anchored as a metaphor for moral/spiritual instability, not read through the Javanese primbon astrological-omen tradition already flagged in the baseline for ‘prophecy’.
Last Time
Approved rendering: ing jaman pungkasan
Transliteration: ing jaman pungkasan
Doctrine: False Teaching and Apostasy Patterns (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: ἔσχατος χρόνος
Category: Eschatology
NEW for Jude. Renders ep’ eschatou chronou (1:18). Must convey a real, already-inaugurated eschatological era, not confused with Javanese Jayabaya-cycle eschatological expectation already flagged in the baseline for ‘messiah’.
Mockers
Approved rendering: tukang moyoki
Transliteration: tukang moyoki
Doctrine: False Teaching and Apostasy Patterns (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Sin
NEW for Jude. Renders empaiktai (1:18), the predicted apostolic-warning opponents matching the false teachers Jude now confronts.
Snatch Rescue
Approved rendering: ngrebut
Transliteration: ngrebut
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Salvation
NEW for Jude. Renders harpazō (1:23). Paired with the kaslametan-root save verb (nylametaken); conveys urgent extraction, not gentle persuasion. Combined phrase requires the standard kaslametan translator note.
Garment Stained
Approved rendering: sandhangan ingkang najis margi saking daging
Transliteration: sandhangan ingkang najis margi saking daging
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: χιτὼν ἐσπιλωμένος ἀπὸ σαρκός
Category: Sanctification
NEW for Jude. Renders ton apo tēs sarkos espilōmenon chitōna (1:23). Balances the rescue mandate with a warning against being contaminated oneself while rescuing others.
Majesty
Approved rendering: kaagungan
Transliteration: kaagungan
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: God
NEW for Jude. Renders megalōsynē (1:25), companion term to kamulyan (glory) in the closing doxological formula. Must be kept lexically distinct from kamulyan.
Dominion Might
Approved rendering: kakuwaosan
Transliteration: kakuwaosan
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: κράτος
Category: God
NEW for Jude. Renders kratos (1:25), distinct from dynamis. Must be kept lexically distinct from the baseline’s panguwaosipun Gusti Allah (dynamis theou, Critical) so the two related-but-distinct Greek terms do not collapse into one Javanese term.
Authority
Approved rendering: wewenang
Transliteration: wewenang
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: God
NEW for Jude. Renders exousia (1:25), the fourth and final term of the closing doxological formula (glory/majesty/dominion/authority).
Love Divine
Approved rendering: katresnan
Transliteration: katresnan
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Belovedness
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: God
NEW for Jude. Renders agapē (1:2, 1:21). Must convey God’s committed, covenantal, self-giving love, not primarily romantic/affectionate love; must be distinguished in context from the technical agapai (‘love feasts’) sense at 1:12, which shares the same Greek root but a different, technical referent.
Servant Bondservant
Approved rendering: abdi
Transliteration: abdi
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Belovedness
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Christian Identity
NEW for Jude. Renders doulos (1:1), Jude’s self-designation, distinct from the authoritative utusan (apostolos) title he does not claim for himself. Must not be softened to a mere ‘helper’ or ‘assistant,’ which would lose the total-belonging sense of doulos.
Archangel Michael
Approved rendering: Malaekat Pangarsa Mikhael
Transliteration: Malaekat Pangarsa Mikhael
Doctrine: Spiritual Authority and the Angelic Realm
Original: Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
NEW for Jude. Renders Michaēl ho archangelos (1:9), the chief/highest-ranking angel, contrasted with the false teachers’ reckless slander (1:8) by his own restraint.
Corrupted Destroyed
Approved rendering: risak
Transliteration: risak
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: φθείρομαι
Category: Sin
NEW for Jude. Renders phtheiromai (1:10). Echoes the apollymi (‘perished/destroyed’) pattern of 1:5 and 1:11, reinforcing that ungodly self-indulgence leads to self-ruin.
Divisions
Approved rendering: sami damel pecahan
Transliteration: sami damel pecahan
Doctrine: Sanctification and Worldliness
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
NEW for Jude. Renders apodiorizontes (1:19). Represents a direct threat to patunggilan (fellowship, TM); should be understood as its negation.
Perished Destroyed
Approved rendering: nyirnakaken / sami sirna
Transliteration: nyirnakaken / sami sirna
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
NEW for Jude. Renders apollymi across 1:5 (Israel’s unbelieving generation), and 1:11 (apōlonto, of Cain/Balaam/Korah’s pattern). Must NOT be read fatalistically as pesthi (impersonal predetermined fate, already forbidden in the baseline’s Providence doctrine), but as the just consequence of willful unbelief following a genuine prior rescue.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: dhukun
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Underlies the verb ‘prophesied’ used of Enoch in Jude 1:14. Never dhukun.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: ndukani
Transliteration: ndukani
Doctrine: Spiritual Authority and the Angelic Realm
Original: ἐπιτιμάω
Category: Angelology
NEW for Jude. Renders epitimaō in Michael’s words ‘The Lord rebuke you’ (1:9), modeling deference of rebuking authority to God alone.
Exultation
Approved rendering: kabingahan ingkang ngluber-luber
Transliteration: kabingahan ingkang ngluber-luber
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀγαλλίασις
Category: Eschatology
NEW for Jude. Renders agalliasis (1:24), intense overflowing joy, stronger than ordinary chara. The final emotional note of the doxology.
Referenced passages