Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Thessalonians (Javanese)
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Javanese Rendering | Doctrine Link | Risk | Key Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | Injil | Return of Christ (proclamation basis) | Medium | 1:5, 2:2-9, 3:2 |
| grace | χάρις | sih-rahmat | Sanctification (grace-empowered) | Critical | 1:1 |
| peace | εἰρήνη | katentreman | Hope in Grief | Medium | 1:1, 5:23 |
| faith | πίστις | pitados | Hope in Grief; Sanctification | Medium | 1:3, 3:2-10, 4:14, 5:8 |
| thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω | pamuji sukur | — | Low | 1:2, 5:18 |
| election | ἐκλογή | pepilihanipun Gusti Allah | Sanctification | High | 1:4 |
| holy | ἅγιος | suci | Sanctification | High | 2:10, 3:13, 4:3-8, 5:23 |
| saints | ἅγιοι | para suci | Return of Christ | Medium | 3:13 |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός | pensucen | Sanctification | High | 4:3, 4:4, 4:7, 5:23 |
| called / calling | κλητός / καλέω | katimbalan | Sanctification; Day of the Lord | High | 4:7, 5:24 |
| church | ἐκκλησία | pasamuwan | — | Medium | 1:1 |
| lord | κύριος | Gusti | Return of Christ | High | throughout, esp. 4:15-17 |
| jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Gusti Yesus | Return of Christ; Resurrection of Believers | Critical | throughout |
| god | θεός | Gusti Allah | all five doctrines | Critical | throughout |
| holy spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Roh Suci | Sanctification | Critical | 1:5-6, 4:8, 5:19 |
| son of god | υἱὸς θεοῦ | Putrané Gusti Allah | Return of Christ | Critical | 1:10 |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις / ἀνίστημι | wungu saka pati | Resurrection of Believers | Critical | 4:14, 4:16 |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | utusan | — | Medium | 2:6 |
| kingdom of god | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | Kratoning Gusti Allah | — | Medium | 2:12 |
| glory | δόξα | kamulyan | — | High | 2:12 |
| exhort | παρακαλέω (building-up sense) | pitutur | Sanctification | Low | 2:11-12, 4:1, 4:10, 5:11 |
| prophecy | προφητεία | pameca | Day of the Lord | Low | 5:20 |
| salvation | σωτηρία | kaslametan | The Day of the Lord; Hope in Grief | Critical | 5:8-9 |
| power of God | δύναμις (θεοῦ) | panguwaosipun Gusti Allah | Return of Christ | Critical | 1:5 |
Section 2 — New Terms Required for 1 Thessalonians
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Javanese Rendering | Doctrine Link | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the Return / Coming (parousia) | παρουσία | rawuhipun Gusti | The Return of Christ | Critical | — | Must never be conflated with the Javanese Ratu Adil / Satrio Piningit (Jayabaya prophecy) expectation of an arising just-king figure, already flagged Critical for “messiah” in the Romans baseline. Rawuhipun Gusti names the personal, bodily, singular return of the already-identified Jesus, not a fresh figure yet to arise. |
| hope | ἐλπίς | pengarep-arep | Hope in Grief; The Return of Christ | High | — | Risk of collapsing into generic wishful thinking or fatalistic “hoping for the best,” which borders on pesthi (impersonal fate, already Critical for “providence” in the baseline). Must be taught as certain expectation grounded in Christ’s own resurrection. |
| asleep (death euphemism) | κοιμάομαι | tilem | Resurrection of Believers; Hope in Grief | High | reinkarnasi-adjacent framings | Javanese mourning ritual (telung dina, pitung dina, patangpuluh dina, nyatus dina, mendhak, nyewu) frames the deceased as needing ongoing ritual attention; tilem must be taught as confident expectation of bodily waking, not a lingering unattended spirit-state. |
| grief / mourning | λυπέω | sungkawa | Hope in Grief | High | — | Sungkawa is embedded in the mandatory Javanese mourning-ritual sequence tied to ancestor-protection beliefs; the text reframes rather than forbids grief, and translation must not read as prohibiting the cultural practice of mourning itself. |
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα Κυρίου | Dintenipun Gusti | The Day of the Lord | Critical | — | Collides with (1) the Islamic Hari Kiamat/Yaumul Qiyamah, (2) the Javanese Ranggawarsita cyclical-age cosmology (Kalasuba/Kalatidha/Kalabendu), and (3) Ratu Adil expectation. Must be taught as a single, personal, decisive intervention by the same Lord Jesus, not a recurring impersonal era. |
| wrath | ὀργή | bebendu | The Day of the Lord | High | — | Bebendu resonates strongly with the “age of wrath” (Kalabendu) in Javanese prophetic cosmology, an impersonal cyclical calamity rather than a personal God’s moral judgment on sin. Requires a teaching note anchoring it to personal, moral divine judgment. |
| caught up / rapture | ἁρπάζω | kabekta munggah | The Return of Christ; Resurrection of Believers | High | moksa-adjacent language | Must be distinguished from kejawen mystical-ascent concepts (moksa-adjacent union with the Divine) and from wayang motifs of ascent by personal sakti/kasekten (already forbidden for grace and power of God in the baseline). This is a bodily, corporate, divinely-initiated historical event, not individual mystical attainment. |
| idols | εἴδωλον | brahala | Sanctification (turning from) | High | — | Must be distinguished from veneration of pusaka (sacred heirlooms, especially the keris) and punden (village shrine sites, already forbidden for “church” in the baseline); turning from idols means turning from any object/practice treated as a channel of spiritual power or protection. |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς | Setan | Hope in Grief (opposition); Sanctification | Medium | dhemit, lelembut | Shared vocabulary with Javanese Muslim usage is acceptable (parallel to “dosa” in the baseline), but must be anchored as a singular personal cosmic adversary of God, not folded into the folk category of dhemit/lelembut (morally ambiguous unseen nature-spirits, already forbidden for the Holy Spirit). |
| love (agapē) | ἀγάπη | katresnan | Sanctification; Hope in Grief | Medium | — | Must be anchored to self-giving, others-directed love modeled on Christ; distinct from romantic/erotic senses of katresnan and from reciprocal social-debt love (utang budi, already forbidden for grace). |
| joy | χαρά | kabungahan | Hope in Grief | Low | kabegjan (rejected: carries “luck/fortune” connotation) | Spirit-given gladness amid affliction, not circumstantial luck. |
| affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις | kasangsaran | Hope in Grief | Low | — | Standard suffering vocabulary; avoid flattening into ordinary bad luck (sial). |
| sexual immorality | πορνεία | laku jina | Sanctification | Medium | — | Shares vocabulary with the Islamic legal-criminal category of zina; must be framed as moral-relational sin against God and one’s own body, not primarily a legal-criminal matter. |
| impurity | ἀκαθαρσία | rereged | Sanctification | Medium | — | Must be moral impurity before a personal God, distinct from ritual/ceremonial uncleanness addressed by kejawen purification practices before a slametan. |
| brotherly love | φιλαδελφία | katresnan pasedherekan | Sanctification | Low | — | Fellow-believer love; low ambiguity. |
| word of God | λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ | pangandikaning Gusti Allah | — | Medium | — | Distinguish from primbon (Javanese divination almanac) and guru-murid esoteric transmission; this is God’s own historically-delivered authoritative message. |
| holiness (state) | ἁγιωσύνη | kasucen | Sanctification | Medium | — | Distinct from pensucen (the Spirit’s ongoing sanctifying process, already baseline); kasucen names the resulting state/condition of purity. Must not be used interchangeably with pensucen. |
| deliver / rescue | ῥύομαι | ngluwari | The Day of the Lord | Low-Medium | — | The rescuing act itself; must not substitute for or be confused with the noun kaslametan. |
| tempter | ὁ πειράζων | juru panggodha | Sanctification | Medium | — | Same figure as Setan; not a separate impersonal misfortune-force. |
| sons of light / sons of darkness | υἱοὶ φωτός / σκότους | putraning pepadhang / putraning pepeteng | The Day of the Lord | Medium | — | Moral-relational contrast (belonging to God or not); must not be assimilated into a dualistic balance-of-forces framework that treats light and dark as equally matched. |
| quench the Spirit | (μὴ) σβέννυμι τὸ πνεῦμα | sampun ngendhoni pakaryanipun Roh Suci | Sanctification | High | — | Inherits Roh Suci’s Critical risk; render as restraining/suppressing the Spirit’s active work, not as a manageable potency akin to kasekten. |
| spirit, soul, and body | πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα | roh, nyawa, lan badan | Sanctification | Medium | — | Names the whole person’s completeness in sanctification; avoid importing a kejawen tripartite-soul metaphysic with distinct post-mortem destinies not present in the text. |
| crown of boasting | στέφανος καυχήσεως | makuthaning kabegjan | The Return of Christ | Low | — | Positive royal metaphor; keep distinct from literal keraton regalia. |
| comfort (bereavement sense of parakaleō) | παρακαλέω (comfort sense) | paring panglipur | Hope in Grief | Medium | — | Distinct context-sensitive sense from pitutur (build-up/exhortation); used specifically when comforting mourners (4:18, 5:11), following the same context-sensitivity precedent the baseline set for “exhort.” |
Section 3 — Low-Risk Descriptive/Supporting Terms (Automated Review Sufficient)
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Javanese Rendering | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| those who are left/remain | περιλειπόμενοι | sing isih gesang / sing kantun | 4:15, 4:17 |
| will not precede | φθάνω | ora bakal ndhisiki | 4:15 |
| descend | καταβαίνω | rawuh saking swarga | 4:16, tied to rawuhipun Gusti |
| cry of command | κέλευσμα | pangandikaning dhawuh | 4:16 |
| archangel | ἀρχάγγελος | pangarsaning malaekat | 4:16 |
| trumpet of God | σάλπιγξ (Θεοῦ) | kalasangka Gusti Allah | 4:16 |
| clouds | νεφέλη | mega | 4:17 |
| to meet | ἀπάντησις | methuk | 4:17 |
| air | ἀήρ | awang-awang | 4:17 |
| boldness | παρρησία | kekendelan | 2:2 |
| blameless | ἄμεμπτος | tanpa cacad | 2:10, 3:13 |
| imitators | μιμητής | tuladha | 2:14 |
| establish/strengthen | στηρίζω | netepaken | 3:2, 3:13 |
| vessel (body) | σκεῦος | wadah | 4:4 |
| honor | τιμή | kaurmatan | 4:4 |
| passion/lust | ἐπιθυμία | hawa nepsu | 4:5 |
| quiet life | ἡσυχάζω | gesang kalawan tenang | 4:11 |
| thief (metaphor) | κλέπτης | maling | 5:2 |
| sober/watchful | νήφω | waspada tumemen | 5:6, 5:8 |
| admonish | νουθετέω | ngengetaken | 5:14 |
| be patient | μακροθυμέω | sabar | 5:14 |
| rejoice | χαίρω | bungah | 5:16 |
| test everything | δοκιμάζω | titi mriksani samukawis | 5:21 |
| faithful (of God) | πιστός | setya | 5:24 |
Risk Summary for This Curriculum
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Count (reused baseline terms) |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 3 (parousia/rawuhipun Gusti, Day of the Lord/Dintenipun Gusti, rapture/kabekta munggah — note: rapture assessed High, see table; Critical count reflects parousia and Day of the Lord) | 8 (jesus, god, holy_spirit, son_of_god, resurrection, salvation, power_of_god) |
| High | 6 (hope, asleep/tilem, grief/sungkawa, wrath/bebendu, idols/brahala, quench-the-Spirit) | 6 (grace, election, holy, sanctification, called/calling, glory) |
| Medium | 10 (Satan, love, sexual immorality, impurity, word of God, holiness-state, tempter, sons of light/darkness, spirit-soul-body, comfort) | 4 (gospel, church, apostle, kingdom of god, saints — five, adjust per full table) |
| Low | 6 (joy, affliction, brotherly love, deliver/rescue, crown of boasting, plus Section 3 descriptive terms) | 3 (thanksgiving, exhort, prophecy) |
Note: exact per-tier counts should be reconciled against Section 1 and Section 2 tables above during Step 2 translation memory update; this summary is provided for planning-level visibility only.
Coverage Confirmation
This glossary draws load-bearing terms from every chapter of 1 Thessalonians (1-5), integrates all applicable Romans baseline terms without substitution, and introduces the new terms required by the five target doctrines: The Return of Christ (parousia/rawuhipun Gusti), Resurrection of Believers (wungu saka pati, extended to believers), Sanctification (pensucen, hagiōsynē/kasucen, porneia/laku jina, akatharsia/rereged, quench-the-Spirit), Hope in Grief (elpis/pengarep-arep, lypeō/sungkawa, koimaomai/tilem), and The Day of the Lord (hēmera Kyriou/Dintenipun Gusti, orgē/bebendu).
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Used in the salutation (1:1). CRITICAL: never kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: The Return of Christ / Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never Nabi Isa.
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reinforced at 1:9 as ‘the living and true God’ contrasted with idols; never bare Gusti.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1:5-6; 4:8; 5:19 (‘do not quench the Spirit’); never dhemit or lelembut.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Putrané Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Putrané Gusti Allah
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1:10, awaited from heaven.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: wungu saka pati
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἀνίστημι
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in this letter from Christ’s own resurrection (4:14) to deceased believers (4:16), the first curriculum to make this extension; never titisan or reinkarnasi. Mandatory translator note distinguishing the two required at every occurrence in 4:13-18.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 5:8-9, paired directly with ‘hope’ as helmet; every occurrence requires a translator note distinguishing Christ’s one-time rescue from the slametan ritual.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1:5, the gospel came ‘not in word only’ but in power; never kasekten.
Parousia
Approved rendering: rawuhipun Gusti
Transliteration: rawuhipun Gusti
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Ratu Adil, Satrio Piningit
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] CRITICAL: Never conflate with Ratu Adil (‘Just King’) or Satrio Piningit, the Jayabaya-prophecy hidden knight expected to arise, already flagged Critical for ‘messiah’ in the Romans baseline. Rawuh is the honorific arrival-verb reserved for nobility, correctly conveying majesty, but every occurrence (2:19; 3:13; 4:15-17; 5:23) requires a teaching note that this is the bodily, personal, singular return of the already-named Gusti Yesus, not a new figure yet to arise.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Dintenipun Gusti
Transliteration: Dintenipun Gusti
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: Kiamat (unqualified), Kalabendu
Original: ἡμέρα Κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] CRITICAL: Sits at the intersection of the Islamic Hari Kiamat/Yaumul Qiyamah, the Ranggawarsita cyclical-age cosmology (Kalasuba/Kalatidha/Kalabendu), and Ratu Adil/Satrio Piningit expectation. 5:1-11. Every occurrence requires a teaching note: a single, personal, morally decisive intervention by the already-named Lord Jesus, not a recurring impersonal era.
High Risk Terms
Election
Approved rendering: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Divine Election
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1:4. Never wahyu, the impersonal mystical mandate-light legitimizing a ruler’s throne claim.
Holy
Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Original: ἅγιος / ἁγίως
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 2:10; 3:13; 4:3-8; 5:23. Never kramat (sacred potency attached to a shrine or grave).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pensucen
Transliteration: pensucen
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 4:3-7; 5:23. The Spirit’s ongoing work, distinct from ascetic self-discipline toward kasampurnan.
Called
Approved rendering: katimbalan
Transliteration: katimbalan
Doctrine: Divine Election
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: καλέω / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 4:7; 5:24. Never wahyu.
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 4:15-17, ‘the Lord himself will descend,’ and throughout the letter; never ndara.
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 2:12; never wahyu or kasekten.
Asleep
Approved rendering: tilem
Transliteration: tilem
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: κοιμάομαι
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] Death-euphemism for believers (4:13-15). Javanese mourning-ritual calendar (telung dina, pitung dina, patangpuluh dina, nyatus dina, mendhak, nyewu) treats the deceased as needing ongoing ritual attention; tilem must never stand unaccompanied by the resurrection-certainty clause (4:14) and must be taught as confident expectation of bodily waking.
Hope
Approved rendering: pengarep-arep
Transliteration: pengarep-arep
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
[NEW] Risks collapsing into generic wishful thinking or fatalistic ‘hoping for the best’ bordering on pesthi (impersonal predetermined fate, Critical for ‘providence’ in the Romans baseline). 4:13; 5:8. Must be anchored to the certainty of Christ’s own resurrection (4:14).
Grief
Approved rendering: sungkawa
Transliteration: sungkawa
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: λυπέω
Category: Hope in Grief
[NEW] 4:13a. Embedded in the culturally mandatory Javanese mourning-rite sequence tied to ancestor-protection beliefs. The passage reframes, not forbids, grief; translation must not read as prohibiting mourning itself.
Caught Up Rapture
Approved rendering: kabekta munggah
Transliteration: kabekta munggah
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: moksa-adjacent phrasing
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 4:17. Must be sharply distinguished from kejawen mystical-ascent (moksa-adjacent) concepts and from wayang motifs of ascent by personal sakti/kasekten. Deliberately passive/agentless-from-the-human-side construction to avoid a self-achieved-ascent reading; this is a bodily, corporate, divinely-initiated historical event.
Idols
Approved rendering: brahala
Transliteration: brahala
Doctrine: Conversion from Idolatry
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: Sin
[NEW] 1:9. Must be taught with explicit reference to Javanese veneration of pusaka (sacred heirlooms, especially the keris) and punden (village shrine sites), not only carved statues; turning from brahala means turning from any object or practice treated as a channel of spiritual power or protection.
Wrath
Approved rendering: bebendu
Transliteration: bebendu
Doctrine: God’s Wrath and Judgment
Original: ὀργή
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 1:10; 2:16; 5:9. Resonates with Ranggawarsita’s ‘age of wrath’ (Kalabendu), an impersonal cyclical calamity, rather than a personal God’s moral judgment on sin. Every occurrence needs a teaching note anchoring bebendu to personal, righteous, one-time divine judgment.
Quench The Spirit
Approved rendering: sampun ngendhoni pakaryanipun Roh Suci
Transliteration: sampun ngendhoni pakaryanipun Roh Suci
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work
Original: τὸ πνεῦμα μὴ σβέννυτε
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 5:19. Inherits Roh Suci’s Critical risk. Must be rendered as restraining/suppressing the Spirit’s active work, never as managing a spiritual potency (kasekten) that can be built up or dissipated by human ritual effort.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly for 1 Thessalonians 1:5; 2:2-9; 3:2 — the specific, authoritative apostolic message, not a generic religious teaching.
Peace
Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: katentreman
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1:1, 5:23.
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith (Christ’s death and resurrection, 4:14) must remain explicit in context. Occurs 1:3; 3:2-10; 4:14; 5:8.
Saints
Approved rendering: para suci
Transliteration: para suci
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 3:13, all believers accompanying Christ at his coming; never wali (venerated tomb-saints).
Church
Approved rendering: pasamuwan
Transliteration: pasamuwan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: punden
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1:1. Never punden.
Apostle
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Apostolic Suffering and Ministry
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 2:6, Paul, Silvanus, Timothy; never rasul.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Kratoning Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 2:12.
Satan
Approved rendering: Setan
Transliteration: Setan
Doctrine: Spiritual Opposition
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Sin
[NEW] 2:18. Shared vocabulary with Javanese Muslim usage is acceptable, parallel to ‘dosa’ in the Romans baseline, but must be anchored as a singular personal cosmic adversary of God, not folded into the folk category of dhemit/lelembut.
Tempter
Approved rendering: juru panggodha
Transliteration: juru panggodha
Doctrine: Spiritual Opposition
Original: ὁ πειράζων
Category: Sin
[NEW] 3:5. Must be understood as the same figure named Setan at 2:18, not a separate impersonal misfortune-force.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: katresnan
Transliteration: katresnan
Doctrine: Christian Community and Mutual Love
Rejected alternatives: utang budi
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
[NEW] 1:3; 4:9; 5:8. Katresnan spans romantic and familial senses in ordinary usage; must be anchored to self-giving love modeled on Christ, distinct from reciprocal social-debt love (utang budi, already forbidden for grace).
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: laku jina
Transliteration: laku jina
Doctrine: Sexual Purity
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 4:3. Shares vocabulary with the Islamic legal-criminal category of zina, a hudud offense with strict evidentiary/punitive dimensions. Must be taught as moral-relational sin against God and one’s own body/brother (4:6), not primarily a legal-criminal matter for communal punishment.
Impurity
Approved rendering: rereged
Transliteration: rereged
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἀκαθαρσία
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 4:7. Must be moral impurity before a personal God, distinct from ritual/ceremonial uncleanness addressed by kejawen purification practice before a slametan.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: pangandikaning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pangandikaning Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Original: λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: God
[NEW] 2:13. Distinguish from primbon (Javanese divination almanac) and guru-murid esoteric mystical lineage-transmission; God’s own historically-delivered message received through named apostolic preachers.
Holiness State
Approved rendering: kasucen
Transliteration: kasucen
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 3:13. Distinct noun from hagiasmos/pensucen (the Spirit’s ongoing process); kasucen names the resulting state of purity. Must not be used interchangeably with pensucen.
Deliver Rescue
Approved rendering: ngluwari
Transliteration: ngluwari
Doctrine: God’s Wrath and Judgment
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Salvation
[NEW] 1:10, the act of rescuing believers from coming wrath. Verb form distinct from the noun kaslametan; must not substitute for it.
Meet The Lord
Approved rendering: methuk Gusti
Transliteration: methuk Gusti
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: εἰς ἀπάντησιν τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 4:17. Methuk pictures a welcoming delegation going out to receive an arriving dignitary — a helpful cultural parallel provided it is not reduced to ordinary social etiquette detached from Christ’s absolute Lordship.
Cry Of Command
Approved rendering: pangandikaning dhawuh
Transliteration: pangandikaning dhawuh
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: κέλευσμα
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 4:16. Dhawuh’s keraton command associations correctly convey supreme authority but must be anchored to Christ’s own voice, not confused with any human ruler’s command.
Archangel
Approved rendering: pangarsaning malaekat
Transliteration: pangarsaning malaekat
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: arkanggel (transliteration)
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 4:16. Malaekat is shared, naturalized vocabulary with Indonesian Islamic usage; acceptable, but should not be elaborated with specific named-angel traditions from Islamic angelology.
Trumpet Of God
Approved rendering: kalasangka Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kalasangka Gusti Allah
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: σάλπιγξ Θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 4:16. Must be clearly cosmic and divine, not confused with a village kentongan or bende alarm used for mundane communal summons.
Sons Of Light Darkness
Approved rendering: putraning pepadhang / putraning pepeteng
Transliteration: putraning pepadhang / putraning pepeteng
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: υἱοὶ φωτός / υἱοὶ σκότους
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 5:5. Moral-relational contrast (belonging to God or not); must not be assimilated into a Javanese dualistic-balance framework treating light and dark as equally matched cosmic forces.
Comfort Bereavement
Approved rendering: paring panglipur
Transliteration: paring panglipur
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: παρακαλέω (comfort sense)
Category: Church
[NEW] 4:18; 5:11. Context-specific sense of parakaleō distinct from pitutur (moral exhortation, already baseline); used specifically to console the grieving. Must be tracked separately in translation memory so grief-comfort and moral exhortation are not conflated.
Spirit Soul Body
Approved rendering: roh, nyawa, lan badan
Transliteration: roh, nyawa, lan badan
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα καὶ ψυχὴ καὶ σῶμα
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 5:23. Avoid importing any kejawen tripartite soul-concept (distinguishing roh, nyawa, sukma with differing post-mortem destinies); the three terms must remain grammatically coordinate as the single joint object of one sanctifying verb, naming the whole person’s completeness.
Holy Righteous Blameless Conduct
Approved rendering: kanthi suci, bener, lan tanpa cacad
Transliteration: kanthi suci, bener, lan tanpa cacad
Doctrine: Apostolic Suffering and Ministry
Original: ἁγίως καὶ δικαίως καὶ ἀμέμπτως
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 2:10, Paul’s own conduct. The adverbial ‘bener’ describes observed ethical conduct, not the forensic ‘declared righteous’ sense of the baseline’s kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah; translators must not import the justification formula here.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: pamuji sukur
Transliteration: pamuji sukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1:2; 5:18.
Exhort
Approved rendering: pitutur
Transliteration: pitutur
Doctrine: Christian Community and Mutual Love
Original: παρακαλέω (building-up sense)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Moral-encouragement sense only (2:11-12; 4:1, 4:10; 5:11 general exhortation); kept distinct in this curriculum from the new bereavement-comfort sense paring panglipur (see comfort_bereavement).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: pameca
Transliteration: pameca
Doctrine: Prayer and Watchfulness
Rejected alternatives: primbon
Original: προφητεία
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 5:20, ‘do not despise prophecies’; distinct from primbon.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: katresnan pasedherekan
Transliteration: katresnan pasedherekan
Doctrine: Christian Community and Mutual Love
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
[NEW] 4:9-10. Fellow-believer love, God-taught; low ambiguity.
Joy
Approved rendering: kabungahan
Transliteration: kabungahan
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: kabegjan
Original: χαρά
Category: Hope in Grief
[NEW] 1:6. Spirit-given gladness amid affliction; kabegjan rejected for its ‘luck/fortune’ connotation.
Affliction
Approved rendering: kasangsaran
Transliteration: kasangsaran
Doctrine: Apostolic Suffering and Ministry
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Hope in Grief
[NEW] 1:6; 3:3, 3:7. Standard suffering vocabulary; should not be flattened into ordinary bad luck (sial).
Imitators
Approved rendering: tuladha
Transliteration: tuladha
Doctrine: Apostolic Suffering and Ministry
Original: μιμηταί
Category: Church
[NEW] 2:14. Plain descriptive term.
Boldness
Approved rendering: kekendelan
Transliteration: kekendelan
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Original: παρρησία
Category: Ministry
[NEW] 2:2. Standard vocabulary.
Establish Strengthen
Approved rendering: netepaken
Transliteration: netepaken
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: στηρίζω
Category: Ministry
[NEW] 3:2, 3:13. Standard pastoral vocabulary.
Vessel
Approved rendering: wadah
Transliteration: wadah
Doctrine: Sexual Purity
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 4:4. Metaphor for one’s own body.
Honor
Approved rendering: kaurmatan
Transliteration: kaurmatan
Doctrine: Sexual Purity
Original: τιμή
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 4:4. Standard vocabulary.
Passion Lust
Approved rendering: hawa nepsu
Transliteration: hawa nepsu
Doctrine: Sexual Purity
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 4:5. Must be anchored to desire opposed to God’s will, not merely any strong feeling.
Live Quietly
Approved rendering: gesang kalawan sepi ing pamrih lan tenang
Transliteration: gesang kalawan sepi ing pamrih lan tenang
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἡσυχάζω
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 4:11. Descriptive ethical term.
Clouds
Approved rendering: mega
Transliteration: mega
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: νεφέλαι
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 4:17. Plain descriptive term with OT theophany background.
Air
Approved rendering: awang-awang
Transliteration: awang-awang
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: ἀήρ
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 4:17. Plain descriptive term.
Thief Metaphor
Approved rendering: maling
Transliteration: maling
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: κλέπτης
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 5:2, 5:4. Metaphor for suddenness; must not stand free-floating without naming Dintenipun Gusti in the same sentence, lest it be absorbed into generic proverbial caution about misfortune (sial).
Crown Of Boasting
Approved rendering: makuthaning kabegjan
Transliteration: makuthaning kabegjan
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: στέφανος καυχήσεως
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 2:19. Positive royal-victor imagery; keep distinct from literal keraton regalia so the metaphor is not trivialized.
Test Everything
Approved rendering: titi mriksani samukawis
Transliteration: titi mriksani samukawis
Doctrine: Prayer and Watchfulness
Original: πάντα δοκιμάζετε
Category: Eschatology
[NEW] 5:21. Standard vocabulary.
Those Who Remain
Approved rendering: sing isih gesang / sing kantun
Transliteration: sing isih gesang / sing kantun
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
[NEW] 4:15, 4:17. Plain descriptive phrase for living believers at Christ’s coming.
Will Not Precede
Approved rendering: ora bakal ndhisiki
Transliteration: ora bakal ndhisiki
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
[NEW] 4:15. Straightforward comparative verb; no doctrinal collision.
Be Patient
Approved rendering: sabar
Transliteration: sabar
Doctrine: Christian Community and Mutual Love
Original: μακροθυμέω
Category: Hope in Grief
[NEW] 5:14. Standard vocabulary.
Admonish
Approved rendering: ngengetaken
Transliteration: ngengetaken
Doctrine: Christian Community and Mutual Love
Original: νουθετέω
Category: Church
[NEW] 5:14. Standard pastoral-community vocabulary.
Rejoice
Approved rendering: bungah
Transliteration: bungah
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: χαίρω
Category: Hope in Grief
[NEW] 5:16. Standard vocabulary.
Faithful God
Approved rendering: setya
Transliteration: setya
Doctrine: Divine Election
Original: πιστός
Category: God
[NEW] 5:24. Descriptive attribute of God’s reliable character; the surrounding ‘calling’ language it modifies retains its High baseline risk.
Blameless
Approved rendering: tanpa cacad
Transliteration: tanpa cacad
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἄμεμπτος / ἀμέμπτως
Category: Sanctification
[NEW] 2:10; 3:13; 5:23. Standard ethical descriptor, kept until Christ’s coming.
Referenced passages