Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Hebrews 1–13 (Javanese)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from the core passage (Hebrews 9:11-28) and the full chapter-by-chapter study of Hebrews 1-13. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are reused exactly as recorded there; this glossary marks them “Reused” and does not alter their rendering, risk tier, or notes. Terms unique to Hebrews are proposed fresh, following the same doctrine-aware, collision-aware method the baseline established, and are marked “New.”
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans translation_memory.json)
| Term | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Hebrews Occurrences / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | Injil | Medium | Implicit throughout (2:3, “such a great salvation… declared”); no new risk |
| grace | sih-rahmat | Critical | Heb 2:9; 4:16 (“throne of grace”); 10:29; 12:15; 12:28; 13:9. Frequent grace-vs-works-adjacent contrast (13:9, “strengthened by grace, not by foods”) — apply baseline validation rule |
| faith | pitados | Medium | Central to ch. 4, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13; object of faith (Christ/God) must remain clear in every occurrence |
| righteousness | kabeneran | High | Heb 1:9; 5:13; 7:2; 11:7; 11:33; 12:11 |
| justification | kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah | High | Not directly thematized in Hebrews as in Romans; retain for any occurrence of the forensic-declaration sense |
| salvation | kaslametan | Critical | Heb 1:14; 2:3, 10; 5:9; 6:9; 7:25; 9:28; 10:39. Every occurrence, especially 9:28, requires the mandatory slametan-distinguishing translator note; Hebrews’ own polemic against repeated ritual reinforces this note |
| apostle | utusan | Medium | Heb 3:1, uniquely applied to Christ himself (“the apostle and high priest of our confession”) |
| called / calling | katimbalan / katimbalanipun Gusti Allah | High | Heb 3:1 (“heavenly calling”); 5:4 (Aaron); 9:15 (“those who are called”) |
| holy | suci | High | Pervasive — Kémah Suci, Roh Suci, Panggonan Kang Mahasuci, para suci |
| saints | para suci | Medium | Heb 3:1 (“holy brothers”); 6:10 (“ministered to the saints”) |
| sanctification | pensucen | High | Heb 2:11; 9:13; 10:10, 14, 29; 13:12 — central to the atonement argument |
| resurrection | wungu saka pati | Critical | Heb 6:2; 11:35; 13:20 (Christ “brought up from the dead”) |
| lord | Gusti | High | Heb 1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 13:20 (God of peace); Psalm 110 double-”Lord” quotation in 1:13 requires a translator note (YHWH vs. adoni both rendered Gusti in context) |
| son_of_god | Putrané Gusti Allah | Critical | Heb 4:14; 6:6; 7:3; 10:29 |
| incarnation | Gusti Allah dados manungsa | Critical | Underlies Heb 2:14 (“flesh and blood”); 10:5 (“a body you prepared for me”) |
| peace | katentreman | Medium | Heb 7:2; 12:11, 14; 13:20 |
| thanksgiving | pamuji sukur | Low | Heb 13:15 (“sacrifice of praise”) |
| fellowship | patunggilan | Low | Heb 13:16 (koinōnia, “to share”) |
| church | pasamuwan | Medium | Heb 2:12 (quoting Ps 22); 12:23 (“assembly of the firstborn”) |
| kingdom_of_god | Kratoning Gusti Allah | Medium | Heb 1:8; 12:28 (“a kingdom that cannot be shaken”) |
| law | angger-anggering Toret | Medium | Pervasive in ch. 7-10 |
| sin | dosa | High | Pervasive throughout |
| glory | kamulyan | High | Heb 1:3; 2:9-10; 3:3; 13:21 |
| power_of_god | panguwaosipun Gusti Allah | Critical | Implicit in Heb 1:3 (“upholding the universe by the word of his power”) |
| messiah | Sang Mesias | Critical | Reserved for explicit fulfillment/title contexts; “Christos” as a name is rendered Kristus (see Section C) |
| prophet | nabi | Low | Heb 1:1 |
| prophecy | pameca | Low | Implicit background to ch. 1 OT catena |
| covenant | prajanjian | High | Central term, ch. 7-10, 12-13 |
| election | pepilihanipun Gusti Allah | High | Not prominent in Hebrews; retain if election language occurs (e.g., 11:25, Moses “choosing”) |
| intercession | pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya | Medium | Heb 7:25 — direct match |
| providence | pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan | High | Thematically present in 13:5-6; God’s personal faithfulness, not fate |
| exhort | pitutur | Low | Heb 3:13; 10:25; 13:22 |
| david | Dawud | Medium | Not named directly but background to Davidic/Judah lineage references (7:14) |
| israel | Israel | Medium | Heb 8:8, 10 (New Covenant quotation) |
| jesus | Gusti Yesus | Critical | Pervasive |
| god | Gusti Allah | Critical | Pervasive |
| holy_spirit | Roh Suci | Critical | Heb 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8, 14; 10:15, 29 |
| father | Rama | High | Heb 1:5; 12:9 (“Father of spirits”) |
| abba | Abba | Medium | Not used in Hebrews; retain baseline entry for cross-document consistency only |
| seed_of_david | tedhak turune Dawud | High | Background only; not directly quoted in Hebrews |
| imputed_righteousness | kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah | Critical | Not directly thematized; retain for any occurrence of the imputation concept |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by Hebrews, Organized by Curriculum Doctrine
B1. The Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Rejected Alternatives / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| angel | ἄγγελος / angelos | malaékat | Medium | 1:4-14; 2:2, 5, 7, 9, 16; 12:22; 13:2 | None rejected — malaékat is established shared Christian/Islamic vocabulary; must be taught as created, subordinate “ministering spirits” (1:14), never conflated with kejawen unseen-world beings (lelembut, dhemit — already forbidden for Holy Spirit) nor granted a mediating role between believers and God |
| worship (of the Son) | προσκυνέω / proskyneō | sujud nyembah | High | 1:6 | Must be distinguished from ordinary court-protocol deference (sembah to a king or social superior); this is exclusive divine worship commanded even of angels |
| household/house | οἶκος / oikos | griya Gusti Allah / brayat Gusti Allah | Medium | 3:2-6 | Moses served in it; Christ, as Son, rules over it |
| servant (of the house) | θεράπων / therapōn | abdi | Medium | 3:5 | Contrasted with huios (“Son”); Moses’ subordinate status |
| priest | ἱερεύς / hiereus | imam | High | 5:6; 7:1, 3, 11, 14, 15, 20, 23; 8:4; 9:6; 10:11 | Shared vocabulary with Islamic “imam” (prayer leader); must always be anchored to the sacrificial, mediating, atoning office, never reduced to a worship-leading role |
| high priest | ἀρχιερεύς / archiereus | Imam Agung | Critical | 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1, 5, 10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1, 3; 9:7, 11, 25; 10:21; 13:11 | Central title of the whole epistle; same collision risk as “imam” above, at Critical intensity because it is Christ’s defining office in the book |
| priesthood | ἱερωσύνη / hierōsynē | pangimaman | High | 7:11-12, 24 | New coinage (imam + pang-…-an, “the office/institution of priesthood”); change of priesthood requires change of law (7:12) |
| order (of Melchizedek) | τάξις / taxis | tataning | Medium | 5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:11, 17 | Used only in the fixed phrase “miturut tataning Melkisedhek” |
| Melchizedek | Μελχισέδεκ | Melkisedhek | Medium | 5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:1-17 | Proper name/type; must not be assimilated into any legendary Javanese king, wali, or ratu-adil figure |
| without genealogy | ἀγενεαλόγητος / agenealogētos | tanpa tedhak-turun ingkang kacathet | Medium | 7:3 | Typological description, not a literal biographical claim |
| guarantor / surety | ἔγγυος / engyos | penanggung | Medium | 7:22 | Christ personally guarantees the better covenant |
| tabernacle / tent | σκηνή / skēnē | Kémah Suci (earthly); Kémah ingkang langkung ageng saha langkung tuntas (heavenly, 9:11) | Medium | 8:2, 5; 9:1-8, 11, 21; 13:10 | Avoid “tarub” (Javanese ceremonial event-tent, culturally tied to weddings/slametan-adjacent customs) |
| copy / shadow / pattern | ὑπόδειγμα, σκιά, τύπος, ἀντίτυπος | gegambaran / wewayangan / pola | High | 8:5; 9:9, 23-24; 10:1 | ”Wewayangan” risks resonance with wayang shadow-puppet cosmology (shadow as illusion controlled by an unseen dalang); teach as a copy of a real heavenly original, not an illusory maya-image |
| Most Holy Place / holy places | τὰ ἅγια, τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων | Papan ingkang Mahasuci | High | 9:2-3, 8, 12, 24-25; 10:19 | Distinguish from general “suci”; this is God’s specific manifest-presence chamber |
| mercy seat / propitiation-place | ἱλαστήριον / hilastērion | Papan Pandamean | Critical | 9:5 (implicit background to 9:12-14) | New coinage; not generic interpersonal reconciliation (rukun) or village mediation custom — the specific God-ward atonement locus fulfilled in Christ |
B2. Christ as the Great High Priest
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| propitiation (verb) | ἱλάσκομαι / hilaskomai | netepi pandamean tumrap dosa | Critical | 2:17 | Christ’s priestly act of dealing with the guilt of sin before God |
| founder / pioneer | ἀρχηγός / archēgos | Pangarsa (full: Pangarsaning kaslametan) | Medium-High | 2:10; 12:2 | Avoid resemblance to a kejawen mystical guru pioneering a path of spiritual attainment; Christ’s pioneering is a unique historical act |
| learned obedience through suffering | ἔμαθεν… τὴν ὑπακοήν / emathen… tēn hypakoēn | sinau mbangun-turut saking sangsara | Critical | 5:8 | Christ’s genuine human learning-through-suffering without ceasing to be sinless |
| perfect / perfection (make complete) | τέλειος, τελειόω, τελειωτής, τελείωσις | katuntasan / nuntasaken / ingkang nuntasaken | Critical | 2:10; 5:9, 14; 6:1; 7:11, 19, 28; 9:9; 10:1, 14; 11:40; 12:2, 23 | NEVER kasampurnan (rejected — mystical/ascetic self-attained perfection, already forbidden by baseline for righteousness). Katuntasan (from tuntas, “brought fully to completion”) conveys reaching an intended goal through another’s finished work. New coinage; flagged for mandatory theologian review at every occurrence |
| unblemished | ἄμωμος / amōmos | tanpa cacad | Medium | 9:14 | Christ as the perfect sacrificial victim |
| conscience | συνείδησις / syneidēsis | swaraning batos | High | 9:9, 14; 10:2, 22; 13:18 | ”Batos/batin” strongly resonates with kebatinan, Javanese inner-mysticism traditions of cultivating the inner self through meditation/ascetic practice; must be taught as Christ’s objective, once-for-all cleansing applied to the conscience, not a self-attained mystical state |
| serve / worship (cultic) | λατρεύω, λατρεία / latreuō, latreia | ngabekti | Medium | 8:5; 9:1, 6, 9, 14; 10:2; 12:28; 13:10 | Devoted service/worship due to God alone |
| throne of grace | θρόνος τῆς χάριτος | dhampar sih-rahmat | Medium | 4:16 | Royal-court imagery (dhampar) combined with the Critical baseline term sih-rahmat |
| draw near | προσέρχομαι / proserchomai | sowan | Medium-High | 4:16; 7:25; 10:1, 22; 11:6; 12:18, 22 | ”Sowan” is the formal Javanese court term for approaching a royal presence; must convey that access is granted freely through Christ’s blood, not through court-protocol hierarchy requiring an intermediary official |
| boldness / confidence | παρρησία / parrhesia | kekendelan | Medium | 3:6; 4:16; 10:19, 35 | Confidence before God grounded in Christ’s finished work |
B3. The New Covenant versus the Old
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| new covenant | διαθήκη καινή / diathēkē kainē | prajanjian anyar | Critical | 8:8, 13; 9:15; 12:24 | Reuses baseline covenant term prajanjian + anyar; contrasted throughout with prajanjian ingkang rumiyin (“the first/old covenant”) |
| mediator | μεσίτης / mesitēs | juru pantara | Critical | 8:6; 9:15; 12:24 | Christ personally secures and guarantees the covenant relationship between God and his people |
| made obsolete | πεπαλαίωκεν / pepalaiōken | ndadosaken lawas | High | 8:13 | The New Covenant announcement itself renders the Sinai covenant obsolete |
| covenant/testament wordplay | διαθήκη / diathēkē (dual sense) | prajanjian (with mandatory translator note) | Critical | 9:16-17 | Untranslatable Greek pun (covenant / last will); requires an explicit exegetical footnote rather than a lexical solution |
| inauguration (of a covenant) | ἐγκαινίζω / enkainizō | kadhawuhaken kanthi rah | Medium | 9:18 | The blood-ratification ceremony of Exodus 24 |
| blood of the covenant | αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης / haima tēs diathēkēs | rahing prajanjian | Critical | 9:20; 10:29; 13:20 | Direct echo of Exodus 24:8 and the Lord’s Supper institution words; render identically across all occurrences for cross-document consistency |
B4. The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| once for all | ἐφάπαξ / ephapax | sepisan kagem salaminipun | Critical | 7:27; 9:12; 10:10 | The single most important recurring adverb in the book; never softened to “once again” |
| once (single occurrence) | ἅπαξ / hapax | sepisan | Critical | 6:4; 9:7, 26, 27, 28; 10:2; 12:26, 27 | Twin term to ephapax; reinforces the never-repeated nature of Christ’s sacrifice |
| sacrifice / offer | θυσία, προσφέρω / thysia, prospherō | kurban / ngaturaken kurban | Critical | Pervasive: 5:1, 3; 7:27; 8:3; 9:9, 23, 26, 28; 10:1, 5, 8, 10-14, 18, 26; 11:4; 13:15-16 | ”Kurban” shares vocabulary with the Islamic Idul Adha sacrificial festival; every occurrence applied to Christ requires a note that his kurban is unrepeatable and completed, unlike the annual qurban re-enactment |
| blood | αἷμα / haima | rah (krama register) | High | Pervasive throughout ch. 9-10, 13 | Central atonement-theology term; must be anchored to substitutionary atonement, never to notions of magical/mystical potency associated with blood in Javanese keris-lore or blood-oath customs |
| sprinkle / sprinkling | ῥαντίζω, ῥαντισμός / rhantizō, rhantismos | nyirat / panyiratan | High | 9:13, 19, 21; 10:22; 12:24 | Parallel risk-pattern to kaslametan/slametan: risks conflation with siraman, the Javanese ritual bathing/sprinkling ceremony (e.g., pre-wedding siraman, Siraman Pusaka on 1 Suro); requires the same “established term + mandatory clarifying note” treatment |
| purify / cleanse | καθαρίζω / katharizō | nyucekaken | High | 9:14, 22-23; 10:2 | Reuses “suci” root; distinguish from ritual purification practices such as ruwatan (the Javanese misfortune-removal rite) |
| redemption | λύτρωσις, ἀπολύτρωσις / lytrōsis, apolytrōsis | panebusan | High | 9:12, 15 | Distinguish from tebus/tebusan, the ordinary Javanese practice of redeeming a pawned item; this is redemption from sin’s guilt by blood, not property |
| forgiveness / release | ἄφεσις / aphesis | pangapunten | High | 9:22; 10:18 | Anchor to God’s judicial forgiveness secured by blood atonement, distinct from the interpersonal ritual forgiveness-seeking of sungkeman (customary forgiveness-asking at Lebaran) |
| dead works | νεκρὰ ἔργα / nekra erga | pandamelan ingkang mati | Medium | 6:1; 9:14 | Futile religious self-effort under the old system |
| put away / annul (sin) | ἀθέτησις / athetēsis | pambirat | Critical | 9:26 | Sin’s guilt and power decisively dealt with once, not postponed |
| curtain / veil | καταπέτασμα / katapetasma | geber | Medium | 6:19; 9:3; 10:20 | The tabernacle veil, torn to open access; Christ’s flesh is the “new and living way” |
| new and living way | ὁδὸς πρόσφατος καὶ ζῶσα | dalan ingkang anyar saha gesang | High | 10:20 | Permanent, direct access to God now opened for every believer |
| altar | θυσιαστήριον / thysiastērion | mesbeh | Medium | 13:10 | Established loanword; believers’ altar is Christ’s sacrifice itself |
| a second time (Second Coming) | ἐκ δευτέρου / ek deuterou | kaping kalihipun | Critical | 9:28 | A single, future, bodily return — never a recurring cyclical manifestation (cf. titisan, already forbidden) |
B5. The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| drift away | παραρρέω / pararreō | kèli / nyimpang alon-alon | High | 2:1 | Passive, gradual neglect of the gospel |
| fall away / apostatize | ἀφίστημι, παραπίπτω / aphistēmi, parapiptō | nyimpang saking Gusti Allah kang gesang / panyimpangan | Critical | 3:12; 6:6 | Central apostasy-doctrine terms; decisive turning away from God |
| crucify again | ἀνασταυρόω / anastauroō | nyalib malih | Critical | 6:6 | Apostasy re-enacts the crime of the crucifixion in effect |
| sinning deliberately | ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω / hekousiōs hamartanō | ndamel dosa kanthi jiwa jelas | Critical | 10:26 | Knowing, willful rejection of the truth already received |
| outraging the Spirit of grace | ἐνυβρίζω τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος | ngremehaken Roh Suci ingkang mbekta sih-rahmat | Critical | 10:29 | Apostasy as a direct personal insult against the Holy Spirit |
| shrink back | ὑποστέλλω / hypostellō | mundur | High | 10:38-39 | Contrasted with faith that preserves the soul |
| repentance | μετάνοια / metanoia | pamratobat | High | 6:1, 6; 12:17 | Shared vocabulary with Islamic “tobat”; anchor to Spirit-enabled turning toward God through Christ’s atonement, not a repeatable self-purification ritual |
| oath | ὅρκος / horkos | sumpah | High | 6:16-17; 7:20-21, 28 | Distinguish God’s unilateral, gracious self-guarantee from Javanese ritual oath-taking customs (e.g., sumpah pocong) |
B6. Faith of the Old Testament Saints
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| assurance / substance | ὑπόστασις / hypostasis | kayakinan | Medium-High | 11:1; 10:34; 3:14 | Confident grounding in the reality of what is promised, not wishful thinking |
| conviction / proof | ἔλεγχος / elenchos | bebeneripun | Medium | 11:1 | Evidential confidence regarding unseen realities |
| sojourners and exiles | παρεπίδημοι καὶ ξένοι / parepidēmoi kai xenoi | tiyang ngumbara saha manca | Medium | 11:13 | Patriarchal self-understanding as pilgrims awaiting a heavenly homeland |
| reproach (of Christ) | ὀνειδισμός / oneidismos | pahinan (full: pahinanipun Sang Kristus) | Medium | 11:26; 13:13 | Willingly borne shame for Christ’s sake |
| enlightened | φωτίζω / phōtizō | kapadhangan | High | 6:4; 10:32 | Risk of resonance with “pencerahan” (Buddhist/mystical enlightenment attainment common in Indonesian religious vocabulary); must be anchored to receiving gospel truth, not a mystical attainment state |
| reward / rewarder | μισθαποδότης / misthapodotēs | ingkang paring ganjaran | Low | 11:6 | God’s faithful response to those who seek him |
B7. Perseverance and Assurance
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| endurance | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | katabahan | Medium | 10:36; 12:1 | Steadfast perseverance under trial |
| race / contest | ἀγών / agōn | playon | Low | 12:1 | The believer’s life-course, run with endurance |
| discipline | παιδεία / paideia | pamardi | Medium | 12:5-11 | Fatherly formative correction, proof of true sonship — not merely punitive |
| illegitimate children | νόθοι / nothoi | anak ingkang boten sah | Medium | 12:8 | Absence of discipline would indicate one is not truly God’s child |
| peaceful fruit of righteousness | εἰρηνικὸς καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης | wohing kabeneran ingkang mbekta katentreman | Medium | 12:11 | The good result of God’s discipline, reusing baseline peace and righteousness terms |
| unshakeable kingdom | βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος | Kratoning Gusti Allah ingkang boten kena obah | Medium | 12:28 | Reuses baseline kingdom term |
| cloud of witnesses | νέφος μαρτύρων | gumolonging seksi | Low-Medium | 12:1 | The OT saints of ch. 11 as encouraging witnesses |
| assembly of the firstborn | ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων | pasamuwaning para pembarep | Medium | 12:23 | Reuses baseline church term; pembarep = firstborn, a familiar Javanese family-status term |
| great shepherd of the sheep | ὁ ποιμὴν τῶν προβάτων ὁ μέγας | Gembala Ageng ing wedhus-wedhusipun | Low-Medium | 13:20 | Christ as risen, ruling shepherd-king of his people |
B8. Access to God through Christ’s Blood
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| holy places | τὰ ἅγια / ta hagia | Papan ingkang Mahasuci | High | 9:8, 12, 24-25; 10:19 | See Section B1 |
| appear before God | ἐμφανίζω / emphanizō | ngatingal wonten ing ngarsanipun Gusti Allah | High | 9:24 | Christ’s permanent representative presence before the Father |
| full assurance of faith | πληροφορία πίστεως | kayakinan pitados ingkang tanpa mangu-mangu | Medium | 10:22 | Confident approach to God grounded in Christ’s finished work |
| hearts sprinkled clean | ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας | manah ingkang sampun kasiratan resik | High | 10:22 | Combines rhantizō (Section B4) with conscience-cleansing (Section B2) |
| bodies washed with pure water | λελουσμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ | badan ingkang sampun kawijikan toya ingkang resik | Medium | 10:22 | Baptismal echo; outward sign accompanying inward cleansing |
| intercede | ἐντυγχάνω / entynchanō | ndonga tetulung | High | 7:25 | Reuses baseline intercession term exactly |
Section C — Proper Names and Transliteration Standards (Hebrews-Specific)
| English | Greek | Javanese Form | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christ (as name/title) | Χριστός / Christos | Kristus | Per baseline transliteration standard; distinct from the doctrinal title Sang Mesias, reserved for explicit fulfillment contexts |
| Melchizedek | Μελχισέδεκ | Melkisedhek | New to this curriculum; established Indonesian-archipelago Bible spelling |
| Aaron | Ἀαρών / Aarōn | Harun | Established Indonesian-archipelago Bible form; same historical OT figure recognized across traditions, low collision risk (parallel to Musa/Dawud already in baseline) |
| Esau | Ἠσαῦ | Esap | Standard form |
| Abel | Ἅβελ | Habèl | Standard form |
| Enoch | Ἑνώχ | Hanokh | Standard form |
| Noah | Νῶε | Nuh (established) — CAUTION: shared with Islamic “Nabi Nuh”; retain as historical proper name per baseline’s Musa/Dawud precedent, but do not attach “Nabi” title | Low-Medium |
| Sarah | Σάρρα | Sara | Standard form |
| Rahab | Ῥαάβ | Rahab | Standard form |
| Zion | Σιών | Sion | New to this curriculum |
| Jerusalem (heavenly) | Ἱερουσαλήμ ἐπουράνιος | Yerusalem Swarga | New to this curriculum |
| Salem | Σαλήμ | Salem | Proper name, wordplay with “peace” (eirēnē) preserved via reuse of baseline katentreman |
Section D — Risk Tier Summary (Hebrews-Specific New Terms Only)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 19 | Human theologian review required for every occurrence |
| High | 21 | Human theologian review required |
| Medium | 24 | Native speaker review recommended |
| Low | 8 | Automated review sufficient |
Note: This summary covers only the new Hebrews-specific terms in Section B. Combined with the Section A baseline terms reused from Romans (which retain their original baseline risk tiers and routing), the complete Hebrews doctrine risk registry will be compiled in the next pipeline step (doctrine_risk_registry.json extension).
See analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter argumentation supporting every entry above.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: Never kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi. Heb 2:9; 4:16 (‘throne of grace’); 10:29; 12:15, 28; 13:9. Heb 13:9 contrasts grace with ritual food-observance; preserve the contrast. Inherited from Romans package.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: shares root with slametan ritual meal. Heb 1:14; 2:3, 10; 5:9; 6:9; 7:25; 9:28; 10:39. Hebrews’ own polemic against repeated ritual (9:25-26) reinforces the mandatory distinguishing note at every occurrence, especially 9:28. Inherited from Romans package.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: wungu saka pati
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL. Heb 6:2; 11:35; 13:20 (Christ ‘brought up from the dead’). Inherited from Romans package.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Putrané Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Putrané Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Heb 4:14; 6:6; 7:3; 10:29. Inherited from Romans package.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah dados manungsa
Transliteration: Gusti Allah dados manungsa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: manunggaling kawula gusti
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (theological category)
Category: Christology
Underlies Heb 2:14 (‘flesh and blood’); 10:5 (‘a body you prepared for me’). Never rendered through wayang stories of gods temporarily manifesting among mortals. Inherited from Romans package.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Implicit in Heb 1:3 (‘upholding the universe by the word of his power’). Inherited from Romans package.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Sang Mesias
Transliteration: Sang Mesias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Satrio Piningit
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Reserved for explicit fulfillment/title contexts; use Kristus as the ordinary proper-name form elsewhere. Inherited from Romans package.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Pervasive throughout Hebrews. Never Nabi Isa. Inherited from Romans package.
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Pervasive. Never shortened to bare Gusti. Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Heb 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8, 14; 10:15, 29. Inherited from Romans package.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan kang digayuh
Original: ἐλογίσθη…εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Not directly thematized in Hebrews; retain for any occurrence of the imputation concept. Inherited from Romans package.
High Priest
Approved rendering: Imam Agung
Transliteration: archiereus
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: imam (alone, insufficient)
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
CRITICAL: Heb 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1, 5, 10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1, 3; 9:7, 11, 25; 10:21; 13:11. The epistle’s central Christological title; carries the Islamic-imam collision at maximum intensity because it defines Christ’s saving office. Every occurrence needs context establishing sacrifice-offering and mediated access, never merely worship leadership. Reserved exclusively for Christ.
Order Of Melchizedek
Approved rendering: tataning Melkisedhek
Transliteration: taxis
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Original: τάξις
Category: Priesthood
Heb 5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:11, 17. Foundational to the entire priesthood argument of ch. 7; must not be diluted to a generic ‘type’ of priest.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: Papan Pandamean
Transliteration: hilastērion
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: rukun-based rendering
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Atonement
CRITICAL new coinage; Heb 9:5 (background to 9:12-14). Must not be confused with rukun (social-harmony ideal) or village dispute-mediation customs; the specific God-ward atonement locus fulfilled once-for-all in Christ.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: netepi pandamean tumrap dosa
Transliteration: hilaskomai
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Atonement
Heb 2:17. Must be distinguished from ordinary interpersonal reconciliation (rukun) or ritual conflict-resolution customs.
Learned Obedience
Approved rendering: sinau mbangun-turut saking sangsara
Transliteration: emathen…tēn hypakoēn
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: ἔμαθεν…τὴν ὑπακοήν
Category: Christology
Heb 5:8. Must preserve Christ’s full, genuine humanity without implying a moral deficiency requiring correction.
Perfection Teleioo
Approved rendering: katuntasan / nuntasaken / ingkang nuntasaken
Transliteration: teleios / teleioō / teleiōtēs / teleiōsis
Doctrine: Sanctification through Christ’s Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: τέλειος / τελειόω / τελειωτής / τελείωσις
Category: Sanctification
CRITICAL new coinage from tuntas (‘brought fully to completion’). Heb 2:10; 5:9, 14; 6:1; 7:11, 19, 28; 9:9; 10:1, 14; 11:40; 12:2, 23. NEVER kasampurnan (mystical/ascetic self-attained perfection). Conveys reaching an intended goal through another’s finished work.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: prajanjian anyar
Transliteration: diathēkē kainē
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη καινή
Category: Covenant
Heb 8:8, 13; 9:15; 12:24. Must be held in careful contrast with ‘prajanjian ingkang rumiyin’ (the first/old covenant) throughout ch. 8-10.
Mediator
Approved rendering: juru pantara
Transliteration: mesitēs
Doctrine: Christ as Mediator of the Covenant
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
Heb 8:6; 9:15; 12:24. New coinage. Christ personally and permanently secures the covenant relationship, not a temporary village go-between.
Covenant Testament Wordplay
Approved rendering: prajanjian (with mandatory translator note)
Transliteration: diathēkē (dual sense)
Doctrine: Covenant Inauguration by Blood
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
CRITICAL, untranslatable Greek pun (covenant / last will), Heb 9:16-17. No lexical solution exists in Javanese; requires a mandatory exegetical footnote rather than a coined word.
Blood Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: rahing prajanjian
Transliteration: haima tēs diathēkēs
Doctrine: Covenant Inauguration by Blood
Original: αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant
Heb 9:20; 10:29; 13:20. Direct echo of Exodus 24:8 and the Lord’s Supper institution words; render identically at every occurrence for cross-document consistency.
Once For All
Approved rendering: sepisan kagem salaminipun
Transliteration: ephapax
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: once again (softened rendering)
Original: ἐφάπαξ
Category: Atonement
CRITICAL: Heb 7:27; 9:12; 10:10. The single most important recurring adverb in Hebrews; never softened or treated as one instance among many.
Once Hapax
Approved rendering: sepisan
Transliteration: hapax
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Atonement
Heb 6:4; 9:7, 26, 27, 28; 10:2; 12:26, 27. Twin term to ephapax, reinforcing never-repeated sacrifice.
Sacrifice Offer
Approved rendering: kurban / ngaturaken kurban
Transliteration: thysia / prospherō
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσία / προσφέρω
Category: Atonement
CRITICAL: Heb 5:1, 3; 7:27; 8:3; 9:9, 23, 26, 28; 10:1, 5, 8, 10-14, 18, 26; 11:4; 13:15-16. ‘Kurban’ shares vocabulary with the Islamic Idul Adha sacrificial festival; every occurrence applied to Christ requires a note that his kurban is unrepeatable and completed, unlike the annual qurban re-enactment.
Put Away Sin
Approved rendering: pambirat
Transliteration: athetēsis
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀθέτησις
Category: Atonement
Heb 9:26. Sin’s guilt and power decisively dealt with, once, not postponed as under the old sacrificial system.
Second Coming
Approved rendering: kaping kalihipun
Transliteration: ek deuterou
Doctrine: The Second Coming of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἐκ δευτέρου
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL: Heb 9:28. A single, future, bodily return, never a recurring cyclical manifestation.
Fall Away Apostatize
Approved rendering: nyimpang saking Gusti Allah kang gesang
Transliteration: aphistēmi / parapiptō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀφίστημι / παραπίπτω
Category: Apostasy
CRITICAL: Heb 3:12; 6:6. Decisive, willful turning away from the living God, not mere doubt or struggle.
Crucify Again
Approved rendering: nyalib malih
Transliteration: anastauroō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀνασταυρόω
Category: Apostasy
Heb 6:6. Apostasy pictured as re-enacting the crime of crucifying Christ.
Sinning Deliberately
Approved rendering: ndamel dosa kanthi jiwa jelas boten mbangun-turut
Transliteration: hekousiōs hamartanō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Apostasy
Heb 10:26. The most severe apostasy warning in the book: knowing, willful, ongoing rejection of the truth already received.
Outraging Spirit Of Grace
Approved rendering: ngremehaken Roh Suci ingkang mbekta sih-rahmat
Transliteration: enybrizō to pneuma tēs charitos
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἐνυβρίζω τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος
Category: Apostasy
Heb 10:29. Combines two Critical terms (Roh Suci, sih-rahmat) into a single severe warning.
Bear The Sins Of Many
Approved rendering: nyanggi dosanipun tiyang kathah
Transliteration: pollōn anenenkein hamartias
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: πολλῶν ἀνενεγκεῖν ἁμαρτίας
Category: Atonement
Heb 9:28. Substitutionary bearing of the sins of many, echoing Isaiah 53; not a shared communal ritual burden.
Cause Of Eternal Salvation
Approved rendering: asal-usuling kaslametan langgeng
Transliteration: aitios sōtērias aiōniou
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: αἴτιος σωτηρίας αἰωνίου
Category: Priesthood
Heb 5:9. Reuses baseline kaslametan; requires mandatory ritual-distinguishing note.
Radiance Of Glory
Approved rendering: soroting kamulyanipun
Transliteration: apaugasma tēs doxēs
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Original: ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης
Category: Christology
Heb 1:3. Christ’s inherent, not derivative or conferred (wahyu-style), divine radiance.
Exact Imprint
Approved rendering: gegambaraning sejatosipun
Transliteration: charaktēr tēs hypostaseōs
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Original: χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως
Category: Christology
Heb 1:3. Christ’s essential unity with God’s own nature, not a derivative likeness or honorary title.
Christ Proper Name
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Per baseline transliteration standard; used as the ordinary proper-name form throughout Hebrews, distinct from the doctrinal title Sang Mesias reserved for explicit fulfillment contexts.
High Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran
Transliteration: kabeneran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Never kasampurnan. Heb 1:9; 5:13; 7:2; 11:7, 33; 12:11. Inherited from Romans package.
Justification
Approved rendering: kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Not directly thematized in Hebrews as in Romans; retain for any occurrence of the forensic-declaration sense. Inherited from Romans package.
Called
Approved rendering: katimbalan
Transliteration: katimbalan
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Heb 3:1 (‘heavenly calling’); 5:4 (Aaron); 9:15 (‘those who are called’). Inherited from Romans package.
Calling
Approved rendering: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Heb 3:1. Inherited from Romans package.
Holy
Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Pervasive: Kémah Suci, Roh Suci, Panggonan Kang Mahasuci, para suci. Inherited from Romans package.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pensucen
Transliteration: pensucen
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Heb 2:11; 9:13; 10:10, 14, 29; 13:12 — central to the atonement argument of the whole book. Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Heb 1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 13:20. Psalm 110 double-‘Lord’ quotation in Heb 1:13 (YHWH and adoni both rendered Gusti) requires a translator note clarifying two distinct referents. Inherited from Romans package.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: cemer
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Pervasive, especially ch. 9-10. Inherited from Romans package.
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Heb 1:3; 2:9-10; 3:3; 13:21. Inherited from Romans package.
Covenant
Approved rendering: prajanjian
Transliteration: prajanjian
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Central term throughout Heb 7-10, 12-13; kept distinct from the ‘new’/‘first’ qualifiers. Inherited from Romans package.
Election
Approved rendering: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Not prominent by name in Hebrews; retain for any occurrence of the choosing concept (cf. Moses ‘choosing,’ 11:25). Inherited from Romans package.
Providence
Approved rendering: pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan
Transliteration: pepesthenipun Gusti Allah kang kebak katresnan
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: pesthi, nrimo ing pandum
Original: πρόνοια (theological category)
Category: God
Thematically present in Heb 13:5-6 (‘I will never leave you nor forsake you’). Inherited from Romans package.
Father
Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: Rama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Heb 1:5; 12:9 (‘Father of spirits’). Inherited from Romans package.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: tedhak turune Dawud
Transliteration: tedhak turune Dawud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Background only in Hebrews (cf. Heb 7:14); not directly quoted. Inherited from Romans package.
Worship Of The Son
Approved rendering: sujud nyembah
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sembah (court deference alone)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology
Heb 1:6, ‘let all God’s angels worship him.’ Must be distinguished from ordinary keraton court-protocol deference; this is exclusive divine worship, decisive proof of deity.
Priest
Approved rendering: imam
Transliteration: hiereus
Doctrine: Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερεύς
Category: Priesthood
Heb 5:6; 7:1, 3, 11, 14, 15, 20, 23; 8:4; 9:6; 10:11. Shared vocabulary with Islamic ‘imam’ (prayer leader); always anchor to the sacrificial, mediating, atoning office. Never combine with ‘Agung’ honorific except for Christ.
Priesthood
Approved rendering: pangimaman
Transliteration: hierōsynē
Doctrine: Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
Heb 7:11-12, 24. New coinage (imam + circumfix pang-…-an); change of priesthood requires change of law.
Copy Shadow Pattern
Approved rendering: gegambaran / pola (primary); wewayangan (only with heavy annotation)
Transliteration: hypodeigma / skia / typos
Doctrine: Tabernacle and Heavenly Sanctuary Typology
Original: ὑπόδειγμα / σκιά / τύπος
Category: Covenant
Heb 8:5; 9:9, 23-24; 10:1. ‘Wewayangan’ risks importing wayang shadow-puppet cosmology (illusion/maya controlled by an unseen dalang); teach as a real copy of a real heavenly original.
Most Holy Place
Approved rendering: Papan ingkang Mahasuci
Transliteration: ta hagia tōn hagiōn
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Priesthood
Heb 9:2-3, 8, 12, 24-25; 10:19. Must be distinguished from general ‘suci’; God’s specific manifest-presence chamber.
Founder Pioneer
Approved rendering: Pangarsaning kaslametan
Transliteration: archēgos
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Christology
Heb 2:10; 12:2. Avoid resemblance to a kejawen mystical guru pioneering a spiritual path for disciples; Christ’s pioneering is a unique, historical, once-for-all act.
Conscience
Approved rendering: swaraning batos
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Sanctification through Christ’s Sacrifice
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
Heb 9:9, 14; 10:2, 22; 13:18. ‘Batos/batin’ resonates with kebatinan mystical inner-cultivation traditions; must be taught as Christ’s objective, once-for-all cleansing, not a self-attained mystical state.
Draw Near
Approved rendering: sowan
Transliteration: proserchomai
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: προσέρχομαι
Category: Access
Heb 4:16; 7:25; 10:1, 22; 11:6; 12:18, 22. ‘Sowan’ is the formal Javanese court-approach term; must always be paired with ‘kanthi wantah, boten mawi lantaran’ (directly, without an intermediary) to avoid smuggling back court-protocol hierarchy Hebrews argues has been abolished.
Made Obsolete
Approved rendering: ndadosaken lawas
Transliteration: pepalaiōken
Doctrine: Fulfillment and Obsolescence of the Levitical Sacrificial System
Original: πεπαλαίωκεν
Category: Covenant
Heb 8:13. Must not be read as denigrating the OT revelation itself, only the sacrificial-covenantal system it typified.
Blood
Approved rendering: rah
Transliteration: haima
Doctrine: Atonement through Christ’s Blood
Original: αἷμα
Category: Atonement
Pervasive, ch. 9-10, 13. Must be anchored to substitutionary atonement, never to potency (kasekten) associated with blood in keris-lore or blood-oath customs.
Sprinkling
Approved rendering: nyirat / panyiratan
Transliteration: rhantizō / rhantismos
Doctrine: Covenant Inauguration by Blood
Original: ῥαντίζω / ῥαντισμός
Category: Atonement
Heb 9:13, 19, 21; 10:22; 12:24. Risks conflation with siraman ritual bathing/heirloom-cleansing ceremony (e.g., Siraman Pusaka on 1 Suro); requires the same ‘established term + mandatory clarifying note’ treatment as kaslametan/slametan.
Purify
Approved rendering: nyucekaken
Transliteration: katharizō
Doctrine: Sanctification through Christ’s Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: ruwatan
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Atonement
Heb 9:14, 22-23; 10:2. Distinguish from ruwatan, the Javanese misfortune-removal rite.
Redemption
Approved rendering: panebusan
Transliteration: lytrōsis / apolytrōsis
Doctrine: Redemption and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: tebusan (pawn redemption)
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Atonement
Heb 9:12, 15. Distinguish from tebus/tebusan (redeeming a pawned item); redemption from sin’s guilt, purchased by blood.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: pangapunten
Transliteration: aphesis
Doctrine: Redemption and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Atonement
Heb 9:22; 10:18. Anchor to God’s judicial forgiveness secured by blood atonement, distinct from the sungkeman forgiveness-asking custom at Lebaran.
New And Living Way
Approved rendering: dalan ingkang anyar saha gesang
Transliteration: hodos prosphatos kai zōsa
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ὁδὸς πρόσφατος καὶ ζῶσα
Category: Access
Heb 10:20. Permanent, direct access to God, unmediated by ritual intermediaries.
Drift Away
Approved rendering: kèli / nyimpang alon-alon
Transliteration: pararreō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: παραρρέω
Category: Apostasy
Heb 2:1. First apostasy warning: passive, gradual neglect of the gospel.
Shrink Back
Approved rendering: mundur
Transliteration: hypostellō
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑποστέλλω
Category: Apostasy
Heb 10:38-39. Drawing back from faith into destruction, contrasted with faith that preserves the soul.
Repentance
Approved rendering: pamratobat
Transliteration: metanoia
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Apostasy
Heb 6:1, 6; 12:17. Shared vocabulary with Islamic ‘tobat’; anchor to Spirit-enabled turning through Christ’s atonement, not a repeatable self-purification ritual.
Oath
Approved rendering: sumpah
Transliteration: horkos
Doctrine: The Certainty of God’s Oath and Promise
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant
Heb 6:16-17; 7:20-21, 28. Distinguish from Javanese ritual oath-taking customs (e.g., sumpah pocong); God’s oath is a unilateral, gracious self-guarantee, not a test of human truthfulness.
Hypostasis Assurance
Approved rendering: kayakinan
Transliteration: hypostasis
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ὑπόστασις
Category: Faith
Heb 3:14; 10:34; 11:1. Confident grounding in the reality of what is promised, not wishful thinking or fatalism (nrimo ing pandum).
Enlightened
Approved rendering: kapadhangan
Transliteration: phōtizō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: pencerahan
Original: φωτίζω
Category: Faith
Heb 6:4; 10:32. Risk of resonance with ‘pencerahan’ (Buddhist/mystical enlightenment attainment); must be anchored to receiving gospel truth, not a mystical attainment state.
Appear Before God
Approved rendering: ngatingal wonten ing ngarsanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: emphanizō
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἐμφανίζω
Category: Access
Heb 9:24. Christ’s permanent representative presence before the Father on believers’ behalf.
Hearts Sprinkled Clean
Approved rendering: manah ingkang sampun kasiratan resik
Transliteration: rherantismenoi tas kardias
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας
Category: Access
Heb 10:22. Combines sprinkling and conscience-cleansing motifs; same siraman-collision caution as sprinkling term.
Judgment After Death
Approved rendering: pangadilan
Transliteration: krisis
Doctrine: Divine Judgment After Death
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
Heb 9:27. Must never be conflated with reincarnation cycles; death-then-judgment is linear and final, not cyclical.
Eternal Life Akatalytos
Approved rendering: gesang ingkang boten kena rusak
Transliteration: akatalytos zōē
Doctrine: Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἀκατάλυτος ζωή
Category: Priesthood
Heb 7:16. The basis of Christ’s permanent priesthood: resurrection life, not legal descent.
Rest Katapausis
Approved rendering: pangaso
Transliteration: katapausis
Doctrine: The Promised Rest of God
Original: κατάπαυσις
Category: Eschatology
Heb 3:11, 18; 4:1, 3, 5, 10, 11. Must not be reduced to ordinary physical rest; the final, eschatological rest of God’s people.
Sabbath Rest
Approved rendering: pangasoning dinten Sabat
Transliteration: sabbatismos
Doctrine: The Promised Rest of God
Original: σαββατισμός
Category: Eschatology
Heb 4:9. Must not be reduced to weekly cessation from labor, nor conflated with kejawen meditative ‘tentrem’ inner-stillness practice.
Sympathize With Weakness
Approved rendering: melu ngraosaken kalemahan kita
Transliteration: sympathēsai tais astheneiais
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: συμπαθῆσαι ταῖς ἀσθενείαις
Category: Priesthood
Heb 4:15. Christ’s genuine, not merely formal, empathetic identification with human weakness.
Harden Hearts
Approved rendering: ngatosaken manah
Transliteration: sklērynēte tas kardias
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας
Category: Apostasy
Heb 3:8, 15; 4:7. Stubborn resistance to God’s voice, exemplified by the wilderness generation.
Unbelief
Approved rendering: kadadosan boten pitados
Transliteration: apistia
Doctrine: The Promised Rest of God
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Apostasy
Heb 3:12, 19; 4:6, 11. The root cause of Israel’s failure to enter God’s rest.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Established term shared across Indonesian-archipelago Christian usage. In Hebrews the good news is specifically ‘so great a salvation’ (2:3) declared by the Lord himself. Inherited from Romans package.
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Object of faith must always be specified. Central to Heb 4, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13. Inherited from Romans package.
Apostle
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Heb 3:1, the only NT place Christ himself is titled ‘apostle.’ Inherited from Romans package.
Saints
Approved rendering: para suci
Transliteration: para suci
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Heb 3:1 (‘holy brothers’); 6:10 (‘ministered to the saints’). Inherited from Romans package.
Peace
Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: katentreman
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Heb 7:2 (Melchizedek ‘king of peace’); 12:11, 14; 13:20. Inherited from Romans package.
Church
Approved rendering: pasamuwan
Transliteration: pasamuwan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: punden
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Heb 2:12 (quoting Ps 22); 12:23. Inherited from Romans package.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Heb 1:8; 12:28 (‘a kingdom that cannot be shaken’). Inherited from Romans package.
Law
Approved rendering: angger-anggering Toret
Transliteration: angger-anggering Toret
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: hukum agami
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Pervasive in ch. 7-10, the Mosaic Law whose priestly and sacrificial provisions Christ fulfills. Inherited from Romans package.
Intercession
Approved rendering: pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya
Transliteration: pandonga tetulung tumrap wong liya
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: nyuwun berkah ing kuburan
Original: ἐντυγχάνω
Category: Faith
Heb 7:25 — direct match; Christ’s own direct, personal intercession, not petitioning through a saint’s grave or a village guardian spirit (danyang). Inherited from Romans package.
David
Approved rendering: Dawud
Transliteration: Dawud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Background to the tribal/lineage argument of Heb 7:14. Inherited from Romans package.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Heb 8:8, 10 (New Covenant quotation from Jeremiah). Inherited from Romans package.
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: אַבָּא
Category: God
Not used in Hebrews itself; retained for cross-document consistency. Inherited from Romans package.
Angel
Approved rendering: malaékat
Transliteration: angelos
Doctrine: Angelology / Superiority over Angels
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Christology
Heb 1:4-14; 2:2, 5, 7, 9, 16; 12:22; 13:2. Shared vocabulary with Islamic malaikat; teach as created, subordinate ‘ministering spirits’ (1:14), never confused with lelembut/dhemit nor granted a mediating role between believers and God.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: griya Gusti Allah / brayat Gusti Allah
Transliteration: oikos
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: οἶκος
Category: Church
Heb 3:2-6. Moses served faithfully in it; Christ, as Son, rules and built it.
Servant Therapon
Approved rendering: abdi
Transliteration: therapōn
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: θεράπων
Category: Christology
Heb 3:5. Contrasted with huios (‘Son’); an honored, faithful, but subordinate role, not a demeaning one.
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: Melkisedhek
Transliteration: Melchisedek
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Rejected alternatives: ratu-adil assimilation, wali assimilation
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
Heb 5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:1-17. Proper name/type; must not be assimilated into any legendary Javanese king, wali, or ratu-adil figure whose authority rests on bloodline or a wahyu-style mandate.
Without Genealogy
Approved rendering: tanpa tedhak-turun ingkang kacathet
Transliteration: agenealogētos
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Original: ἀγενεαλόγητος
Category: Priesthood
Heb 7:3. Typological device pointing to a priesthood not dependent on lineage, not a literal biographical claim.
Guarantor
Approved rendering: penanggung
Transliteration: engyos
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Covenant
Heb 7:22. Christ personally guarantees the better covenant.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: Kémah Suci (earthly); Kémah ingkang langkung ageng saha langkung tuntas (heavenly, 9:11)
Transliteration: skēnē
Doctrine: Tabernacle and Heavenly Sanctuary Typology
Rejected alternatives: tarub
Original: σκηνή
Category: Priesthood
Heb 8:2, 5; 9:1-8, 11, 21; 13:10. Avoid ‘tarub,’ the Javanese ceremonial event-tent tied to weddings/slametan-adjacent customs.
Unblemished
Approved rendering: tanpa cacad
Transliteration: amōmos
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Atonement
Heb 9:14. Christ as the perfect sacrificial victim, meeting and exceeding every Levitical qualification.
Cultic Service
Approved rendering: ngabekti
Transliteration: latreuō / latreia
Doctrine: Worship and Service to the Living God
Original: λατρεύω / λατρεία
Category: Priesthood
Heb 8:5; 9:1, 6, 9, 14; 10:2; 12:28; 13:10. Devoted service/worship due to God alone.
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: dhampar sih-rahmat
Transliteration: thronos tēs charitos
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Access
Heb 4:16. Royal-court imagery (dhampar) combined with the Critical baseline term sih-rahmat.
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: kekendelan
Transliteration: parrhesia
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Access
Heb 3:6; 4:16; 10:19, 35. Confidence before God grounded in Christ’s finished work, not human merit.
Inauguration
Approved rendering: kadhawuhaken kanthi rah
Transliteration: enkainizō
Doctrine: Covenant Inauguration by Blood
Original: ἐγκαινίζω
Category: Covenant
Heb 9:18. The blood-ratification rite of Exodus 24 establishing the first covenant.
Dead Works
Approved rendering: pandamelan ingkang mati
Transliteration: nekra erga
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Atonement
Heb 6:1; 9:14. Futile religious self-effort under the old system, cleansed away by Christ’s blood.
Veil Curtain
Approved rendering: geber
Transliteration: katapetasma
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Atonement
Heb 6:19; 9:3; 10:20. The tabernacle veil, torn to open the ‘new and living way.‘
Altar
Approved rendering: mesbeh
Transliteration: thysiastērion
Doctrine: Worship and Service to the Living God
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Atonement
Heb 13:10. Established loanword; believers’ altar is Christ’s own sacrifice.
Conviction Proof
Approved rendering: bebeneripun
Transliteration: elenchos
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Faith
Heb 11:1. Evidential confidence regarding unseen realities, part of the book’s programmatic definition of faith.
Sojourners Exiles
Approved rendering: tiyang ngumbara saha manca
Transliteration: parepidēmoi kai xenoi
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: παρεπίδημοι καὶ ξένοι
Category: Faith
Heb 11:13. Patriarchal self-understanding as pilgrims awaiting a heavenly homeland.
Reproach Of Christ
Approved rendering: pahinanipun Sang Kristus
Transliteration: oneidismos
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ὀνειδισμός
Category: Faith
Heb 11:26; 13:13. Shame willingly borne for Christ’s sake, a model for perseverance.
Endurance
Approved rendering: katabahan
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
Heb 10:36; 12:1. Steadfast perseverance under trial.
Discipline
Approved rendering: pamardi
Transliteration: paideia
Doctrine: Sonship and Divine Discipline
Original: παιδεία
Category: Perseverance
Heb 12:5-11. Fatherly formative correction, proof of true sonship, not merely punitive.
Illegitimate Children
Approved rendering: anak ingkang boten sah
Transliteration: nothoi
Doctrine: Sonship and Divine Discipline
Original: νόθοι
Category: Perseverance
Heb 12:8. Absence of discipline would indicate one is not truly God’s child.
Unshakeable Kingdom
Approved rendering: Kratoning Gusti Allah ingkang boten kena obah
Transliteration: basileia asaleutos
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Kingdom
Heb 12:28. Reuses baseline kingdom term; the eternal kingdom believers are receiving.
Assembly Of The Firstborn
Approved rendering: pasamuwaning para pembarep
Transliteration: ekklēsia prōtotokōn
Doctrine: The Church as the Heavenly Assembly
Original: ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων
Category: Church
Heb 12:23. Reuses baseline church term; pembarep is a familiar Javanese family-status term.
Full Assurance Of Faith
Approved rendering: kayakinan pitados ingkang tanpa mangu-mangu
Transliteration: plērophoria pisteōs
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: πληροφορία πίστεως
Category: Access
Heb 10:22. Complete confidence in approaching God grounded in Christ’s finished work.
Bodies Washed
Approved rendering: badan ingkang sampun kawijikan toya ingkang resik
Transliteration: lelousmenoi to sōma hydati katharō
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: λελουσμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ
Category: Access
Heb 10:22. Baptismal echo, outward sign accompanying inward cleansing.
Eternal Inheritance
Approved rendering: warisan langgeng
Transliteration: aiōnia klēronomia
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: αἰωνία κληρονομία
Category: Covenant
Heb 9:15. Contrasted with Javanese inheritance customs (waris adat), which can be divided, contested, or forfeited; this inheritance is eternal and unforfeitable.
Transgressions
Approved rendering: panerak-panerak
Transliteration: parabasis
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παράβασις
Category: Sin
Heb 9:15. Violations of the Mosaic covenant’s commandments, now redeemed.
Word Of God Living
Approved rendering: pangandikanipun Gusti Allah ingkang gesang saha kebak daya
Transliteration: ho logos tou theou zōn kai energēs
Doctrine: The Finality of God’s Revelation in the Son
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ ζῶν καὶ ἐνεργής
Category: God
Heb 4:12. Scripture’s penetrating, judging power, personified as active.
Confession
Approved rendering: pangakuning pitados
Transliteration: homologia
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ὁμολογία
Category: Faith
Heb 3:1; 4:14; 10:23. The shared, public profession of faith to be held fast.
Anchor Of The Soul
Approved rendering: jangkaring nyawa
Transliteration: ankyra tēs psychēs
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἄγκυρα τῆς ψυχῆς
Category: Perseverance
Heb 6:19. Hope pictured as a secure anchor into the heavenly sanctuary.
Hope
Approved rendering: pangarep-arep
Transliteration: elpis
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: nrimo ing pandum
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Perseverance
Heb 6:11, 18; 7:19; 10:23; 11:1. Must be grounded in the certainty of God’s promise, not vague optimism or passive fatalism.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: kurban pamuji sukur
Transliteration: thysia aineseōs
Doctrine: Worship and Service to the Living God
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Atonement
Heb 13:15. Combines the kurban collision-risk term with pamuji sukur; must be clear this is a worship-response, not an atoning sacrifice.
Outside The Camp
Approved rendering: ing sanjabaning pakuwon
Transliteration: exō tēs parembolēs
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς
Category: Christology
Heb 13:12-13. Christ’s crucifixion ‘outside the gate,’ a place of shame, calling believers to identify with him there.
Noah
Approved rendering: Nuh
Transliteration: Nōe
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Heb 11:7. Shared with Islamic ‘Nabi Nuh’; retain as historical proper name per baseline’s Musa/Dawud precedent, but do not attach a ‘Nabi’ title.
Zion
Approved rendering: Sion
Transliteration: Siōn
Doctrine: The Church as the Heavenly Assembly
Heb 12:22. New to this curriculum; the eschatological city of God.
Heavenly Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Yerusalem Swarga
Transliteration: Hierousalēm epouranios
Doctrine: The Church as the Heavenly Assembly
Heb 12:22. The believer’s present spiritual arrival at the heavenly, not earthly, Jerusalem.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: pamuji sukur
Transliteration: pamuji sukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία (cf. αἴνεσις)
Category: Faith
Heb 13:15 (‘sacrifice of praise’). Inherited from Romans package.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: patunggilan
Transliteration: patunggilan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: kekancan
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Heb 13:16 (‘to share what you have’). Inherited from Romans package.
Prophet
Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: dhukun
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Heb 1:1. Inherited from Romans package.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: pameca
Transliteration: pameca
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: primbon
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Background to the OT catena of Hebrews ch. 1. Inherited from Romans package.
Exhort
Approved rendering: pitutur
Transliteration: pitutur
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Heb 3:13; 10:25; 13:22. Inherited from Romans package.
Reward
Approved rendering: ingkang paring ganjaran
Transliteration: misthapodotēs
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: μισθαποδότης
Category: Faith
Heb 11:6. God’s faithful response to those who seek him.
Cloud Of Witnesses
Approved rendering: gumolonging seksi
Transliteration: nephos martyrōn
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: νέφος μαρτύρων
Category: Perseverance
Heb 12:1. The OT saints of ch. 11 pictured as encouraging witnesses.
Great Shepherd
Approved rendering: Gembala Ageng ing wedhus-wedhusipun
Transliteration: ho poimēn tōn probatōn ho megas
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ὁ ποιμὴν τῶν προβάτων ὁ μέγας
Category: Christology
Heb 13:20. Christ as risen, ruling shepherd-king of his people.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: tresna sadulur ing pitados
Transliteration: philadelphia
Doctrine: Christian Community Life and Ethics
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
Heb 13:1. Love among believers as family.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: seneng nampi tamu
Transliteration: philoxenia
Doctrine: Christian Community Life and Ethics
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Church
Heb 13:2. Welcoming outsiders as a practical outworking of Christian identity.
Aaron
Approved rendering: Harun
Transliteration: Aarōn
Doctrine: Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood
Established Indonesian-archipelago Bible form, parallel to the baseline’s Musa/Dawud precedent; low collision risk.
Esau
Approved rendering: Esap
Transliteration: Ēsau
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Heb 12:16-17. Standard proper-name form.
Abel
Approved rendering: Habèl
Transliteration: Habel
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Heb 11:4. Standard proper-name form.
Enoch
Approved rendering: Hanokh
Transliteration: Henōch
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Heb 11:5. Standard proper-name form.
Sarah
Approved rendering: Sara
Transliteration: Sarra
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Heb 11:11. Standard proper-name form.
Rahab Person
Approved rendering: Rahab
Transliteration: Rhaab
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Heb 11:31. Standard proper-name form.
Salem
Approved rendering: Salem
Transliteration: Salēm
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Heb 7:1-2. Proper name; wordplay with ‘peace’ (eirēnē) preserved via reuse of baseline katentreman.
Referenced passages