Cross-Reference Analysis
Cross-Reference and Theme Analysis: The Gospel of Mark (Full Book, Chapters 1–16)
PART A — CROSS-REFERENCE MATRIX
Columns: Mark Passage | Theme / Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity
Chapter 1
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 1:2-3 | Kingdom of God Breaking In (preparation) | Yohanes Pembaptis (John the Baptist), Elia (Elijah typology) | OT: Malachi 3:1; Isaiah 40:3 (conflated citation attributed only to “Isaiah the prophet”) | High — the conflated citation must be preserved as Mark presents it, not “corrected” into two separate attributions; render consistently as a single citation with a translator note explaining ancient composite-citation convention |
| Mark 1:11 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (declared at baptism) | Gusti Yesus, Rama (voice from heaven), Roh Suci | OT: Psalm 2:7 (“You are my Son”); Isaiah 42:1 (“my chosen, in whom my soul delights” / Servant) | Critical — fuses royal Sonship (Psalm 2) and Servant identity (Isaiah 42) in one declaration, uniting two curriculum doctrines at once; must not collapse into only one sense |
| Mark 1:14-15 | Kingdom of God Breaking In | Gusti Yesus | NT: parallels Kratoning Gusti Allah used ethically/eschatologically in Romans (e.g., Romans 14:17) | Medium — maintain identical baseline term across curricula |
| Mark 1:23-27 | Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature | roh reged (unclean spirit) | NT background: establishes the literal exorcism pattern repeated through the book | Critical — see glossary term #1 (roh reged), never dhemit/lelembut |
| Mark 1:44 | Fulfillment, not abolition, of Torah amid new authority | leper, Musa (Moses) | OT: Leviticus 14:2-32 (cleansing rite) | Low — Jesus upholds Mosaic provision even while exercising unprecedented authority |
Chapter 2
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 2:5-10 | Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature / Deity of Christ | Gusti Yesus | NT/OT background: Daniel 7:13-14 (Son of Man authority); implicit claim to a divine prerogative (“who can forgive sins but God alone?”) | Critical — must retain the scandal of a human figure claiming divine prerogative |
| Mark 2:19-20 | Kingdom of God Breaking In (bridegroom imagery) | Gusti Yesus | OT: Hosea 2:19-20; Isaiah 62:5 (covenant bridegroom/bride imagery) | Medium |
| Mark 2:25-26 | Jesus’ Authority (Torah interpretation) | Dawud (David), Abiatar | OT: 1 Samuel 21:1-6 (David eats consecrated bread) | Medium — frames Jesus’ authority as continuous with, not opposed to, David’s own precedent |
| Mark 2:27-28 | Son of Man authority over Sabbath | Gusti Yesus | OT/NT background: Daniel 7:13-14 | Critical — see Putraning Manungsa glossary entry |
Chapter 3
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 3:14 | Kingdom of God Breaking In (reconstitution of Israel) | utusan (the Twelve) | OT background: Israel’s twelve tribes | Medium — echoes restoration of God’s people around Christ |
| Mark 3:22-27 | Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature | Beelzebul, roh reged | OT allusion: Isaiah 49:24-25 (plunder taken from the mighty) | High |
| Mark 3:28-29 | The Messianic Secret / Jesus’ Authority | — | No direct OT quotation; unique NT warning | Critical — see glossary term #21 (blasphemy against the Holy Spirit) |
Chapter 4
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 4:12 | The Messianic Secret (parables conceal/reveal) | Gusti Yesus | OT: Isaiah 6:9-10 (seeing but not perceiving) | Critical — thematically parallel to, but textually DISTINCT from, Romans 11:8’s hardening quotation (Isaiah 29:10 / Deuteronomy 29:4); do NOT harmonize the two into identical wording; each rendered per its own source, with a teaching note on the shared “hardening” motif |
| Mark 4:29 | Kingdom of God Breaking In | — | OT: Joel 3:13 (harvest) | Low |
| Mark 4:32 | Kingdom of God Breaking In (small beginning, great end) | — | OT: Ezekiel 17:23; 31:6; Daniel 4:12, 21 (great tree sheltering birds/nations) | Medium — preserve the “surprising smallness now, great sheltering later” contrast |
| Mark 4:39-41 | Jesus’ Authority over Nature / Faith and Discipleship amid Fear | Gusti Yesus | OT allusion: Psalm 107:29; Job 38:11 (God’s authority over sea/chaos) | High — divine prerogative over chaotic waters must not be lost in “ndukani” (rebuke) |
Chapter 5
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 5:1-20 | Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature | roh reged, “Legion” | No direct OT quotation; note political overtone of “Legion” under Roman occupation | Critical — see glossary #1 |
| Mark 5:34 | Faith and Discipleship amid Fear | wong wadon (unnamed woman) | NT thematic parallel: pitados as trust expressed in costly public action | Medium |
| Mark 5:41-42 | (contrast term for) Resurrection of Christ | Yairus, anaké Yairus | NT contrast: distinct from wungu saka pati (Christ’s unique resurrection) | High — see glossary #36, mandatory distinguishing note |
| Mark 5:41 | Preservation of Aramaic terms | — | NT practice: Mark retains Aramaic “Talitha koum,” parallel to retaining “Abba” (cf. Romans 8:15; Mark 14:36) and “Ephphatha” (Mark 7:34) | High — establish a consistent rule: retain transliterated Aramaic with gloss, matching the Romans package’s treatment of Abba |
Chapter 6
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 6:4 | (reviewed — no new OT quotation) | nabi (prophet) | OT background: prophet-without-honor motif (cf. Jeremiah 1:1, 11:21 pattern) | Low |
| Mark 6:34 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (Shepherd-King) | Gusti Yesus | OT: Numbers 27:17; Ezekiel 34:5, 23 (shepherdless sheep; the Davidic shepherd promise) | High — ties directly to the Davidic-shepherd fulfillment thread; must not flatten to generic pastoral metaphor |
| Mark 6:30-44 | Kingdom of God Breaking In / Jesus’ Authority over Nature | Gusti Yesus | OT allusion: Exodus 16 (manna); 2 Kings 4:42-44 (Elisha feeds 100) | Medium — Elisha typology: a lesser prophet’s miracle exceeded by Christ |
| Mark 6:50 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (theophanic self-disclosure) | Gusti Yesus | OT allusion: Exodus 3:14; Isaiah 43:10-13; Job 9:8; Psalm 107:29 (walking on water; divine self-naming) | Critical — see glossary #35 (“Iki Aku, aja wedi”) |
Chapter 7
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 7:6-7 | Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness (contrast with empty religiosity) | Farisi (Pharisees) | OT: Isaiah 29:13 (direct quotation) | High — must retain the lips/heart contrast precisely |
| Mark 7:10 | Torah authority | — | OT: Exodus 20:12; 21:17; Deuteronomy 5:16 | Medium — consistency rule with Mark 10:19 and Romans 13:9 (see Part C) |
| Mark 7:11 | (Corban) | — | OT background: vow/dedication law, e.g., Numbers 30:2 | Medium |
| Mark 7:24-30 | The Kingdom of God Breaking In (Gentile inclusion) | Wong wadon Siro-Fenisia (Syrophoenician woman) | NT parallel: Romans 3:29-30; 10:12; 15:7-12 — Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine (baseline Romans) | High |
Chapter 8
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 8:18 | The Messianic Secret (hardened perception) | sakabat (disciples) | OT: Jeremiah 5:21; Ezekiel 12:2 | Medium — same hardening-motif family as Mark 4:12/Isaiah 6:9-10, but a distinct citation; keep separate |
| Mark 8:29 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (Peter’s confession) | Petrus | OT/NT: fulfillment of the Messiah expectation; reuse baseline Sang Mesias | Critical |
| Mark 8:31 | The Necessity of the Cross (first passion prediction) | Putraning Manungsa | OT background: Isaiah 53 (Suffering Servant); Daniel 7:13-14 (Son of Man) | Critical |
| Mark 8:34-38 | The Necessity of the Cross / Faith and Discipleship amid Fear | Gusti Yesus, sakabat | NT: no direct OT quotation; theological culmination of the cross theme | Critical — see glossary #10 (kajeng salib) |
Chapter 9
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 9:2-8 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (Transfiguration) | Musa, Elia, Petrus, Yakobus, Yokanan | OT: Exodus 24:15-18; 34:29-35 (Moses, cloud, shining face); Malachi 4:5-6 (Elijah to come) | Critical — Law (Musa) and Prophets (Elia) testify to Christ; must not be read as a wayang-style episodic deity manifestation |
| Mark 9:7 | Deity of Christ | Rama (voice from cloud) | OT: Deuteronomy 18:15 (the prophet like Moses) | High |
| Mark 9:11-13 | The Messianic Secret / Fulfillment of Prophecy | Elia, Yohanes Pembaptis | OT: Malachi 4:5-6 | High — John’s Elijah-fulfillment is typological role-reprisal empowered by the Spirit, NOT a reborn spiritual essence; mandatory note distinguishing from titisan (baseline-forbidden Incarnation/Resurrection substitute) |
| Mark 9:31 | The Necessity of the Cross (second passion prediction) | Putraning Manungsa | OT background: Isaiah 53; Daniel 7 | Critical |
| Mark 9:33-37 | Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness | sakabat | NT: anticipates full teaching in Mark 10:42-45 | High |
| Mark 9:48 | (eschatological warning) | — | OT: Isaiah 66:24 (unquenchable fire, undying worm) | High — requires pastoral care in framing |
Chapter 10
Verses 35-45 receive full verse-by-verse treatment in the Semantic Analysis (07) and Core Glossary (08). This matrix covers the remainder of the chapter.
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 10:4-9 | (creation order, marriage) | — | OT: Deuteronomy 24:1-4; Genesis 1:27; 2:24 | Medium |
| Mark 10:17-22 | Faith and Discipleship amid Fear (contrast: earning vs. receiving) | wong sugih (rich man) | NT thematic contrast: Romans 4:3-5 (Genesis 15:6, righteousness by faith not works) | High — the rich man’s attempt to “do” his way to eternal life contrasts sharply with Romans’ imputed-righteousness doctrine; useful teaching bridge, no direct citation |
| Mark 10:19 | Torah authority | — | OT: Exodus 20:12-16; Deuteronomy 5:16-20 | Medium — consistency rule with Romans 13:9 (see Part C) |
| Mark 10:33-34 | The Necessity of the Cross (third passion prediction) | Putraning Manungsa | OT background: Isaiah 53; Daniel 7 | Critical |
| Mark 10:45 | The Ransom for Many | Putraning Manungsa | OT: Isaiah 53:10-12 (direct dependence — “poured out his soul,” “bore the sin of many,” “make many to be accounted righteous”) | Critical — core passage; see full treatment in 07/08 |
| Mark 10:47-48 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (Davidic identity) | Bartimeus, Dawud | OT/NT: 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (Davidic covenant); parallels Romans 1:3’s “seed of David” (baseline High-risk Davidic Covenant doctrine) | High |
Chapter 11
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 11:9-10 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (Triumphal Entry) | wong akeh (crowd) | OT: Psalm 118:25-26 (direct quotation, “Hosanna… Blessed is he who comes”) | High — genuine but incomplete messianic acclamation; not a generic festival greeting |
| Mark 11:10 | Davidic Covenant | Dawud | OT/NT background: 2 Samuel 7; parallels Romans 1:3 | High |
| Mark 11:15-17 | The Kingdom of God Breaking In / Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Gusti Yesus | OT: Isaiah 56:7 (house of prayer for all nations, direct quotation); Jeremiah 7:11 (den of robbers, direct quotation) | High — combines a Gentile-inclusion promise with a judgment oracle; ties directly to Romans 15:7-12 |
| Mark 11:20-25 | Jesus’ Authority over Nature (withered fig tree) | — | OT background: prophetic fig-tree judgment imagery (cf. Jeremiah 8:13; Hosea 9:10) | Medium |
Chapter 12
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 12:1-9 | The Necessity of the Cross (parable of the tenants) | Gusti Yesus | OT: Isaiah 5:1-2 (vineyard allusion) | High |
| Mark 12:10-11 | The Necessity of the Cross / Resurrection of Christ (rejected stone) | — | OT: Psalm 118:22-23 (direct quotation) | Critical — thematically parallel to, but a DISTINCT citation from, Romans 9:33’s stone testimonia (Isaiah 28:16 / Isaiah 8:14); see Part C consistency rule |
| Mark 12:18-27 | Resurrection of Christ (debate with Sadducees) | — | OT: Exodus 3:6 (direct quotation, “God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob”); reuses baseline wungu saka pati conceptually | Critical |
| Mark 12:19 | (levirate marriage law) | — | OT: Deuteronomy 25:5-6 | Low |
| Mark 12:29-31 | Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness / The Ransom for Many (love as the summary of the Law) | — | OT: Deuteronomy 6:4-5 (Shema, direct quotation); Leviticus 19:18 (direct quotation) | Critical — Leviticus 19:18 is ALSO directly quoted in Romans 13:9; mandatory identical Javanese rendering — see Part C |
| Mark 12:35-37 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (David’s Lord) | Dawud | OT: Psalm 110:1 (direct quotation) | Critical — parallels Romans 8:34’s allusion to the same psalm |
Chapter 13
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 13:14 | The Kingdom of God Breaking In (eschatological) | — | OT: Daniel 9:27; 11:31; 12:11 (abomination of desolation) | High |
| Mark 13:19 | (eschatological) | — | OT: Daniel 12:1 (unequaled tribulation) | Medium |
| Mark 13:24-25 | (eschatological) | — | OT: Isaiah 13:10; 34:4 (cosmic signs) | Medium |
| Mark 13:26-27 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (Son of Man’s return) | Putraning Manungsa | OT: Daniel 7:13-14 (direct dependence) | Critical |
| Mark 13:33-37 | Faith and Discipleship amid Fear (watchfulness) | — | NT: no direct OT quotation; ethical application of the Kingdom’s already/not-yet tension | Medium |
Chapter 14
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 14:18 | The Necessity of the Cross (betrayal foretold) | Yudas Iskariot | OT: Psalm 41:9 (direct allusion) | High |
| Mark 14:22-25 | The Ransom for Many / The Necessity of the Cross (Last Supper) | Gusti Yesus | OT: Exodus 24:8 (blood of the covenant, direct allusion); Jeremiah 31:31-34 (new covenant); Isaiah 53:12 (poured out for many) | Critical — ties directly to Romans’ own covenant/justification doctrines; consistent use of baseline prajanjian required |
| Mark 14:27 | The Necessity of the Cross | Gusti Yesus | OT: Zechariah 13:7 (direct quotation, “strike the shepherd”) | High |
| Mark 14:34 | The Necessity of the Cross (Gethsemane anguish) | Gusti Yesus | OT allusion: Psalm 42:5, 11; 43:5 | Medium |
| Mark 14:36 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God / Faith and Discipleship amid Fear | Rama, Abba | NT: DIRECT parallel to Romans 8:15 (same Aramaic term, same Father-address context) | Critical — mandatory identical rendering with Romans; see Part C |
| Mark 14:61-62 | Deity of Christ / Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (trial confession) | Imam Agung (High Priest) | OT: Daniel 7:13 (direct dependence); Psalm 110:1 (direct allusion) | Critical |
Chapter 15
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 15:24 | The Necessity of the Cross | prajurit Rum (Roman soldiers) | OT: Psalm 22:18 (direct quotation) | Critical |
| Mark 15:26 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God (title on the cross) | — | NT: “King of the Jews” — see glossary #32 | High |
| Mark 15:29 | The Necessity of the Cross (mockery) | — | OT: Psalm 22:7 (direct allusion) | High |
| Mark 15:34 | The Necessity of the Cross (cry of dereliction) | Gusti Yesus | OT: Psalm 22:1 (direct quotation) | Critical — full weight of real abandonment, not softened |
| Mark 15:36 | The Necessity of the Cross | — | OT: Psalm 69:21 (direct allusion) | High — parallels, but is a DISTINCT verse from, Romans 15:3’s quotation of Psalm 69:9; same Psalm, different verses, same Christ-in-suffering application — see Part C |
| Mark 15:38 | The Necessity of the Cross (torn curtain — opened access) | — | OT background: Exodus 26:31-33 (veil of the Holy of Holies) | High |
| Mark 15:39 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God / Deity of Christ | Perwira Rum (centurion) | NT: parallels Romans’ Deity of Christ doctrine directly; reuse baseline Putrané Gusti Allah | Critical |
Chapter 16
| Mark Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark 16:6 | Resurrection of Christ | malaikat (angel), para wanita (the women) | NT: fulfills Mark’s own predictions (8:31; 9:9, 31; 10:34); parallels Romans’ Resurrection of Christ doctrine (Romans 1:4; 4:25; 6:4-5; 8:11) | Critical — mandatory identical rendering wungu saka pati across both curricula; NEVER titisan/reinkarnasi |
| Mark 16:8 | Faith and Discipleship amid Fear (resolution) | para wanita | NT: resolves the fear/faith tension traced from Mark 4:40-41 onward | High |
| Mark 16:15 | Kingdom Mission (longer ending) | sakabat | NT: parallels Romans’ Mission to the Nations doctrine (Romans 1:5; 10:14-15; 15:19-20) | Medium |
PART B — MESSIANIC TYPOLOGY AND OT PATTERN SUMMARY
| Typological Thread | OT Roots | Key Mark Passages | Doctrinal Connection |
|---|---|---|---|
| Suffering Servant | Isaiah 42:1; 49:1-6; 50:4-9; 52:13-53:12 | Mark 1:11; 9:12; 10:45; 14:24; 15:1-39 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God; The Ransom for Many; The Necessity of the Cross |
| Son of Man (Danielic heavenly figure) | Daniel 7:13-14 | Mark 2:10, 28; 8:31, 38; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33, 45; 13:26; 14:21, 41, 62 | The Messianic Secret; Deity of Christ; The Necessity of the Cross |
| Davidic King / Son of David | 2 Samuel 7:12-16; Psalm 110:1; Isaiah 11:1-10 | Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37; 15:2, 9, 12, 18, 26, 32 | Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God; Davidic Covenant (parallels Romans 1:3) |
| New Exodus / New Moses | Isaiah 40:3; Exodus 16 (manna); Exodus 24 and 34 (mountain theophany) | Mark 1:2-3; 6:30-44; 8:1-9; 9:2-8 | Kingdom of God Breaking In; Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God |
| Passover Lamb / Covenant Sacrifice | Exodus 12; Exodus 24:8; Jeremiah 31:31-34 | Mark 14:12-25 | The Ransom for Many; The Necessity of the Cross |
| Temple / New Access to God | Isaiah 56:7; Jeremiah 7:11; Exodus 26:31-33 | Mark 11:15-17; 13:1-2; 14:58; 15:38 | The Necessity of the Cross; Kingdom of God Breaking In |
| Elijah / Elisha Prophetic Pattern | Malachi 4:5-6; 1 Kings 17; 2 Kings 4 | Mark 1:2, 6; 6:30-44; 9:11-13 | The Messianic Secret; Fulfillment of Prophecy |
Translator note on typology generally: Every typological fulfillment above (a role, pattern, or promise reprised in a new historical figure — Elijah in John the Baptist, the Passover lamb in Christ, the Davidic shepherd in Christ) must be taught as purposeful historical fulfillment by God’s own plan, never through the lens of titisan (the Javanese belief in a reborn ancestral or divine spiritual quality manifesting in a later figure), which the Romans baseline already forbids for the Incarnation and Resurrection. This applies with equal force to every typological connection listed here.
PART C — ROMANS CURRICULUM PARALLELS AND RENDERING-CONSISTENCY RULES
The following shared quotations, terms, and themes appear in both the Mark and Romans curricula. Phase 2 translation of Mark MUST enforce identical Javanese renderings for these items exactly as recorded, per the cross-document consistency rules already established in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
| # | Shared Item | Mark Occurrence(s) | Romans Occurrence(s) | Consistency Rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leviticus 19:18 (“love your neighbor as yourself”) | Mark 12:31 | Romans 13:9 | MANDATORY identical Javanese quotation wording in both curricula; use tresna / katresnan root consistently |
| 2 | Decalogue citations (Exodus 20:12-17; Deuteronomy 5:16-21) | Mark 7:10; 10:19 | Romans 13:9 | Consistent wording and commandment ordering across both curricula |
| 3 | Abba, Father | Mark 14:36 | Romans 8:15 | MANDATORY identical rendering: retain transliterated Abba paired with baseline Rama; same intimacy-plus-formality pattern in both curricula |
| 4 | Psalm 110:1 (“The Lord said to my Lord… sit at my right hand”) | Mark 12:35-37; 14:62 | Romans 8:34 (allusion, “at the right hand of God”) | Consistent Javanese rendering of “right hand” (tengening Gusti Allah) and preservation of the double-Lord wordplay pointing to Christ’s deity |
| 5 | Isaiah 53:10-12 (Suffering Servant, ransom/many) | Mark 10:45; 14:24; 15:1-39 | Romans 4:25; 5:19 | Consistent theological vocabulary across curricula: tetebasan (ransom), tumrap kang kathah (for the many), substitutionary kanggo nggenteni |
| 6 | Resurrection of Christ (wungu saka pati) | Mark 16:6 (and predictions in 8:31; 9:9, 31; 10:34) | Romans 1:4; 4:25; 6:4-5; 8:11 | Baseline Critical term reused verbatim, no deviation; forbidden substitutions (titisan, reinkarnasi) apply identically in both curricula |
| 7 | Kingdom of God (Kratoning Gusti Allah) | Mark 1:15; 4:11, 26-32; 9:1, 47; 10:14-15, 23-25; 12:34; 14:25; 15:43 | Romans 14:17 | Baseline Medium-risk term reused verbatim in both curricula |
| 8 | Stone testimonia (rejected/cornerstone imagery) | Mark 12:10-11 (Psalm 118:22-23) | Romans 9:33 (Isaiah 28:16 / Isaiah 8:14) | These are DISTINCT OT citations applied to the same Christological theme (rejection followed by vindication); do NOT harmonize the two quotations into identical wording, but use a consistent Javanese term for “stone” (watu) across both curricula and flag the shared theme in teaching notes |
| 9 | Davidic Covenant / “seed/son of David” | Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37 | Romans 1:3 (“tedhak turune Dawud”) | Consistent use of Dawud (baseline proper name) and shared royal-covenant vocabulary; Mark’s “Putrane Dawud” and Romans’ “tedhak turune Dawud” refer to the same fulfilled covenant promise and should be cross-referenced in teaching notes |
| 10 | Core divine-reference and Christological terms (Gusti Allah, Gusti Yesus, Roh Suci, Sang Mesias, Putrané Gusti Allah, Gusti) | Pervasive throughout Mark | Pervasive throughout Romans | Baseline Critical terms reused verbatim with zero deviation; all baseline forbidden substitutions (Nabi Isa, dhemit/lelembut, Satrio Piningit, bare Gusti for God) apply identically |
| 11 | Grace/unearned favor logic contrasted with debt or merit | Mark 10:45 (ransom given, not owed in return); Mark 12:29-31 (love, not transactional obligation) | Romans 3:24; 4:4-5; 11:5-6 (grace vs. works; explicit rejection of utang budi) | The Ransom for Many (Mark) and Grace (Romans) share the identical forbidden-substitution risk of utang budi; both curricula must teach that God’s saving initiative in Christ creates no reciprocal debt |
| 12 | Isaiah’s hardening tradition | Mark 4:12 (Isaiah 6:9-10); Mark 8:18 (Jeremiah 5:21; Ezekiel 12:2) | Romans 11:8 (Isaiah 29:10 / Deuteronomy 29:4) | Related but textually distinct citations; render each independently per its own source text while noting the shared theological motif of divine judicial hardening in response to persistent unbelief |
| 13 | Psalm 69 (Christ’s sufferings foreshadowed) | Mark 15:36 (Psalm 69:21) | Romans 15:3 (Psalm 69:9) | Distinct verses from the same Psalm, both applied to Christ’s suffering; render each independently, but note the shared Psalm source for reviewers |
| 14 | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Mark 7:24-30; 11:17 | Romans 3:29-30; 10:12; 15:7-12 | Consistent theological framing: full, unqualified inclusion of Gentiles in God’s saving purpose, using baseline bangsa liya for “Gentiles” |
| 15 | Mission to the Nations | Mark 13:10; 16:15 | Romans 1:5; 10:14-15; 15:19-20 | Consistent use of baseline Injil / pekabaran Injil, framed as proclamation of a person rather than institutional religious propagation |
PART D — RISK AND REVIEW ROUTING SUMMARY FOR THIS DOCUMENT
| Risk Tier | Approximate Count of Distinct Cross-References Identified | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 22 | Human theologian review — every occurrence |
| High | 24 | Human theologian review |
| Medium | 17 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 5 | Automated review |
Every chapter of Mark (1–16) has been reviewed above. Chapters with fewer independent OT citations (e.g., portions of chapters 3, 6, 9, 13) still contribute doctrinally load-bearing NT-internal connections (Son of Man predictions, Messianic Secret material, eschatological discourse) and are represented accordingly rather than omitted.
This document is the Phase 1 Step 3 cross-reference and theme foundation for the Mark curriculum. All rendering-consistency rules in Part C are binding on Phase 2 segment translation for both the Mark and Romans curricula and must be checked against the shared translation memory before any segment containing these items is finalized.