Semantic Analysis
Semantic Analysis: Revelation (English → Javanese)
Phase 1, Step 1 — Full Book Coverage in Koine Greek
Curriculum: Revelation 1–22
Core passage: Revelation 21:1–8
Destination language: Javanese (formal krama register, Latin script)
Baseline authority: Romans translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, doctrine_risk_registry.json — all established renderings below are reused exactly where the same term recurs in Revelation.
Governing note on the book title itself. The established Indonesian/Javanese Bible convention names this book “Wahyu” (e.g., citation form Wahyu 1:1). This is a direct, load-bearing collision with the baseline package’s forbidden-substitution list: wahyu is explicitly banned there as a rendering for calling, calling (noun), glory, election, and providence, because it denotes the impersonal, transferable Javanese mystical mandate-light believed to legitimize a ruler (e.g., Wahyu Cakraningrat). Because the fixed citation title cannot be changed without breaking cross-reference conventions, this package adopts a split policy: retain “Wahyu” only as the immutable proper-noun book title/citation form, but never use lowercase wahyu as the common-noun rendering of ἀποκάλυψις (“unveiling/disclosure”) within doctrinal exposition, headings, or running text — use kawiyakan instead (see Ch. 1). This distinction must be preserved in every Phase 2 document and flagged Critical throughout.
PART A — Core Passage: Revelation 21:1–8 (Verse-by-Verse)
Revelation 21:1
Καὶ εἶδον οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν· ὁ γὰρ πρῶτος οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ πρώτη γῆ ἀπῆλθαν, καὶ ἡ θάλασσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι.
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| new | καινός / kainos | fresh, of a new kind (not merely recent) | qualitatively new vs. merely repaired/renewed | ”new,” “renewed” | Not a patched-up version of the old cosmos but a fundamentally new order inaugurated by God | enggal — Medium. Krama register; must not be read as “recently made” (implying the old creation was merely refurbished) but as a qualitatively new act of God parallel to the new creation already promised in the gospel. |
| heaven | οὐρανός / ouranos | sky, the heavens; by extension God’s dwelling | physical sky / abode of God / totality of the created heavens | ”heaven,” “sky,” “the heavens” | Part of the created cosmos now renewed, not merely the unseen spiritual realm | langit — Low. Standard, non-controversial term. |
| earth | γῆ / gē | ground, land, the earth as a whole | soil / territory / the physical planet / “the world" | "earth,” “land,” “world” | The physical created order, renewed rather than annihilated | bumi — Low. |
| sea | θάλασσα / thalassa | sea, large body of water | literal sea / symbol of chaos, cosmic threat, and the abode from which the beast arises (13:1) | “sea,” “the deep” | Its removal signals the final defeat of chaos and everything hostile to God’s order that Revelation associates with the sea (13:1; cf. Dan 7:3) | sagara — Medium. Must carry a teaching note that “the sea is no more” is not a literal geography claim but the removal of the last locus of cosmic disorder and evil’s origin-point in the book’s own symbolism. |
Revelation 21:2
καὶ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἁγίαν Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινὴν εἶδον καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἡτοιμασμένην ὡς νύμφην κεκοσμημένην τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς.
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| holy city | πόλις … ἁγία / polis hagia | set-apart city | the covenant community’s eschatological home | ”holy city,” “the sacred city” | God’s people as a corporate dwelling-place, not a shrine-site | Kitha Suci — Medium. Reuses baseline suci (never kramat, per baseline note) for “holy,” combined with kitha (city). Must not evoke a pilgrimage/shrine site. |
| Jerusalem | Ἰερουσαλήμ / Ierousalēm | proper name | earthly city / eschatological symbol for the whole redeemed people | ”Jerusalem” | The eschatological, heavenly fulfillment of the covenant city, descending — not ascended to by human effort | Yerusalem — Low. Established Indonesian-archipelago Bible proper-name form. |
| descending | καταβαίνουσαν / katabainousan | coming down, descending | movement from heaven to earth | ”coming down,” “descending” | God’s initiative — the city comes down from God; humanity does not ascend to it | tumurun — Medium. Must preserve the directionality: God’s action toward humanity, not human mystical ascent (a distinction relevant to a culture with ascetic-ascent spiritual traditions). |
| bride | νύμφη / nymphē | bride, young married woman | woman prepared for marriage / the Church as Christ’s covenant partner | ”bride,” “wife-to-be” | The Church in her final, consummated covenant union with Christ | panganten (adjectival: “kadya panganten”) — Critical. See Ch. 19, 21b (Bride of Christ doctrine) for full risk notes on garwanipun Sang Cempe. |
| adorned | κεκοσμημένην / kekosmēmenēn | arrayed, decorated, made beautiful | ornamentation / moral and spiritual readiness | ”adorned,” “beautifully dressed” | Not self-achieved beauty but a readiness given and bestowed | kaajengan/kaéndahan (dandanan ingkang éndah) — Low-Medium. |
Revelation 21:3
καὶ ἤκουσα φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ θρόνου λεγούσης· ἰδοὺ ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ θεοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ σκηνώσει μετ’ αὐτῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ λαοὶ αὐτοῦ ἔσονται, καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς μετ’ αὐτῶν ἔσται [αὐτῶν θεός].
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| throne | θρόνος / thronos | seat of royal/judicial authority | God’s/Christ’s sovereign seat, introduced fully in ch. 4 | ”throne” | The source of the authoritative voice announcing the new order | dhampar — High. See Ch. 4 for full risk note (keraton collision). |
| tabernacle/dwell | σκηνή, σκηνόω / skēnē, skēnōsei | tent; “he will tent/pitch his tent among” | God’s presence dwelling among his people (echoes the wilderness tabernacle and John 1:14’s incarnational “tented” language) | “dwelling,” “tabernacle,” “he will dwell” | The fulfillment of Immanuel — God permanently, bodily present with his people, not a temporary or occasional visitation | jumeneng dedalem (Gusti Allah badhé jumeneng dedalem sesarengan tiyang) — Critical. Root theological link to the Incarnation doctrine (baseline: Gusti Allah dados manungsa). Must be taught as permanent covenantal presence, not the periodic descent of a spirit invited into a shrine or the temporary manifestation motif found in wayang stories of gods visiting mortals (cf. baseline “Humanity of Christ” doctrine note). |
| people(s) | λαοί / laoi | peoples, populations | covenant people (singular sense intended, “his people,” despite plural form in some MSS) | “people,” “his people” | The formula echoes OT covenant language (“I will be their God, they will be my people”) | umat — Medium. |
| God | θεός / theos | God | the one true God | ”God” | Full covenant fulfillment — God himself present, not a delegated intermediary | Gusti Allah — Critical. Baseline term reused exactly; never shortened to bare Gusti. |
Revelation 21:4
καὶ ἐξαλείψει πᾶν δάκρυον ἐκ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ ὁ θάνατος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι οὔτε πένθος οὔτε κραυγὴ οὔτε πόνος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι, ὅτι τὰ πρῶτα ἀπῆλθαν.
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wipe away | ἐξαλείφω / exaleiphō | to wipe off, erase, obliterate | removal so complete no trace remains | ”wipe away,” “erase” | God’s own tender, personal action (first used in 7:17) removing all sorrow permanently | ngusapi — Low-Medium. Should retain the personal, tender, first-person-agent sense (God himself does this) rather than a passive “tears will be gone.” |
| death | θάνατος / thanatos | death | physical death / the reigning power of death (cf. “Death and Hades,” ch. 6, 20) | “death” | The very last enemy is abolished — no more death of any kind, ever | pati — Critical. Must be distinguished sharply from the “second death” (below) and from any construal of death as merely a transition into a further cycle of existence. |
| mourning | πένθος / penthos | grief, mourning | funeral lament / grief over loss | ”mourning,” “grief” | Grief tied to death and loss, now permanently removed | sesambat/tangis kadurjanan → pandhesek — Low. Simplify: sungkawa (grief/sorrow) — Low. |
| crying/outcry | κραυγή / kraugē | a cry, shout, outcry | cry of distress or pain | ”crying,” “outcry” | The cry of suffering and lament, ended | panjerit — Low. |
| pain | πόνος / ponos | toil, pain, suffering | physical/laborious pain | ”pain,” “suffering” | Bodily and existential suffering, permanently ended | kasakitan — Low. |
Revelation 21:5
Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ· ἰδοὺ καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα. καὶ λέγει· γράψον, ὅτι οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί εἰσιν.
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the one seated on the throne | ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ / ho kathēmenos epi tō thronō | the one sitting upon the throne | recurring throne-room title for God (ch. 4–5, 20, 21) | “he who sits on the throne” | Direct divine speech — God himself, not a delegated angelic messenger, speaks the climactic word of renewal | ingkang jumeneng ing dhampar — Critical. “Jumeneng” (krama inggil “to sit/be enthroned,” reserved for royalty and the divine) intensifies rather than dilutes the honor; context must make clear this exceeds any earthly keraton figure (see Ch. 4). |
| write | γράψον / grapson (imperative of γράφω) | write! | command to record | ”write,” “write this down” | Establishes the certainty and permanence of the promise as inscribed, authoritative revelation | serat/tulisen — Low. |
| faithful and true | πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί / pistoi kai alēthinoi | trustworthy and real/genuine | reliable, dependable / not false or illusory | ”faithful and true,” “trustworthy and genuine” | The identical divine title given to Christ himself in 19:11 (“Faithful and True”), here applied to God’s own words — the promise of renewal is as certain as God’s character | setya tuhu lan sanyata — High. Must be rendered identically at 19:11 and 21:5 per cross-document consistency rules (parallel to the baseline’s Romans 1:16–17 / 8:28 consistency mandate). |
Revelation 21:6
καὶ εἶπέν μοι· γέγοναν. ἐγώ [εἰμι] τὸ ἄλφα καὶ τὸ ὦ, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος. ἐγὼ τῷ διψῶντι δώσω αὐτῷ πιεῖν ἐκ τῆς πηγῆς τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς δωρεάν.
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| It is done | γέγοναν / gegonan | it has come to pass, it is finished/accomplished | completion, fulfillment | ”It is done,” “It has happened” | Echoes the finality of Christ’s cross-word (“It is finished,” John 19:30); the new creation is announced as an accomplished, certain fact, not a hoped-for possibility | sampun kelampahan — Medium. |
| Alpha and Omega | Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ / Alpha kai Ō | first and last letters of the Greek alphabet | totality, comprehensiveness, eternality | ”Alpha and Omega,” “the First and the Last” | Divine self-identification as the eternal beginning and end of all things (echoing 1:8, 22:13); applied to Christ in 22:13 — a direct claim to deity | Alfa lan Omega — Critical. Transliterate per the baseline precedent for Abba (retain untranslated to preserve the theological force of a title that spans both Testaments’ divine self-disclosure); never substitute a vague Javanese equivalent like “wiwitan lan pungkasan” alone, which would lose the deliberate alphabetic totality-image. |
| beginning and end | ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος / archē kai to telos | source/origin and completion/goal | first cause and final purpose | ”the Beginning and the End” | Paired explanatory gloss on Alpha/Omega; God as origin and consummation of history — directly grounds the doctrine of God’s Sovereignty over History | wiwitan lan wekasan — High. Must be taught alongside Alfa lan Omega, not as a separate softer substitute for it. |
| thirsty | διψῶντι / dipsōnti | thirsting, one who thirsts | physical thirst / spiritual longing (cf. John 4:14; 7:37) | “thirsty,” “one who thirsts” | Whoever longs for life is invited, without qualification or class distinction | ngelak — Low. |
| spring of the water of life | πηγῆς τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς / pēgēs tou hydatos tēs zōēs | fountain/spring of the water of life | source of life-giving water (first introduced 7:17; echoed 22:1, 17) | “fountain of the water of life,” “spring of living water” | God himself as the inexhaustible source of eternal life | sumbering tirta gesang — Medium. Must be kept consistent with the river of the water of life in ch. 22. |
| freely/without cost | δωρεάν / dōrean | as a gift, gratis, without payment | free of charge / undeserved gift (same root family as χάρις, “grace”) | “freely,” “as a gift,” “without cost” | Directly parallels the baseline’s grace doctrine — life is given, not purchased, earned, or repaid | tanpa mbayar (paring kanthi lelahanan) — Critical. Must reinforce, exactly as the baseline’s sih-rahmat notes require, that nothing is owed in return — explicitly guarding against reading this as a transaction incurring utang budi (reciprocal social debt). |
Revelation 21:7
ὁ νικῶν κληρονομήσει ταῦτα, καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτῷ θεὸς καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι υἱός.
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the one who overcomes | ὁ νικῶν / ho nikōn | the one conquering/prevailing | victorious perseverance, esp. under persecution (refrain of the seven letters, ch. 2–3; cf. 12:11) | “he who overcomes,” “the victor,” “the one who conquers” | Not military conquest but faithful endurance to the end, vindicated at the resurrection/judgment | ingkang menang — High. Central term for Perseverance doctrine; must not collapse into passive Javanese nrimo (fatalistic acceptance, already rejected in baseline for providence) — this is active, hope-fueled endurance that God himself vindicates. |
| inherit | κληρονομήσει / klēronomēsei | to receive as an heir, to inherit | legal inheritance / receiving a promised portion | ”will inherit,” “will receive as an heir” | The overcomer receives the full inheritance of the new creation — echoes and completes the baseline’s adoption doctrine (full son-status, full inheritance rights) | badhé nampi pusaka — Medium. |
| son | υἱός / huios | son | family relationship, heir-status | ”son,” “child” | Here the believer’s adoptive sonship (plural application of the baseline’s pengangkatan dadi putra doctrine) — must be kept sharply distinct from Christ’s unique, eternal Sonship (Putrané Gusti Allah, Critical, singular and unrepeatable) | putra — High. Flag risk: never let “putra” here be confused with the Christological title Putrané Gusti Allah; the believer’s sonship is derivative and adoptive, Christ’s is eternal and unique. |
Revelation 21:8
τοῖς δὲ δειλοῖς καὶ ἀπίστοις καὶ ἐβδελυγμένοις καὶ φονεῦσι καὶ πόρνοις καὶ φαρμακοῖς καὶ εἰδωλολάτραις καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ψευδέσιν τὸ μέρος αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ λίμνῃ τῇ καιομένῃ πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ, ὅ ἐστιν ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος.
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Semantic Range | English Variants | Contextual Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cowardly | δειλοῖς / deilois | fearful, timid, cowardly | those who abandon faith under pressure/fear (contrasts directly with “the one who overcomes,” v. 7) | “cowardly,” “fearful” | Failure of perseverance under persecution, the direct negative counterpart of the doctrine of faithful witness | jirih — Medium. |
| unbelieving | ἀπίστοις / apistois | faithless, without trust | absence of the trust described by baseline pitados | ”unbelieving,” “faithless” | Direct antonym of the baseline’s faith doctrine — object of trust (Christ) never given | tanpa pitados — High. Built directly on baseline term pitados; never render with a separate unrelated word that would obscure the direct antonym relationship. |
| detestable/abominable | ἐβδελυγμένοις / ebdelygmenois | those who are detestable, morally abhorrent | moral corruption provoking disgust | ”abominable,” “vile,” “detestable” | Moral corruption that is repugnant to God’s holiness | ingkang njijiki — Medium. |
| idolater | εἰδωλολάτραις / eidōlolatrais | idol-worshippers | worship rendered to images/false gods | ”idolaters,” “idol worshippers” | Direct violation of exclusive worship due to God/the Lamb alone (see Ch. 13, worship of the beast) | tiyang ingkang nyembah brahala — High. Brahala is the classical Javanese term for a carved idol/false god, kept deliberately distinct from ancestor-veneration vocabulary (already flagged in baseline: leluhur, punden) so this term targets image-worship specifically, not filial ancestor respect. |
| liars | ψευδέσιν / pseudesin | those who are false, liars | falsehood, deception | ”liars,” “the false” | Contrasted with “Faithful and True” (v. 5) — total opposite of God’s own trustworthy character | para tukang dora — Medium. |
| lake of fire and sulfur | λίμνῃ … πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ / limnē pyri kai theiō | lake burning with fire and sulfur (brimstone) | place/state of final judgment (first named 19:20; repeated 20:10, 14–15) | “lake of fire,” “lake of fire and brimstone” | Final, irreversible judgment reserved for the unrepentant; not a purificatory or transitional state | tlaga geni saha welirang — Critical. Must be taught as final and irreversible, distinct from any Javanese notion of a purgative trial-place (e.g., mythic forging/testing sites in wayang tradition) that a soul might pass through toward a better state. |
| the second death | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος / ho thanatos ho deuteros | the death, the second one | final, eternal separation from God (first introduced 2:11; explained 20:14) | “the second death” | Definitive, ultimate judgment beyond physical death — the opposite pole from the “no more death” of v. 4 | pati kang kaping pindho — Critical. Requires an explicit translator note every occurrence distinguishing this from ordinary bodily death (pati, v. 4) and guarding against any reading of “death” as a passage into a further cycle of existence rather than a final, fixed state. |
PART B — Chapter-by-Chapter Analysis of the Whole Book
Chapter 1 — Prologue, Christophany
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| revelation/unveiling (common noun) | ἀποκάλυψις / apokalypsis | uncovering, unveiling, disclosure | ”revelation,” “apocalypse” | God’s own act of disclosing Christ’s identity and the shape of history to come | kawiyakan — Critical. See governing note above: the book’s fixed citation title remains “Wahyu”, but this common noun must never be rendered wahyu in running theological text — that word is reserved on the forbidden list for the impersonal, transferable royal-mandate concept. Kawiyakan (from wiyak, “to open/uncover”) avoids the collision. |
| testimony | μαρτυρία / martyria | witness, testimony given | ”testimony,” “witness” | John’s authoritative eyewitness testimony to God’s word and Christ | paseksen — High. See doctrine “Perseverance and Faithful Witness”; keep distinct from and complementary to seksi (the witness-agent) below. |
| Almighty | Παντοκράτωρ / Pantokratōr | ruler of all, all-powerful one | ”Almighty,” “the All-Powerful One” | Divine title asserting total sovereignty over history — grounds “Sovereignty of God over History” doctrine | Mahakuwaos (Gusti Allah ingkang Mahakuwaos) — High. Builds on baseline panguwaosipun Gusti Allah; never rendered with kasekten. |
| who is, who was, who is to come | ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος | the one being, having been, and coming | ”who is and who was and who is to come” | Eternal, unchanging divine existence spanning all history | ingkang wonten, ingkang wus wonten, saha ingkang badhé rawuh — High. |
| the Lord Jesus / firstborn of the dead / ruler of kings | ὁ πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν, ὁ ἄρχων τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς | firstborn from the dead, ruler of earth’s kings | ”firstborn of the dead,” “ruler of the kings of the earth” | Christ’s resurrection supremacy and universal lordship over all earthly rulers | Uses baseline wungu saka pati (resurrection) and Gusti (lordship); combined title flagged Critical per baseline resurrection/lordship notes. |
| lampstands / seven churches | λυχνίαι / ἐκκλησίαι | lampstands / assemblies | ”lampstands,” “churches” | Local congregations as light-bearers | Church = baseline pasamuwan (reused exactly); lampstand = lampu/dilah — Low. |
| key of Death and Hades | κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου | key of death and Hades | ”the keys of Death and Hades” | Christ’s authority over death itself, grounding assurance doctrine | kunci pati lan Hadès — High. |
Chapter 2 — Letters to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the one who overcomes | ὁ νικῶν | conqueror/victor | ”he who overcomes” | Introduces the refrain fully developed at 21:7 | ingkang menang — High (see 21:7 note). |
| tree of life | ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | wood/tree of life | ”tree of life” | Eden restored; access to eternal life for the overcomer | wit gesang — Medium; consistent with ch. 22. |
| the second death | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | the second death | ”the second death” | First mention of the term fully explained later (20:14; 21:8) | pati kang kaping pindho — Critical (see 21:8 note). |
| crown of life | στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς | wreath/crown of life | ”crown of life” | Victor’s reward for enduring testing/persecution unto death | makuthaning gesang — Medium. |
| hidden manna, white stone | μάννα, ψῆφος λευκή | manna; white pebble | ”hidden manna,” “white stone” | Intimate, secret reward and new identity given by Christ | manna ingkang cinandhet, sela pethak — Low. |
| synagogue of Satan | συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ | assembly of Satan | ”synagogue of Satan” | Opposition disguised as religious legitimacy | Uses Setan (see ch. 12) — High. |
| morning star | ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός | the morning star | ”morning star” | Christ’s own future gift/identity, echoed in 22:16 | lintang panjer rina — Medium; keep consistent with ch. 22. |
Chapter 3 — Letters to Sardis, Philadelphia, Laodicea
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| book of life | βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | book/scroll of life | ”book of life” | The registry of those who belong to God, guaranteeing final vindication | Kitab Gesang — High. Consistent through 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27. |
| key of David | ἡ κλεὶς Δαυίδ | the key of David | ”key of David” | Christ’s messianic authority to open/close access to God’s kingdom | kunciné Dawud — High. Uses baseline proper name Dawud. |
| the Holy One, the True One | ὁ ἅγιος, ὁ ἀληθινός | the Holy One, the True One | ”Holy and True” | Divine title anticipating “Faithful and True” (19:11; 21:5) | Builds on baseline suci + sanyata — High. |
| Amen, the faithful and true witness | ὁ Ἀμήν, ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστὸς καὶ ὁ ἀληθινός | the Amen; the faithful and true witness | ”the Amen,” “the faithful and true witness” | Christ as the ultimate faithful martyr/witness, model for the church’s own perseverance | Sang Amin, seksi ingkang setya tuhu lan sanyata — Critical. |
| lukewarm | χλιαρός | neither hot nor cold | ”lukewarm” | Spiritual complacency, not a doctrinal term but pastorally significant | kepenak-kepenak (ora bening ora panas) — Low, cultural/pastoral note only. |
| door standing open | θύρα ἀνεῳγμένη | an opened door | ”open door” | Access to God’s presence/kingdom | kori kang menga — Low. |
Chapter 4 — Throne Room Vision
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| throne | θρόνος | seat of royal authority | ”throne” | God’s absolute sovereignty over history and creation, the central image of the book | dhampar — High. Dhampar (the Javanese royal throne, as in dhampar kencana) carries helpful cosmological weight but must be explicitly distinguished from an earthly keraton’s throne (Yogyakarta/Surakarta), parallel to the baseline’s caution on Kratoning Gusti Allah. |
| twenty-four elders | εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι | twenty-four elders | ”24 elders” | Representative heavenly worship-leaders (possibly representing the whole covenant people) | patlikur pinituwa — Medium. |
| living creatures | ζῷα | living beings | ”living creatures” | Angelic/cherubic worship-beings surrounding God’s throne, not literal zoo animals | makluk-makluk gesang — Medium. Avoid a generic word for “animal” (kewan) that would flatten these into ordinary creatures. |
| Holy, Holy, Holy | ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος | holy, holy, holy | ”Holy, holy, holy” | Trisagion — the intensity of God’s set-apart holiness, echoing Isaiah 6 | Suci, Suci, Suci — High. Reuses baseline suci exactly, threefold repetition retained. |
| worthy | ἄξιος | fitting, deserving | ”worthy” | God’s sole deservingness of all worship and honor | pantes — Low-Medium. |
| glory, honor, power | δόξα, τιμή, δύναμις | glory, honor, might | ”glory and honor and power” | Doxological ascription belonging to God alone | Glory = baseline kamulyan; honor = kaurmatan; power = baseline panguwaosipun Gusti Allah root, here panguwaos — Medium-High. |
Chapter 5 — The Lamb and the Scroll
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamb | ἀρνίον | little lamb, lamb | Christ’s central sacrificial-victorious title, used ~28x in Revelation | ”Lamb,” “the Lamb of God” | Christ as the slain-yet-living, worthy, worshipped Redeemer-King — the book’s central Christological title and the anchor of “Worship of the Lamb” doctrine |
| slain | ἐσφαγμένον | slaughtered | ”slain,” “who was slain” | The Lamb’s death is the ground of his worthiness and worship | kang wus katelasan (kang sinembelèh) — High. |
| new song | ᾆσμα καινόν | a new song | ”new song” | Worship response unique to redemption accomplished, echoed 14:3 | kidung enggal — Medium. |
| purchased/redeemed | ἠγόρασας | bought, purchased | ”you purchased,” “redeemed” | Atonement expressed as a redemptive purchase by blood — direct link to the baseline’s Grace and Salvation doctrines | mundhut kanthi rah (nebus) — Critical. Must preserve the costliness of the purchase (blood) while still teaching, per the baseline’s grace notes, that the benefit to the redeemed remains an unearned gift, not a debt the redeemed owe back. |
| kingdom and priests | βασιλείαν καὶ ἱερεῖς | a kingdom, priests | ”a kingdom and priests” | The redeemed community’s identity — royal priesthood status | Kratoning Gusti Allah root + para imam — Medium. |
| worthy | ἄξιος | reused from ch. 4 | — | Applied here specifically to the Lamb | pantes — reused; Critical when directly modifying Sang Cempe. |
Chapter 6 — The Seals; Four Horsemen
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| seal | σφραγίς | seal (wax/signet impression) | “seal” | Divine authorization controlling the unfolding of history — grounds “Sovereignty of God over History” | cap — Medium. |
| Death and Hades | ὁ θάνατος καὶ ὁ ᾅδης | Death and Hades (personified) | “Death and Hades” | Personified powers permitted limited, temporary authority under God’s sovereign control | Pati lan Hadès — High. |
| souls of those slain | ψυχαὶ τῶν ἐσφαγμένων | souls of the slaughtered | ”souls of those slain,” “martyrs” | The martyrs’ cry for vindication — grounds “Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints” | nyawanipun para ingkang dipatèni — High. |
| how long? | ἕως πότε | until when? | “how long?” | The saints’ urgent appeal to God’s justice, answered progressively through the book | ngantos pinten dangunipun? — Medium. |
| wrath of the Lamb | ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου | the Lamb’s wrath | ”wrath of the Lamb” | The Lamb who was slain is also the righteous Judge — paradox central to the book’s Christology | bebenduning Sang Cempe — High. |
Chapter 7 — The 144,000 and the Great Multitude
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 144,000 | ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες | 144,000 | ”144,000” | Symbolic totality of God’s sealed people (12 tribes × 12 × 1,000), not a numerically restricted headcount | satus patang puluh papat èwu — Medium. Must carry teaching note on symbolic (not arithmetic-literal) reading — grounds the “Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation” doctrine. |
| sealed | σφραγίζω | to seal, mark | ”sealed” | God’s ownership and protective mark upon his servants | kacap — Medium; same root as ch. 6. |
| great multitude, no one could count | ὄχλος πολύς, ὃν ἀριθμῆσαι αὐτὸν οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο | a great crowd, uncountable | ”great multitude” | Universal scope of salvation — grounds “Universal Scope of the Gospel” from the Romans baseline, now applied eschatologically | wong akèh ingkang tanpa wilangan — High. |
| salvation belongs to our God | ἡ σωτηρία τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν | salvation [belongs] to our God | ”Salvation belongs to our God” | Doxological ascription: salvation is God’s own accomplishment, not humanly achieved | Reuses baseline kaslametan exactly — Critical. Requires the same translator note as in Romans distinguishing Christ’s accomplished rescue from the slametan ritual meal. |
| out of the great tribulation | ἐκ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς μεγάλης | out of the great tribulation | ”the great tribulation” | The saints’ suffering under persecution, now vindicated | saking kasangsaran ingkang ageng — High. |
| wipe away every tear | ἐξαλείψει πᾶν δάκρυον | reused, first occurrence | — | First appearance of the 21:4 promise | ngusapi — Low-Medium (reused; see 21:4). |
Chapter 8 — The Trumpets Begin
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trumpet | σάλπιγξ | trumpet | ”trumpet” | Instrument announcing successive divine judgments — orderly, not chaotic, unfolding of judgment | kalasangka — Low. |
| incense, prayers of the saints | θυμιάμα, προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων | incense; prayers of the holy ones | ”incense,” “prayers of the saints” | The saints’ prayers rise to God as acceptable worship, prompting his response in history | dupa, dedonganipun para suci — Medium. Reuses baseline para suci. |
| wormwood | Ἄψινθος | wormwood (bitter plant) | “Wormwood” | Judgment rendering waters bitter and deadly — symbolic ecological judgment | apsintus (transliterated) — Low. |
Chapter 9 — The Fifth and Sixth Trumpets
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abyss/bottomless pit | ἄβυσσος | the abyss, bottomless pit | ”abyss,” “bottomless pit” | The prison-realm of demonic forces, opened only by God’s permission | jurang tanpa dhasar — Medium. Should avoid evoking the Javanese mythic “kawah candradimuka” (a forging/testing crater, not a place of confinement/punishment), which would import the wrong association. |
| Apollyon/Abaddon | Ἀπολλύων / Ἀβαδδών | Destroyer | ”Apollyon,” “the Destroyer” | The demonic king of the abyss’s forces, still subordinate to God’s sovereign permission | Apolyon (transliterated) — Low-Medium. |
| locusts | ἀκρίδες | locusts | ”locusts” | Symbolic instruments of limited, God-permitted torment, not agricultural pests literally | walang — Low, with symbolic-reading note. |
Chapter 10 — The Little Scroll
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| little scroll | βιβλαρίδιον / μικρὸν βιβλίον | small book/scroll | ”little scroll” | Prophetic commissioning — sweet to receive, bitter to proclaim | kitab cilik — Low. |
| seven thunders | ἑπτὰ βρονταί | seven thunders | ”seven thunders” | Deliberately undisclosed divine speech — God’s sovereignty includes what he chooses not to reveal | pitung gludhug — Low. |
| no more delay | χρόνος οὐκέτι ἔσται | there will no longer be time/delay | ”there will be no more delay” | God’s timetable for history’s consummation is fixed and imminent | ora ana wangsulan malih (mboten badhé lami-lami malih) — Medium. |
Chapter 11 — The Two Witnesses; Seventh Trumpet
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| two witnesses | δύο μάρτυρες | two witnesses | ”two witnesses” | Faithful prophetic testimony maintained even unto death, then vindicated by resurrection | kalih seksi — High. Builds on seksi (see ch. 1, 6, 12, 17). |
| beast (first mention) | θηρίον | beast, wild animal | ”beast” | First appearance of the book’s chief anti-God power (fully developed ch. 13) | kewan galak — High (see ch. 13). |
| the kingdom of the world has become our Lord’s and his Christ’s | ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου … τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ | the kingdom of the world [became] our Lord’s and his Anointed’s | ”the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ” | Central proclamation of “The Return and Reign of Christ” — the decisive turning point of the whole book | Reuses baseline Kratoning Gusti Allah, Gusti, and Sang Mesias exactly — Critical. |
| ark of the covenant | ἡ κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης | the covenant chest/box | ”ark of the covenant” | God’s covenant faithfulness visibly present in the heavenly temple | peti prajanjian — Medium. Reuses baseline prajanjian. |
Chapter 12 — The Woman, the Dragon, Michael
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dragon | δράκων | dragon, serpent-monster | ”dragon” | Symbol of Satan, the great adversary of God and his people | naga — Critical. Naga in Javanese/Hindu-Buddhist-influenced tradition is often a protective or ambiguous mythic figure (e.g., guardian serpents decorating keraton gateways, Sang Hyang Anantaboga), NOT inherently evil. Every occurrence must pair naga with an explicit identifying gloss (“naga, inggih menika Iblis / ula ingkang kuna”) so it is never read as a neutral or beneficent mythic being. |
| the ancient serpent | ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος | the ancient/original snake | ”the ancient serpent” | Identifies the dragon explicitly with the Genesis 3 deceiver | ula ingkang kuna — High. |
| the Devil | ὁ διάβολος | the slanderer/accuser | ”the Devil” | Personal, defeated enemy of God and the saints | Iblis — High. Shared vocabulary with Islamic tradition (as dosa is shared for “sin” in the baseline); must be explicitly anchored to the biblical narrative (the rebellious accuser defeated by the blood of the Lamb, Rev 12:9–11), not left as the Qur’anic Iblis narrative (refusal to bow before Adam). |
| Satan | ὁ Σατανᾶς | the adversary | ”Satan” | Same figure, alternate title | Setan — High. Same shared-vocabulary caution as Iblis above. |
| they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony | ἐνίκησαν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν | they conquered him through the Lamb’s blood and their testimony’s word | ”they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony” | The doctrinal center of “Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution” — victory is Christ’s atoning blood plus faithful testimony, not the believer’s own strength | Sang Cempe, paseksen, ingkang menang combined — Critical. |
| war in heaven | πόλεμος ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ | war in heaven | ”war in heaven” | Cosmic conflict resolved by Christ’s victory, not an ongoing unresolved struggle | perang ing swarga — Medium. |
Chapter 13 — The Two Beasts; Mark of the Beast
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| beast from the sea | θηρίον … ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης | beast from the sea | ”the beast” | Anti-Christ political/religious power demanding worship — counterfeit of Christ’s own resurrection and authority | kewan galak ingkang saking sagara — High. |
| mark | χάραγμα | engraving, stamp, mark | ”mark” | Sign of allegiance to the beast’s system, contrasted with God’s own seal on his servants (ch. 7) | tandha — High. |
| number of the beast, 666 | ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου, ἑξήκοντα ἕξ | the beast’s number, six hundred sixty-six | ”666,” “the number of the beast” | Symbolic imperfection/falling-short repeated three times, contrasted with the completeness of 7 and 12 — grounds the doctrine of Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | wilangan kewan galak, nem-nem-nem — Medium. Must carry a note against speculative literal identification and toward the symbolic pattern of imperfection. |
| worship the beast | προσκυνήσουσιν τὸ θηρίον | they will worship the beast | ”worship the beast” | False, coerced worship directly opposing the exclusive worship due the Lamb (ch. 5, 7) | nyembah kewan galak — Critical (see nyembah, ch. 4–5, 22). |
Chapter 14 — The Lamb on Mount Zion; Harvest and Winepress
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| eternal gospel | εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον | everlasting good news | ”eternal gospel” | The unchanging, universal call to fear and worship God, proclaimed to all nations | Reuses baseline Injil — Medium. |
| Babylon the great (first mention) | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | Babylon the great | ”Babylon the great” | The corrupt world-system opposing God, fully developed ch. 17–18 | Babel ingkang Ageng — High (see ch. 17). |
| harvest / winepress of God’s wrath | θερισμός / ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ | harvest / winepress of God’s wrath | ”harvest,” “winepress of the wrath of God” | Final judgment depicted through agricultural imagery — grounds “Judgment of the Wicked” | panèn / pameresan bebenduning Gusti Allah — High. |
Chapter 15 — The Song of Moses and the Lamb; Seven Bowls Prepared
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| song of Moses and of the Lamb | ᾆσμα Μωϋσέως … καὶ τὸ ᾆσμα τοῦ ἀρνίου | the song of Moses and the song of the Lamb | ”the song of Moses and of the Lamb” | Continuity between the Exodus deliverance and Christ’s redemption — unified salvation-history | kidungipun Musa lan Sang Cempe — High. |
| seven bowls | ἑπτὰ φιάλαι | seven bowls/vials | ”seven bowls” | Final series of judgments, completing God’s wrath | pitung mangkok — Low-Medium. |
| wrath of God | ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ θεοῦ | God’s wrath/passion | ”the wrath of God” | God’s righteous, personal response to persistent evil — not impersonal cosmic retribution | bebenduning Gusti Allah — High. |
Chapter 16 — The Seven Bowls Poured Out
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| they did not repent | οὐ μετενόησαν | they did not change their mind/turn | ”they did not repent” | Persistent, willful impenitence despite clear judgment — moral culpability, not fate | mboten enggal mratobat — High. |
| Armageddon | Ἁρμαγεδών | Har-Magedon (place name) | “Armageddon” | Symbolic site of the final gathering of hostile powers against God | Harmagedon — Low, with symbolic-reading note. |
Chapter 17 — Babylon the Great, the Harlot on the Beast
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the great harlot | ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη | the great prostitute | ”the great harlot,” “the great prostitute” | Symbolic personification of an idolatrous, exploitative world-system, not a literal individual woman | wanita dursila ingkang ageng — High. Must be explicitly taught as corporate/symbolic (a system in illicit alliance with worldly power), guarding against a moralizing reading that shames actual women. |
| Babylon the great, mother of prostitutes | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, ἡ μήτηρ τῶν πορνῶν | Babylon the great, mother of prostitutes | ”Babylon the great” | The ultimate anti-God civilization/empire across history | Babel ingkang Ageng — High. Reuses established proper name Babel (from Genesis tradition). |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων | king of kings, lord of lords | ”King of kings and Lord of lords” | Christ’s absolute supremacy over every earthly and cosmic power — central to “The Return and Reign of Christ” | Ratuning para ratu, Gustining para gusti — Critical. Builds on baseline Gusti with the same caution: context must make the superlative, exclusive supremacy unmistakable, not read as elevated feudal-deference language. |
Chapter 18 — The Fall of Babylon
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babylon has fallen | ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | Babylon the great has fallen, has fallen | ”Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great” | Prophetic certainty of the final collapse of every anti-God system | Babel ingkang Ageng sampun rebah — High. |
| in one hour | ἐν μιᾷ ὥρᾳ | in a single hour | ”in one hour” | Suddenness of divine judgment against apparent worldly permanence | ing sajroning sakedhap — Medium. |
| blood of the prophets and of the saints | αἷμα προφητῶν καὶ ἁγίων | blood of prophets and holy ones | ”the blood of the prophets and of the saints” | God’s vindication of the martyrs is the ground of Babylon’s judgment | Reuses baseline nabi, para suci — High. |
Chapter 19 — The Marriage of the Lamb; the Rider on the White Horse
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hallelujah | Ἁλληλουϊά | Praise the LORD (Hebrew) | “Hallelujah” | Climactic corporate worship at Babylon’s fall and the marriage announcement | Haleluya — Low. Established transliteration per baseline note on theological proper nouns. |
| the marriage of the Lamb | ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | the Lamb’s wedding | ”the marriage of the Lamb” | Consummation of the Church-as-Bride doctrine — union between Christ and his people finalized | pangantenipun Sang Cempe — Critical. |
| his Bride/wife | ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ | his wife | ”his wife,” “his Bride” | The Church’s identity fulfilled in exclusive, permanent covenant union with Christ | garwanipun Sang Cempe — Critical. Must be explicitly taught as a singular, exclusive, permanent covenant bond, guarding against importing any association with a Javanese aristocrat’s plural-wife household structure (a keraton lord traditionally could have multiple consorts) — the Bride is one, undivided people united to one Lord. |
| fine linen, righteous deeds of the saints | βύσσινον … τὰ δικαιώματα τῶν ἁγίων | fine linen; righteous acts of the saints | ”fine linen… the righteous deeds of the saints” | The Bride’s garment represents Spirit-produced righteousness in the saints, not self-earned merit | Builds on baseline kabeneran, para suci — High. Must preserve that these “righteous deeds” flow from grace, echoing the baseline’s imputed-righteousness caution against self-attained merit. |
| Faithful and True | Πιστὸς καὶ Ἀληθινός | Faithful and True | ”Faithful and True” | Christ’s title as the divine warrior-king, identical to God’s title in 21:5 | Setya tuhu lan sanyata — Critical (must match 21:5 exactly). |
| the Word of God | ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ | the Word of God | ”the Word of God” | Christological title asserting Christ’s identity as God’s own self-expression — connects to the Incarnation doctrine | Sabdanipun Gusti Allah — Critical. |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων | reused from ch. 17 | — | Applied here directly to the rider (Christ) | Ratuning para ratu, Gustining para gusti — Critical (must match ch. 17). |
| lake of fire | ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | the lake of fire | ”the lake of fire” | First full narrative appearance (final destination of beast and false prophet); explained fully in ch. 20–21 | tlaga geni — Critical (see 21:8). |
Chapter 20 — The Thousand Years; the Great White Throne
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a thousand years | χίλια ἔτη | a thousand years | ”a thousand years,” “the millennium” | A defined, symbolically-charged period of Christ’s reign and Satan’s restraint; interpretive approaches vary, but the number’s completeness/symbolic weight must be taught alongside any chronological reading | sewu taun — Medium. Requires an explicit note flagging the range of faithful interpretive traditions (literal, symbolic, recapitulative) rather than silently adopting one. |
| first resurrection | ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη | the first resurrection | ”the first resurrection” | The vindication of the martyrs/saints, distinguished from the resurrection of all at final judgment | Builds on baseline wungu saka pati — High. |
| great white throne | θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας | a great white throne | ”great white throne” | The final, impartial judgment seat of God — the climax of “Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints” | dhampar pethak ingkang ageng — High (reuses dhampar, ch. 4). |
| judged according to their works | ἐκρίθησαν … κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν | judged according to their deeds | ”judged according to what they had done” | Final accounting of deeds, distinct from — but not contradicting — justification by faith taught in the baseline Romans package; must be taught as evidentiary, not meritorious, judgment | kaadili miturut pandamelanipun — Critical. Needs careful harmonization note with baseline’s kaanggep bener dening Gusti Allah (justification by faith) so learners do not conclude works, not grace, ultimately save. |
| second death | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | reused | — | Full explanation of the term introduced at 2:11 and used at 21:8 | pati kang kaping pindho — Critical (see 21:8). |
| Gog and Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Gog and Magog | ”Gog and Magog” | Symbolic representation of all nations hostile to God, gathered for final defeat | Gog lan Magog — Low, transliterated proper names. |
Chapter 21 (verses 9–27) — The New Jerusalem Described
(Verses 1–8 are the core passage, treated fully in Part A above.)
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the Bride, the wife of the Lamb | ἡ νύμφη, ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου | the bride, the Lamb’s wife | ”the Bride, the wife of the Lamb” | Full identification of the New Jerusalem with the Church as Christ’s Bride | garwanipun Sang Cempe — Critical (reused from ch. 19). |
| twelve gates, twelve foundations, twelve apostles | δώδεκα πύλαι, δώδεκα θεμέλιοι, δώδεκα ἀπόστολοι | twelve gates/foundations/apostles | ”twelve gates,” “twelve foundations,” “the twelve apostles” | Continuity of the whole covenant people (OT tribes + NT apostles) in the eternal city | Reuses baseline utusan for apostles — Medium; numbers flagged Medium for symbolic-completeness teaching. |
| I saw no temple in it | ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ | I saw no temple in it | ”I did not see a temple in it” | God and the Lamb themselves are the temple — direct, unmediated presence replaces every sanctuary system | mboten wonten padaleman suci — High. Directly relevant to “Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation” and must not be misread as devaluing corporate worship, but as the fulfillment of it. |
| the glory of God is its light; the Lamb is its lamp | ἡ δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ … ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς τὸ ἀρνίον | God’s glory [is its light]; its lamp [is] the Lamb | ”the glory of God gives it light… its lamp is the Lamb” | God’s own radiant glory, not any created light source, illumines the eternal city; the Lamb himself is that light’s vessel | Reuses baseline kamulyan and Sang Cempe — Critical. |
| nothing unclean shall enter | οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ … πᾶν κοινόν | nothing common/unclean shall enter | ”nothing unclean will ever enter it” | Absolute moral purity of the eternal city, consistent with baseline holiness doctrine | Builds on baseline suci (antonym) — High. |
| Lamb’s book of life | τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ ἀρνίου | the Lamb’s book of life | ”the Lamb’s book of life” | Final security of belonging grounded specifically in the Lamb’s redemptive work | Kitab Gesangipun Sang Cempe — Critical (reuses ch. 3, 20). |
Chapter 22 — The River of Life; Epilogue
| Term | Greek / Transliteration | Literal / Range | English Variants | Theological Meaning | Javanese Rendering & Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| river of the water of life | ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς | river of water of life | ”the river of the water of life” | Eden’s imagery restored and surpassed; God’s own life freely flowing to his people | lèpèn tirta gesang — Medium (consistent with 21:6; 7:17). |
| tree of life | τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | the tree of life | ”the tree of life” | Reused from ch. 2; Eden restored, healing extended to the nations | wit gesang — Medium (reused). |
| no more curse | οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι κατάρα | there will no longer be a curse | ”there will no longer be any curse” | The Genesis 3 curse is fully and finally reversed | mboten wonten ing bebendhu malih — High. |
| his servants will worship/serve him | οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ | his slaves will serve/worship him | ”his servants will worship him” | Eternal, unmediated priestly service — grounds “Worship of the Lamb” doctrine in its final form | para abdinipun badhé ngabekti dhateng Panjenenganipun — High. |
| they will reign forever and ever | βασιλεύσουσιν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων | they will reign into the ages of the ages | ”they will reign forever and ever” | The saints share eternally in Christ’s reign — completes “The Return and Reign of Christ” doctrine | badhé jumeneng nata ing salami-laminipun — Critical. |
| I am coming soon | ἔρχομαι ταχύ | I am coming quickly/soon | ”I am coming soon,” “I am coming quickly” | Christ’s personal promise of his own return, the driving hope of the whole book | Gusti Yesus badhé rawuh — Critical. “Rawuh” (krama inggil, “to arrive/come,” reserved for honored persons) must not be confused with any Javanese royal-visitation or folk-prophetic mandate motif (cf. baseline’s rejection of Satrio Piningit for Messiah); this is Christ’s own personal, certain promise, not an impersonal expected-restorer legend. |
| Come, Lord Jesus | Ἀμήν, ἔρχου Κύριε Ἰησοῦ | Amen, come, Lord Jesus | ”Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!” | The church’s own answering prayer of hope and longing | Amin, Gusti Yesus, mugi rawuh — Critical. Must be rendered identically wherever quoted across Phase 2 documents (parallel to the baseline’s Romans 10:9 consistency rule). |
| the grace of the Lord Jesus be with all | ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ μετὰ πάντων | the grace of the Lord Jesus [be] with all | ”the grace of the Lord Jesus be with all” | Closing benediction, reasserting the baseline’s Grace doctrine as the book’s final word | Reuses baseline sih-rahmat, Gusti Yesus exactly — Critical. |
| do not add or take away | ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ … ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ | if anyone adds… if anyone takes away | ”if anyone adds to… if anyone takes away from” | Canonical integrity warning, protecting the finality and sufficiency of this revealed word | mboten kenging nambahi utawi nyuda — Medium. |
Summary of Cross-Book Consistency Requirements
- Rev 21:5 and Rev 19:11 (“Faithful and True”) must be rendered identically: setya tuhu lan sanyata.
- Rev 21:1–8 (core passage), when quoted or echoed elsewhere (7:17; 22:1–5), must reuse the same renderings established here (enggal, ngusapi, tirta gesang, pati kang kaping pindho, tlaga geni saha welirang).
- “Sang Cempe” (Lamb) must be used identically in all ~28 occurrences across the book; never varied for stylistic reasons.
- The book title citation form remains “Wahyu”; the common noun apocalypse/revelation within exposition is kawiyakan, never lowercase wahyu. This split must be documented in every Phase 2 file’s front matter.
- Baseline Romans terms — Gusti Allah, Gusti Yesus, Roh Suci, para suci, suci, pasamuwan, kaslametan, sih-rahmat, Kratoning Gusti Allah, panguwaosipun Gusti Allah, Sang Mesias, prajanjian, nabi, utusan, wungu saka pati, kabeneran, dosa, pitados, Dawud, kamulyan — are reused exactly wherever they recur in Revelation, with no deviation.