Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Acts 1–28 (Koine Greek → Javanese)
Purpose and Usage Notes
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the whole book of Acts, chapter 1 through chapter 28. Terms are grouped into:
- Section 1 — Reused Baseline Terms: terms already fixed in the Romans-curriculum
translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json. These renderings are reused exactly as recorded there; no deviation is permitted. - Section 2 — New Terms for Acts: terms not present in the Romans baseline, newly analyzed for this curriculum. These are provisional pending formal addition to the extended translation memory in a later Phase 1 step.
Risk tiers (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and review routing follow the same definitions used in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Section 1 — Reused Baseline Terms (Occurring in Acts)
| Term | Risk | Original (Greek) | Javanese Term | Key Acts Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | Medium | εὐαγγέλιον | Injil | 8:25; 8:35; 15:7; 20:24 | Reused exactly; Acts uses it for the same specific proclamation of salvation through Christ. |
| Grace | Critical | χάρις | sih-rahmat | 4:33; 11:23; 13:43; 14:3, 26; 15:11, 40; 18:27; 20:24, 32 | Reused exactly. Recurs heavily in Acts’ missionary-journey narration; NEVER kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi. |
| Faith | Medium | πίστις | pitados | 3:16; 6:5, 7; 11:24; 13:8; 14:9, 22, 27; 16:5, 31; 20:21; 26:18 | Reused exactly; object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit per baseline rule. |
| Righteousness | High | δικαιοσύνη | kabeneran | 10:35; 13:10; 17:31; 24:25 | Reused exactly. |
| Justification | Critical | δικαίωσις / δικαιωθῆναι | kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah | 13:39 | Reused exactly; key cross-reference to the “Justification apart from the Law” doctrine — see Romans 3:20–28 parallel. |
| Salvation | Critical | σωτηρία / σῴζω | kaslametan | 2:21, 40, 47; 4:9, 12; 11:14; 14:9; 15:1, 11; 16:17, 30–31; 27:20, 31; 28:28 | Reused exactly. Every Critical-risk occurrence requires the standard translator note distinguishing Christ’s rescue from the slametan ritual meal. |
| Apostle | Medium | ἀπόστολος | utusan | 1:2, 26; 2:37, 42–43; 4:33, 35–37; 5:2, 12, 18, 29, 34, 40; 6:6; 8:1, 14, 18; 9:27; 11:1; 14:4, 14; 15:2, 4, 6, 22–23, 33; 16:4 | Reused exactly; the most frequently occurring term across Acts. NEVER rasul. |
| Called / Calling | High | κλητός / κλῆσις | katimbalan / katimbalanipun Gusti Allah | 2:39 | Reused exactly; NEVER wahyu. |
| Holy | High | ἅγιος | suci | throughout (e.g., 3:14, “Holy One”) | Reused exactly. |
| Saints | Medium | ἅγιοι | para suci | 9:13, 32, 41; 26:10 | Reused exactly; NEVER wali. |
| Sanctification | High | ἁγιασμός (concept) | pensucen | conceptual, cf. 20:32; 26:18 | Reused exactly; distinguish from ceremonial ἁγνισμός (purification, new term, ch. 21). |
| Resurrection | Critical | ἀνάστασις / ἀνίστημι | wungu saka pati | 1:22; 2:24, 31–32; 3:15; 4:2, 10, 33; 5:30; 10:40–41; 13:30, 33–34, 37; 17:3, 18, 31–32; 23:6, 8; 24:15, 21; 26:8, 23 | Reused exactly. NEVER titisan or reinkarnasi. Most doctrinally dense term in the book alongside Grace/Salvation. |
| Lord | Critical/High | κύριος | Gusti | throughout, esp. 2:21, 34, 36; 10:36; 16:31 | Reused exactly; NEVER bare deference-only usage without context establishing exclusive supremacy. |
| Son of God | Critical | υἱὸς θεοῦ | Putrané Gusti Allah | 9:20 | Reused exactly. |
| Peace | Medium | εἰρήνη | katentreman | 9:31; 10:36; 15:33 | Reused exactly. |
| Spiritual Gifts | Medium | χάρισμα (concept) | peparing Roh Suci | conceptually linked to 2:38’s δωρεά (see Section 2) | Reused exactly; note distinction between the foundational gift of the Spirit’s indwelling and ongoing service-gifts. |
| Thanksgiving | Low | εὐχαριστία (concept) | pamuji sukur | conceptual, cf. 27:35; 28:15 | Reused exactly. |
| Fellowship | Low | κοινωνία | patunggilan | 2:42 | Reused exactly. |
| Church | Medium | ἐκκλησία | pasamuwan | 2:47; 5:11; 8:1, 3; 9:31; 11:22, 26; 12:1, 5; 13:1; 14:23, 27; 15:3–4, 22, 41; 16:5; 18:22; 20:17, 28 | Reused exactly; NEVER punden. Central term for “The Church as Community.” |
| Kingdom of God | Medium | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | Kratoning Gusti Allah | 1:3, 6; 8:12; 14:22; 19:8; 20:25; 28:23, 31 | Reused exactly. |
| Law | Medium/High | νόμος | angger-anggering Toret | 13:39; 15:5; 18:13; 21:20, 24, 28; 22:3, 12; 23:29; 24:14; 25:8; 28:23 | Reused exactly. Central term for “Justification apart from the Law” and the circumcision debate. |
| Sin | High | ἁμαρτία | dosa | 2:38; 3:19; 5:31; 7:60; 10:43; 13:38; 22:16; 26:18 | Reused exactly. |
| Gentiles | Medium | ἔθνη | bangsa liya | 9:15; 10:45; 11:1, 18; 13:46–48; 14:27; 15:3, 7, 12, 14, 19, 23; 18:6; 21:19, 21, 25; 22:21; 26:17, 20, 23; 28:28 | Reused exactly. Central term for “The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles.” Do NOT use for diaspora Jews “of every nation” in 2:5–9 — reserve for the specific Jew/non-Jew theological contrast. |
| Glory | High | δόξα | kamulyan | 7:2, 55; 12:23; 22:11 | Reused exactly. |
| Power of God | Critical | δύναμις θεοῦ (concept) | panguwaosipun Gusti Allah | 1:8; 2:22; 3:12; 4:7, 33; 6:8; 8:10, 13, 19; 10:38; 19:11 | Reused exactly. NEVER kasekten. Central to “Apostolic Authority and Miracles.” |
| Messiah | Critical | Χριστός (OT-promise sense) | Sang Mesias | 2:30–31, 36; 3:18, 20; 17:3; 18:5, 28; 26:23 | Reused exactly when the OT-promise/fulfillment category is foregrounded. NEVER Satrio Piningit. See also “Kristus” (Section 2) for the proper-name/title usage. |
| Prophet | Low | προφήτης | nabi | 2:16, 30; 3:18, 21–25; 7:37, 42, 48, 52; 8:28, 30, 34; 10:43; 11:27; 13:1, 20, 27, 40; 15:15, 32; 21:10; 24:14; 26:22, 27; 28:23 | Reused exactly. |
| Prophecy | Low | προφητεία / προφητεύω | pameca | 2:17–18; 11:27; 13:1; 19:6; 21:9–11 | Reused exactly. |
| Covenant | High | διαθήκη (concept) | prajanjian | 3:25; 7:8 | Reused exactly. |
| Election | High | ἐκλογή (concept) | pepilihanipun Gusti Allah | 9:15; 13:48; 22:14 | Reused exactly. NEVER wahyu. |
| Intercession | Medium | ἔντευξις (concept) | pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya | 12:5, 12; 8:24 | Reused exactly. |
| Providence | High | πρόνοια (concept) | pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan | 2:23; 4:28; 17:26; 20:27; 27:23–24 | Reused exactly. NEVER bare pesthi or nrimo ing pandum. |
| Mission | Medium | ἀποστολή / πέμπω (concept) | pekabaran Injil | 1:8; 13:2–4; 22:21 | Reused exactly. |
| David | Low | Δαυίδ | Dawud | 1:16; 2:25, 29, 34; 4:25; 7:45; 13:22, 34, 36; 15:16 | Reused exactly. |
| Israel | Medium | Ἰσραήλ | Israel | 1:6; 2:22, 36; 3:12; 4:8, 10, 27; 5:21, 31; 7:23, 37, 42; 9:15; 10:36; 13:16–17, 23–24; 21:28; 26:7; 28:20 | Reused exactly. |
| Jesus | Critical | Ἰησοῦς | Gusti Yesus | throughout | Reused exactly. NEVER Nabi Isa. |
| God | Critical | θεός | Gusti Allah | throughout | Reused exactly. NEVER bare Gusti. |
| Holy Spirit | Critical | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Roh Suci | throughout, esp. 2:4, 33, 38; 4:8, 31; 5:3, 9, 32; 6:5; 7:51, 55; 8:15–19; 9:17, 31; 10:38, 44–47; 11:15–16, 24, 28; 13:2, 4, 9, 52; 15:8, 28; 16:6; 19:2, 6; 20:23, 28; 21:11 | Reused exactly. NEVER dhemit or lelembut. The single most frequently occurring Critical term in Acts; central to “The Holy Spirit and Pentecost.” |
| Father | High | πατήρ | Rama | 1:4, 7; 2:33 | Reused exactly. NEVER Leluhur — see Section 2 “God of our fathers” for the one narrow, historically-anchored exception. |
| Exhort | Low | παρακαλέω | pitutur | 2:40; 11:23; 14:22; 15:32; 16:40; 20:1–2 | Reused exactly. |
| Seed of David | High | σπέρμα Δαυίδ (concept) | tedhak turune Dawud | 2:30; 13:23 | Reused exactly. |
| Imputed Righteousness | Critical | (concept, cf. 13:39) | kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah | 13:39 (conceptually) | Reused exactly; cross-reference to Romans 4:3. |
Section 2 — New Terms for Acts (Not in Romans Baseline)
| Term | Category | Risk | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Javanese Rendering | Key Passages | Translation Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pentecost | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Medium | Πεντηκοστή | Pentēkostē | ”fiftieth [day]“ | Pentakosta | Acts 2:1; 20:16 | Transliterated loanword, established archipelago usage. Requires a note anchoring it as a specific dated Jewish festival, not an annual local harvest-ritual analogue. |
| Repentance / Repent | Repentance and Baptism | High | μετάνοια / μετανοέω | metanoia / metanoeō | ”a change of mind, afterthought” | mratobat | 2:38; 3:19; 5:31; 8:22; 11:18; 17:30; 19:4; 20:21; 26:20 | Shares vocabulary with Islamic tobat; must be anchored to turning toward Christ and trusting his atoning work, not generic religious remorse or ritual amends. |
| Baptism / Baptize | Repentance and Baptism | High | βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω | baptisma / baptizō | ”to dip, immerse” | baptisan / mbaptis | 1:5; 2:38, 41; 8:12–13, 36–38; 9:18; 10:47–48; 16:15, 33; 18:8; 19:3–5 | Must be taught as identification with Christ’s death/resurrection and covenant entry, not ritual purification bathing (siraman) or ascetic-power bathing (kungkum). |
| Tongues (fire, visual) | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Medium | γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός | glōssai hōsei pyros | ”tongues as of fire” | ilat-ilating geni (simile) | 2:3 | A flame-shaped theophany sign, not speech; keep visually descriptive and not confused with speech-tongues below. |
| Tongues (languages, miraculous speech) | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | High | γλῶσσαι / ἑτέραι γλῶσσαι | glōssai / heterai glōssai | ”tongues / other tongues” = “languages” | basa liya / maneka basa | 2:4, 11; 10:46; 19:6 | Real, known human languages in Acts 2 (confirmed by hearers’ comprehension); must not be conflated with trance-speech produced by Javanese spirit-mediums during divination sessions. |
| Filled with the Holy Spirit | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Critical | πίμπλημι πνεύματος ἁγίου | pimplēmi pneumatos hagiou | ”to fill completely with Holy Spirit” | kapenuhan ing Roh Suci | 2:4; 4:8, 31; 9:17; 13:9, 52 | NEVER kesurupan (possession/trance, associated with dhemit/lelembut). Personal, willing indwelling, not involuntary possession. |
| Pour out (the Spirit) | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | High | ἐκχέω | ekcheō | ”to pour out, spill” | ngesokaken | 2:17–18, 33 | Avoid resonance with libation/offering rituals (sesaji) to territorial or ancestral spirits; God’s own free self-giving, not an appeasement offering. |
| Vision | Various | High | ὅραμα / ὅρασις | horama / horasis | ”a seeing, a vision” | paningalan | 2:17; 9:10, 12; 10:3, 17, 19; 11:5; 16:9–10; 18:9; 26:19 | NEVER wahyu (forbidden royal-legitimation term). Personal divine disclosure, no dynastic-legitimacy claim. |
| Dream | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Medium | ἐνύπνιον | enypnion | ”a dream” | impen | 2:17 | Distinguish from Javanese primbon dream-omen divination; authority rests on divine source, not a fixed cultural symbol-key. |
| Signs and Wonders | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | High | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα | sēmeia kai terata | ”signs and wonders/portents” | tandha lan kaelokan | 2:19, 22, 43; 4:16, 22, 30; 5:12; 6:8; 8:6, 13; 14:3; 15:12 | Avoid mukjizat (Arabic loanword tied to Islamic prophet-authentication apologetics); native compound preferred. |
| Mighty Work / Miracle (countable) | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | High | δύναμις (countable) | dynamis | ”a mighty work, act of power” | pakaryan panguwaos | 2:22; 8:13; 19:11 | Distinct from but rooted in panguwaosipun Gusti Allah; NEVER kasekten. |
| Witness | Persecution and Bold Witness | Medium | μάρτυς | martys | ”one who testifies” | seksi | 1:8, 22; 2:32; 3:15; 5:32; 10:39, 41; 13:31; 22:15, 20; 26:16 | Spirit-empowered testimony to the risen Christ; anticipates but is not yet the later “martyr” sense (developed narratively at Stephen’s death, ch. 7). |
| Boldness | Persecution and Bold Witness | Medium | παρρησία | parrēsia | ”freedom/confidence of speech” | kekendelan | 4:13, 29, 31; 9:27–28; 13:46; 14:3; 18:26; 19:8; 26:26; 28:31 | Spirit-given courage under threat, exercised within respectful speech register (unggah-ungguh), not brashness. |
| Persecution | Persecution and Bold Witness | Medium | διωγμός | diōgmos | ”persecution, pursuit” | panganiaya | 8:1; 11:19; 13:50 | Standard term for hostile pressure against believers. |
| Remission of Sins | Repentance and Baptism | High | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν | aphesis hamartiōn | ”release/sending away of sins” | pangapunten dosa | 2:38; 5:31; 10:43; 13:38; 26:18 | Full, immediate forgiveness through Christ’s finished work, not a gradually-repaid debt or formula-dependent absolution. |
| Gift of the Holy Spirit | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Critical | δωρεά τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος | dōrea tou hagiou pneumatos | ”the free gift of the Holy Spirit” | peparingipun Roh Suci | 2:38; 8:20; 10:45; 11:17 | Distinguish the foundational conversion-gift of the Spirit’s indwelling from the ongoing service-gifts (charismata) covered by the baseline’s peparing Roh Suci. |
| Call on the Name of the Lord | Repentance and Baptism / Holy Spirit and Pentecost | High | ἐπικαλέομαι τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου | epikaleomai to onoma Kyriou | ”to call upon the name of the Lord” | nyebut asmanipun Gusti | 2:21; 22:16 | Personal, trust-filled invocation for salvation, not a protective incantation or mantra (jampi). |
| Determinate Counsel and Foreknowledge | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles / Providence | High | βουλή / πρόγνωσις | boulē / prognōsis | ”plan/counsel” / “foreknowledge” | pepakoning Gusti Allah ingkang sampun katemtokaken saha kawuningan rumiyin | 2:23; 4:28; 20:27 | Personal, purposive divine plan; NEVER impersonal fate (pesthi). |
| Hades / Realm of the Dead | Resurrection of Christ | High | Ἅιδης | Hadēs | ”the realm/state of the dead” | jagading tiyang pejah | 2:27, 31 | Distinguish from neraka (final punishment-hell); this is the temporary state of death before resurrection, not final judgment. |
| Corruption | Resurrection of Christ | Medium | διαφθορά | diaphthora | ”decay, ruin” | karisakan | 2:27, 31; 13:34–37 | Christ’s body did not decompose — proof of bodily, not merely spiritual, resurrection. |
| Exalted | Lordship of Christ / Deity of Christ | High | ὑψόω | hypsoō | ”to lift up, raise on high” | kaunggahaken | 2:33; 5:31 | God’s own act of raising Christ to supreme authority; not human-conferred honor or a wahyu-style mandate. |
| Christ (as proper-name title) | Deity of Christ / Messianic Promise | Critical | Χριστός (title/name usage) | Christos | ”Anointed One” (used as name/title) | Kristus | 2:36, 38; 3:6; 4:10; 8:5; 9:20; 10:36; 11:17; 16:18; 17:3; 18:5, 28; 24:24; 26:23 | Use Kristus per established transliteration standard for the ongoing proper-name/title; reserve Sang Mesias for contexts foregrounding the OT-promise category specifically. |
| Added (to the church) | Church as Community | Low | προστίθημι | prostithēmi | ”to add to” | ditambahaken | 2:41, 47; 5:14; 11:24 | Describes God’s own work of numerical church growth through the proclaimed word. |
| Sanhedrin | Church as Community (institutional) | Medium | Συνέδριον | Synedrion | ”council, assembly” | Sanhedrin (transliterated) | 4:15; 5:21, 27, 34, 41; 6:12, 15; 22:30; 23:1, 6, 15, 20, 28; 24:20 | Transliterate with gloss “Pradata Agunging Yahudi” at first occurrence. |
| Circumcision | Justification apart from the Law | High | περιτομή | peritomē | ”circumcision” | tetak | 7:8; 10:45; 11:2–3; 15:1, 5; 16:3; 21:21 | Shared vocabulary with Islamic khitan and Javanese adat sunatan; clarify Acts 15’s question is narrowly soteriological (whether required for salvation), not a general statement about the cultural practice. |
| Elders | Church as Community | Medium | πρεσβύτεροι | presbyteroi | ”elders” | pinituwa | 11:30; 14:23; 15:2, 4, 6, 22–23; 16:4; 20:17; 21:18 | Appointed church office of spiritual oversight, not merely village elder status by age or adat. |
| Overseer / Shepherd | Church as Community | Medium | ἐπίσκοπος / ποιμήν | episkopos / poimēn | ”overseer” / “shepherd” | pangarsa pasamuwan / pamomong | 20:28 | Spirit-appointed sacrificial pastoral care, distinct from inherited village/adat leadership authority. |
| Laying on of Hands | Apostolic Authority and Miracles / Church as Community | High | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν | epithesis tōn cheirōn | ”a placing on of the hands” | tumpangan tangan | 6:6; 8:17–19; 9:17; 13:3; 19:6; 28:8 | Must not imply transfer of impersonal spiritual potency (kasekten); a sign accompanying prayer, with the Spirit sovereignly empowering. |
| Sorcery / Magic | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | High | μαγεία / γοητεία | mageia / goēteia | ”sorcery, magic arts” | tenung | 8:9, 11; 13:6, 8; 19:19 | Contrasts apostolic Spirit-power against magical arts; high relevance to Javanese dukun/tenung practice. |
| Divination Spirit | Apostolic Authority and Miracles / Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Critical | πνεῦμα πύθωνα | pneuma pythōna | ”a python-spirit,” i.e., a divining spirit | roh tenung | 16:16 | Directly confronts Javanese spirit-medium/divination practice; must be presented as a false, subordinate, expelled spirit under Christ’s authority, sharply contrasted with Roh Suci. |
| Angel | Various | Medium | ἄγγελος | angelos | ”messenger” | malaekat | 5:19; 8:26; 10:3; 12:7–10, 23; 27:23 | Shared loanword with Islamic malaikat; retain personal, obedient created-being sense, not ancestral or nature spirits. |
| Idol | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | High | εἴδωλον | eidōlon | ”idol, image” | brahala | 15:20; 17:16; 19:26, 35 | Critique of worshiping a created representation as divine; frame carefully relative to culturally significant heritage objects. |
| Unknown God / Divine Nature | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Medium | ἄγνωστος θεός / τὸ θεῖον | agnōstos theos / to theion | ”unknown god” / “the divine [nature]“ | Gusti Allah ingkang dèrèng katingal / kaallahan | 17:23, 29 | Bridge-building apologetic term from the Areopagus speech; model for respectful engagement with kejawen religious sensibility while proclaiming exclusive truth. |
| The Way | Conversion of Paul / Church as Community | High | ἡ ὁδός | hē hodos | ”the road, the way” | Margi | 9:2; 19:9, 23; 22:4; 24:14, 22 | NEVER a cognate of tarekat (the Arabic/Sufi mystical-path term); use the native Javanese word for “path” to avoid importing that specific religious framework. |
| Christian | Church as Community | Low | Χριστιανός | Christianos | ”a follower of Christ” | Kristen | 11:26; 26:28 | Established loanword; first occurs at Antioch (11:26). |
| Clean / Unclean | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | High | καθαρός / κοινός | katharos / koinos | ”clean” / “common, [ritually] unclean” | resik / najis | 10:14–15, 28; 11:8–9 | Najis shares vocabulary with Islamic ritual-purity law; anchor to the redemptive-historical setting-aside of Mosaic ceremonial distinctions for Gentile inclusion, not a general or comparative statement about purity law traditions. |
| Conscience | Justification apart from the Law | Medium | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | ”conscience, moral awareness” | kalbu | 23:1; 24:16 | Ties to Paul’s clear conscience despite the Law’s demands; relevant to “Justification apart from the Law.” |
| Eternal Life | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles / Justification apart from the Law | High | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | ”life without end” | gesang langgeng | 13:46, 48 | Endless, personal, conscious life with God; distinct from impersonal cyclical continuation or a continuing presence among ancestral spirits (roh leluhur). |
| Yoke | Justification apart from the Law | Medium | ζυγός | zygos | ”yoke, burden-bar” | pikulan | 15:10 | Symbol of legal/ritual burden contrasted with sih-rahmat (grace). |
| Vow | Church as Community (ritual practice) | Low-Medium | εὐχή | euchē | ”a vow” | kaul | 21:23 | Distinguish this Mosaic ritual vow from generic local vow-making (nadar) practice. |
| Purification (ceremonial) | Church as Community (ritual practice) | Medium | ἁγνισμός | hagnismos | ”ceremonial purification” | resik-resik pinurih (ceremonial purification) | 21:24, 26 | Distinct from pensucen (ongoing sanctification); a specific Mosaic ritual rite. |
| God of Our Fathers | Conversion of Paul | High | ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων | ho theos tōn paterōn | ”the God of the forefathers” | Gusti Allahing para leluhur kita | 22:14; 24:14; 26:6; 28:25 | Historical-covenantal reference to the patriarchs only; must never be allowed to drift into or reinforce ancestor-veneration devotion, and must be kept distinct from the baseline’s forbidden Leluhur-for-Father substitution. |
| Judgment to Come | Universal Human Accountability | Medium | τὸ κρίμα τὸ μέλλον | to krima to mellon | ”the coming judgment” | pangadilan ingkang badhe rawuh | 24:25 | Individual eschatological accountability before God. |
| Power / Authority of Satan | Conversion of Paul / Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | High | ἐξουσία τοῦ Σατανᾶ | exousia tou Satana | ”the authority of Satan” | panguwaosipun Iblis/Setan | 26:18 | Real but subordinate and defeated power, contrasted with panguwaosipun Gusti Allah; avoid dualistic paired-power framing. |
| Uttermost Part of the Earth | Great Commission Fulfilled | Medium | ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς | heōs eschatou tēs gēs | ”to the end/farthest part of the earth” | pungkasaning bumi | 1:8; 13:47 | Structural key phrase for the whole book’s missionary outline; render identically at every echo. |
| Unhindered | Great Commission Fulfilled | Low | ἀκωλύτως | akōlytōs | ”without hindrance” | tanpa pambendung | 28:31 | Closing word of the book; capstone term for the fulfilled commission. |
| Prince / Author of Life | Deity of Christ | High | ἀρχηγὸς τῆς ζωῆς | archēgos tēs zōēs | ”originator/leader of life” | Pangarsaning gesang | 3:15 | Christ as source of life itself, not a dynastic-succession “prince” title (avoid keraton royal-title resonance). |
| Son of Man | Deity of Christ / Sonship of Christ | High | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | huios tou anthrōpou | ”son of man” (Daniel 7 title) | Putraning Manungsa | 7:56 | Distinct exalted/judging title from “Son of God” (Putrané Gusti Allah); must not be conflated with it or read as merely emphasizing ordinary humanity. |
| Test/Tempt the Spirit | Church as Community / Holy Spirit and Pentecost | High | πειράζω τὸ πνεῦμα Κυρίου | peirazō to pneuma Kyriou | ”to test the Spirit of the Lord” | nyoba Roh Suci | 5:9 | Warns against treating the Spirit’s presence in the community lightly or manipulatively. |
| Ministry / Service | Church as Community | Medium | διακονία | diakonia | ”service, ministry” | paladosan | 6:1, 4; 11:29; 12:25; 20:24; 21:19 | Practical, Spirit-empowered care ministry; internal Hellenist/Hebrew equity dispute foreshadows the Jew/Gentile theme. |
| Barbarians | Great Commission Fulfilled (descriptive) | Low | βάρβαροι | barbaroi | ”non-Greek-speaking peoples” | tiyang manca | 28:2, 4 | Descriptive, not derogatory in source context; brief clarifying note recommended for modern usage. |
Cross-Reference to Doctrine List
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary New Terms (Section 2) | Primary Reused Terms (Section 1) |
|---|---|---|
| The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Pentecost; Tongues (fire); Tongues (languages); Filled with Holy Spirit; Pour out; Vision; Dream; Gift of the Holy Spirit; Divination Spirit | Holy Spirit; Prophecy |
| The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Clean/Unclean; Idol; Unknown God/Divine Nature; Eternal Life; Circumcision (shared) | Gentiles; Gospel; Israel |
| Repentance and Baptism | Repentance; Baptism; Remission of Sins; Call on the Name of the Lord | Sin; Salvation |
| The Church as Community | Added; Sanhedrin; Elders; Overseer/Shepherd; Ministry/Service; Vow; Purification; Test/Tempt the Spirit | Church; Fellowship |
| Apostolic Authority and Miracles | Signs and Wonders; Mighty Work/Miracle; Laying on of Hands; Sorcery/Magic; Divination Spirit | Power of God; Apostle |
| Persecution and Bold Witness | Witness; Boldness; Persecution | — |
| Conversion of Paul | Vision; The Way; God of Our Fathers; Power/Authority of Satan | Election |
| Justification apart from the Law | Circumcision; Yoke; Conscience; Judgment to Come | Justification; Law; Righteousness; Imputed Righteousness |
| The Great Commission Fulfilled | Uttermost Part of the Earth; Unhindered; Barbarians | Mission; Kingdom of God |
This document must be loaded alongside analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, the baseline translation_memory.json, and the baseline bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 translation work on Acts begins. New terms in Section 2 are provisional pending formal promotion to an extended translation_memory.json in a subsequent Phase 1 step.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs heavily in Acts’ missionary-journey narration (4:33; 11:23; 13:43; 14:3, 26; 15:11, 40; 18:27; 20:24, 32); NEVER kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi. Simon Magus’s attempted purchase of the Spirit’s power (8:18-20) is a key didactic passage reinforcing this Critical distinction.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Highest-frequency Critical term in Acts (2:21, 40, 47; 4:9, 12; 11:14; 14:9; 15:1, 11; 16:17, 30-31; 27:20, 31; 28:28); every occurrence requires the standard translator note distinguishing Christ’s once-for-all rescue from the slametan ritual meal.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: wungu saka pati
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἀνίστημι
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Single most doctrinally dense term in Acts alongside Grace/Salvation (1:22; 2:24, 31-32; 3:15; 4:2, 10, 33; 5:30; 10:40-41; 13:30, 33-34, 37; 17:3, 18, 31-32; 23:6, 8; 24:15, 21; 26:8, 23). NEVER titisan or reinkarnasi; the Areopagus philosophers’ mockery (17:32) is a useful teaching parallel to Javanese reincarnation-adjacent cosmology.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Putrané Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Putrané Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Acts 9:20, Paul’s earliest post-conversion preaching. Must remain visibly distinct from the new Acts title ‘Son of Man’ (Putraning Manungsa, 7:56).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ (concept)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to ‘Apostolic Authority and Miracles’ (1:8; 2:22; 3:12; 4:7, 33; 6:8; 8:10, 13, 19; 10:38; 19:11). NEVER kasekten — the single most heavily recurring forbidden-term risk in the Acts curriculum given the book’s miracle density.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Sang Mesias
Transliteration: Sang Mesias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Satrio Piningit
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ (OT-promise sense)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly when the OT-promise/fulfillment category is foregrounded (2:30-31, 36; 3:18, 20; 17:3; 18:5, 28; 26:23). NEVER Satrio Piningit. See new term ‘christ_title’ (Kristus) for the ongoing proper-name/title usage.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout Acts. NEVER Nabi Isa.
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout Acts. NEVER shortened to bare Gusti.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Single most frequently occurring Critical term in Acts, central to ‘The Holy Spirit and Pentecost’ (2:4, 33, 38; 4:8, 31; 5:3, 9, 32; 6:5; 7:51, 55; 8:15-19; 9:17, 31; 10:38, 44-47; 11:15-16, 24, 28; 13:2, 4, 9, 52; 15:8, 28; 16:6; 19:2, 6; 20:23, 28; 21:11). NEVER dhemit or lelembut.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan kang digayuh
Original: (concept, cf. 13:39)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually present at Acts 13:39; cross-reference to Romans 4:3 recommended in teaching notes.
Filled With Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: kapenuhan ing Roh Suci
Transliteration: pimplēmi pneumatos hagiou
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: kesurupan
Original: πίμπλημι πνεύματος ἁγίου
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
New Critical term for Acts, to be enforced with the same non-negotiable priority as the baseline’s existing Critical terms. Occurs at 2:4; 4:8, 31; 9:17; 13:9, 52. NEVER kesurupan (Javanese spirit-possession/trance, associated with dhemit or lelembut entering a person, typically involuntarily, through a village medium). Must be taught as a willing, personal indwelling by the divine Roh Suci, categorically distinct from folk possession phenomena despite surface behavioral resemblance (altered speech, physical manifestation).
Gift Of Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: peparingipun Roh Suci
Transliteration: dōrea tou hagiou pneumatos
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: δωρεὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
New Critical term for Acts, to be enforced with the same non-negotiable priority as the baseline’s existing Critical terms. Occurs at 2:38; 8:20; 10:45; 11:17. Distinguish the foundational, one-time conversion-gift of the Spirit’s indwelling from the baseline’s ongoing service-gifts term (peparing Roh Suci).
Christ Title
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Christos (title/name usage)
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Χριστός (title/name usage)
Category: Christology
New Critical term for Acts. Occurs at 2:36, 38; 3:6; 4:10; 8:5; 9:20; 10:36; 11:17; 16:18; 17:3; 18:5, 28; 24:24; 26:23. Use Kristus per the established transliteration standard for the ongoing proper-name/title usage; reserve Sang Mesias for contexts foregrounding the OT-promise/fulfillment category specifically (e.g., 2:30-31).
Divination Spirit
Approved rendering: roh tenung
Transliteration: pneuma pythōna
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: framing as a legitimate parallel power to Roh Suci
Original: πνεῦμα πύθωνα
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
New Critical term for Acts, to be enforced with the same non-negotiable priority as the baseline’s existing Critical terms. Occurs at 16:16. Directly confronts Javanese spirit-medium and divination practice (dhukun, indhang, ‘wong pintar’); must be presented unambiguously as a false, subordinate, expelled spirit under Christ’s authority, sharply contrasted with Roh Suci — never dignified as a real alternative power source.
High Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran
Transliteration: kabeneran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Acts 10:35; 13:10; 17:31; 24:25.
Justification
Approved rendering: kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιωθῆναι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Key occurrence at Acts 13:38-39, where Paul’s Antioch sermon makes the identical Romans 3:20-28 forensic-justification argument in narrative-sermon form; must render identically for cross-document consistency.
Called
Approved rendering: katimbalan
Transliteration: katimbalan
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly at Acts 2:39.
Calling
Approved rendering: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually present throughout Acts’ calling narratives (9:15; 13:2; 16:9-10).
Holy
Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout Acts, notably as the Christological title ‘the Holy One’ (3:14).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pensucen
Transliteration: pensucen
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptual in Acts, cf. 20:32; 26:18. Must be kept visibly distinct from the new Acts-specific ceremonial purification rite (resik-resik pinurih, 21:24, 26).
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout Acts, especially the double-Kyrios OT quotation at 2:34 and the salvation confession at 16:31; every occurrence needs context establishing exclusive supremacy, not keraton deference language.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: cemer
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:38; 3:19; 5:31; 7:60; 10:43; 13:38; 22:16; 26:18, closely tied to the new Acts term ‘remission of sins’.
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 7:2, 55; 12:23; 22:11.
Covenant
Approved rendering: prajanjian
Transliteration: prajanjian
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη (concept)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 3:25; 7:8, underlying the Davidic and Abrahamic covenant references throughout Peter’s and Stephen’s speeches.
Election
Approved rendering: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: ἐκλογή (concept)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 9:15 (Paul as ‘a chosen vessel’); 13:48; 22:14. NEVER wahyu.
Providence
Approved rendering: pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan
Transliteration: pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: pesthi, nrimo ing pandum
Original: πρόνοια (concept)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:23; 4:28; 17:26; 20:27; 27:23-24, including the storm-and-shipwreck narrative — the fullest sustained test of this fencing in either curriculum. NEVER bare pesthi or nrimo ing pandum.
Father
Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: Rama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:4, 7; 2:33. NEVER Leluhur — see new Acts term ‘god_of_our_fathers’ for the one narrow, historically-anchored exception referring to the OT patriarchs, which must be kept sharply distinct from this devotional/relational sense.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: tedhak turune Dawud
Transliteration: tedhak turune Dawud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ (concept)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:30; 13:23.
Repentance
Approved rendering: mratobat
Transliteration: metanoia / metanoeō
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Repentance and Baptism
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:38; 3:19; 5:31; 8:22; 11:18; 17:30; 19:4; 20:21; 26:20. Shares vocabulary with Islamic tobat; no better native alternative exists, so the term is retained but must be anchored explicitly, every occurrence, to turning toward Christ and trusting his atoning work, not generic religious remorse or ritual amends.
Baptism
Approved rendering: baptisan / mbaptis
Transliteration: baptisma / baptizō
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Rejected alternatives: siraman, kungkum
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Repentance and Baptism
New term for Acts. Occurs at 1:5; 2:38, 41; 8:12-13, 36-38; 9:18; 10:47-48; 16:15, 33; 18:8; 19:3-5. Must be taught as public identification with Christ’s death/resurrection and covenant entry, never ceremonial ritual bathing (siraman) or ascetic power-building river immersion (kungkum).
Tongues Languages
Approved rendering: basa liya / maneka basa
Transliteration: glōssai / heterai glōssai
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: basa roh (trance-speech register)
Original: γλῶσσαι / ἑτέραι γλῶσσαι
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:4, 11; 10:46; 19:6. Real, known human languages, confirmed by hearers’ comprehension (2:6, 8, 11), which must be preserved in translation. Must not be conflated with the trance-speech (‘basa roh’) produced by Javanese spirit-mediums (indhang, wong pintar) during divination sessions.
Pour Out Spirit
Approved rendering: ngesokaken
Transliteration: ekcheō
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: sesaji-style libation framing
Original: ἐκχέω
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:17-18, 33. Must not evoke the Javanese ritual practice of pouring out offerings/libations (sesaji) to territorial or ancestral spirits to secure favor; this is God’s own free, generous self-giving, not an appeasement offering directed at him. Ensure subject-clarity (Gusti Allah as the one pouring out).
Vision
Approved rendering: paningalan
Transliteration: horama / horasis
Doctrine: Conversion of Paul
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: ὅραμα / ὅρασις
Category: Divine Revelation
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:17; 9:10, 12; 10:3, 17, 19; 11:5; 16:9-10; 18:9; 26:19. NEVER wahyu (the forbidden baseline term for the impersonal, transferable royal-legitimation mandate-light). A vision is a personal disclosure from God to an individual believer, carrying no claim to political or dynastic legitimacy — central to Paul’s Damascus-road, Peter’s Joppa, and Cornelius’s visions.
Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: tandha lan kaelokan
Transliteration: sēmeia kai terata
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: mukjizat
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:19, 22, 43; 4:16, 22, 30; 5:12; 6:8; 8:6, 13; 14:3; 15:12. Avoid the widely used loanword mukjizat (from Arabic mu’jizat), which in the surrounding Islamic apologetic tradition specifically denotes proof-miracles authenticating a recognized prophet’s claim; this native compound presents apostolic signs as evidence of the risen, reigning Christ’s authority, not prophethood-authentication.
Mighty Work Miracle
Approved rendering: pakaryan panguwaos
Transliteration: dynamis (countable sense)
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις (countable sense)
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:22; 8:13; 19:11. Distinct from but rooted in panguwaosipun Gusti Allah (the abstract sense of God’s power); NEVER kasekten. The apostle is a conduit, never a potency-bearer.
Remission Of Sins
Approved rendering: pangapunten dosa
Transliteration: aphesis hamartiōn
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Rejected alternatives: utang budi framing (a gradually repaid debt)
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Repentance and Baptism
New term for Acts, built on the baseline sin → dosa term. Occurs at 2:38; 5:31; 10:43; 13:38; 26:18. Must convey full, immediate forgiveness through Christ’s finished work received at repentance, not a debt worked off gradually or an absolution requiring a fixed ritual formula for efficacy.
Call On Name Of Lord
Approved rendering: nyebut asmanipun Gusti
Transliteration: epikaleomai to onoma Kyriou
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Rejected alternatives: jampi (protective incantation/mantra)
Original: ἐπικαλέομαι τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου
Category: Repentance and Baptism
New term for Acts, built on the baseline Gusti term. Occurs at 2:21; 22:16. Must be clearly personal, trust-filled address to the Lord Jesus for rescue, never an incantation or protective mantra invoking a powerful name for magical effect.
Determinate Counsel Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: pepakoning Gusti Allah ingkang sampun katemtokaken saha kawuningan rumiyin
Transliteration: boulē / prognōsis
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: pesthi
Original: βουλή / πρόγνωσις
Category: Providence
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:23; 4:28; 20:27. Extends the baseline providence doctrine into the crucifixion itself: the cross was God’s personal, purposive plan, not impersonal fate. NEVER shorten in a way that collapses into bare pesthi.
Hades Realm Of Dead
Approved rendering: jagading tiyang pejah
Transliteration: Hadēs
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: neraka
Original: Ἅιδης
Category: Resurrection of Christ
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:27, 31. Must be explicitly distinguished from neraka (final punishment-hell, a category shared with Islamic eschatology); the point is that Christ’s soul was not abandoned to the temporary state of death, not a statement about escaping final judgment.
Exalted
Approved rendering: kaunggahaken
Transliteration: hypsoō
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu-style conferred mandate framing
Original: ὑψόω
Category: Lordship of Christ
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:33; 5:31. Must not be softened into human-conferred honor, nor read through the lens of a wahyu-style conferred mandate; this is God’s own act of lifting Christ to supreme heavenly authority.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: tetak
Transliteration: peritomē
Doctrine: Justification apart from the Law
Original: περιτομή
Category: Justification apart from the Law
New term for Acts. Occurs at 7:8; 10:45; 11:2-3; 15:1, 5; 16:3; 21:21. Shares vocabulary with Islamic khitan and Javanese adat sunatan (a rite-of-passage practice largely disconnected from soteriology); the rendering must clarify that the Jerusalem Council’s question is narrowly soteriological — whether Gentile believers must undergo Mosaic-covenant circumcision to be saved (the Council rules no) — not a general statement about the cultural or religious practice as such.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: tumpangan tangan
Transliteration: epithesis tōn cheirōn
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: kasekten-transfer framing
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
New term for Acts. Occurs at 6:6; 8:17-19; 9:17; 13:3; 19:6; 28:8. Must avoid any implication that touch transmits impersonal spiritual potency (as in some Javanese healing/initiation practices where a healer’s or guru’s touch is believed to transfer kasekten); the Spirit’s own sovereign action does the empowering, not the hands themselves.
Sorcery Magic
Approved rendering: tenung
Transliteration: mageia / goēteia
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Original: μαγεία / γοητεία
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
New term for Acts. Occurs at 8:9, 11; 13:6, 8; 19:19. Stages a direct contrast between apostolic Spirit-empowerment and magical arts practiced for personal gain, of high pastoral relevance given the prevalence of dukun/tenung practice in Javanese folk religion.
Idol
Approved rendering: brahala
Transliteration: eidōlon
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
New term for Acts. Occurs at 15:20; 17:16; 19:26, 35. Must be taught as a critique of worshiping a created representation as though divine, with careful, non-confrontational pastoral framing to avoid unnecessary collision with culturally significant heritage objects (e.g., keris, punden shrine markers).
The Way
Approved rendering: Margi
Transliteration: hē hodos
Doctrine: Conversion of Paul
Rejected alternatives: tarekat
Original: ἡ ὁδός
Category: Conversion and Calling
New term for Acts. Occurs at 9:2; 19:9, 23; 22:4; 24:14, 22. Must NOT be rendered with any cognate of tarekat, the Arabic/Sufi loanword also meaning ‘the Way,’ used broadly in Javanese Islamic mystical tradition for a spiritual path; Margi (the plain native Javanese word for ‘path’) preserves the early church’s self-designation without importing that specific religious framework.
Clean Unclean
Approved rendering: resik / najis
Transliteration: katharos / koinos
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: καθαρός / κοινός
Category: Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
New term for Acts. Occurs at 10:14-15, 28; 11:8-9. Najis is shared technical vocabulary with Islamic ritual-purity law (fiqh); the rendering must anchor Peter’s vision to the specific redemptive-historical point that God has set aside Mosaic ceremonial food/purity distinctions in view of Gentile inclusion — not a general or comparative statement about purity-law traditions.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: gesang langgeng
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: roh leluhur continuing-presence framing
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
New term for Acts. Occurs at 13:46, 48. Must convey endless, personal, conscious life with God, distinct from any impersonal cyclical continuation of existence or a continuing presence among ancestral spirits (roh leluhur) in kejawen belief.
God Of Our Fathers
Approved rendering: Gusti Allahing para leluhur kita
Transliteration: ho theos tōn paterōn hēmōn
Doctrine: Conversion of Paul
Rejected alternatives: unrestricted leluhur usage
Original: ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν
Category: Conversion and Calling
New term for Acts, the single most delicate case in the glossary. Occurs at 22:14; 24:14; 26:6; 28:25. This narrow, historically-anchored use of leluhur (the OT patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, Jacob) must be sharply distinguished from the baseline’s forbidden use of Leluhur as a substitute for Rama (Father) in a devotional/relational sense; must never drift toward or reinforce ancestor-veneration practice (slametan devotion to family leluhur). Mandatory translator note required at every single occurrence; flagged for human theologian review every time, not sampled.
Power Of Satan
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Iblis/Setan
Transliteration: exousia tou Satana
Doctrine: Conversion of Paul
Rejected alternatives: dualistic paired-power framing
Original: ἐξουσία τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Conversion and Calling
New term for Acts. Occurs at 26:18. Must be presented as real but subordinate and ultimately defeated, never as an equal and opposite cosmic force paired with God’s power, avoiding resonance with dualistic paired-power concepts sometimes present in kejawen cosmology.
Prince Author Of Life
Approved rendering: Pangarsaning gesang
Transliteration: archēgos tēs zōēs
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: pangeran (dynastic-succession title)
Original: ἀρχηγὸς τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Deity of Christ
New term for Acts. Occurs at 3:15. Must convey Christ as the source and originator of life itself, not a ‘prince’ in the dynastic-succession sense carried by Javanese royal titles; avoid resonance with keraton succession language.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Putraning Manungsa
Transliteration: huios tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: conflation with Putrané Gusti Allah
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Deity of Christ
New term for Acts. Occurs at 7:56. A Daniel-7 exalted/judging/reigning title, distinct from Putrané Gusti Allah (Son of God) and must not be conflated with it; both must remain lexically distinguishable so learners do not read ‘Son of Man’ as merely emphasizing ordinary humanity.
Test Tempt The Spirit
Approved rendering: nyoba Roh Suci
Transliteration: peirazō to pneuma Kyriou
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: πειράζω τὸ πνεῦμα Κυρίου
Category: Church as Community
New term for Acts. Occurs at 5:9 (Ananias and Sapphira). Warns against treating the Spirit’s presence within the believing community lightly or manipulatively; reinforces Roh Suci’s Critical, personal status as one who cannot be tested or managed.
Ascension
Approved rendering: kaunggahaken menyang swarga
Transliteration: anelēmphthē (analambanō)
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: conflation with wungu saka pati
Original: ἀνελήμφθη (ἀναλαμβάνω)
Category: Christology
New term for Acts. Occurs at 1:9-11. Christ’s bodily ascent into heaven forty days after resurrection; conceptually parallel to but distinct from wungu saka pati — the two must never be conflated as the same event.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly in Acts (8:25, 35; 15:7; 20:24) for the same specific proclamation of salvation through Christ.
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit at every Acts occurrence (3:16; 6:5, 7; 11:24; 13:8; 14:9, 22, 27; 16:5, 31; 20:21; 26:18).
Apostle
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Most frequently occurring term across Acts (1:2, 26; 2:37, 42-43; 4:33, 35-37; 5:2, 12, 18, 29, 34, 40; 6:6; 8:1, 14, 18; 9:27; 11:1; 14:4, 14; 15:2, 4, 6, 22-23, 33; 16:4). NEVER rasul. NOTE: the traditional Javanese book title for Acts retains ‘Rasul’ as a fixed proper-noun form per established Bible-printing convention (see 12_ai_translation_requirements.md citation conventions) — this book-title usage is distinct from this doctrinal glossary term used in running text, mirroring the Messiah/Kristus title-vs-term distinction below.
Saints
Approved rendering: para suci
Transliteration: para suci
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 9:13, 32, 41; 26:10. NEVER wali.
Peace
Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: katentreman
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 9:31; 10:36; 15:33.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: peparing Roh Suci
Transliteration: peparing Roh Suci
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: χάρισμα (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually linked to the new Acts term ‘gift of the Holy Spirit’ (peparingipun Roh Suci, 2:38); distinguish the foundational conversion-gift from ongoing service-gifts sharing the same root vocabulary.
Church
Approved rendering: pasamuwan
Transliteration: pasamuwan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: punden
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Central term for ‘The Church as Community’ (2:47; 5:11; 8:1, 3; 9:31; 11:22, 26; 12:1, 5; 13:1; 14:23, 27; 15:3-4, 22, 41; 16:5; 18:22; 20:17, 28).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:3, 6; 8:12; 14:22; 19:8; 20:25; 28:23, 31, framing the book’s opening question and closing summary; the disciples’ misreading of it as a restored political/national kingdom (1:6) is a useful teaching contrast against an earthly keraton.
Law
Approved rendering: angger-anggering Toret
Transliteration: angger-anggering Toret
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: hukum agami
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Central term for ‘Justification apart from the Law’ and the circumcision debate (13:39; 15:5; 18:13; 21:20, 24, 28; 22:3, 12; 23:29; 24:14; 25:8; 28:23).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: bangsa liya
Transliteration: bangsa liya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Central term for ‘The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles’ (9:15; 10:45; 11:1, 18; 13:46-48; 14:27; 15:3, 7, 12, 14, 19, 23; 18:6; 21:19, 21, 25; 22:21; 26:17, 20, 23; 28:28). Do NOT use for diaspora Jews ‘of every nation’ at Acts 2:5-9; render those as ‘saben bangsa’ instead.
Intercession
Approved rendering: pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya
Transliteration: pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: nyuwun berkah ing kuburan
Original: ἔντευξις (concept)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 12:5, 12 (the church praying for Peter’s release) and 8:24.
Mission
Approved rendering: pekabaran Injil
Transliteration: pekabaran Injil
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:8; 13:2-4; 22:21, the missionary-sending pattern structuring the whole book.
David
Approved rendering: Dawud
Transliteration: Dawud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:16; 2:25, 29, 34; 4:25; 7:45; 13:22, 34, 36; 15:16.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:6; 2:22, 36; 3:12; 4:8, 10, 27; 5:21, 31; 7:23, 37, 42; 9:15; 10:36; 13:16-17, 23-24; 21:28; 26:7; 28:20.
Pentecost
Approved rendering: Pentakosta
Transliteration: Pentēkostē
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: sedhekah bumi (native harvest-ritual paraphrase)
Original: Πεντηκοστή
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
New term for Acts. Established Indonesian-archipelago Christian transliteration. Occurs at 2:1; 20:16. Requires an explanatory note anchoring it as a specific dated Jewish festival fifty days after Passover, not a recurring local seasonal harvest ceremony.
Tongues Fire
Approved rendering: ilat-ilating geni
Transliteration: glōssai hōsei pyros
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:3 only. A flame-shaped visual theophany sign, rendered as a simile; must be kept lexically distinct from ‘tongues_languages’ below and not confused with any local fire-spirit belief.
Dream
Approved rendering: impen
Transliteration: enypnion
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: primbon dream-omen framing
Original: ἐνύπνιον
Category: Divine Revelation
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:17. Distinguish from the omen-interpretation tradition of Javanese primbon dream-almanac divination; the dream’s authority rests entirely on its divine source, not a fixed cultural symbol-key.
Witness
Approved rendering: seksi
Transliteration: martys
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Persecution and Bold Witness
New term for Acts. Occurs at 1:8, 22; 2:32; 3:15; 5:32; 10:39, 41; 13:31; 22:15, 20; 26:16. Spirit-empowered eyewitness testimony to the risen Christ; anticipates but must not be collapsed into the later technical ‘martyr’ sense (developed narratively at Stephen’s death, ch. 7).
Boldness
Approved rendering: kekendelan
Transliteration: parrēsia
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: παρρησία
Category: Persecution and Bold Witness
New term for Acts. Occurs at 4:13, 29, 31; 9:27-28; 13:46; 14:3; 18:26; 19:8; 26:26; 28:31. Spirit-given courage under threat; must be modeled operating within respectful Javanese speech register (unggah-ungguh), not as brashness, so bold witness is not misread as culturally inappropriate confrontation.
Persecution
Approved rendering: panganiaya
Transliteration: diōgmos
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: διωγμός
Category: Persecution and Bold Witness
New term for Acts. Occurs at 8:1; 11:19; 13:50. Standard descriptive term for hostile pressure against believers because of gospel witness.
Corruption
Approved rendering: karisakan
Transliteration: diaphthora
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: διαφθορά
Category: Resurrection of Christ
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:27, 31; 13:34-37. Reinforces the Critical bodily-resurrection doctrine: Christ’s body did not decompose, a claim that must not be flattened into a merely spiritual, non-bodily resurrection.
Sanhedrin
Approved rendering: Sanhedrin
Transliteration: Synedrion
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: Συνέδριον
Category: Church as Community
New term for Acts. Occurs at 4:15; 5:21, 27, 34, 41; 6:12, 15; 22:30; 23:1, 6, 15, 20, 28; 24:20. Transliterate with the explanatory gloss ‘Pradata Agunging Yahudi’ (the great Jewish ruling council) at first occurrence only.
Elders
Approved rendering: pinituwa
Transliteration: presbyteroi
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Church as Community
New term for Acts. Occurs at 11:30; 14:23; 15:2, 4, 6, 22-23; 16:4; 20:17; 21:18. Must be understood as an appointed church office of spiritual oversight, not merely village elder status conferred by age or adat custom.
Overseer Shepherd
Approved rendering: pangarsa pasamuwan / pamomong
Transliteration: episkopos / poimēn
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ποιμήν
Category: Church as Community
New term for Acts. Occurs at 20:28. Distinguish this Spirit-appointed, sacrificial pastoral care role from inherited social authority patterns in village or adat leadership structures.
Angel
Approved rendering: malaekat
Transliteration: angelos
Doctrine: Divine Revelation
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut, danyang
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Divine Revelation
New term for Acts, given cumulative treatment across the book (5:19; 8:26; 10:3; 12:7-10, 23; 27:23). Shared loanword with Islamic malaikat; retain the sense of a personal, obedient created heavenly being who serves God’s purposes, not a name for ancestral or nature spirits within kejawen cosmology.
Unknown God Divine Nature
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah ingkang dèrèng katingal / kaallahan
Transliteration: agnōstos theos / to theion
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἄγνωστος θεός / τὸ θεῖον
Category: Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
New term for Acts. Occurs at 17:23, 29. Paul’s Areopagus apologetic bridge-terms from existing religious longing to the truly knowable, personal Gusti Allah; a valuable model for engaging kejawen religious sensibility respectfully without conceding that all traditions already know God equally.
Conscience
Approved rendering: kalbu
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Justification apart from the Law
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Justification apart from the Law
New term for Acts. Occurs at 23:1; 24:16. Ties to Paul’s clear conscience despite the Law’s demands.
Yoke
Approved rendering: pikulan
Transliteration: zygos
Doctrine: Justification apart from the Law
Original: ζυγός
Category: Justification apart from the Law
New term for Acts. Occurs at 15:10. Symbol of legal/ritual burden contrasted with sih-rahmat (grace); reinforces the baseline’s Critical grace doctrine that nothing is owed or repaid.
Purification Ceremonial
Approved rendering: resik-resik pinurih
Transliteration: hagnismos
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: ἁγνισμός
Category: Church as Community
New term for Acts. Occurs at 21:24, 26. A specific ceremonial Mosaic purification rite; keep visibly distinct from the baseline’s pensucen (ongoing sanctification) to avoid conflating ceremonial ritual purification with progressive sanctification.
Judgment To Come
Approved rendering: pangadilan ingkang badhe rawuh
Transliteration: to krima to mellon
Doctrine: Justification apart from the Law
Original: τὸ κρίμα τὸ μέλλον
Category: Universal Human Accountability
New term for Acts. Occurs at 24:25. Reinforces the baseline’s universal_human_accountability doctrine into the individual, forensic future.
Uttermost Part Of Earth
Approved rendering: pungkasaning bumi
Transliteration: heōs eschatou tēs gēs
Doctrine: The Great Commission Fulfilled
Original: ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς
Category: Mission
New structural key-phrase for Acts. Occurs at 1:8; 13:47. Must render identically at every occurrence for cross-document and full-book consistency — a consistency requirement, not a concept-collision risk.
Ministry Service
Approved rendering: paladosan
Transliteration: diakonia
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: διακονία
Category: Church as Community
New term for Acts. Occurs at 6:1, 4; 11:29; 12:25; 20:24; 21:19. Practical, Spirit-empowered care ministry; the underlying Hellenist/Hebrew widows dispute (ch. 6) foreshadows the Jew/Gentile equity theme developed later.
Restoration
Approved rendering: pambangunipun sedaya perkawis dados sae
Transliteration: apokatastasis
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: cyclical world-age return framing
Original: ἀποκατάστασις
Category: Kingdom Mission
New term for Acts. Occurs at 3:21. Must be taught as a future, Christ-accomplished renewal, not a cyclical world-age return as in some traditional cosmologies.
Refreshing
Approved rendering: kasegeran
Transliteration: anapsyxis
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: ἀνάψυξις
Category: Kingdom Mission
New term for Acts. Occurs at 3:19, paired with ‘restoration’ in Peter’s Solomon’s Portico sermon; standard descriptive vocabulary.
Held All Things Common
Approved rendering: gadhah sesarengan
Transliteration: koina (echō hapanta koina)
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Rejected alternatives: enforced adat communal-property framing
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:44; 4:32-35. Must be taught as voluntary, Spirit-prompted generosity, not an enforced economic system, to avoid confusion with communal-property expectations in some local adat traditions.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: pamuji sukur
Transliteration: pamuji sukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία (concept)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptual in Acts, cf. 27:35; 28:15.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: patunggilan
Transliteration: patunggilan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: kekancan
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Acts 2:42, foundational to the early church’s common life.
Prophet
Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: dhukun
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs frequently throughout Acts (2:16, 30; 3:18, 21-25; 7:37, 42, 48, 52; 8:28, 30, 34; 10:43; 11:27; 13:1, 20, 27, 40; 15:15, 32; 21:10; 24:14; 26:22, 27; 28:23).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: pameca
Transliteration: pameca
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: primbon
Original: προφητεία / προφητεύω
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:17-18; 11:27; 13:1; 19:6; 21:9-11.
Exhort
Approved rendering: pitutur
Transliteration: pitutur
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:40; 11:23; 14:22; 15:32; 16:40; 20:1-2.
Added To Church
Approved rendering: ditambahaken
Transliteration: prostithēmi
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: προστίθημι
Category: Church as Community
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:41, 47; 5:14; 11:24. Describes God’s own work of numerical church growth through the proclaimed word.
Christian
Approved rendering: Kristen
Transliteration: Christianos
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church as Community
New term for Acts. First occurs at 11:26 (Antioch); recurs at 26:28. Established loanword.
Vow
Approved rendering: kaul
Transliteration: euchē
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Rejected alternatives: nadar (as an unqualified equivalence)
Original: εὐχή
Category: Church as Community
New term for Acts. Occurs at 21:23, the Nazirite purification vow. Brief clarifying gloss recommended distinguishing this specific Mosaic ritual vow from generic personal vow-making practice.
Unhindered
Approved rendering: tanpa pambendung
Transliteration: akōlytōs
Doctrine: The Great Commission Fulfilled
Original: ἀκωλύτως
Category: Mission
New term for Acts. Occurs at 28:31, the book’s closing word. Capstone term for the fulfilled Great Commission; render consistently as the book’s final thematic word.
Barbarians
Approved rendering: tiyang manca
Transliteration: barbaroi
Doctrine: The Great Commission Fulfilled
Original: βάρβαροι
Category: Mission
New term for Acts. Occurs at 28:2, 4, descriptive of non-Greek-speaking Maltese islanders, not derogatory in source intent. Brief clarifying note recommended to prevent pejorative overtone in modern Javanese usage.
Breaking Of Bread
Approved rendering: mecah roti
Transliteration: klasis tou artou
Doctrine: The Church as Community
New term for Acts. Occurs at 2:42, 46. Communal-meal/Eucharistic background note recommended for teaching but not a high glossary-level risk term.
Referenced passages