Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Peter — English → Javanese
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of 2 Peter (chapters 1-3). It is organized in two parts:
- Part 1 — Baseline Terms Reused from the Romans Language Package. These renderings are locked and MUST be used exactly as recorded in the baseline
translation_memory.json. No deviation permitted. - Part 2 — New Terms Introduced in 2 Peter. These are proposed additions to translation memory for Phase 2 processing, risk-tiered using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline
doctrine_risk_registry.json. All Critical and High entries require human theologian review before being locked into translation memory; Medium entries require native speaker review; Low entries require automated review only.
Part 1 — Baseline Terms Reused (Locked, No Deviation)
| English Term | Javanese Rendering | Baseline Risk | 2 Peter Occurrences | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | pitados | Medium | 1:1, 1:5 | Object (Christ) must remain clear from context |
| righteousness | kabeneran | High | 1:1, 1:13; 2:5, 2:21; 3:13 | Forensic/moral right standing, not self-achieved perfection |
| grace | sih-rahmat | Critical | 1:2; 3:18 | Never kasekten/wahyu/utang budi |
| glory | kamulyan | High | 1:3, 1:17; 2:10 (plural, see new-term note); 3:18 | God’s own inherent radiance/honor |
| power | (of Christ) panguwaosipun Gusti Yesus, pattern from panguwaosipun Gusti Allah | Critical | 1:3, 1:16 | Never kasekten |
| calling / election | katimbalan / pepilihanipun Gusti Allah | High | 1:3, 1:10 | Never wahyu |
| holy | suci | High | 1:18, 1:21; 2:21; 3:2, 3:11 | Moral/relational set-apartness, not ritual purity or shrine-sanctity |
| Holy Spirit | Roh Suci | Critical | 1:21 | Never dhemit/lelembut; see also Critical new-term note on “moved by the Spirit” |
| Lord | Gusti | High | throughout (1:2, 1:8, 1:11, 1:14, 1:16, 2:1, 2:9, 2:11, 2:20, 3:2, 3:8-10, 3:15, 3:18) | Exclusive supreme Lordship, not feudal deference |
| Jesus | Gusti Yesus | Critical | throughout | Never Nabi Isa |
| Christ | Kristus | Critical | throughout | Established transliteration |
| God | Gusti Allah | Critical | throughout | Never bare Gusti |
| Father | Rama | High | 1:17 | Never Leluhur |
| salvation | kaslametan | Critical | 1:1 (implicit via Savior), 3:15 | Requires translator note distinguishing from slametan ritual, every occurrence |
| prophecy | pameca | Low (elevated to High in context here) | 1:19, 1:20, 1:21; 3:2 | Linear one-time fulfillment, never cyclical Jayabaya-style recurrence |
| prophet | nabi | Low | 1:21 (implicit, “holy men”); 3:2 | Not to be confused with dhukun |
| apostle | utusan | Medium | 1:1; 3:2 | Never rasul |
| kingdom of God | Kratoning Gusti Allah | Medium | 1:11 (as “eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior”) | Distinguish from earthly keraton |
| sin | dosa | High | 1:9; 2:14 | Moral transgression before a personal God |
| peace | katentreman | Medium | 1:2; 3:14 | Relational peace, not meditative calm |
Part 2 — New Terms Introduced in 2 Peter
Category: Christology / Second Coming
| Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes | Primary Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Second Coming / Parousia | παρουσία | parousia | rawuhipun Gusti Yesus Kristus ingkang kaping kalih | Critical | Ratu Adil (Javanese folk-messianic “Just King”) | NEVER associate with Ratu Adil, the Jayabaya-tradition expectation of a restorer-king; same risk class as baseline’s Satrio Piningit warning for Messiah. Christ’s return is a unique, certain, promised historical event. | 1:16; 3:4, 3:12 |
| beloved Son (Father’s address) | ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός | ho huios mou ho agapētos | Putra-Ku ingkang Kinasih | Critical | — | Built on baseline “Putrané Gusti Allah” root; must not read as adoptive/honorary sonship. Ties to baseline Sonship of Christ doctrine. | 1:17 |
| morning star | φωσφόρος | phōsphoros | lintang panjer rahina | Critical | ”Lucifer” (transliterated) | NEVER use “Lucifer” — universally understood today as a name for Satan; would wrongly identify Christ with the devil. Unrelated to Isaiah 14. | 1:19 |
| majesty | μεγαλειότης | megaleiotēs | kaagunganipun Gusti Yesus | Medium | — | Must exceed, not merely echo, keraton royal-majesty language | 1:16 |
| the excellent/Majestic Glory (periphrasis for the Father) | μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα | megaloprepēs doxa | Kamulyan ingkang Mahaagung | High | — | Reverent circumlocution for God the Father; built on baseline “kamulyan” | 1:17 |
| eyewitness | ἐπόπτης | epoptēs | seksi ingkang sampun ndeleng piyambak | Medium | — | Emphasizes firsthand, authoritative testimony | 1:16 |
| holy mountain | ἅγιον ὄρος | hagion oros | redi ingkang suci | Medium | — | A specific historical site, not a generic sacred-mountain/spirit-site as in Javanese mountain veneration | 1:18 |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Juru Kaslametan | Critical | — | Built on baseline kaslametan root; requires the same slametan-ritual translator note, plus distinction from a ritual specialist (dukun) presiding over a protective rite — here Christ himself is the divine Rescuer | 1:1, 1:11; 2:20; 3:2, 3:18 |
| dominion/Master (denied by false teachers) | δεσπότης | despotēs | Bendara | High | — | Distinct word from Gusti (kyrios); sharpens the ownership/purchase (redemption) nuance | 2:1 |
| dominion/lordship (abstract, despised) | κυριότης | kyriotēs | pangwaos | Medium-High | — | Shares root with Gusti; keep distinct from the Lordship title itself | 2:10 |
| dignities/glorious ones (angelic beings) | δόξαι (pl.) | doxai | para pangkat mulya | High | — | Personified plural use, distinct from abstract “kamulyan”; needs translator note | 2:10 |
| bought/redeemed | ἀγοράζω | agorazō | sampun natumbas | Medium-High | — | Preserve atonement/redemption-price imagery | 2:1 |
Category: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
| Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes | Primary Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scripture | γραφή | graphē | Kitab Suci | High | — | Generic Indonesian/Javanese term for “any holy book” of any religion; requires contextual anchoring to the God-breathed OT/NT canon specifically | 1:20; 3:16 |
| moved/borne along (by the Spirit) | φερόμενοι | pheromenoi | kagerakaken dening Roh Suci | Critical | kesurupan-style possession framing | NEVER frame as spirit-possession/trance-channeling (kesurupan), where a medium loses self-control and a foreign spirit speaks through them; biblical inspiration preserves the human author’s own faculties and personality. Mandatory translator note every occurrence. | 1:21 |
| prophetic word | προφητικὸς λόγος | prophētikos logos | pangandikan pameca | High | — | Built on baseline pameca; linear OT-to-Christ fulfillment, not cyclical recurrence | 1:19 |
| private interpretation | ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως | idias epilyseōs | boten miturut penemunipun piyambak | High | — | Requires translator note on the exegetical debate (origin vs. interpretation of prophecy) | 1:20 |
| holy men of God | ἅγιοι ἄνθρωποι ἀπὸ θεοῦ | hagioi anthrōpoi apo theou | tiyang-tiyang suci ingkang saking Gusti Allah | Medium | reuse of “utusan” (rejected) | Kept distinct from baseline “utusan” (reserved for apostolic office) | 1:21 |
| twist Scripture to their own destruction | στρεβλοῦσιν … πρὸς ἀπώλειαν | streblousin … pros apōleian | ngowahi/nyeleweng maknanipun Kitab Suci … njalari kabinasan | High | — | Warns against willful misinterpretation of apostolic writings as Scripture | 3:16 |
Category: Growing in Christian Virtue / Divine Nature
| Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes | Primary Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| divine nature (partakers of) | θεία φύσις | theia physis | dados peserta ing kodrat sucinipun Gusti Allah | Critical | manunggaling kawula gusti | NEVER use or evoke manunggaling kawula gusti (kejawen mystical fusion of self and Divine). This is the single highest-risk new term in the book: moral transformation received by grace, never ontological fusion attained through spiritual discipline. Mandatory translator note every occurrence. | 1:4 |
| corruption | φθορά | phthora | karisakan | Medium-High | — | Moral corruption caused by lust, not mere physical decay | 1:4; 2:12, 2:19 |
| lust | ἐπιθυμία | epithymia | hawa-nepsu | Medium | — | Moral category (desire opposed to God), not mere bodily appetite | 1:4; 2:10, 2:18 |
| virtue | ἀρετή | aretē | kautaman | Medium-High | — | Fruit flowing from grace already given, not self-attained merit earning favor | 1:3, 1:5 |
| knowledge (full/true) | γνῶσις / ἐπίγνωσις | gnōsis / epignōsis | pangertosan (ingkang leres/jangkep) | High | — | NEVER framed as ngèlmu (kejawen esoteric spiritual knowledge/power attained through ascetic discipline); this is relational, Spirit-given knowledge of Christ | 1:2, 1:3, 1:8; 2:20; 3:18 |
| self-control | ἐγκράτεια | egkrateia | pangendalèning dhiri | Low-Medium | — | — | 1:6 |
| perseverance/endurance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | katahanan | Medium | — | Kept distinct from makrothymia (God’s patience, ch.3) | 1:6 |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | kamursidan | Medium-High | — | Holistic reverent character/conduct, not ritual-observance-only “ibadah” | 1:3, 1:6, 1:7; 2:9; 3:11 |
| brotherly kindness | φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | katresnan sesulur | Low | — | — | 1:7 |
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | katresnan | Low-Medium | — | Distinguish from tresna asmara (romantic love) | 1:7 |
| promise(s) | ἐπάγγελμα / ἐπαγγελία | epangelma / epangelia | prajanji | Medium | — | Kept distinct from baseline “prajanjian” (covenant) | 1:4; 3:4, 3:9, 3:13 |
| servant/bondservant | δοῦλος | doulos | abdi (of willing service to Christ, 1:1); batur (of ironic slavery to corruption, 2:19) | Medium | — | Register distinction between the two contexts | 1:1; 2:19 |
| like precious faith | ἰσότιμος πίστις | isotimos pistis | pitados ingkang sami ajinipun | Medium | — | No spiritual-status hierarchy between believers | 1:1 |
| tabernacle/tent (body) | σκήνωμα | skēnōma | kemah (badan) | Low-Medium | — | Standard NT body-metaphor | 1:13-14 |
| decease/departure | ἔξοδος | exodos | tilar donya | Low | — | Typological Exodus echo (teaching note, not translation risk) | 1:15 |
Category: False Teachers and Their Judgment
| Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes | Primary Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| false prophets / false teachers | ψευδοπροφῆται / ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι | pseudoprophētai / pseudodidaskaloi | nabi-nabi palsu / guru-guru palsu | Medium-High | — | Internal-to-the-church target; not a blanket polemic against other religions’ teachers (kyai, ulama) | 2:1 |
| destructive heresies | αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας | haireseis apōleias | piwulang-piwulang sesat ingkang njalari kabinasan | High | — | — | 2:1 |
| swift destruction / perdition | ἀπώλεια | apōleia | kabinasan | Medium-High | — | Kept distinct from karisakan (moral corruption); denotes final/eternal ruin | 2:1, 2:3; 3:7, 3:9, 3:16 |
| licentiousness/sensuality | ἀσέλγεια | aselgeia | tumindak cabul | Medium | — | — | 2:2, 2:7, 2:18 |
| the way of truth blasphemed | βλασφημέω | blasphēmeō | nyenyamah / kanistakaken | Medium | — | — | 2:2, 2:10, 2:12 |
| covetousness | πλεονεξία | pleonexia | kamelikan / srei | Medium | — | — | 2:3, 2:14 |
| angels that sinned | ἄγγελος | angelos | malaekat | Low-Medium | — | Loanword shared with Islamic usage; content anchored biblically | 2:4 |
| Tartarus | ταρταρόω | tartaroō | Tartarus (transliterated + gloss) | Medium | — | Not to be merged with Javanese underworld/spirit-realm mythology | 2:4 |
| chains of darkness | σειρὰ ζόφου | seira zophou | tetalining pepeteng | Low-Medium | — | — | 2:4 |
| flood | κατακλυσμός | kataklysmos | banjir bandhang ageng | Low-Medium | — | Historical Noahic event, not generic disaster metaphor | 2:5; 3:6 |
| preacher of righteousness | δικαιοσύνης κῆρυξ | dikaiosynēs kēryx | juru wara-wara kabeneran | Low-Medium | — | — | 2:5 |
| the godly / the unjust | εὐσεβής / ἄδικος | eusebēs / adikos | tiyang mursid / tiyang duraka | Medium | — | — | 2:9 |
| liberty | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | kamardikan | Medium-High | — | Distinguish from Indonesian nationalist “Kemerdekaan”; spiritual freedom claim only | 2:19 |
| spots and blemishes / spotless and blameless | σπίλος καὶ μῶμος / ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος | spilos kai mōmos / aspilos kai amōmētos | cacad lan cela / tanpa cacad lan tanpa cela | Medium | — | Ties to sanctification/holiness cluster | 2:13; 3:14 |
| the way of righteousness / holy commandment | ὁδὸς δικαιοσύνης / ἁγία ἐντολή | hodos dikaiosynēs / hagia entolē | dalan kabeneran / pepakon suci | Medium | — | — | 2:21 |
| dog/vomit; sow/mire proverbs | κύων ἐπὶ ἐξέραμα / ὗς εἰς κυλισμὸν βορβόρου | kyōn epi exerama / hys eis kylismon borborou | asu bali marang wutahane / babi bali gluntang ing luthek | Low-Medium | — | Retain vivid proverbial idiom in full per idiom-handling rule | 2:22 |
Category: The Day of the Lord, Final Judgment, and Patience of God’s Timing
| Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes | Primary Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου | hēmera kyriou | Dinten Gustinipun | High | — | Not a generic “kiamat”; belongs specifically to the returning Lord Jesus | 3:10 |
| Day of Judgment | ἡμέρα κρίσεως | hēmera kriseōs | Dinten Pengadilan | High | — | Anchored to judgment executed by Christ specifically, not left generic | 2:9; 3:7 |
| scoffers | ἐμπαῖκται | empaiktai | tiyang ingkang moyoki | Medium | — | — | 3:3 |
| last days | ἔσχατοι ἡμέραι | eschatoi hēmerai | dina-dina pungkasan | Medium-High | — | Distinguish from generic Islamic-influenced “akhir zaman”; anchored to Christ’s first-and-second coming framework | 3:3 |
| heavens and earth reserved for fire | πυρὶ τηρούμενοι | pyri tēroumenoi | kasimpen kangge kabesmi ing latu | High | — | NEVER merge with jaman kalabendu (Ranggawarsita’s cyclical “age of calamity” preceding a Ratu Adil); biblical judgment is linear and final | 3:7 |
| longsuffering/patience (of God) | μακροθυμία | makrothymia | kasabaranipun Gusti Allah | High | — | NEVER collapse into nrimo ing pandum (passive fatalistic resignation); God’s patience is active, purposeful, giving opportunity for repentance | 3:9, 3:15 |
| repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | pamratobat | Medium-High | — | Distinguish from ruwatan (Javanese ritual misfortune-cleansing ceremony); this is inward moral turning, not ritual purification by a specialist | 3:9 |
| Day of the Lord as a thief | ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης | hēmera kyriou hōs kleptēs | Dinten Gustinipun kados maling ing wanci dalu | Low-Medium | — | Retain established NT idiom literally | 3:10 |
| elements | στοιχεῖα | stoicheia | unsur-unsur jagad | Medium | — | Distinguish from Javanese cosmological-numerological “unsur” concepts (kiblat papat lima pancer) | 3:10, 3:12 |
| new heavens and new earth | καινοὶ οὐρανοὶ καὶ γῆ καινή | kainoi ouranoi kai gē kainē | langit anyar lan bumi anyar | Medium | — | One-time linear renewal, not cyclical destruction-rebirth cosmology | 3:13 |
| the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation | μακροθυμίαν σωτηρίαν ἡγεῖσθε | makrothymian sōtērian hēgeisthe | kasabaranipun Gusti Allah … kaslametan | Critical | — | Compound Critical verse combining sabar/nrimo-ing-pandum risk and kaslametan/slametan-ritual risk simultaneously; requires a compound translator note | 3:15 |
| creation | κτίσις | ktisis | titahing Gusti Allah | Low-Medium | — | — | 3:4 |
| word of God (creative speech) | λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | logos tou theou | pangandikanipun Gusti Allah | Medium-High | — | Personal, volitional divine speech-act, not impersonal cosmic-origin process (cf. sangkan paraning dumadi) | 3:5, 3:7 |
| steadfastness | στηριγμός | stērigmos | kamanteban | Low-Medium | — | — | 3:17 |
Risk Summary (2 Peter New Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 7 | Human theologian review (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 15 | Human theologian review |
| Medium-High | 13 | Native speaker review with theologian consultation recommended |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker review |
| Low-Medium | 11 | Native speaker review (lighter touch) |
| Low | 4 | Automated review |
Critical-tier new terms requiring mandatory theologian sign-off before Phase 2 processing:
- Second Coming / Parousia (rawuhipun Gusti Yesus Kristus ingkang kaping kalih) — Ratu Adil collision risk
- Beloved Son, Father’s address (Putra-Ku ingkang Kinasih)
- Morning star (lintang panjer rahina) — “Lucifer” collision risk
- Divine nature, partakers of (dados peserta ing kodrat sucinipun Gusti Allah) — manunggaling kawula gusti collision risk
- Moved by the Holy Spirit / inspiration (kagerakaken dening Roh Suci) — kesurupan/trance-possession collision risk
- Savior (Juru Kaslametan) — extends the baseline kaslametan/slametan risk
- The longsuffering of our Lord is salvation (compound verse, 3:15) — combined sabar/nrimo ing pandum and kaslametan risk
All seven map directly onto syncretism patterns already established as high-risk in the baseline Romans Language Package (Messiah/Satrio Piningit, Sonship, Incarnation/manunggaling kawula gusti, Holy Spirit/dhemit-lelembut, Salvation/slametan), confirming methodological continuity between the two curricula.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: Never kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter 3:18, grace is paired with knowledge (pangertosan) in the climactic exhortation; the pairing must not be read as a two-stage path where grace is an entry gift and knowledge a separately earned, ngèlmu-like attainment.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
CRITICAL: Never dhemit or lelembut. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter 1:21 this term is the direct agent of prophetic inspiration; see the new Critical term moved_by_the_spirit for the mandatory possession-framing safeguard that applies wherever Roh Suci governs this verb.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: Never Nabi Isa. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 2 Peter as part of the full title ‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.‘
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God
CRITICAL: Never shorten to bare Gusti. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter 1:1’s Granville Sharp construction, Jesus Christ himself is directly called ‘our God and Savior’ — see new term deity_of_christ_title; Javanese sentence structure must preserve that this is one person, not two.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: every occurrence requires a teaching note distinguishing biblical salvation from the slametan ritual meal. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter this risk recurs with unusually high density: implicit in the Savior title (five occurrences, see new term savior) and explicit at 3:15 (see new Critical term longsuffering_of_our_lord_is_salvation).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: wungu saka pati
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις (implied via Christ’s continuing life and return)
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL: Never titisan or reinkarnasi. Inherited from Romans package. Not lexically present in 2 Peter but doctrinally presupposed by Christ’s ongoing power (1:16) and certain return (ch. 1, 3); must govern any teaching-note cross-reference.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Sang Mesias
Transliteration: Sang Mesias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Satrio Piningit
CRITICAL: Never Satrio Piningit. Inherited from Romans package. Doctrinally linked in 2 Peter to the new Critical term second_coming_parousia, which carries the structurally identical Ratu Adil collision risk for Christ’s return rather than his first coming.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
CRITICAL: Never kasekten. Inherited from Romans package. This genitive-construction pattern is extended directly to Christ himself in the new term power_of_christ (2 Peter 1:3, 1:16).
Power Of Christ
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: extends the baseline power_of_god pattern directly to Christ himself (2 Peter 1:3 ‘divine power’; 1:16). Never kasekten, the pervasive Javanese concept of magical or ascetic-earned potency attributed to a sacred keris, an empowered ruler, or an ascetic.
Moved By The Spirit
Approved rendering: kagerakaken dening Roh Suci
Transliteration: kagerakaken dening Roh Suci
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: kesurupan-style possession framing, kerawuhan-style possession framing
Original: φερόμενοι
Category: Scripture
CRITICAL, the single most doctrinally sensitive verb in the book (2 Peter 1:21, pheromenoi). NEVER frame as kesurupan or kerawuhan (spirit-possession/trance-channeling, where a Javanese medium or dukun loses self-control and a foreign spirit speaks through them). Biblical inspiration preserves the prophet’s own faculties and personality while guaranteeing the message is fully God’s word. Mandatory translator note every occurrence.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Kristus
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New key for 2 Peter (Christos), established Indonesian/Javanese-archipelago transliteration, consistent with baseline transliteration standards. Occurs throughout as part of the full title ‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.‘
Deity Of Christ Title
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah kita saha Juru Kaslametan, Gusti Yesus Kristus
Transliteration: Gusti Allah kita saha Juru Kaslametan, Gusti Yesus Kristus
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL new compound term (2 Peter 1:1, Granville Sharp construction ‘our God and Savior Jesus Christ’), combining baseline Gusti Allah with new term Juru Kaslametan in a single title applied to Jesus Christ. If rendered ambiguously, Javanese readers could read this as the Father and a separate savior figure rather than one person, undermining the letter’s clearest deity-of-Christ statement.
Beloved Son
Approved rendering: Putra-Ku ingkang Kinasih
Transliteration: Putra-Ku ingkang Kinasih
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology
CRITICAL new term (2 Peter 1:17, ho huios mou ho agapētos), built on the ‘Putra’ root of baseline Putrané Gusti Allah. The Father’s direct audible declaration at the Transfiguration must not be softened into an honorary or adoptive-son reading, nor a titled-royal-descendant framing.
Second Coming Parousia
Approved rendering: rawuhipun Gusti Yesus Kristus ingkang kaping kalih
Transliteration: rawuhipun Gusti Yesus Kristus ingkang kaping kalih
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: Ratu Adil, Satrio Piningit
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL new term (2 Peter 1:16; 3:4, 3:12, parousia). NEVER associate with Ratu Adil (‘Just King’) or Satrio Piningit (‘hidden knight’), the Jayabaya-tradition expectation of a restorer figure. Christ’s return is a unique, certain, already-promised historical event tied exclusively to the historical Jesus, not a still-awaited archetypal restorer any nation might produce.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: lintang panjer rahina
Transliteration: lintang panjer rahina
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: Lucifer (transliterated)
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL new term (2 Peter 1:19, phōsphoros). NEVER render with a transliterated ‘Lucifer.’ Although the Latin Vulgate literally translates phōsphoros as lucifer here, in nearly all living Indonesian/Javanese usage ‘Lucifer’ is now exclusively understood as a name for Satan; using it would wrongly identify Christ with the devil. Unrelated to the Isaiah 14 king-of-Babylon passage.
Savior
Approved rendering: Juru Kaslametan
Transliteration: Juru Kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL new term (sōtēr), built directly on baseline kaslametan root. Occurs 5 times (1:1, 1:11; 2:20; 3:2, 3:18). Carries the same slametan-ritual collision risk as baseline kaslametan, requiring the same translator note, plus a further distinction: Jesus as Juru Kaslametan is himself the divine Rescuer acting by his own death and resurrection, not a ritual specialist (dukun or elder) presiding over a communal protective rite.
Divine Nature
Approved rendering: dados peserta ing kodrat sucinipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: dados peserta ing kodrat sucinipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: manunggaling kawula gusti
Original: θεία φύσις
Category: Sanctification
CRITICAL, the single highest-risk new term in the book (2 Peter 1:4, theias physeōs). NEVER use or evoke manunggaling kawula gusti (the kejawen/Javanese-Sufi mystical teaching, traced to Syekh Siti Jenar, that the human self and the Divine become indistinguishably fused through spiritual attainment) — the same forbidden substitution the baseline documents for Incarnation. Built around sipat suci (holy character/quality) received by grace, never manunggal (become one/merged). Mandatory translator note every occurrence.
Longsuffering Of Our Lord Is Salvation
Approved rendering: kasabaranipun Gusti Allah … minangka kaslametan
Transliteration: kasabaranipun Gusti Allah … minangka kaslametan
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: τὴν τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν μακροθυμίαν σωτηρίαν ἡγεῖσθε
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL compound verse (3:15) combining two of the book’s highest-risk terms: the sabar/nrimo-ing-pandum risk (kasabaranipun Gusti Allah) and the kaslametan/slametan-ritual risk simultaneously. Requires a compound translator note covering both risks together whenever this verse is rendered or quoted.
High Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran
Transliteration: kabeneran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Never use kasampurnan (mystical ascetic-attained perfection). Kabeneran = right standing before God, not self-achieved. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Peter 1:1, 1:13; 2:5, 2:21; 3:13.
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God
God’s own inherent radiance/honor, never conferred or accumulated. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter occurs at 1:3, 1:17 (see new term excellent_majestic_glory for the periphrastic form), 3:18. See new term dignities_glorious_ones for the distinct personified plural use at 2:10.
Holy
Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Set apart for God, morally pure, never kramat (shrine/grave/object sacred potency). Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter at 1:18 (see new term holy_mountain), 1:21; 2:21; 3:2, 3:11.
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Exclusive supreme Lordship, not feudal/palace-master deference. Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout 2 Peter (1:2, 1:8, 1:11, 1:14, 1:16, 2:1, 2:9, 2:11, 2:20, 3:2, 3:8-10, 3:15, 3:18). See new terms despotes_master and kyriotes_dominion, which must be kept lexically distinct from Gusti.
Father
Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: Rama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Never substitute Leluhur (venerated ancestral forebear). Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter 1:17, God the Father speaks audibly at the Transfiguration, declaring Christ’s Sonship — see new term beloved_son.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: cemer
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Sin
Moral transgression against a personal God, not cemer (ritual impurity). Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter at 1:9 (cleansing from past sins) and 2:4 (angels that sinned).
Called
Approved rendering: katimbalan
Transliteration: katimbalan
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Never wahyu. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter 1:10, paired with election as ‘katimbalan lan pepilihanipun Gusti Allah,’ which believers are urged to confirm through diligent growth in virtue.
Calling
Approved rendering: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Never wahyu. Inherited from Romans package. Noun form paired with ‘called’ in 2 Peter 1:10.
Election
Approved rendering: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
God’s sovereign personal choice, never wahyu. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter 1:10 alongside ‘called.‘
Excellent Majestic Glory
Approved rendering: Kamulyan ingkang Mahaagung
Transliteration: Kamulyan ingkang Mahaagung
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα
Category: God
New term (2 Peter 1:17, megaloprepēs doxa), built on baseline kamulyan. A reverent circumlocution for God the Father himself speaking at the Transfiguration. Must be clearly marked as referring to the Father, not an impersonal luminous force or a separate divine entity.
Dignities Glorious Ones
Approved rendering: para pangkat mulya
Transliteration: para pangkat mulya
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: δόξαι
Category: Church
New term (2 Peter 2:10, doxai, personified plural). ‘Kamulyan-kamulyan’ cannot naturally refer to persons in Javanese; requires a distinct personified rendering with a translator note distinguishing it from the abstract-noun kamulyan used for God’s own glory, to avoid implying multiple co-equal glories.
Scripture
Approved rendering: Kitab Suci
Transliteration: Kitab Suci
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture
New term (2 Peter 1:20; 3:16, graphē). Standard Indonesian/Javanese rendering, but also used generically in Indonesian public discourse for the sacred book of any religion (e.g., the Qur’an). Every occurrence requires contextual anchoring to the specific God-breathed OT/NT canon, not a generic ‘holy book’ category.
Prophetic Word
Approved rendering: pangandikan pameca
Transliteration: pangandikan pameca
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητικὸς λόγος
Category: Scripture
New compound term (2 Peter 1:19, prophētikos logos), built on baseline pameca. Must retain linear, one-time OT-to-Christ fulfillment sense, never the cyclical recurring-figure pattern of Javanese Jayabaya-tradition prophecy.
Private Interpretation
Approved rendering: boten miturut penemunipun piyambak
Transliteration: boten miturut penemunipun piyambak
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἰδία ἐπίλυσις
Category: Scripture
New term (2 Peter 1:20, idias epilyseōs). Requires a translator note explaining the underlying exegetical debate (origin of prophecy vs. interpretation of prophecy) so the rendering does not overclaim on either reading.
Twist Scripture
Approved rendering: ngowahi/nyeleweng maknanipun Kitab Suci ngantos njalari kabinasan
Transliteration: ngowahi/nyeleweng maknanipun Kitab Suci ngantos njalari kabinasan
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: στρεβλοῦσιν … πρὸς ἀπώλειαν
Category: Scripture
New term (2 Peter 3:16). Affirms apostolic writings’ (including Paul’s letters) scriptural authority, an early witness to the developing NT canon, while warning against willful misinterpretation. Reuses Kitab Suci and kabinasan; carries the same generic-term collision risk flagged for Scripture.
Despotes Master
Approved rendering: Bendara
Transliteration: Bendara
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
New term (2 Peter 2:1, despotēs). A distinct Javanese word from Gusti (kyrios), chosen to preserve the ownership/purchase nuance of redemption (‘the Master who bought them’). Without this distinct term the specific atonement-purchase imagery would be flattened into generic Lordship language.
Virtue
Approved rendering: kautaman
Transliteration: kautaman
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Sanctification
New term (aretē, 1:3, 1:5). Javanese ethical culture prizes cultivated moral excellence (budi pekerti, unggah-ungguh), often pursued as self-achieved refinement within a priyayi ideal of character. Must be taught explicitly as fruit flowing from divine power and faith already given, never self-attained merit that earns God’s favor.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: pangertosan (ingkang leres/jangkep)
Transliteration: pangertosan
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: γνῶσις / ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Faith
New term (gnōsis/epignōsis), the letter’s programmatic theme (1:2-3, 1:8; 2:20; 3:18). Javanese kejawen tradition prizes ngèlmu, esoteric spiritual knowledge attained through ascetic discipline, often mediated by a dukun and valued for the power/protection it confers. Must be taught as relational, Spirit-given knowledge of Christ received through faith, never secret wisdom earned through ascetic pursuit.
False Prophets Teachers
Approved rendering: nabi-nabi palsu / guru-guru palsu
Transliteration: nabi-nabi palsu / guru-guru palsu
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοπροφῆται / ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι
Category: Church
New term (2:1, pseudoprophētai/pseudodidaskaloi). Must stay anchored to the letter’s specific concern — counterfeit teachers arising internally within the believing community — and must not be read by Javanese Muslim neighbors as a blanket polemic against other religions’ respected teachers (kyai, ulama).
Destructive Heresies
Approved rendering: piwulang-piwulang sesat ingkang njalari kabinasan
Transliteration: piwulang-piwulang sesat ingkang njalari kabinasan
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας
Category: Church
New term (2:1, haireseis apōleias). Must convey doctrinal error with eternal, not merely social, consequence.
Day Of Judgment
Approved rendering: Dinten Pengadilan
Transliteration: Dinten Pengadilan
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἡμέρα κρίσεως
Category: Eschatology
New term (hēmera kriseōs, 2:9; 3:7). Shares vocabulary with the Islamic Hari Kiamat/Hari Pengadilan tradition; must be anchored to judgment executed by the risen and returning Christ specifically, not left as an unanchored generic concept.
Last Days
Approved rendering: dina-dina pungkasan
Transliteration: dina-dina pungkasan
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἔσχατοι ἡμέραι
Category: Eschatology
New term (eschatoi hēmerai, 3:3). Risk of collapsing into the generic Islamic-influenced akhir zaman concept circulating broadly in Indonesian public discourse; must be anchored specifically to the biblical framework inaugurated by Christ’s first coming and consummated at his return.
Word Of God Creative Speech
Approved rendering: pangandikanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pangandikanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: God’s Word as the Agent of Creation and Judgment
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: God
New term (ho logos tou theou, 3:5, 3:7). Must be kept personal and volitional (God’s own speech-act), avoiding resonance with impersonal cosmic-origin frameworks in Javanese mystical cosmology (e.g., sangkan paraning dumadi).
Heavens And Earth Reserved For Fire
Approved rendering: langit lan bumi … kasimpen kangge kabesmi ing latu
Transliteration: langit lan bumi … kasimpen kangge kabesmi ing latu
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: πυρὶ τηρούμενοι
Category: Eschatology
New term (pyri tēroumenoi, 3:7). Must not merge with the Javanese apocalyptic-prophetic tradition of jaman kalabendu (Ranggawarsita’s cyclical ‘age of calamity’ preceding a Ratu Adil’s restoration). Biblical cosmic judgment by fire is linear, God-ordained, final, and Christ-centered.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Dinten Gustinipun
Transliteration: Dinten Gustinipun
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
New term (hēmera kyriou, 3:10), built on baseline Gusti. Must not be reduced to the generic apocalyptic idea of kiamat without Christ-specific anchoring; this Day belongs specifically to the returning Lord Jesus.
Makrothymia Gods Patience
Approved rendering: kasabaranipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kasabaranipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μακροθυμία / μακροθυμεῖ
Category: God
New term (makrothymia/makrothymei, 3:9, 3:15), following the baseline’s genitive-construction pattern. Javanese sabar is prized as a personal virtue, but this risks collapsing God’s active, purposeful forbearance into the passive fatalistic ethic of nrimo ing pandum (resigned acceptance of one’s lot) — the same risk the baseline flags for Providence. God’s patience is deliberate, personal, time-limited mercy giving opportunity for repentance.
Repentance
Approved rendering: pamratobat
Transliteration: pamratobat
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
New term (metanoia, 3:9). Must be distinguished from ruwatan, the Javanese ritual-cleansing ceremony performed to remove inherited misfortune or a curse (sukerta); biblical repentance is a personal, inward moral turning toward God, not a ritual purification act performed by a specialist.
Not Willing Any Perish
Approved rendering: boten ngersakaken sinten kémawon nemahi kabinasan, nanging sedaya tiyang dhateng ing pamratobat
Transliteration: boten ngersakaken sinten kémawon nemahi kabinasan, nanging sedaya tiyang dhateng ing pamratobat
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μὴ βουλόμενός τινας ἀπολέσθαι ἀλλὰ πάντας εἰς μετάνοιαν χωρῆσαι
Category: Salvation
New term (3:9). The universality claim (‘all’) intersects with the baseline’s universal_scope_of_gospel concern; must retain unqualified universal scope without exempting any social class or spiritually advanced figure.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Established term shared across Indonesian-archipelago Christian usage. Kabar kabungahan is too generic and loses the specific, unique proclamation of salvation through Christ. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter, keep anchored to the specific apostolic eyewitness proclamation of 1:16-18, not a generic religious message the false teachers merely compete with.
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Object of faith must always be specified as Christ. Use krama register in devotional/doctrinal contexts. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter 1:1, 1:5; see new term like_precious_faith for the ‘isotimon pistin’ modifier.
Apostle
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Never rasul (Islamic messenger-prophet line culminating in Muhammad). Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter at 1:1 and 3:2. Deliberately kept distinct from the new term holy_men_of_god, which names OT prophets, not the apostolic office.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: ἡ αἰώνιος βασιλεία τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος
Category: Kingdom
Distinguish from an earthly keraton as a political institution. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter 1:11 extended as ‘Kratoning Gusti Allah ingkang langgeng’ (the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior).
Peace
Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: katentreman
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Relational peace through justification, not meditative calm. Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter at 1:2 (greeting) and 3:14 (closing exhortation).
Like Precious Faith
Approved rendering: pitados ingkang sami ajinipun
Transliteration: pitados ingkang sami ajinipun
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἰσότιμος πίστις
Category: Faith
New compound term (2 Peter 1:1, isotimon pistin) built on baseline pitados plus ‘sami ajinipun’ (of equal worth). Must not be read through Javanese priyayi/wong cilik status hierarchy as implying some believers’ faith is worth less; faith is categorically equal in standing before God regardless of ethnicity or social rank.
Holy Mountain
Approved rendering: redi ingkang suci
Transliteration: redi ingkang suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: τὸ ὄρος τὸ ἅγιον
Category: Sanctification
New term (2 Peter 1:18, hagion oros), built on baseline suci. Javanese mountains (Merapi, Semeru, Lawu) carry independent sacred-site associations tied to guardian spirits and larung sesaji offerings. Must anchor holiness to God’s specific historical self-revelation at this one mountain (the Transfiguration site), not inherent mountain-spirit sanctity.
Holy Men Of God
Approved rendering: tiyang-tiyang suci ingkang saking Gusti Allah
Transliteration: tiyang-tiyang suci ingkang saking Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: utusan (rejected reuse)
Original: ἅγιοι ἄνθρωποι ἀπὸ θεοῦ
Category: Scripture
New term (2 Peter 1:21, hagioi anthrōpoi apo theou). Deliberately does not reuse baseline utusan (apostle), which is reserved specifically for the apostolic office; OT prophets and NT apostles are kept as distinct categories in this book.
Servant Bondservant
Approved rendering: abdi (1:1) / batur (2:19)
Transliteration: abdi / batur
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
New term (doulos). Two distinct Javanese registers required: ‘abdi’ for Peter’s willing, honored ownership by Christ (1:1), and ‘batur’ for the ironic, degrading slavery to corruption in false teachers (2:19). Abdi is distinct from abdi dalem (a keraton court servant’s social rank).
Kyriotes Dominion
Approved rendering: pangwaos
Transliteration: pangwaos
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κυριότης
Category: Church
New term (2 Peter 2:10, kyriotēs). Abstract angelic/divine governance structures despised by false teachers. Shares a root with Gusti (kyrios); must be handled so this abstract-authority noun does not blur with the Lordship title of Christ himself.
Bought Redeemed
Approved rendering: sampun natumbas
Transliteration: sampun natumbas
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Salvation
New term (2 Peter 2:1, agorazō). Commercial purchase language applied to Christ’s redemption of believers at the price of his own life. Must retain the atonement/redemption-price imagery rather than flattening into a generic ‘rescued.‘
Eyewitness
Approved rendering: seksi ingkang sampun ndeleng piyambak
Transliteration: seksi ingkang sampun ndeleng piyambak
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἐπόπτης
Category: Scripture
New term (2 Peter 1:16, epoptēs). Must retain the weight of firsthand, legal/testimonial witness, not merely someone who heard a secondhand report.
Majesty
Approved rendering: kaagunganipun Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: kaagunganipun Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Christology
New term (2 Peter 1:16, megaleiotēs). Javanese royal/keraton majesty-language (kaagungan) is natural vocabulary but must be marked as exceeded infinitely by Christ’s majesty, paralleling the baseline’s Lord/Gusti caution against reducing this to keraton-style deference.
Corruption
Approved rendering: karisakan
Transliteration: karisakan
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: φθορά
Category: Sin
New term (phthora, 1:4; 2:12, 2:19). Must be anchored to moral corruption caused by lust, not merely natural physical decay. Kept distinct from kabinasan (final/eternal perdition).
Lust
Approved rendering: hawa-nepsu
Transliteration: hawa-nepsu
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
New term (epithymia, 1:4; 2:10, 2:18). Widely shared Javanese/Islamic-influenced moral vocabulary; must function as a moral-theological category (desire opposed to God’s will), not merely bodily appetite.
Perseverance Endurance
Approved rendering: katahanan
Transliteration: katahanan
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Sanctification
New term (hypomonē, 1:6). Kept as a distinct Javanese word from kasabaranipun Gusti Allah (God’s patience, makrothymia, ch. 3) to avoid doctrinal blur between human endurance and divine forbearance.
Godliness
Approved rendering: kamursidan
Transliteration: kamursidan
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
New term (eusebeia, 1:3, 1:6-7; 2:9; 3:11). Must be distinguished from the ritual-performance sense of Indonesian ibadah (formal religious observance); this is holistic reverent character and conduct.
Love
Approved rendering: katresnan
Transliteration: katresnan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Edification
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Church
New term (agapē, 1:7), the capstone virtue crowning the chain. Distinguish from tresna asmara (romantic/erotic love) in teaching contexts.
Promise
Approved rendering: prajanji
Transliteration: prajanji
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: ἐπάγγελμα / ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
New term (epangelma/epangelia, 1:4; 3:4, 3:9, 3:13). Kept distinct from baseline prajanjian (covenant); prajanji here names specific pledged promises (sharing the divine nature; Christ’s return and new creation), not the covenant relationship itself.
Swift Destruction Perdition
Approved rendering: kabinasan
Transliteration: kabinasan
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀπώλεια
Category: Eschatology
New term (apōleia, 2:1, 2:3; 3:7, 3:9, 3:16). Kept distinct from karisakan (moral corruption) to preserve the term’s eschatological finality.
Licentiousness Sensuality
Approved rendering: tumindak cabul
Transliteration: tumindak cabul
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
New term (aselgeia, 2:2, 2:7, 2:18). Standard moral vocabulary; low ambiguity beyond consistency.
Blasphemed The Way Of Truth
Approved rendering: nyenyamah / kanistakaken
Transliteration: nyenyamah / kanistakaken
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Church
New term (blasphēmeō, 2:2, 2:10, 2:12). Must retain the sense of public discrediting of the gospel before outsiders, not mere private insult.
Covetousness
Approved rendering: kamelikan / srei
Transliteration: kamelikan / srei
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: πλεονεξία
Category: Sin
New term (pleonexia, 2:3, 2:14). Standard moral vocabulary; no significant syncretism risk beyond consistency.
Angels That Sinned
Approved rendering: malaekat ingkang sampun kadosa
Transliteration: malaekat ingkang sampun kadosa
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels and Historical Precedent
Original: ἄγγελοι ἁμαρτήσαντες
Category: Sin
New term (angeloi hamartēsantes, 2:4). Malaekat is a loanword shared with Islamic usage; content must remain anchored to the specific biblical narrative of angelic rebellion and judgment, not a generic angelology.
Tartarus
Approved rendering: Tartarus (kaparingan pratélan: panggenan paukuman ing jero pati)
Transliteration: Tartarus
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels and Historical Precedent
Original: ταρταρώσας
Category: Eschatology
New term (tartarōsas, 2:4), transliterated with gloss. Must not be merged with Javanese underworld/spirit-realm mythology (e.g., the domain of Nyi Roro Kidul, or the wayang underworld Kawah Candradimuka); names a specific place of divine judgment for fallen angels, not a native cosmological underworld.
Flood
Approved rendering: banjir bandhang ageng
Transliteration: banjir bandhang ageng
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels and Historical Precedent
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: Covenant
New term (kataklysmos, 2:5; 3:6). Java has no strong native flood-cosmology myth competing for this space, but must be marked as a specific historical event, not a generic natural-disaster metaphor.
The Godly The Unjust
Approved rendering: tiyang mursid / tiyang duraka
Transliteration: tiyang mursid / tiyang duraka
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels and Historical Precedent
Original: εὐσεβής / ἄδικος
Category: Salvation
New term (eusebēs/adikos, 2:9). Related to kamursidan (godliness); must retain the sense of God’s active, personal discernment, not impersonal fate.
Liberty
Approved rendering: kamardikan
Transliteration: kamardikan
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Sin
New term (eleutheria, 2:19). Kamardikan is also the standard, emotionally weighted Indonesian nationalist term for national independence (Kemerdekaan Indonesia); readers must understand this as a claim of spiritual freedom, not a political concept.
Spots And Blemishes
Approved rendering: cacad lan cela / tanpa cacad lan tanpa cela
Transliteration: cacad lan cela / tanpa cacad lan tanpa cela
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι / ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι
Category: Sanctification
New term (spiloi kai mōmoi / aspiloi kai amōmētoi, 2:13; 3:14). Ties to the sanctification/holiness doctrinal cluster established in the baseline (suci, pensucen).
Way Of Righteousness Holy Commandment
Approved rendering: dalan kabeneran / pepakon suci
Transliteration: dalan kabeneran / pepakon suci
Doctrine: Apostasy Warning
Original: ὁδὸς δικαιοσύνης / ἁγία ἐντολή
Category: Sanctification
New term (hodos dikaiosynēs / hagia entolē, 2:21), built on baseline kabeneran and suci. Apostasy is worse than never having known the way at all.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: tiyang ingkang moyoki
Transliteration: tiyang ingkang moyoki
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Eschatology
New term (empaiktai, 3:3). Last-days mockers who deride the promise of Christ’s return because of its apparent delay.
Creation
Approved rendering: titahing Gusti Allah
Transliteration: titahing Gusti Allah
Doctrine: God’s Word as the Agent of Creation and Judgment
Original: κτίσις
Category: God
New term (ktisis, 3:4). The scoffers wrongly assume creation’s apparent stability proves God’s non-intervention.
Elements
Approved rendering: unsur-unsur jagad
Transliteration: unsur-unsur jagad
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology
New term (stoicheia, 3:10, 3:12). Some caution warranted against confusion with Javanese cosmological-numerological ‘unsur’ concepts (kiblat papat lima pancer); refers strictly to physical constituents of creation dissolving under judgment.
New Heavens And New Earth
Approved rendering: langit anyar lan bumi anyar
Transliteration: langit anyar lan bumi anyar
Doctrine: New Creation (New Heavens and New Earth)
Original: καινοὶ οὐρανοὶ καὶ γῆ καινή
Category: Eschatology
New term (kainoi ouranoi kai gē kainē, 3:13). Must be understood as a one-time, linear act of final renewal, not a cyclical destruction-and-rebirth pattern (as in some wayang cosmological ages or Hindu-Javanese kalpa-cycle concepts).
Low Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: pameca
Transliteration: pameca
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: primbon
Original: προφητεία
Category: Scripture
Distinct from primbon (Javanese astrological-numerological divination almanac). Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter (1:19, 1:20, 1:21; 3:2) this term-level Low risk sits inside a doctrine-level Critical/High cluster (Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture; Fulfillment of Prophecy) — see new term prophetic_word for the compound High-risk phrase.
Prophet
Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: dhukun
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture
Not to be confused with dhukun (folk healer/diviner). Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter implicit in ‘holy men of God’ (1:21, see new term holy_men_of_god) and explicit at 3:2.
Self Control
Approved rendering: pangendalèning dhiri
Transliteration: pangendalèning dhiri
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Sanctification
New term (egkrateia, 1:6). Minimal syncretism risk; part of the virtue-chain.
Brotherly Kindness
Approved rendering: katresnan sesulur
Transliteration: katresnan sesulur
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Edification
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
New term (philadelphia, 1:7). Minimal risk; standard fellowship vocabulary.
Tabernacle Tent
Approved rendering: kemah (badan)
Transliteration: kemah (badan)
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: σκήνωμα
Category: Eschatology
New term (skēnōma, 1:13-14). Standard NT body-metaphor (cf. 2 Cor 5); may need a brief explanatory note for readers unfamiliar with the tent-dwelling image.
Decease Departure
Approved rendering: tilar donya
Transliteration: tilar donya
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἔξοδος
Category: Eschatology
New term (exodos, 1:15), a euphemism for Peter’s approaching death, deliberately echoing the Exodus. Typological echo is a teaching-enrichment point, not a translation risk.
Chains Of Darkness
Approved rendering: tetalining pepeteng
Transliteration: tetalining pepeteng
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels and Historical Precedent
Original: σειραὶ ζόφου
Category: Eschatology
New term (seirai zophou, 2:4). Standard NT imagery; minimal syncretism risk.
Preacher Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: juru wara-wara kabeneran
Transliteration: juru wara-wara kabeneran
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels and Historical Precedent
Original: δικαιοσύνης κῆρυξ
Category: Covenant
New term (dikaiosynēs kēryx, 2:5), built on baseline kabeneran. Noah’s role proclaiming righteousness to his generation.
Dog Vomit Sow Mire Proverb
Approved rendering: asu bali marang wutahané, babi bali gluntang ing luthek
Transliteration: asu bali marang wutahané, babi bali gluntang ing luthek
Doctrine: Apostasy Warning
Original: κύων ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα / ὗς εἰς κυλισμὸν βορβόρου
Category: Sanctification
New term (2:22), vivid proverbial images. Retain in full per idiom-handling rule; doctrinal weight (apostasy warning) must survive the imagery — do not soften or sanitize.
Day Of The Lord As A Thief
Approved rendering: Dinten Gustinipun kados maling ing wanci dalu
Transliteration: Dinten Gustinipun kados maling ing wanci dalu
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης
Category: Eschatology
New term (hēmera kyriou hōs kleptēs, 3:10). Widely used and intelligible NT eschatological idiom; retain literally per idiom-handling guidance.
Steadfastness
Approved rendering: kamanteban
Transliteration: kamanteban
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Edification
Original: στηριγμός
Category: Sanctification
New term (stērigmos, 3:17). Stability of conviction, resisting being carried away by error; standard vocabulary, minimal syncretism risk.
Referenced passages