Core Glossary — Luke 1-24 (Javanese)

Section A — Reused Terms from Romans Baseline (Exact Reuse Required)

Term	Javanese Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	First Luke Occurrence	Note
God	Gusti Allah	Critical	Deity of Christ	1:6	Never shorten to bare Gusti
Jesus	Gusti Yesus	Critical	Lordship of Christ	1:31	Never Nabi Isa
Lord	Gusti	Critical/High	Lordship of Christ	1:6	Context must establish exclusive lordship, esp. 19:38, 20:41-44
Holy Spirit	Roh Suci	Critical	Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History	1:15	Never dhemit/lelembut
Son of God	Putrané Gusti Allah	Critical	Sonship/Deity of Christ	1:32	Distinguish from Son of Man (new term, Section B)
Messiah	Sang Mesias	Critical	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	2:11	Never Satrio Piningit
Incarnation	Gusti Allah dados manungsa	Critical	Incarnation	1:31-35	Never manunggaling kawula gusti
Resurrection	wungu saka pati	Critical	Resurrection	9:22; 20:27-40; 24:6	Never titisan/reinkarnasi
Salvation	kaslametan	Critical	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	1:69, 71, 77; 2:11; 19:9	Requires slametan-distinguishing note at every occurrence
Grace	sih-rahmat	Critical	Good News to the Poor / Grace	4:19 (Jubilee)	Never kasekten/wahyu/utang budi
Power of God	panguwaosipun Gusti Allah	Critical	Holy Spirit’s Work / Kingdom	4:14; 21:27; 24:49	Never kasekten
Justification	kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah	Critical	Repentance and Forgiveness	18:14	Compound phrase mandatory
Faith	pitados	Medium	Jesus as Savior for All / Prayer	5:20; 7:9, 50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42	Object of faith = Christ
Righteousness	kabeneran	High	Repentance / Table Fellowship	23:47	Not kasampurnan
Gospel/good news	Injil	Medium	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	4:18, 43	Not generic teaching
Kingdom of God	Kratoning Gusti Allah	Medium	Kingdom Present and Future	4:43; 8:10; 13:18-21; 17:21	Tense-marking strategy needed (see Section C note)
Holy	suci	High	Discipleship / Prayer	1:15, 35; 11:2	Not kramat
Sin	dosa	High	Repentance and Forgiveness	1:77; 3:3; 5:8, 32	Shared vocabulary w/ Islam; anchor to personal God
Gentiles/nations	bangsa liya	Medium/High	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	2:32; 24:47	”all nations” (24:47) must retain full inclusivity
Glory	kamulyan	High	Deity of Christ / Kingdom Future	2:9, 14; 9:26, 31-32; 21:27; 24:26	Not wahyu/kasekten
Father	Rama	High	Prayer and Dependence on God	10:21; 11:2; 22:42; 23:34	Not Leluhur
Covenant	prajanjian	High	Fulfillment of Prophecy	1:72; 22:20	Base for “new covenant” (Section B)
Law	angger-anggering Toret	Medium	Fulfillment of Prophecy	2:22-24, 27, 39; 16:16	Mosaic law specifically
David	Dawud	Medium	Davidic Covenant	1:27, 32; 2:4, 11; 3:31; 20:41-44	Established form
Israel	Israel	Medium	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	1:16, 54, 68, 80; 2:32	Established form
Prophet	nabi	Low	Inspiration of Scripture	1:76; 3:4; 4:17, 24; 7:16, 26, 39	Not dhukun
Prophecy	pameca	Low	Fulfillment of Prophecy	1:67; 24:25-27	Not primbon
Peace	katentreman	Medium	Kingdom Present and Future	2:14, 29; 7:50; 19:38, 42	Not meditative calm
Thanksgiving	pamuji sukur	Low	Prayer and Dependence on God	1:46-55 (implicit); 17:16; 18:11	Standard term
Fellowship	patunggilan	Low	Table Fellowship with Sinners	(thematic, ch. 5, 15)	Deeper than kekancan
Church	pasamuwan	Medium	(background; Acts continuation)	(not prominent in Luke text itself)	Retained for consistency
Apostle	utusan	Medium	Discipleship	6:13; 9:1-6; 22:14	Not rasul
Exhort	pitutur	Low	Mutual Edification	3:18	Context-sensitive
Seed of David	tedhak turune Dawud	High	Davidic Covenant	1:32; 3:31	Physical lineage
Election	pepilihanipun Gusti Allah	High	Kingdom Present and Future	18:7 (implicit, “his elect”)	Not wahyu
Providence	pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan	High	Prayer and Dependence on God	12:6-7, 22-31	Not pesthi/nrimo ing pandum
Called/calling	katimbalan / katimbalanipun Gusti Allah	High	Discipleship	5:32; 14:16-24	Not wahyu
Abba	Abba	Medium	Prayer and Dependence on God	(thematic parallel to 22:42, “Father”)	Retain transliteration
Sanctification	pensucen	High	Discipleship	(background; developed more fully in Epistles)	Not ascetic self-perfection

Section B — New Terms Introduced by Luke

Term	Original (Greek)	Transliteration	Javanese Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	First Occurrence	Alternatives Rejected	Notes
Synagogue	συναγωγή	synagōgē	sinagoge	Medium	Fulfillment of Prophecy	4:16	masjid, punden	Never mosque or spirit-shrine
Anoint(ed)	χρίω	chriō	sampun kajebadan	Critical	Messianic Promise	4:18	wahyu (as gloss)	Ties to Sang Mesias etymology
Poor	πτωχός	ptōchos	tiyang mlarat	High	Good News to the Poor	4:18	over-spiritualized metaphor only	Retain real economic + humble-dependence sense
Release/liberty (captives)	ἄφεσις	aphesis	kamardikan	Critical	Good News to the Poor / Repentance	4:18	—	Same Gk root as “forgiveness of sins”; teach both together
Forgiveness of sins	ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν	aphesis hamartiōn	pangapuraning dosa	High	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	1:77; 3:3	mere social apology (nyuwun pangapunten alone)	Anchor to Christ’s atoning death
Oppressed/set at liberty	τεθραυσμένος	tethrausmenos	tiyang katindhes dipun mardikakaken	Medium	Good News to the Poor	4:18	—	From Isa 58:6 insertion
Acceptable year of the Lord	ἐνιαυτὸν κυρίου δεκτόν	eniauton kyriou dekton	taun sih-rahmatipun Gusti ingkang katrimah	Critical	Grace / Good News to the Poor	4:19	vague poetic blessing	Requires Lev. 25 Jubilee background teaching
Fulfilled	πληρόω (πεπλήρωται)	plēroō	sampun kaleksanan	Critical	Fulfillment of Prophecy	4:21	cyclical/recurring fulfillment	Once-for-all, not Jayabaya-style recurrence
Today (eschatological)	σήμερον	sēmeron	dinten iki	High	Kingdom Present and Future	4:21; 19:9; 23:43	—	Requires deliberate tense-marking strategy
Angel	ἄγγελος	angelos	malaekat	Medium	Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History	1:11	—	Real created being, not ancestral/nature spirit
Most High	ὕψιστος	Hypsistos	Ingkang Mahaluhur	High	Deity/Sonship of Christ	1:32	Hyang Mahaagung (pantheon connotation)	Anchor to Gusti Allah
Overshadow	ἐπισκιάζω	episkiazō	ngayomi	Critical	Incarnation	1:35	manunggaling kawula gusti framing	Unique creative act, not mystical fusion
Virgin	παρθένος	parthenos	prawan	Critical	Incarnation	1:27, 34	—	Real historical virginal conception
Mercy	ἔλεος	eleos	sih-kawelasan	High	Repentance and Forgiveness / Compassion	1:50	—	Distinct from but complementary to grace; avoid utang budi framing
Redemption/redeem	λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις	lytrōsis / apolytrōsis	panebusan	High	Davidic Covenant / Kingdom Future	1:68; 21:28	commercial transaction only	Costly divine rescue
Savior	σωτήρ	sōtēr	Juru Selamet	Critical	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	2:11	—	Same slametan-root risk as kaslametan
Joy	χαρά	chara	kabungahan	Low	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	1:14; 2:10	—	Tie consistently to God’s saving acts
Light for revelation to Gentiles	φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν	phōs eis apokalypsin ethnōn	pepadhang tumrap pepenget bangsa liya	High	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	2:32	—	Full inclusion of non-Jews from Gospel’s outset
Repentance	μετάνοια / μετανοέω	metanoia / metanoeō	pamratobat / mratobat	High	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	3:3	tapa (ascetic penance)	Shared vocabulary w/ Islamic tobat; anchor to Christ’s work
Baptism	βάπτισμα	baptisma	baptis	Medium	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	3:3	—	Distinguish from ritual washing (wudhu)
Tax collector	τελώνης	telōnēs	juru mupu beya	Low-Medium	Compassion and Table Fellowship	3:12	—	Needs first-century social-stigma note
Devil	διάβολος	diabolos	Iblis	Medium	(Temptation narrative)	4:2	—	Shared term with Islam; role-specific teaching needed
Demon / evil spirit	δαιμόνιον	daimonion	roh dursila	High	Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History	4:33	dhemit, lelembut	Command/expel, never appease
Disciple	μαθητής	mathētēs	murid	Medium	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	5:30	sakabat, santri	Avoid Islamic-institutional framing
Cleanse	καθαρίζω	katharizō	ngresiki / resik	Medium	Compassion / Table Fellowship	5:12-13	mere ritual purification	Authoritative, once-for-all healing act
Sinner	ἁμαρτωλός	hamartōlos	tiyang dosa	Medium	Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners	5:8, 30	—	Directly linked to repentance
Table fellowship (eating with)	συνανάκειμαι	synanakeimai	dhahar sesarengan	High	Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners	5:29-30	—	Distinguish from slametan ritual meal
Blessed	μακάριος	makarios	rahayu	Medium	Good News to the Poor	6:20	begja (mere luck)	Anchor to specific eschatological reversal content
Woe	οὐαί	ouai	cilaka	Low-Medium	Good News to the Poor	6:24	—	Paired with rahayu in reversal pattern
Zealot	Ζηλωτής	Zēlōtēs	Zelot	Low	(Political background)	6:15	—	Explanatory note on revolutionary movement
Compassion	σπλαγχνίζομαι	splanchnizomai	trenyuh ing panggalihipun	Medium	Compassion and Table Fellowship	7:13	—	Retain visceral, personal quality
”The one who is to come”	ὁ ἐρχόμενος	ho erchomenos	(title, no fixed gloss)	Critical	Messianic Promise	7:19-20	—	Directly echoes core passage
”Your faith has saved you”	ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε	hē pistis sou sesōken se	pitadosmu sampun nylametaken kowe	High	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	7:50	—	Requires slametan-distinguishing note
Parable	παραβολή	parabolē	pasemon	Low-Medium	(Teaching form)	8:4	—	Established Javanese literary term
Mystery/secret	μυστήριον	mystērion	wewadi	Medium	Kingdom Present and Future	8:10	esoteric guru-lineage teaching	Revealed by God, not attained
Son of Man	υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου	huios tou anthrōpou	Putraning Manungsa	Critical	Sonship/Deity of Christ; Kingdom Future	5:24; 9:22	—	Distinguish humility/suffering sense vs. authority/glory sense per context
Cross (take up)	σταυρός	stauros	manggul salib	High	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	9:23	—	Not fatalistic nrimo ing pandum
Neighbor	πλησίον	plēsion	sesama	Medium	Compassion / Good News to All People	10:27	—	Redefines ethnic/social boundary
Samaritan	Σαμαρίτης	Samaritēs	tiyang Samaria	Medium	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	10:33; 17:16	—	Needs first-century social-contempt note
Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit	βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον	blasphēmia eis to Pneuma to Hagion	pitenah dhateng Roh Suci	Critical	Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History	12:10	—	Precise teaching to avoid pastoral misuse
Mammon/money	μαμωνᾶς	mamōnas	bandha donya / mamon	Medium	Good News to the Poor	16:13	—	Rival-master framing
Lost	ἀπολωλός	apolōlos	ical	Medium	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	15:4	—	Pair with kaslametan-root and compassion vocabulary
Eternal life	ζωὴ αἰώνιος	zōē aiōnios	gesang langgeng	High	Kingdom Present and Future	10:25; 18:18	moksha/rebirth-cycle liberation	Anchor to bodily resurrection
Widow	χήρα	chēra	randha	Low-Medium	Good News to the Poor	2:37	—	Recurring marginalized figure
New covenant	καινὴ διαθήκη	kainē diathēkē	prajanjian anyar	Critical	Fulfillment of Prophecy	22:20	mere commemorative meal	Built on baseline “prajanjian”; avoid slametan-meal framing
Serve/servant leadership	διακονέω	diakoneō	ngladosi	Medium	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	22:26-27	—	Voluntary, status-reversing service
Paradise	παράδεισος	paradeisos	Firdaus / swarga	High	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	23:43	—	Shared w/ Islamic eschatology; teach grace-alone entry vs. works-based framework
Kingdom “in your midst”	ἐντὸς ὑμῶν	entos hymōn	wonten ing tengahipun panjenengan	High	Kingdom Present and Future	17:21	interior-individual-only reading	Flag genuine Greek ambiguity for review

Section C — Translation Strategy Notes (Not Standalone Terms)

Issue	Passages	Note
Tense-marking for “already/not yet” Kingdom language	4:21; 17:21; 19:9; 21:31	Javanese verbs are not tense-inflected; use aspectual markers (sampun, badhe) and adverbs deliberately to preserve inaugurated-but-not-consummated eschatology
Dual sense of aphesis (release/forgiveness)	4:18 vs. 1:77; 3:3; 24:47	Cannot be captured with one Javanese word (kamardikan vs. pangapuraning dosa); teach the underlying Greek wordplay explicitly
Dual sense of “Son of Man”	throughout, esp. 9:22 vs. 21:27	Same Javanese phrase (Putraning Manungsa) must carry both suffering-humility and coming-glory senses; disambiguate by context note
Fixed cross-document renderings recommended	4:21; 19:10; 24:47 (cf. Romans 1:16-17; 8:28; 10:9-10 in baseline)	These verses function as thesis/summary statements for their respective doctrines and should receive identical, memorized Javanese wording across every Phase 2 document, per the baseline’s Theological Consistency Rules

Section D — Escalation Routing for Phase 2 (extends baseline routing table)

Risk Tier	Count in Luke New-Term Set	Review Routing
Critical	11 (Synagogue-adjacent core-passage cluster: Anoint, Release/liberty, Acceptable Year of the Lord, Fulfilled; plus Overshadow, Virgin, Savior, Son of Man, Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, New Covenant, “Your faith has saved you” combined with Justification passages)	Human theologian, mandatory, every occurrence
High	17 (Poor, Forgiveness of Sins, Today, Most High, Mercy, Redemption, Light for Gentiles, Repentance, Cross, Eternal Life, New Covenant background terms, Paradise, Kingdom-in-your-midst, “Your faith has saved you,” Table Fellowship, Great Banquet poor/disabled list, Woe/Blessed reversal pair)	Human theologian
Medium	20	Native speaker review
Low	6	Automated review

This glossary extends, and must be merged into, the Romans translation_memory.json before Phase 2 segment translation of Luke begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. All Section A terms are locked; all Section B terms require theologian sign-off (Critical/High) or native-speaker sign-off (Medium/Low) before being written into translation memory at an incremented version number.

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Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: Never kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi. Luke 4:19 (Jubilee), 6:35 (lend expecting nothing), and 14:12-14 (invite those who cannot repay) narratively dramatize the no-reciprocal-debt principle even more concretely than Romans’ propositional statements.

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Salvation

Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: shares its root with slametan, the ritual meal warding off misfortune. Luke uses this root far more densely and in more narrative contexts than Romans (1:69,71,77; 2:11; 19:9; and the recurring ‘your faith has saved you’ formula at 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42); every occurrence requires the standard distinguishing note.

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Resurrection

Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: wungu saka pati
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never titisan/reinkarnasi. Dramatized as historical event at Luke’s empty tomb (24:6, 34, 46), predicted three times (9:22; 18:33), and defended apologetically against the Sadducees (20:27-40).

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Son Of God

Approved rendering: Putrané Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Putrané Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Full phrase required. Must be distinguished at every occurrence (1:32, 35; 3:22; 9:35; 22:70) from the genealogy’s generic ‘son of God’ applied to Adam (3:38), which is only creaturely sonship.

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Incarnation

Approved rendering: Gusti Allah dados manungsa
Transliteration: Gusti Allah dados manungsa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: manunggaling kawula gusti
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (theological name for Luke 1:31-35; 2:7)
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never manunggaling kawula gusti. Dramatized narratively in Luke’s Annunciation and Nativity accounts (1:27, 31-35; 2:1-7) as a unique, unrepeatable historical event.

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Power Of God

Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ) / ἐξ ὕψους
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never kasekten. Active in Jesus’ Spirit-empowered ministry (4:14), the coming Son of Man (21:27), and the promised outpouring on the disciples (24:49, ‘power from on high’).

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Messiah

Approved rendering: Sang Mesias
Transliteration: Sang Mesias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Satrio Piningit
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never Satrio Piningit. Confessed at Jesus’ birth (2:11), by Peter (9:20), and affirmed by Jesus himself after the resurrection (24:26, 46); dramatized as event in his own voice at 4:18-21.

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Jesus

Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never Nabi Isa. Central figure of all 24 chapters of Luke.

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God

Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never shorten to bare Gusti. Addressed throughout Luke as Father and as the one who sends his Spirit and Son.

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Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never dhemit or lelembut. Luke is the most Spirit-saturated Gospel: filling John/Elizabeth before birth (1:15, 41), overshadowing Mary (1:35), descending at baptism (3:22), leading Jesus into the wilderness (4:1), anointing him for ministry (4:18), promised to those who ask (11:13), subject of the unforgivable blasphemy warning (12:10), and promised as ‘power from on high’ at the book’s close (24:49).

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Anointed

Approved rendering: sampun kajebadan
Transliteration: sampun kajebadan
Doctrine: Anointing of the Messiah by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: wahyu (as a gloss)
Original: χρίω
Category: Christology

New term, Luke 4:18, the core passage. CRITICAL: must be taught alongside Sang Mesias so the etymological link (Anointed One = Messiah = Christ) is not lost. Never gloss with wahyu — this is the Spirit’s personal empowering of one specific historical person for a specific redemptive mission, not a transferable charismatic aura.

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Release Liberty

Approved rendering: kamardikan
Transliteration: kamardikan
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἄφεσις (captivity sense)
Category: Salvation

New term, Luke 4:18 (core passage), captivity sense of Greek aphesis. CRITICAL: Luke uses the same Greek word here as for ‘forgiveness of sins’ elsewhere (1:77; 3:3; 24:47); kamardikan alone does not carry ‘forgiveness,’ so both renderings must be explicitly taught together as two faces of the same liberating act of God.

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Acceptable Year Of The Lord

Approved rendering: taun sih-rahmatipun Gusti ingkang katrimah
Transliteration: taun sih-rahmatipun Gusti ingkang katrimah
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: vague poetic blessing
Original: ἐνιαυτὸν κυρίου δεκτόν
Category: Salvation

New term, Luke 4:19, the core passage. CRITICAL: built on the Critical baseline term sih-rahmat. Requires explicit Leviticus 25 Jubilee background teaching (debt release, land restoration, slave freedom); never conflated with kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi.

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Fulfilled

Approved rendering: sampun kaleksanan
Transliteration: sampun kaleksanan
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: cyclical/recurring fulfillment pattern
Original: πληρόω (πεπλήρωται)
Category: Covenant

New term, Luke 4:21, the theological hinge of the core passage. CRITICAL: uses the completive aspectual marker sampun to carry perfect-tense force. Must never suggest a repeatable/cyclically-recurring pattern (which would align with Jayabaya-prophecy recurrence). Anchor rendering for the whole book; also relevant at 7:22; 24:25-27, 44.

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Overshadow

Approved rendering: ngayomi
Transliteration: ngayomi
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: manunggaling kawula gusti framing
Original: ἐπισκιάζω
Category: Christology

New term, Luke 1:35. CRITICAL: describes the Spirit’s unique creative act producing the incarnation. Never taught through the lens of manunggaling kawula gusti (kejawen mystical fusion) or wahyu (mystical mandate-light) — this is a unique, historical, bodily conception, not a repeatable mystical union.

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Virgin

Approved rendering: prawan
Transliteration: prawan
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology

New term, Luke 1:27, 34. CRITICAL: every occurrence must carry the doctrinal note that this is a real, unique, historical virginal conception by the Spirit’s creative power, never a mystical union achievable through ascetic practice.

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Savior

Approved rendering: Juru Selamet
Transliteration: Juru Selamet
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation

New term, Luke 2:11, built on the same root as kaslametan. CRITICAL: same slametan-root risk — hearers may process ‘Savior’ through the lens of a ritual specialist or dukun-like figure rather than the unique person who accomplishes salvation once, historically. Requires the same distinguishing note as kaslametan at every occurrence. First announced to shepherds, dramatizing Good News to the Poor and Marginalized.

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One Who Is To Come

Approved rendering: Ingkang Badhe Rawuh
Transliteration: Ingkang Badhe Rawuh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise

New term, Luke 7:19-20, John’s question to Jesus. A recognized messianic title; Jesus’ reply (7:22) directly echoes the core passage’s Isaiah 61 language, confirming his identity as the one anointed in 4:18-19. Must be taught in direct connection with Sang Mesias.

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Son Of Man

Approved rendering: Putraning Manungsa
Transliteration: Putraning Manungsa
Doctrine: The Son of Man Title
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology

New term, first at Luke 5:24, pervasive throughout (9:22, 26, 44, 58; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22-30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7). CRITICAL: carries both humble-suffering and end-time authority/glory senses (Daniel 7:13-14). Near-identical construction to Putrané Gusti Allah risks collapsing or falsely separating the two titles; every occurrence requires contextual disambiguation.

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Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: pitenah dhateng Roh Suci
Transliteration: pitenah dhateng Roh Suci
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: God

New term, Luke 12:10. CRITICAL: must be taught with precision as a decisive, hardened rejection calling the Spirit’s saving work evil, not casual doubt — genuine pastoral risk that anxious believers may wrongly self-diagnose this unforgivable sin.

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New Covenant

Approved rendering: prajanjian anyar
Transliteration: prajanjian anyar
Doctrine: The New Covenant in Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: mere commemorative meal
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

New term, Luke 22:20, built on the baseline High-risk prajanjian, preserved exactly. Must carry full OT covenant background (Jeremiah 31:31-34); never reduced to a commemorative meal nor absorbed into slametan-style ritual-meal categories, a risk especially acute given the meal setting.

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High Risk Terms

Righteousness

Approved rendering: kabeneran
Transliteration: kabeneran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Reused for the centurion’s confession at the cross (23:47, ‘certainly this man was righteous’), reinforcing that righteousness is recognized across ethnic lines, not culturally restricted.

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Justification

Approved rendering: kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιόω (δεδικαιωμένος)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Compound phrase mandatory, no deviation. Narratively dramatized at Luke 18:9-14 (Pharisee and Tax Collector); this parable is one of Scripture’s clearest illustrations of forensic declared-righteousness through humble faith rather than religious performance.

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Called

Approved rendering: katimbalan
Transliteration: katimbalan
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: καλέω (κλητός)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Never wahyu. Applies to Jesus’ call to sinners rather than the self-righteous (5:32) and the great banquet invitation (14:16-24).

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Calling

Approved rendering: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Luke’s discipleship-calling narratives (5:1-11, 27-28; 9:59-62; 18:22); a personal, relational summons, never an impersonal charismatic mandate.

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Holy

Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Never kramat. Describes the Spirit (1:15, 35), the Lord’s Prayer petition (11:2), and Jesus himself as ‘the Holy One of God’ (4:34).

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Sanctification

Approved rendering: pensucen
Transliteration: pensucen
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός (cf. Luke’s holiness-of-life teaching)
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. A background doctrine in Luke, anticipated in Jesus’ critique of ritual performance detached from inward transformation (11:39-41); not ascetic self-perfection (kasampurnan).

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Lord

Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Because Gusti is also ordinary address for a feudal lord or palace master, Luke 19:38 (Triumphal Entry acclamation) and 20:41-44 (David’s Lord) both require deliberate context establishing exclusive, supreme divine Lordship.

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Sin

Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: cemer
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. Shared vocabulary with Javanese Muslim usage; must be consistently anchored in Luke to Christ’s personal forgiveness and table fellowship with ‘sinners’ (tiyang dosa), not left as generic ritual impurity.

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Glory

Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Never wahyu or kasekten. Appears at the Nativity (2:9, 14), the Transfiguration (9:26, 31-32), the eschatological Son of Man’s return (21:27), and paired with Christ’s necessary suffering (24:26).

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Covenant

Approved rendering: prajanjian
Transliteration: prajanjian
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. The Abrahamic covenant remembered in the Benedictus (1:72) and the base term underlying the Luke-specific compound ‘new covenant’ (prajanjian anyar) at the Last Supper (22:20).

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Election

Approved rendering: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Never wahyu. Implicit in Jesus’ reference to ‘his elect’ who cry to him (18:7).

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Providence

Approved rendering: pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan
Transliteration: pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: pesthi, nrimo ing pandum
Original: πρόνοια (cf. Luke 12:6-7, 22-31, God’s care for sparrows and lilies)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Never bare pesthi or nrimo ing pandum. Taught concretely through Jesus’ teaching on anxiety and God’s care for sparrows and lilies (12:6-7, 22-31) and at 21:18.

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Father

Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: Rama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Never Leluhur. Addressed by Jesus in prayer (10:21; 22:42; 23:34, 46) and taught to disciples in the Lord’s Prayer (11:2).

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Seed Of David

Approved rendering: tedhak turune Dawud
Transliteration: tedhak turune Dawud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ / υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Established in the infancy genealogies (1:27, 32; 2:4, 11; 3:31) and invoked by the blind beggar (18:38-39).

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Poor

Approved rendering: tiyang mlarat
Transliteration: tiyang mlarat
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: over-spiritualized metaphor only, zakat-style almsgiving-recipient category
Original: πτωχός
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 4:18 (core passage), recurring at 1:52-53; 6:20-24; 7:22; 14:13, 21; 16:19-31; 21:1-4. Two dangers: over-spiritualizing into vague metaphor, or flattening into a ritual-almsgiving-recipient role. Every occurrence needs teaching that this is real economic poverty AND complete dependence on God together.

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Forgiveness Of Sins

Approved rendering: pangapuraning dosa
Transliteration: pangapuraning dosa (krama: pangapunten dosa)
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: mere social apology (nyuwun pangapunten alone)
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Repentance

New term, first at Luke 1:77; 3:3, culminating at 24:47. Javanese social custom includes a well-worn interpersonal apology ritual (nyuwun pangapunten), which risks flattening this into ordinary etiquette rather than God’s judicial pardon secured through Christ’s atoning death (22:20; 23:34).

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Today Eschatological

Approved rendering: dinten iki
Transliteration: dinten iki
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: σήμερον
Category: Kingdom

New term, Luke 4:21, 2:11, 19:9, 23:43. Since Javanese verbs are not tense-inflected, temporal adverbs and discourse context must be used deliberately to preserve ‘already, decisively, now’ against a purely future-oriented reading.

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Most High

Approved rendering: Ingkang Mahaluhur
Transliteration: Ingkang Mahaluhur
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Hyang Mahaagung
Original: ὕψιστος
Category: God

New term, Luke 1:32, 35, 76; 6:35. Hyang Mahaagung is rejected for its Hindu-Javanese pantheon connotations (a supreme deity presiding over lesser hyang). Always contextually anchored to Gusti Allah.

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Mercy

Approved rendering: sih-kawelasan
Transliteration: sih-kawelasan
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion
Rejected alternatives: welas asih (unfenced)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 1:50, 54, 72, 78. Javanese welas asih carries strong social-reciprocity overtones (utang budi risk, already Critical for grace). Every occurrence must be taught alongside sih-rahmat: God’s mercy creates no reciprocal debt, even though relationally warm.

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Redemption

Approved rendering: panebusan
Transliteration: panebusan
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: commercial transaction only
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation

New term, Luke 1:68; 21:28. Must be taught as God’s own costly saving initiative, not a commercial transaction stripped of relational covenant meaning.

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Light For Gentiles

Approved rendering: pepadhang tumrap pepenget bangsa liya
Transliteration: pepadhang tumrap pepenget bangsa liya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews, Gentiles, and Samaritans
Original: φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν
Category: Church

New term, Luke 2:32, Simeon’s prophecy. An early, explicit statement of full inclusion of non-Jewish peoples from the Gospel’s outset; must not be softened to lesser or partial inclusion.

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Repentance

Approved rendering: pamratobat
Transliteration: pamratobat / mratobat (verb)
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: tapa (ascetic penance/self-mortification)
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Repentance

New term, Luke 3:3, recurring at 5:32; 13:3, 5; 15:7, 10, 18-21; 17:3-4; 24:47. Shared extensively with Islamic tobat/taubat vocabulary. Every occurrence requires teaching anchoring it as Spirit-enabled, decisive turning to Christ resulting in forgiveness accomplished by his atoning work.

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Demon

Approved rendering: roh dursila
Transliteration: roh dursila
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Spiritual Warfare

New term, Luke 4:33-36, 41; 8:26-39; 11:14-23. Dhemit/lelembut explicitly rejected, reserved for describing the folk-belief category being displaced, to avoid conflating biblical exorcism with kejawen spirit-appeasement practice. Christ commands and expels, never appeases or negotiates.

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Table Fellowship

Approved rendering: dhahar sesarengan
Transliteration: dhahar sesarengan
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: συνανάκειμαι / ἐσθίω μετά
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 5:29-30, Luke’s signature motif (recurring 7:36-50; 14:1-24; 15:1-2; 19:1-10; 22:14-30). Communal eating in Javanese village life is strongly associated with the slametan ritual meal, the same root already Critical for salvation. Every occurrence must be taught as personal relational acceptance and forgiveness, not a ritual meal securing protection or communal harmony with unseen powers. Single highest-density collision point in the whole curriculum, especially where it intersects a kaslametan-root occurrence (e.g., 19:5-9).

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Faith Has Saved You

Approved rendering: pitadosmu sampun nylametaken kowe
Transliteration: pitadosmu sampun nylametaken kowe
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε
Category: Salvation

New fixed formula, Luke 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42. Built from pitados + kaslametan-root. Requires the standard kaslametan-distinguishing note every time this formula recurs; recommended as a fixed, cross-document-consistent rendering given its frequency.

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Cross

Approved rendering: manggul salib
Transliteration: manggul salib
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship

New term, Luke 9:23 (‘take up his cross daily,’ Luke’s distinctive addition of ‘daily’). Must be taught as costly, willing, daily self-denial in following a personal Lord, not fatalistic nrimo ing pandum (passive acceptance of one’s lot absent a personal, purposive God).

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Eternal Life

Approved rendering: gesang langgeng
Transliteration: gesang langgeng
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Resurrection Hope
Rejected alternatives: moksha/rebirth-cycle liberation
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology

New term, Luke 10:25; 18:18-30. Must be firmly anchored to bodily wungu saka pati — never conflated with moksha/liberation-from-rebirth concepts from the wider Hindu-Buddhist-influenced archipelago substrate, nor an ancestor’s spirit continuing in a family lineage.

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Paradise

Approved rendering: Firdaus
Transliteration: Firdaus
Doctrine: Paradise and Immediate Salvation by Grace
Rejected alternatives: swarga (theologically thinner alternative, less directly collision-prone but less immediately recognizable)
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology

New term, Luke 23:43. Firdaus is also the Qur’anic Arabic-derived term for the highest Islamic paradise, entered through a system of weighed deeds. Every occurrence must carry explicit teaching that entry here is granted immediately and solely on the dying criminal’s repentant trust in Christ’s word, with no accompanying works possible.

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Kingdom In Your Midst

Approved rendering: wonten ing tengahipun panjenengan
Transliteration: wonten ing tengahipun panjenengan
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: interior-individual-only reading (‘within you’)
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Kingdom

New term, Luke 17:21. Genuine Greek source-text ambiguity (entos hymōn) between ‘within you’ and ‘among/in the midst of you.’ Majority contextual reading (corporate presence) adopted; flagged for mandatory theologian and native-speaker review as a genuine ambiguity, not silently resolved.

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King Royal Title

Approved rendering: Sang Ratu
Transliteration: Sang Ratu / Sang Nata
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: a generic honorific greeting for an arriving dignitary

New term, Luke 19:38, the Triumphal Entry acclamation (‘Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord’). Must retain the specifically messianic-kingship acclamation, not merely a generic honorific greeting for royalty, a real risk given Javanese court-language conventions.

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Medium Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Content must stay tied to the specific proclamation Jesus himself announces (Luke 4:18, 43; 9:6; 20:1), not generic religious teaching.

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Faith

Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith must always be Christ. Notably first extended to a Gentile centurion (7:9) and a Samaritan (17:19), reinforcing universal scope.

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Apostle

Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Never rasul. Applies to the Twelve at their naming (6:13), sending (9:1-6), and the Last Supper (22:14).

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Peace

Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: katentreman
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Announced at the Nativity (2:14), pronounced by Simeon (2:29), and given as benediction in the healing/salvation formula (7:50; 8:48) and the Triumphal Entry (19:38, 42).

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Church

Approved rendering: pasamuwan
Transliteration: pasamuwan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: punden
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Never punden. Not prominent in Luke’s own text (developed in Acts) but retained for cross-document consistency as the community the disciples anticipate forming.

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Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package. Summary content of Jesus’ entire ministry (4:43). Luke’s present/future tension (8:10; 13:18-21; 17:20-21; 19:11; 21:31) requires deliberate aspectual-marker strategy (sampun/badhe) since Javanese verbs are not tense-inflected; distinguish from an earthly keraton as political institution.

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Law

Approved rendering: angger-anggering Toret
Transliteration: angger-anggering Toret
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: hukum agami
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Mosaic Law specifically. The framework within which Jesus’ family faithfully observes covenant practice (2:22-24, 27, 39) and which he affirms as abiding until fulfilled (16:16-17).

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Gentiles

Approved rendering: bangsa liya
Transliteration: bangsa liya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Explicit object of Simeon’s prophecy (2:32) and the Great Commission (24:47, ‘to all nations’), which must retain full, unqualified inclusivity.

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Intercession

Approved rendering: pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya
Transliteration: pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: nyuwun berkah ing kuburan

Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Luke’s rich prayer material (3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18, 28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1-14; 22:39-46); direct access to God in Christ’s name, distinguished from seeking blessing at a wali’s grave or petitioning a village guardian spirit (danyang).

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David

Approved rendering: Dawud
Transliteration: Dawud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Named throughout the infancy narrative (1:27, 32; 2:4, 11; 3:31) and the Sanhedrin debate (20:41-44).

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Israel

Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Addressed throughout the infancy hymns (1:16, 54, 68, 80) and Simeon’s prophecy (2:32).

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Abba

Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: אַבָּא
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-document consistency; thematically parallel to Jesus’ intimate prayer address to the Father in Luke 22:42 and 11:2, though the word itself is not in Luke’s Greek text.

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Synagogue

Approved rendering: sinagoge
Transliteration: sinagoge
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: masjid, punden
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Church

New term, Luke 4:16. Transliterated loanword with mandatory explanatory note (a Jewish assembly-house for Scripture and prayer, not the Temple). Never masjid (imports the Islamic house of worship) and never punden (a village guardian-spirit shrine, already rejected for ‘church’ in the Romans baseline). Also at 4:44; 6:6; 13:10.

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Sabbath

Approved rendering: dinten Sabbat
Transliteration: dinten Sabbat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant

New term, Luke 4:16. Established loan. Distinguish in teaching from the Muslim Friday communal prayer (Jumu’ah). Setting of repeated healing controversies (6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6).

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Oppressed

Approved rendering: tiyang katindhes dipun mardikakaken
Transliteration: tiyang katindhes dipun mardikakaken
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: τεθραυσμένος
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 4:18 (core passage), drawn from Isaiah 58:6. Underscores that liberation from oppression is integral, not incidental, to Jesus’ mission.

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Angel

Approved rendering: malaekat
Transliteration: malaekat
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: roh leluhur, dhemit/lelembut framing
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: God

New term, Luke 1:11, 26; 2:9-14; 24:23. Established loanword shared with Indonesian/Islamic usage. Must be taught as a real, personal, created heavenly messenger, never an ancestral spirit or nature spirit.

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Baptism

Approved rendering: baptis
Transliteration: baptis
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Repentance

New term, Luke 3:3. Established loanword. Distinguish in teaching from ritual washing practices (e.g., Islamic wudhu) as a once-for-all sign of repentance, not a repeated purification rite.

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Tax Collector

Approved rendering: juru mupu beya
Transliteration: juru mupu beya
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 3:12; recurs 5:27-30; 7:29, 34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2. Requires a first-century social-stigma explanatory note so the force of Jesus eating with tax collectors is not lost.

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Devil

Approved rendering: Iblis
Transliteration: Iblis
Doctrine: Temptation of Christ
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare

New term, Luke 4:2, 3, 6, 13. Established loanword shared with Islamic usage; not a doctrinal collision (both traditions affirm a personal tempter), but teaching should clarify the role: testing Jesus’ Sonship and reliance on Scripture, not self-serving power.

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Disciple

Approved rendering: murid
Transliteration: murid
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: sakabat, santri
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship

New term, first explicit use Luke 5:30. Never sakabat (companions of Muhammad) or santri (pesantren student) — both import a specific Islamic institutional framework.

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Cleanse

Approved rendering: ngresiki / resik
Transliteration: ngresiki / resik
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: mere ritual purification
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 5:12-13 (leprosy); 17:14 (ten lepers). Jesus’ own authoritative, once-for-all healing act, distinguished from generic ritual purification (e.g., preparatory washing before a slametan).

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Sinner

Approved rendering: tiyang dosa
Transliteration: tiyang dosa
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Repentance

New term, Luke 5:8, 30, 32. A social-religious category label; ‘I have not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance’ (5:32) directly links to pamratobat.

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Blessed

Approved rendering: rahayu
Transliteration: rahayu
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: begja
Original: μακάριος
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 6:20-22, the Beatitudes. Rahayu is a well-established Javanese court/social blessing formula (‘sugeng rahayu’) risking a worldly-safety/prosperity reading. Anchor every occurrence to the specific eschatological reversal content.

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Woe

Approved rendering: cilaka
Transliteration: cilaka
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: οὐαί
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 6:24-26; 11:37-52. Structurally paired with rahayu in the reversal pattern (rich/poor, full/hungry, laughing/weeping); preserve the parallelism.

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Compassion

Approved rendering: trenyuh ing panggalihipun
Transliteration: trenyuh ing panggalihipun
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 7:13 (widow of Nain); 10:33 (Good Samaritan); 15:20 (prodigal’s father). Must retain the visceral, personal, immediate quality of the compassion, not a dutiful, distant almsgiving posture.

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Parable

Approved rendering: pasemon
Transliteration: pasemon
Doctrine: Teaching Ministry of Christ
Original: παραβολή
Category: Teaching

New term, Luke 8:4 and throughout (5:36; 6:39; 12:16; 13:6; 14:7; 15:3; 18:1, 9; 19:11; 20:9; 21:29). Established Javanese literary term for an illustrative/symbolic story; note that pasemon in folk usage can also mean coded speech conveying hidden meaning to an in-group, usefully paralleling Jesus’ own stated purpose (8:9-10).

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Mystery

Approved rendering: wewadi
Transliteration: wewadi
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: esoteric guru-lineage teaching
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Kingdom

New term, Luke 8:10, ‘the secrets of the kingdom of God.’ Javanese wewadi can carry esoteric-mystical-lineage connotations (guru-to-disciple secret teaching); must be taught as truth revealed by God’s own initiative, not attained through spiritual discipline.

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Neighbor

Approved rendering: sesama
Transliteration: sesama
Doctrine: Unity of Jews, Gentiles, and Samaritans
Original: πλησίον
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 10:27, 29, 36, the Good Samaritan. Radically redefined by the parable to include anyone in need, regardless of ethnic or religious boundary, paralleling the challenge to priyayi/wong cilik class boundaries.

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Samaritan

Approved rendering: tiyang Samaria
Transliteration: tiyang Samaria
Doctrine: Unity of Jews, Gentiles, and Samaritans
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Church

New term, Luke 10:33; 17:16. Requires an explanatory note establishing first-century Judean social/religious contempt for Samaritans so the shock of Jesus commending one is not lost.

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Mammon

Approved rendering: bandha donya
Transliteration: bandha donya / mamon
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Discipleship

New term, Luke 16:9, 11, 13. Material wealth personified as a rival master competing for ultimate loyalty (‘you cannot serve God and mammon’).

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Lost

Approved rendering: ical
Transliteration: ical
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἀπολωλός
Category: Repentance

New term, Luke 15:4, 6, 8, 9, 24, 32, controlling image of the three parables of Luke 15 and Jesus’ mission summary (19:10). Doctrinal weight comes from pairing consistently with kaslametan-root vocabulary and compassion (trenyuh) vocabulary.

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Widow

Approved rendering: randha
Transliteration: randha
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: χήρα
Category: Compassion

New term, Luke 2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:3-5; 20:47; 21:2-3. A recurring marginalized figure and, at 21:1-4, a positive model of sacrificial dependence on God.

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Serve Servant Leadership

Approved rendering: ngladosi
Transliteration: ngladosi
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: διακονέω
Category: Discipleship

New term, Luke 22:26-27. An honorific-register term for dignified service; teaching must clarify this as voluntary, status-reversing service modeled by the Lord himself, not the socially expected deference within the priyayi/wong cilik honor hierarchy.

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Afterlife Intermediate State

Approved rendering: panggonaning tiyang pejah / pangkonipun Bapa Abraham
Transliteration: panggonaning tiyang pejah / pangkonipun Bapa Abraham
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Resurrection Hope
Rejected alternatives: a borrowed cosmological term tied to kejawen ancestral-spirit realms
Original: ᾅδης / κόλπος Ἀβραάμ
Category: Eschatology

New term, Luke 16:22-23, Rich Man and Lazarus. Rendered with descriptive phrasing rather than importing a term loaded with unrelated destination-culture cosmology.

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Captives

Approved rendering: para tawanan
Transliteration: para tawanan
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized

New term, Luke 4:18, the core passage. Must be taught with both the literal (prisoners, the socially bound) and theological (spiritual bondage) senses in view.

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Sight Recovery

Approved rendering: tiyang wuta bakal ndeleng maneh
Transliteration: tiyang wuta bakal ndeleng maneh
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized

New term, Luke 4:18, the core passage; anticipates the healing-of-blindness accounts (18:35-43) and the spiritual-blindness-lifted motif (24:31). Keep both literal healing and spiritual-illumination resonance available in teaching.

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Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: pamuji sukur
Transliteration: pamuji sukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in the Magnificat/Benedictus (1:46-55; 1:67-79) and explicit in the grateful Samaritan leper (17:16) and the Pharisee’s misdirected thanksgiving (18:11).

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Fellowship

Approved rendering: patunggilan
Transliteration: patunggilan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: kekancan
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Thematically present in Luke’s table-fellowship scenes (ch. 5, 15, 22) though the Greek noun itself is not prominent in Luke’s text.

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Prophet

Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: dhukun
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Never dhukun. Applies to Isaiah (4:17), John the Baptist (1:76; 7:26), and Jesus himself as perceived by others (7:16, 39; 24:19).

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Prophecy

Approved rendering: pameca
Transliteration: pameca
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: primbon
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Never primbon. Especially the Zechariah/Simeon prophecies (1:67ff; 2:25-35) and Jesus’ own explanation of the OT concerning himself (24:25-27).

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Exhort

Approved rendering: pitutur
Transliteration: pitutur
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Used of John the Baptist’s preaching (3:18) and Jesus’ word to Peter (22:32).

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Joy

Approved rendering: kabungahan
Transliteration: kabungahan
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: χαρά
Category: Discipleship

New term, Luke 1:14, 44; 2:10; 15:7, 10, 32; 24:41, 52. Standard vocabulary; tie consistently to God’s specific saving acts rather than generic happiness.

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Zealot

Approved rendering: Zelot
Transliteration: Zelot
Doctrine: Apostleship

New term, Luke 6:15 (Simon the Zealot). Transliterated proper title; brief explanatory note recommended (a first-century Jewish nationalist-revolutionary movement). No destination-culture collision.