Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Revelation (English → Javanese)
Phase 1, Step 1 — Per-Term Glossary with Translation Risk
Curriculum: Revelation 1–22
Destination language: Javanese (formal krama register, Latin script)
Authority: This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json / doctrine_risk_registry.json. Section A lists baseline terms reused unchanged. Section B lists new terms required by Revelation’s vocabulary, each following the same schema fields the baseline uses (translation, transliteration, doctrine_risk, doctrine, alternatives_rejected, notes) plus the chapters where the term is load-bearing.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Romans → Revelation)
These terms are already fixed in the baseline package and MUST NOT be altered. Listed here only to confirm which chapters of Revelation activate them.
| Term | Javanese (baseline) | Risk (baseline) | Revelation chapters where load-bearing |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | Gusti Allah | Critical | 1, 3–7, 11, 14–15, 19–22 (throughout) |
| Jesus | Gusti Yesus | Critical | 1, 12, 14, 17, 19, 22 |
| Lord | Gusti | High | 1, 4, 11, 17, 19 |
| Holy Spirit | Roh Suci | Critical | 1–3, 14, 19, 22 |
| holy | suci | High | 3–4, 20–22 |
| saints | para suci | Medium | 5, 8, 11, 13–14, 16–20 |
| church | pasamuwan | Medium | 1–3 |
| salvation | kaslametan | Critical | 7, 12, 19 |
| grace | sih-rahmat | Critical | 1, 22 |
| gospel | Injil | Medium | 14 |
| resurrection | wungu saka pati | Critical | 1, 20 |
| kingdom of God | Kratoning Gusti Allah | Medium | 1, 5, 11–12, 22 |
| power of God | panguwaosipun Gusti Allah | Critical | 1, 4, 5, 11–12, 19 |
| messiah | Sang Mesias | Critical | 11–12, 20 |
| covenant | prajanjian | High | 11 |
| prophet | nabi | Low | 1, 10–11, 16, 18, 22 |
| prophecy | pameca | Low | 1, 19, 22 |
| righteousness | kabeneran | Critical | 19 |
| sin | dosa | High | 18 |
| apostle | utusan | Medium | 21 |
| David | Dawud | Low | 3, 5, 22 |
| glory | kamulyan | High | 1, 4–5, 7, 11, 15, 18–19, 21 |
| justification | kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah | High | 20 (contrastive/harmonizing note only) |
| faith | pitados | Medium | 2, 13–14, 17, 21 |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by Revelation
B.1 Christology / Titles of Christ
| Term (EN) | Javanese | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamb | Sang Cempe | Sang Cempe | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | 5, 6–7, 12–15, 17, 19, 21–22 | ”wedhus gèmbèl” (generic sheep), unqualified “cempe” | Christ’s central title in Revelation (~28 occurrences). Must always be taught as the once-for-all, slain-yet-living Redeemer, explicitly distinguished from the repeated qurban (sacrificial lamb offering) practice of the surrounding Muslim-majority culture. Never render as a bare animal-image. |
| Alpha and Omega | Alfa lan Omega | Alfa lan Omega | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History; Deity of Christ | 1, 21–22 | Javanese-only paraphrase without transliteration | Retain transliterated per baseline precedent for Abba; applies to both God (1:8; 21:6) and Christ (22:13) — a direct claim to shared deity. |
| Faithful and True | Setya tuhu lan sanyata | Setya tuhu lan sanyata | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History; Assurance of God’s Final Victory | 3, 19, 21 | ”tuhu lan bener” (imprecise doublet) | Must be rendered identically at 3:14, 19:11, and 21:5 — applied to both Christ and God’s own words. |
| King of kings, Lord of lords | Ratuning para ratu, Gustining para gusti | Ratuning para ratu, Gustining para gusti | Critical | The Return and Reign of Christ | 17, 19 | Bare “Ratu Agung” (Great King, insufficiently superlative) | Builds on baseline Gusti; context must exceed ordinary feudal/aristocratic deference language, exactly as the baseline requires for Gusti alone. |
| Word of God (title) | Sabdanipun Gusti Allah | Sabdanipun Gusti Allah | Critical | Incarnation; Deity of Christ | 19 | ”Pangandikanipun” (weaker, less personal-title register) | Christological title (distinct from “the word of God” as Scripture/message); connects to the baseline Incarnation doctrine (Gusti Allah dados manungsa). |
| the one who is, who was, who is to come | ingkang wonten, ingkang wus wonten, saha ingkang badhé rawuh | — | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 1, 4 | — | Eternal divine self-existence formula; keep full triadic structure, do not compress. |
| the one seated on the throne | ingkang jumeneng ing dhampar | — | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History; Return and Reign of Christ | 4–5, 19–21 | ”kang lungguh ing dhampar” (ordinary “sit,” insufficiently honorific) | Use krama inggil jumeneng, reserved for royal/divine persons. |
| reign (verb) | jumeneng nata | jumeneng nata | High | The Return and Reign of Christ | 5, 11, 20, 22 | ”ngratoni” (adequate but less formal) | Pairs with dhampar and Kratoning Gusti Allah; must be distinguished from any earthly keraton’s political reign. |
| return/coming of Christ | Gusti Yesus badhé rawuh | — | Critical | The Return and Reign of Christ | 1, 22 | ”Gusti Yesus badhé bali” (too casual, lacks honorific weight); any framing evoking Satrio Piningit | Rawuh is krama inggil “to arrive,” reserved for honored persons; must never be linked to the Jayabaya/Satrio Piningit “hidden knight” folk-prophecy pattern already forbidden in the baseline for Messiah. |
B.2 Worship, Throne-Room, and Heavenly Beings
| Term (EN) | Javanese | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| worship (verb) | nyembah | nyembah | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | 4–5, 7, 13–15, 19, 22 | ”sujud” (too specifically Islamic salat-posture-marked) | Must be reserved exclusively for God/Lamb in doctrinal teaching contexts; false worship of the beast (13:4, 8, 12) uses the same verb deliberately to show the counterfeit, but teaching must stress exclusivity of true worship. |
| throne | dhampar | dhampar | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 1, 3–5, 7, 12, 16, 19–22 | ”kursi” (plain chair, no royal weight) | Dhampar (as in dhampar kencana) carries needed cosmological weight but must be explicitly distinguished from an actual earthly keraton throne (Yogyakarta/Surakarta), parallel to the baseline’s caution on Kratoning Gusti Allah. |
| twenty-four elders | patlikur pinituwa | — | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 4–5, 7, 11, 14, 19 | ”sesepuh” (used, but “pinituwa” preferred for liturgical register) | Representative heavenly worship leaders. |
| living creatures | makluk-makluk gesang | — | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 4–7, 14–15, 19 | ”kewan-kewan” (flattens to ordinary animals) | Cherubic/angelic worship-beings, not literal zoo creatures. |
| Almighty | Mahakuwaos | Mahakuwaos | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 1, 4, 11, 15–16, 19, 21 | ”Sakti” (evokes kasekten, forbidden) | Builds on baseline panguwaosipun Gusti Allah; never kasekten. |
| worthy | pantes | pantes | Low-Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 4–5 | ”yogya” (avoided — homophonous with the city name Yogyakarta, risking confusion) | — |
| Holy, Holy, Holy | Suci, Suci, Suci | — | High | Worship of the Lamb; Sanctification | 4 | — | Reuses baseline suci exactly; threefold repetition (trisagion) retained. |
| new song | kidung enggal | — | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 5, 14 | ”tembang anyar” (ngoko register, inconsistent with formal krama standard) | — |
| Hallelujah | Haleluya | Haleluya | Low | Worship of the Lamb | 19 | — | Established transliteration per baseline convention for theological proper nouns. |
| incense / prayers of the saints | dupa, dedonganipun para suci | — | Medium | Prayer and Intercession (extends Romans baseline) | 5, 8 | — | Builds on baseline para suci; not to be linked with incense offered at a punden or grave site. |
B.3 Symbolic and Apocalyptic Figures (Evil / Judgment)
| Term (EN) | Javanese | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dragon | naga (Iblis) | naga | Critical | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 12, 20 | Standalone unqualified “naga” | Naga in Javanese tradition is often a protective/ambiguous mythic figure (guardian serpents at keraton gates, Sang Hyang Anantaboga), not inherently evil. Every occurrence must pair with an explicit gloss identifying it as Satan/the ancient serpent, never left as a neutral or venerated mythic being. |
| Satan | Setan | Setan | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 2, 12, 20 | — | Shared vocabulary with Islamic/folk tradition (parallel to dosa in baseline); must be explicitly anchored to the Rev 12 narrative (defeated adversary), not generic folklore. |
| the Devil | Iblis | Iblis | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 2, 12, 20 | — | Same shared-vocabulary caution as Setan; anchor to the biblical accuser-figure defeated by the Lamb’s blood, not the Qur’anic Iblis narrative. |
| the ancient serpent | ula ingkang kuna | — | Medium | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 12, 20 | — | Identifies the dragon explicitly with the Genesis 3 deceiver. |
| beast | kewan galak | — | High | Judgment of the Wicked; Symbolic Interpretation | 11, 13, 14, 16–17, 19–20 | ”diyu” / “buta” (specific wayang ogre-characters, wrong specific association) | Anti-Christ political/religious power; keep generic-monstrous, not tied to a specific wayang villain identity. |
| mark of the beast | tandha kewan galak | — | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 13, 14, 16, 19–20 | — | Sign of allegiance to the beast’s system; contrasted with God’s seal (ch. 7). |
| number of the beast, 666 | wilangan kewan galak, nem-nem-nem | — | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 13 | Any specific modern-figure identification taught as settled doctrine | Symbolic pattern of repeated imperfection (falling short of 7); resist speculative literal identification. |
| image of the beast | recanipun kewan galak | — | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 13–14, 16, 19–20 | — | Idol-image demanding worship. |
| Babylon the great | Babel ingkang Ageng | Babel | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 14, 16–18 | — | Reuses established proper name Babel (Genesis tradition); must be taught as a corporate, symbolic system across history, not only the ancient literal city. |
| the great harlot | wanita dursila ingkang ageng | — | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 17, 19 | Vulgar/blunt colloquial terms | Symbolic personification of an idolatrous, exploitative world-system; explicitly not a literal individual woman — guard against a shaming reading of actual women. |
| abyss / bottomless pit | jurang tanpa dhasar | — | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 9, 11, 20 | ”kawah candradimuka” (wayang forging/testing-crater myth; wrong association — implies purification, not confinement/punishment) | — |
| Apollyon/Abaddon | Apolyon | Apolyon | Low-Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 9 | — | Transliterated proper name. |
| Armageddon | Harmagedon | Harmagedon | Low | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 16 | — | Symbolic site of final gathering against God, not necessarily a single literal battlefield. |
| Gog and Magog | Gog lan Magog | Gog lan Magog | Low | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 20 | — | Transliterated proper names; symbolic totality of hostile nations. |
| lake of fire and sulfur | tlaga geni saha welirang | — | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 19–21 | ”sagara geni” (imprecise; λίμνη = lake, not sea) | Final, irreversible judgment; must not be read as a purificatory/transitional state (guard against import of any mythic “testing crater” motif). |
| second death | pati kang kaping pindho | — | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked; Assurance of Final Victory | 2, 20–21 | — | Requires an explicit translator note every occurrence distinguishing this from ordinary bodily death (pati) and from any concept of death as a passage into a further cycle of existence. |
| 144,000 | satus patang puluh papat èwu | — | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 7, 14 | Any literal-headcount teaching without the symbolic note | Symbolic totality (12 tribes × 12 × 1,000), not a numerically restricted census. |
| great multitude | wong akèh ingkang tanpa wilangan | — | High | Universal Scope of the Gospel (extends Romans baseline) | 7, 19 | — | Universal, uncountable scope of the redeemed. |
B.4 Witness, Perseverance, and Suffering
| Term (EN) | Javanese | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| witness (testimony, noun) | paseksen | — | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1, 6, 11–12, 17, 19–20 | — | Testimony given/borne; used of John, the two witnesses, martyrs, and Christ himself. |
| witness (person/agent) | seksi | — | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1, 3, 11, 17 | — | The agent who testifies; kept distinct from paseksen (the act/content of testimony). |
| martyr (one killed for testimony) | martir | martir | Critical | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 2, 6, 17, 20 | Leaving seksi to silently absorb both senses | Loanword retained for the specific sense of one put to death for faithful testimony, distinguishing it from a living witness (seksi). |
| the one who overcomes | ingkang menang | — | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution; Assurance of Final Victory | 2–3, 12, 15, 21 | ”ingkang nrimo” (passive fatalistic resignation — already rejected in baseline for providence) | Active, hope-fueled endurance vindicated by God, not passive acceptance of fate. |
| tribulation / great tribulation | kasangsaran (ageng) | — | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1–2, 7 | ”cobaan” (weaker, generic “trial”) | Suffering specifically tied to persecution for faith. |
| patient endurance | kasabaran | — | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1–3, 13–14 | ”nrimo ing pandum” (fatalistic passive acceptance — rejected in baseline) | Active steadfastness grounded in the certainty of future vindication, not resignation to fate. |
| cowardly | jirih | — | Medium | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 21 | — | Direct antonym of “the one who overcomes.” |
B.5 Church as Bride of Christ
| Term (EN) | Javanese | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bride | panganten | — | High | The Church as Bride of Christ | 19, 21 | — | Used adjectivally/descriptively (“prepared as a bride”); paired with the fuller title below for the Church’s identity. |
| the Bride, the wife of the Lamb | garwanipun Sang Cempe | — | Critical | The Church as Bride of Christ | 19, 21 | Any phrasing implying one among several consorts | Garwa (a respectful, formal term for “spouse”) is chosen deliberately; must be taught as a singular, exclusive, permanent covenant union, explicitly guarding against association with the traditional Javanese aristocratic household pattern of a lord having multiple consorts. The Bride is one undivided people united to one Lord. |
| marriage of the Lamb | pangantenipun Sang Cempe | — | Critical | The Church as Bride of Christ | 19 | — | Consummation event; must be kept distinct in register from an ordinary human wedding celebration, while still using recognizable wedding vocabulary. |
B.6 New Creation and Eschatological Hope
| Term (EN) | Javanese | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| new (qualitatively) | enggal | — | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | 2, 3, 5, 14, 21 | ”anyar” (ngoko register, inconsistent with formal krama standard) | Applied to song, name, Jerusalem, heaven and earth; consistently krama register throughout. |
| new heaven and new earth | langit enggal saha bumi enggal | — | Critical | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | — | Core-passage anchor term; qualitatively new creation, not a patched-up former cosmos. |
| New Jerusalem | Yerusalem Enggal | — | Critical | The New Heaven and New Earth; Church as Bride | 3, 21 | — | Identified explicitly with the Bride (ch. 21); descends from God, is not humanly built or ascended to. |
| tabernacle/dwell (God with his people) | jumeneng dedalem | — | Critical | The New Heaven and New Earth | 7, 21 | ”manggon” (too casual/plain for divine indwelling) | Root theological link to baseline Incarnation doctrine (Gusti Allah dados manungsa); permanent covenantal presence, not episodic spirit-visitation. |
| water of life / spring of the water of life | tirta gesang / sumbering tirta gesang | — | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | 7, 21–22 | — | Kept consistent across all three occurrences. |
| tree of life | wit gesang | — | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | 2, 22 | — | Eden restored and surpassed. |
| no more curse | mboten wonten ing bebendhu malih | — | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 22 | — | Full and final reversal of the Genesis 3 curse. |
| book of life | Kitab Gesang | — | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 3, 13, 17, 20–21 | — | Registry of belonging guaranteeing final vindication; kept identical across all occurrences. |
| freely / without cost | tanpa mbayar (paring kanthi lelahanan) | — | Critical | The New Heaven and New Earth; Grace (extends Romans baseline) | 21–22 | Any phrasing implying reciprocal obligation | Directly parallels baseline grace doctrine — guard explicitly against utang budi (reciprocal social debt). |
B.7 History, Judgment, and Sovereignty
| Term (EN) | Javanese | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| revelation/unveiling (common noun) | kawiyakan | — | Critical | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 1 | wahyu (forbidden — collides with baseline’s ban on this word for calling/glory/election/providence) | Book’s fixed citation title remains “Wahyu” by established convention; this common-noun rendering is required for all doctrinal exposition and headings to avoid importing the impersonal royal-mandate concept. Flag Critical in every Phase 2 document. |
| seal (noun/verb) | cap / nyecapi | — | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 5–9, 20 | — | Divine authorization/ownership mark controlling history’s unfolding. |
| judged according to works | kaadili miturut pandamelanipun | — | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 20 | — | Requires a harmonizing note with baseline’s justification-by-faith doctrine (kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah) so this is taught as evidentiary, not meritorious, judgment. |
| wrath of God / of the Lamb | bebenduning Gusti Allah / bebenduning Sang Cempe | — | High | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 6, 14–16, 19 | — | God’s personal, righteous response to persistent evil, never impersonal cosmic retribution. |
| thousand years | sewu taun | — | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History; Return and Reign of Christ | 20 | — | Requires a note acknowledging the range of faithful interpretive traditions rather than silently favoring one. |
| first resurrection | wunguning pati kang kapisan | — | High | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 20 | — | Builds on baseline wungu saka pati; distinguished from the general resurrection of all at final judgment. |
| kingdom of the world has become our Lord’s | Kratoning Gusti Allah (applied) | — | Critical | The Return and Reign of Christ; Sovereignty of God over History | 11 | — | Reuses baseline Kratoning Gusti Allah, Gusti, Sang Mesias exactly; central turning-point proclamation of the book. |
Risk Summary (New Terms, Section B only)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 16 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 20 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 9 | Automated / native speaker spot-check |
Total new terms catalogued: 60 (in addition to 23 baseline terms reused unchanged from the Romans package, per Section A).
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the versioning and enforcement procedure defined in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Frames the entire book of Revelation, appearing in the opening (1:4) and closing (22:21) benediction. Never kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran
Transliteration: kabeneran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation 19:8, expressed as the ‘righteous deeds of the saints’ clothing the Bride; must be taught as Spirit-produced fruit flowing from grace, not self-earned merit.
Justification
Approved rendering: kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Essential background doctrine harmonizing Revelation 20’s judgment ‘according to works’ with salvation by grace through faith.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears as the doxological cry of the redeemed (7:10; 12:10; 19:1). Every occurrence requires the same translator note as Romans distinguishing Christ’s once-for-all rescue from the slametan protective ritual meal; Revelation’s liturgical, chant-like repetition intensifies this risk.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: wungu saka pati
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Foundational to Christ’s title in 1:5 and extended in the ‘first resurrection’ of 20:5-6. Never titisan or reinkarnasi.
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Intensified in Revelation’s compound title ‘Lord of lords’ (17:14; 19:16). Every occurrence needs context establishing exclusive divine Lordship, not keraton-style feudal deference.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Putrané Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Putrané Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept sharply distinct from the believer’s derivative, adoptive sonship (putra) described in Revelation 21:7. Christ’s Sonship alone is eternal, unique, unrepeatable.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah dados manungsa
Transliteration: Gusti Allah dados manungsa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: manunggaling kawula gusti
Inherited from Romans package. Root theological link to Revelation’s ‘tabernacle/dwell’ doctrine (7:15; 21:3): God’s permanent presence among his people. Never manunggaling kawula gusti.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Sang Mesias
Transliteration: Sang Mesias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Satrio Piningit
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Named explicitly at Revelation 11:15 and 12:10. Never Satrio Piningit (Jayabaya’s hidden-knight prophecy).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Named throughout Revelation, climactically in ‘Come, Lord Jesus’ (22:20). Never Nabi Isa.
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The direct addressee of all worship throughout Revelation. Never shortened to bare Gusti.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Speaks to the churches (2:7 etc.) and joins the Bride’s invitation (22:17). Never dhemit or lelembut.
Lamb
Approved rendering: Sang Cempe
Transliteration: Sang Cempe
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: wedhus gèmbèl, unqualified cempe
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
Christ’s central sacrificial-yet-victorious title, ~28 occurrences (chs. 5-7, 12-15, 17, 19, 21-22). Must always be taught as the once-for-all, slain-yet-living Redeemer, explicitly distinguished from the repeated qurban (Eid al-Adha sacrificial lamb) practice of the surrounding Muslim-majority culture. Never a bare animal-image.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: Alfa lan Omega
Transliteration: Alfa lan Omega
Doctrine: Deity and Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wiwitan lan pungkasan (unqualified paraphrase)
Original: Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ
Category: God
Applied to God (1:8; 21:6) and Christ (22:13) — a direct shared-deity claim. Retained transliterated per baseline precedent for Abba.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: Setya tuhu lan sanyata
Transliteration: Setya tuhu lan sanyata
Doctrine: Deity and Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: tuhu lan bener
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
Must be rendered identically at 3:14, 19:11, and 21:5 — applied to both Christ and God’s own words.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Ratuning para ratu, Gustining para gusti
Transliteration: Ratuning para ratu, Gustining para gusti
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Ratu Agung (insufficiently superlative)
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
17:14; 19:16. Must exceed ordinary feudal/aristocratic deference language built into Gusti alone.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: Sabdanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Sabdanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity and Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Pangandikanipun (too weak/plain)
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
19:13. Christological title distinct from ‘the word of God’ as Scripture/message; connects to the Incarnation doctrine.
One Seated On Throne
Approved rendering: ingkang jumeneng ing dhampar
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: kang lungguh ing dhampar (ordinary sit, insufficiently honorific)
Original: ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ
Category: God
4:2-3, 9-10; 5:1, 7, 13; 6:16; 7:10, 15; 19:4; 20:11; 21:5. Uses krama inggil jumeneng, reserved for royal/divine persons.
Return Of Christ
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus badhé rawuh
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti Yesus badhé bali (too casual), any Satrio Piningit framing
Original: ἔρχομαι ταχύ
Category: Eschatology
2:16; 3:11; 16:15; 22:7, 12, 20. Rawuh (krama inggil) must never be linked to the Jayabaya/Satrio Piningit hidden-knight folk-prophecy pattern already forbidden for Messiah.
Worship Verb
Approved rendering: nyembah
Transliteration: nyembah
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / Exclusivity of Worship
Rejected alternatives: sujud (too specifically Islamic salat posture)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
Used both of true worship of God/the Lamb (4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 11:16; 19:4, 10; 22:9) and false, coerced worship of the beast (13:4, 8, 12, 15; 14:9, 11) — the source text’s deliberate parallel must be preserved, not softened.
Dragon
Approved rendering: naga (Iblis)
Transliteration: naga
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
Rejected alternatives: standalone unqualified naga
Original: δράκων
Category: Symbolism
Chapter 12; 20:2. Naga is often a protective/venerated mythic figure in Javanese tradition (keraton guardian serpents, Sang Hyang Anantaboga). Every occurrence must pair naga with an explicit identifying gloss (e.g., ‘naga, inggih menika Iblis’).
Lake Of Fire And Sulfur
Approved rendering: tlaga geni saha welirang
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: sagara geni (imprecise; limnē = lake, not sea)
Original: λίμνη πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ
Category: Judgment
19:20; 20:10, 14-15; 21:8. Final and irreversible; never a purgative/testing-crater motif implying eventual escape.
Second Death
Approved rendering: pati kang kaping pindho
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Second Death and Eternal Separation
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8. Requires an explicit translator note every occurrence distinguishing this from ordinary bodily death (pati) and from any reading of ‘death’ as passage into a further cycle of existence.
Martyr
Approved rendering: martir
Transliteration: martir
Doctrine: Martyrdom and Testimony
Rejected alternatives: leaving seksi to silently absorb both senses, syahid (Islamic holy-war martyrdom framework)
Original: μάρτυς (in the sense of one killed for testimony)
Category: Perseverance
2:13; 6:9; 17:6; 20:4. Loanword retained to mark one killed for faithful testimony. Never glossed with syahid; always couple with ‘kesaksianipun dhateng Gusti Yesus.‘
Bride Wife Of Lamb
Approved rendering: garwanipun Sang Cempe
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: any phrasing implying one among several consorts
Original: ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
19:7; 21:9. Garwa is chosen deliberately; must be taught as singular, exclusive, permanent covenant union, explicitly guarding against the Javanese aristocratic pattern of a lord with multiple consorts (garwa padmi/ampeyan). Mandatory exclusivity marker every occurrence.
Marriage Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: pangantenipun Sang Cempe
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
19:7, 9. Must be kept distinct in register from an ordinary human wedding celebration.
New Heaven New Earth
Approved rendering: langit enggal saha bumi enggal
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
Core-passage anchor (21:1). Qualitatively new creation, not a patched-up former cosmos; guard against the Javanese jaman edan → jaman kencana cyclical-renewal reading.
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Yerusalem Enggal
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as God’s Dwelling
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Eschatology
3:12; 21:2, 10. Descends from God; not humanly built or ascended to; identified with the Bride (ch. 21).
Tabernacle Dwell
Approved rendering: jumeneng dedalem
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as God’s Dwelling
Rejected alternatives: manggon (too casual/plain for divine indwelling)
Original: σκηνώσει
Category: God
7:15; 21:3. Root theological link to the baseline Incarnation doctrine; permanent covenantal presence, never episodic spirit-visitation or a wayang god-among-mortals motif.
Freely Without Cost
Approved rendering: tanpa mbayar (paring kanthi lelahanan)
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: any phrasing implying reciprocal obligation
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
21:6; 22:17. Directly parallels the baseline grace doctrine; explicitly guard against a utang budi (reciprocal social debt) reading.
Revelation Unveiling Common Noun
Approved rendering: kawiyakan
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: wahyu (forbidden — collides with baseline ban for calling/glory/election/providence)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Symbolism
1:1. The book’s fixed citation title remains ‘Wahyu’ by established convention; this common-noun rendering is required for all doctrinal exposition and headings. Flag Critical in every Phase 2 document.
Judged According To Works
Approved rendering: kaadili miturut pandamelanipun
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
Category: Judgment
20:12-13. Requires a mandatory harmonizing note with the baseline’s kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah (justification by faith) so this is taught as evidentiary, not meritorious, judgment.
Death
Approved rendering: pati
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Second Death and Eternal Separation
Original: θάνατος
Category: Eschatology
6:8; 20:13-14; abolished 21:4. Must be sharply distinguished from the ‘second death.‘
Amen Faithful True Witness
Approved rendering: Sang Amin, seksi ingkang setya tuhu lan sanyata
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Deity and Titles of Christ
3:14. Christ as the ultimate faithful martyr/witness, model for the church’s own perseverance; must anticipate the identical ‘Setya tuhu lan sanyata’ title at 19:11 and 21:5.
Redeemed Purchased
Approved rendering: mundhut kanthi rah (nebus)
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
5:9. Must preserve the costliness of the purchase (blood) while teaching, per the baseline’s grace notes, that the benefit remains an unearned gift, not a debt owed back.
Glory Of God As Light
Approved rendering: kamulyanipun Gusti Allah minangka pepadhang
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Glory of God as Light
21:23; 22:5. Kamulyan is God’s own inherent radiance, never a conferred wahyu-style mandate-light or kasekten-style potency; the Lamb as lamp is the vessel of God’s glory, not an independent source.
Reign Forever And Ever
Approved rendering: badhé jumeneng nata ing salami-laminipun
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
22:5. The saints share eternally in Christ’s reign — completes the Return and Reign of Christ doctrine.
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: Amin, Gusti Yesus, mugi rawuh
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
22:20. The church’s own answering prayer of hope; must be rendered identically wherever quoted across Phase 2 documents.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Eternal Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly for Revelation’s ‘eternal gospel’ (14:6-7). Risk level raised to High in this registry to reflect the doctrine’s Critical primary passage weight in Romans while remaining consistent with the specific, unique proclamation of salvation through Christ, not generic religious teaching.
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation, undergirds perseverance under persecution (2:13, 19; 13:10; 14:12); object of faith (Christ) must remain recoverable from context.
Holy
Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Repeated in the trisagion (4:8) and applied to the holy city (21:2, 10). Never kramat.
Saints
Approved rendering: para suci
Transliteration: para suci
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (risk raised to High in Revelation per bible_term_registry.json given the martyr-saints of chs. 6, 17, 20). Never wali; every believer, not a venerated elite whose graves are pilgrimage sites.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pensucen
Transliteration: pensucen
Doctrine: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant background for Revelation’s holiness vocabulary (3:7; 4:8; 20:6; 22:11); distinct from ritual purification.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: cemer
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Ground of Babylon’s judgment (18:4-5). Anchored to moral transgression, not ritual impurity.
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The light of the New Jerusalem (21:11, 23) and object of doxology throughout (1:6; 4:11; 5:12-13; 7:12; 19:1). Never wahyu or kasekten.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Distinguished repeatedly from the counterfeit authority granted to the beast and dragon (13:2; cf. 12:10; 19:1). Never kasekten.
Covenant
Approved rendering: prajanjian
Transliteration: prajanjian
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The ‘ark of the covenant’ appears visibly in the heavenly temple (11:19).
Providence
Approved rendering: pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan
Transliteration: pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: pesthi, nrimo ing pandum
Inherited from Romans package. Extends directly into Revelation’s Sovereignty of God over History doctrine (throne-room and seal visions). Never bare pesthi or the passive nrimo ing pandum ethic.
Father
Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: Rama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Inherited from Romans package. Background relational term for God underlying Revelation 21:7’s ‘I will be his God and he will be my son.’ Never Leluhur.
Eternal Divine Self Existence
Approved rendering: ingkang wonten, ingkang wus wonten, saha ingkang badhé rawuh
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος
Category: God
1:4, 8; 4:8. Triadic structure must not be compressed or abbreviated.
Reign Verb
Approved rendering: jumeneng nata
Transliteration: jumeneng nata
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ngratoni (adequate but less formal)
Original: βασιλεύω
Category: Kingdom
5:10; 11:15, 17; 20:4, 6; 22:5. The saints’ reigning must be taught as participatory in Christ’s reign, not independent rule.
Throne
Approved rendering: dhampar
Transliteration: dhampar
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: kursi (plain chair, no royal weight)
Original: θρόνος
Category: Worship
1:4; 3:21; 4:2ff; 12:5; 13:2; 16:10; 20:11; 22:1, 3. Must be explicitly distinguished from an earthly keraton throne (Yogyakarta/Surakarta).
Almighty
Approved rendering: Mahakuwaos
Transliteration: Mahakuwaos
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: Sakti (evokes kasekten)
Original: Παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7, 14; 19:6, 15; 21:22. Builds on baseline panguwaosipun Gusti Allah.
Trisagion
Approved rendering: Suci, Suci, Suci
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος
Category: Worship
4:8. Reuses baseline suci exactly; threefold repetition retained.
Satan
Approved rendering: Setan
Transliteration: Setan
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
Original: ὁ Σατανᾶς
Category: Symbolism
2:9, 13, 24; 3:9; 12:9; 20:2, 7. Shared vocabulary with Islamic/folk tradition; anchor explicitly to the Revelation 12 narrative — a personal, defeated enemy.
Devil
Approved rendering: Iblis
Transliteration: Iblis
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
Original: ὁ διάβολος
Category: Symbolism
2:10; 12:9, 12; 20:2, 10. Anchor explicitly to Revelation 12:9-11’s accuser-defeated-by-blood-of-the-Lamb narrative, never the Qur’anic Iblis narrative.
Beast
Approved rendering: kewan galak
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: diyu / buta (specific wayang ogre-characters)
Original: θηρίον
Category: Symbolism
11:7; ch. 13; 14:9, 11; 16:2, 10, 13; 17:3ff; 19:19-20; 20:10. Keep generic-monstrous, not tied to a specific wayang villain identity.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: tandha kewan galak
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Mark of the Beast and False Allegiance
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Judgment
13:16-17; 14:9, 11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4. Must be taught in direct antithetical pairing with God’s seal (chapter 7).
Image Of The Beast
Approved rendering: recanipun kewan galak
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Mark of the Beast and False Allegiance
Original: εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Judgment
13:14-15; 14:9, 11; 15:2; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4. Never softened into a merely political statue devoid of worship-demand.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: Babel ingkang Ageng
Transliteration: Babel
Doctrine: Babylon and the Worldly System
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
14:8; chs. 17-18. Reuses established proper name Babel; taught as a corporate, symbolic system across history.
Great Harlot
Approved rendering: wanita dursila ingkang ageng
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Babylon and the Worldly System
Rejected alternatives: blunt colloquial terms
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
17:1, 5, 15-16; 19:2. Symbolic personification of an exploitative world-system; guard against a shaming reading of actual women.
Great Multitude
Approved rendering: wong akèh ingkang tanpa wilangan
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Redeemed
Original: ὄχλος πολύς
Category: Church
7:9; 19:1, 6. Must not be qualified or narrowed; no priyayi/wong cilik class barrier implied.
Witness Testimony
Approved rendering: paseksen
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία
Category: Perseverance
1:2, 9; 11:7; 12:11; 19:10; 20:4. Kept distinct from seksi (the witness-agent).
Witness Person
Approved rendering: seksi
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Perseverance
1:5; 3:14; 11:3; 2:13 (Antipas). Kept distinct from paseksen (the act/content of testimony).
One Who Overcomes
Approved rendering: ingkang menang
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: ingkang nrimo (passive fatalistic resignation, rejected in baseline for providence)
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Perseverance
Chs. 2-3 refrain; echoed 12:11; 21:7. Active, hope-fueled endurance vindicated by God, not military conquest.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: kasangsaran (ageng)
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: cobaan (too generic, ‘trial’)
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
1:9; 2:9-10; 7:14. Suffering specifically tied to persecution for faith.
Patient Endurance
Approved rendering: kasabaran
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: nrimo ing pandum (fatalistic passive acceptance)
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
1:9; 2:2-3, 19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12. Active steadfastness grounded in certain future vindication.
Bride
Approved rendering: panganten
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
21:2 (‘prepared as a bride’); 19:7. Used adjectivally/descriptively; paired with garwanipun Sang Cempe for the Church’s full covenant identity.
No More Curse
Approved rendering: mboten wonten ing bebendhu malih
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: No More Curse — Reversal of the Genesis Curse
Original: οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι κατάρα
Category: Eschatology
22:3. Full and final reversal of the Genesis 3 curse, not a partial or gradual amelioration.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: Kitab Gesang
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Book of Life and Final Security
Original: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Judgment
3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27. Kept identical across all occurrences; when specified as the Lamb’s book of life (21:27), security is grounded in the Lamb’s redemptive work.
Wrath Of God And Lamb
Approved rendering: bebenduning Gusti Allah / bebenduning Sang Cempe
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Righteous Judgment
Original: ὀργή / θυμός
Category: God
6:16-17; 14:10, 19; 15:1, 7; 16:1, 19; 19:15. God’s/the Lamb’s personal, righteous response, never impersonal cosmic retribution.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: wunguning pati kang kapisan
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
20:5-6. Builds on baseline wungu saka pati; distinguished from the general resurrection of all at final judgment.
Key Of David
Approved rendering: kunciné Dawud
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Key of David — Messianic Authority
Original: ἡ κλεὶς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
3:7. Christ’s messianic authority to open/close access to God’s kingdom, not a merely dynastic/political inheritance.
Key Of Death And Hades
Approved rendering: kunci pati lan Hadès
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Deity and Titles of Christ
Original: κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου
Category: Christology
1:18. Grounds the assurance that no power, including death, operates outside Christ’s authority.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: kalih seksi
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Two Witnesses and Prophetic Testimony
Original: δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Perseverance
11:3-12. Models the pattern of witness-unto-death-then-vindication-by-resurrection central to the Perseverance and Martyrdom doctrines.
Song Of Moses And The Lamb
Approved rendering: kidungipun Musa lan Sang Cempe
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Song of Moses and the Lamb — Continuity of Salvation History
Original: ᾆσμα Μωϋσέως … καὶ τὸ ᾆσμα τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Worship
15:3-4. Unified salvation-history, not two separate or competing songs.
Son Believers Sonship
Approved rendering: putra
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance of Overcomers
Original: υἱός
Category: Salvation
21:7. Must never be confused with the Christological title Putrané Gusti Allah; the believer’s sonship is derivative and adoptive.
Harvest And Winepress
Approved rendering: panèn / pameresan bebenduning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: θερισμός / ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
14:14-20. Retains the agricultural imagery’s finality — a decisive, completed act of judgment.
Beginning And End
Approved rendering: wiwitan lan wekasan
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
21:6. Paired explanatory gloss on Alpha/Omega; must be taught alongside Alfa lan Omega, not as a softer separate substitute.
Unbelieving
Approved rendering: tanpa pitados
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
21:8. Built directly on baseline pitados; never rendered with an unrelated word obscuring the direct antonym relationship.
Idolater
Approved rendering: tiyang ingkang nyembah brahala
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Exclusivity of Worship
21:8; ch. 13. Brahala is the classical Javanese term for a carved idol/false god, kept deliberately distinct from ancestor-veneration vocabulary (leluhur, punden) so this term targets image-worship specifically.
Slain
Approved rendering: kang wus katelasan (kang sinembelèh)
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
5:6, 9, 12. The Lamb’s death is the ground of his worthiness and worship.
Death And Hades Personified
Approved rendering: Pati lan Hadès
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
6:8. Personified powers permitted limited, temporary authority under God’s sovereign control.
Souls Of Those Slain
Approved rendering: nyawanipun para ingkang dipatèni
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Vindication of the Saints
6:9-11. The martyrs’ cry for vindication.
Did Not Repent
Approved rendering: mboten enggal mratobat
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Righteous Judgment
16:9, 11. Persistent, willful impenitence despite clear judgment — moral culpability, not fate.
Babylon Has Fallen
Approved rendering: Babel ingkang Ageng sampun rebah
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Babylon and the Worldly System
18:2. Prophetic certainty of the final collapse of every anti-God system.
Fine Linen Righteous Deeds
Approved rendering: kain lenan ingkang wening, lelabuhanipun para suci
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
19:8. Builds on baseline kabeneran and para suci; the Bride’s garment represents Spirit-produced righteousness, not self-earned merit.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: dhampar pethak ingkang ageng
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
20:11. Reuses dhampar; the final, impartial judgment seat of God.
No Temple In It
Approved rendering: mboten wonten padaleman suci
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as God’s Dwelling
21:22. God and the Lamb themselves are the temple; must not be misread as devaluing corporate worship, but as its fulfillment.
Nothing Unclean Shall Enter
Approved rendering: mboten wonten ingkang najis badhé lumebet
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as God’s Dwelling
21:27. Builds on baseline suci (antonym); absolute moral purity of the eternal city.
Servants Will Worship
Approved rendering: para abdinipun badhé ngabekti dhateng Panjenenganipun
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
22:3. Eternal, unmediated priestly service — final form of Worship of the Lamb doctrine.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation 21:14, the twelve apostles form the New Jerusalem’s foundations. Never rasul.
Adoption
Approved rendering: pengangkatan dadi putra
Transliteration: pengangkatan dadi putra
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Extended by Revelation 21:7’s ‘the one who overcomes will inherit… he will be my son.’ Full, permanent sonship with complete inheritance rights.
Church
Approved rendering: pasamuwan
Transliteration: pasamuwan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: punden
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The seven churches of chapters 1-3. Never punden.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Kingdom Proclamation
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Proclaimed decisively in Revelation 11:15, ‘the kingdom of the world has become our Lord’s and his Christ’s’ — the book’s central turning-point verse. Must be distinguished from an earthly keraton as a political institution.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: patlikur pinituwa
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: sesepuh (less liturgical register)
Original: πρεσβύτεροι εἴκοσι τέσσαρες
Category: Worship
4:4, 10; 5:5-14; 7:11, 13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: makluk-makluk gesang
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: kewan-kewan (flattens to ordinary animals)
Original: ζῷα
Category: Worship
4:6-9; 5:6, 8, 14; 6:1, 6; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4.
Worthy
Approved rendering: pantes
Transliteration: pantes
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: yogya (homophonous with Yogyakarta, risks confusion)
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
4:11; 5:2, 4, 9, 12. Flag Critical when directly modifying Sang Cempe.
New Song
Approved rendering: kidung enggal
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: tembang anyar (ngoko register)
Original: ᾆσμα καινόν
Category: Worship
5:9; 14:3.
Incense Prayers Of Saints
Approved rendering: dupa, dedonganipun para suci
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: θυμιάμα, προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship
5:8; 8:3-4. Not to be linked with incense offered at a punden or grave site.
Ancient Serpent
Approved rendering: ula ingkang kuna
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
Original: ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος
Category: Symbolism
12:9; 20:2. Identifies the dragon/Satan explicitly with the Genesis 3 deceiver.
Number Of The Beast
Approved rendering: wilangan kewan galak, nem-nem-nem
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: any specific modern-figure identification taught as settled doctrine
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου, ἑξήκοντα ἕξ
Category: Symbolism
13:18. Symbolic pattern of repeated imperfection, falling short of the completeness of 7.
Abyss
Approved rendering: jurang tanpa dhasar
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: kawah candradimuka (wayang forging/testing-crater myth implying purification)
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Symbolism
9:1-2, 11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1, 3. Prison-realm of demonic forces, opened/shut only by God’s permission.
Hundred Forty Four Thousand
Approved rendering: satus patang puluh papat èwu
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: any literal-headcount teaching without symbolic note
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Symbolism
7:4; 14:1, 3. Symbolic totality (12 tribes × 12 × 1,000), not a numerically restricted census.
Cowardly
Approved rendering: jirih
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δειλός
Category: Perseverance
21:8. Direct antonym of ingkang menang.
New Qualitative
Approved rendering: enggal
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: anyar (ngoko register)
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
Applied to song (5:9; 14:3), name (2:17; 3:12), Jerusalem (3:12; 21:2), heaven/earth (21:1, 5). Krama register consistently.
Water Of Life
Approved rendering: tirta gesang / sumbering tirta gesang
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Water and Tree of Life
Original: ὕδωρ τῆς ζωῆς / πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
7:17; 21:6; 22:1, 17. Kept consistent across all occurrences; God himself as the inexhaustible source of eternal life.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: wit gesang
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Water and Tree of Life
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
2:7; 22:2, 14, 19. Eden’s imagery restored and surpassed.
Seal
Approved rendering: cap / nyecapi
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σφραγίς
Category: Symbolism
Chs. 5-9; 20:3. Divine authorization/ownership mark; kept in deliberate contrast with the mark of the beast.
Thousand Years
Approved rendering: sewu taun
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Millennial Reign (Interpretive Range)
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
20:2-7. Requires a note flagging the range of faithful interpretive traditions, since readers may otherwise map this onto Jayabaya-style cyclical-era succession.
Sea
Approved rendering: sagara
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάλασσα
Category: Eschatology
13:1; 21:1. ‘The sea is no more’ requires a teaching note that this is not a literal geography claim but removal of the last locus of cosmic disorder in the book’s own symbolism.
Holy City
Approved rendering: Kitha Suci
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as God’s Dwelling
Original: πόλις … ἁγία
Category: Church
11:2; 21:2, 10; 22:19. Reuses baseline suci; must not evoke a pilgrimage/shrine site.
Inherit
Approved rendering: badhé nampi pusaka
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance of Overcomers
Original: κληρονομήσει
Category: Salvation
21:7. Echoes and completes the baseline adoption doctrine’s promise of full inheritance rights.
People Of God Laoi
Approved rendering: umat
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as God’s Dwelling
21:3. Echoes OT covenant formula ‘I will be their God, they will be my people.‘
Descending
Approved rendering: tumurun
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as God’s Dwelling
21:2. Preserves directionality: God’s initiative toward humanity, not human mystical ascent.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: sampun kelampahan
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
21:6. Echoes the finality of Christ’s cross-word (John 19:30); announced as accomplished fact, not hoped-for possibility.
Wipe Away
Approved rendering: ngusapi
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
7:17; 21:4. Retains God’s own tender, personal, first-person-agent action, not a passive ‘tears will be gone.‘
Detestable
Approved rendering: ingkang njijiki
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
21:8. Moral corruption repugnant to God’s holiness.
Liars
Approved rendering: para tukang dora
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Deity and Titles of Christ
21:8. Contrasted with ‘Faithful and True’ (v.5) — total opposite of God’s own trustworthy character.
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: makuthaning gesang
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
2:10. Victor’s reward for enduring testing/persecution unto death.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: lintang panjer rina
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Deity and Titles of Christ
2:28; echoed 22:16. Christ’s own future gift/identity; keep consistent across both occurrences.
Honor
Approved rendering: kaurmatan
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
4:9, 11; 5:12-13; 7:12. Paired with kamulyan and panguwaos in doxological ascriptions.
Kingdom And Priests
Approved rendering: Kratoning Gusti Allah (root) saha para imam
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Kingdom Proclamation
5:10. The redeemed community’s identity — royal priesthood status.
How Long
Approved rendering: ngantos pinten dangunipun?
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Vindication of the Saints
6:10. The saints’ urgent appeal to God’s justice, answered progressively through the book.
No More Delay
Approved rendering: mboten badhé lami-lami malih
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
10:6. God’s timetable for history’s consummation is fixed and imminent.
Ark Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: peti prajanjian
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
11:19. Reuses baseline prajanjian; God’s covenant faithfulness visibly present in the heavenly temple.
War In Heaven
Approved rendering: perang ing swarga
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict and Satan’s Defeat
12:7. Cosmic conflict resolved by Christ’s victory, not an ongoing unresolved struggle; guard against a wayang-style eternal-balance-of-forces reading.
In One Hour
Approved rendering: ing sajroning sakedhap
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Babylon and the Worldly System
18:10, 17, 19. Suddenness of divine judgment against apparent worldly permanence.
Twelve Gates Foundations Apostles
Approved rendering: kalih welas kori, kalih welas pandhemen, kalih welas utusan
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as God’s Dwelling
21:12-14. Reuses baseline utusan for apostles; continuity of the whole covenant people (OT tribes + NT apostles).
Do Not Add Or Take Away
Approved rendering: mboten kenging nambahi utawi nyuda
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Canonical Integrity Warning
22:18-19. Protects the finality and sufficiency of the revealed word; rendered with clear prohibitive force, not softened into a general literary caution.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: dhukun
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to the two witnesses (11:10), John (22:9), and (with the mandatory qualifier ‘nabi palsu’) the false prophet (16:13; 19:20; 20:10). Never dhukun.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: pameca
Transliteration: pameca
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: primbon
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The whole book is framed as ‘the words of the prophecy’ (1:3; 22:7, 10, 18-19). Distinct from primbon.
David
Approved rendering: Dawud
Transliteration: Dawud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Source of Messiah’s royal line, invoked in ‘Root of David’ (5:5), ‘key of David’ (3:7), and ‘Root and Offspring of David’ (22:16).
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: Haleluya
Transliteration: Haleluya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
19:1, 3, 4, 6. Established transliteration per baseline convention.
Apollyon
Approved rendering: Apolyon
Transliteration: Apolyon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἀπολλύων / Ἀβαδδών
Category: Symbolism
9:11. Transliterated proper name.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: Harmagedon
Transliteration: Harmagedon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Symbolism
16:16. Symbolic site of final gathering against God, not necessarily a single literal battlefield.
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: Gog lan Magog
Transliteration: Gog lan Magog
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Symbolism
20:8. Transliterated proper names; symbolic totality of hostile nations.
Jerusalem Proper Name
Approved rendering: Yerusalem
Transliteration: Yerusalem
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as God’s Dwelling
21:2. Established Indonesian-archipelago Bible proper-name form; kept distinct from the earthly city’s contemporary geopolitical associations when qualified ‘Enggal.‘
Adorned
Approved rendering: kaajengan / kaéndahan
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
21:2. Not self-achieved beauty but a readiness given and bestowed.
Write Command
Approved rendering: serat / tulisen
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
21:5. Establishes the certainty and permanence of the promise as inscribed, authoritative revelation.
Thirsty
Approved rendering: ngelak
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
21:6. Whoever longs for life is invited without qualification or class distinction.
Mourning
Approved rendering: sungkawa
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
21:4. Grief tied to death and loss, permanently removed.
Crying Outcry
Approved rendering: panjerit
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
21:4. Cry of suffering and lament, ended.
Pain
Approved rendering: kasakitan
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
21:4. Bodily and existential suffering, permanently ended.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: kepenak-kepenak (ora bening ora panas)
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
3:16. Pastoral, not primarily doctrinal risk.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: kalasangka
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Ordered Judgment: Seals, Trumpets, and Bowls
Ch. 8-9. Announces successive divine judgments — orderly, not chaotic.
Wormwood
Approved rendering: apsintus
Transliteration: apsintus
Doctrine: Ordered Judgment: Seals, Trumpets, and Bowls
8:11. Transliterated; symbolic ecological judgment.
Locusts
Approved rendering: walang
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
9:3-11. Symbolic instruments of limited, God-permitted torment, not literal agricultural pests.
Little Scroll
Approved rendering: kitab cilik
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
10:2, 9-10. Prophetic commissioning — sweet to receive, bitter to proclaim.
Seven Thunders
Approved rendering: pitung gludhug
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
10:3-4. God’s sovereignty includes what he chooses not to reveal.
Seven Bowls
Approved rendering: pitung mangkok
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Ordered Judgment: Seals, Trumpets, and Bowls
15:7; ch. 16. Final series of judgments, completing God’s wrath.
Referenced passages