Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Peter (English/Greek → Javanese)
This glossary extends translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json for the 1 Peter curriculum. It does not replace the baseline; every baseline term below must be reused exactly as recorded in the Romans Language Package. New terms are proposed with the same risk-tier discipline and must be added to translation_memory.json (with version increment) before Phase 2 translation begins.
Section 1 — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly in 1 Peter
| Term | Javanese Rendering | Risk (baseline) | 1 Peter Occurrences (representative) | Reuse Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | sih-rahmat | Critical | 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 | Never kasekten/wahyu/utang budi; central to closing benediction 5:10 “God of all grace” |
| faith | pitados | Medium | 1:5, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:21, 5:9 | Object of faith is always Christ |
| righteousness | kabeneran | High | 2:24, 3:14 | ”Suffer for righteousness’ sake” — see doctrine notes |
| salvation | kaslametan | Critical | 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2, 3:20-21 | Every occurrence requires translator note vs. slametan ritual meal |
| holy | suci | High | 1:15-16, 2:5, 2:9, 3:5 | Moral/relational set-apartness, not kramat shrine-potency |
| sanctification | pensucen | High | 1:2 | Spirit’s active setting-apart work |
| resurrection | wungu saka pati | Critical | 1:3, 3:21 | Never titisan/reinkarnasi |
| lord | Gusti | Critical | throughout (e.g., 1:3, 2:3, 2:13, 3:15) | Exclusive supreme Lordship, not feudal address |
| jesus | Gusti Yesus | Critical | throughout | Never Nabi Isa |
| god | Gusti Allah | Critical | throughout | Never bare Gusti |
| holy_spirit | Roh Suci | Critical | 1:2, 1:11, 1:12, 4:14 | Never dhemit/lelembut; note ch.3’s “spirits in prison” (πνεύματα) are NOT Roh Suci |
| father | Rama | High | 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 | Never Leluhur; contrast with ch.1’s negative “tradition of the fathers” (πατροπαράδοτος), which is NOT this term |
| glory | kamulyan | High | 1:7, 1:8, 1:11, 1:21, 1:24, 4:11, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 | Never wahyu/kasekten |
| sin | dosa | High | 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1, 4:8 | Moral transgression, not ritual cemer |
| election / elect | pepilihanipun Gusti Allah / pepilihan | High | 1:1, 2:9, 5:13 | Never wahyu |
| called / calling | katimbalan / katimbalanipun Gusti Allah | High | 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 | Personal divine summons, not wahyu |
| power of god | panguwaosipun Gusti Allah | Critical | 1:5 | Never kasekten |
| gospel | Injil | Medium | 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17 | Includes disputed 4:6 “gospel preached to the dead” |
| prophet / prophecy | nabi / pameca | Low | 1:10-12 | Not dhukun/primbon |
| obedience (of faith) | pambangun-turut (kang metu saka pitados) | High | 1:2, 1:14, 1:22 | Reused root; 1 Peter’s usage is simple “obedience,” contextually adapted |
| spiritual gifts | peparing Roh Suci | Medium | 4:10 | Not kasekten |
| jesus christ / christ | Gusti Yesus Kristus / Kristus | Critical | throughout | ”Christ” transliterated per AI instructions (Kristus); full compound for divine-title contexts |
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by 1 Peter
| # | Term (English) | Original Greek | Transliteration | Javanese Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | sih-kawelasan | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | — | Distinct from sih-rahmat (grace/unmerited favor); mercy = compassion toward the miserable |
| 2 | born again / regenerated | ἀναγεννάω | anagennaō | nglairaken malih / kalairaken malih | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | titisan | NEVER use titisan (ancestor/deity spirit reborn in a descendant); this is a one-time divine act on the believer, not a recurring spiritual descent |
| 3 | living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα | elpis zōsa | pengarep-arep kang gesang | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | bare “pengarep-arep” alone | Must stay explicitly tied to the resurrection of Christ, not generic optimism or fatalistic pesthi |
| 4 | inheritance | κληρονομία | klēronomia | warisan | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | pusaka | Pusaka names a sacred heirloom object carrying kasekten; rejected to avoid magical-potency framing |
| 5 | revelation/appearing (of Christ) | ἀποκάλυψις | apokalypsis | kawiyakanipun Gusti Yesus Kristus | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | wahyu | NEVER wahyu (royal mystical mandate) |
| 6 | trial/testing | πειρασμός | peirasmos | pacoban | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | — | Divinely permitted testing, not karmic retribution or impersonal fate |
| 7 | proven genuineness | δοκίμιον | dokimion | pambuktening pitados | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | — | Tested authenticity of faith, more valuable than gold |
| 8 | joy | χαρά | chara | kabungahan | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | — | Distinguish from kabar kabungahan (already rejected for “gospel” in baseline); here names the emotion, not the message |
| 9 | soul | ψυχή | psychē | jiwa | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection / Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | sukma | Avoid kejawen soul-concepts (sukma, detachable spirit-double); “jiwa” = whole inner person |
| 10 | sojourners/exiles | παρεπίδημοι | parepidēmoi | tiyang neneka | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | — | Believers’ social identity as resident aliens; foundational identity term for the whole letter |
| 11 | tradition handed down from the fathers | πατροπαράδοτος | patroparadotos | tinilar-tilar saking leluhur | Critical | Holiness in Conduct | — | Refers to the futile inherited ancestral way of life the believer left; must NOT be confused with “Father” (Rama) as a divine title; direct engagement with live ancestor-veneration practice (slametan, leluhur reverence) required |
| 12 | redeemed/ransomed | λυτρόω | lytroō | katebus | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | utang budi framing | Christ’s blood is the price of release; must not be read through the reciprocal social-debt logic already forbidden for grace |
| 13 | lamb without blemish or spot | ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος | amnos amōmos kai aspilos | cempening tanpa cacad | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | Sacrificial-lamb imagery; agrarian cultural gap (sheep uncommon in Java) requires explanatory teaching note |
| 14 | conduct/behavior | ἀναστροφή | anastrophē | patrap gesang | High | Holiness in Conduct | — | Visible lived-out holiness, not ascetic tapa/tirakat discipline |
| 15 | living stone | λίθος ζῶν | lithos zōn | watu kang gesang | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | — | Risk of collision with veneration of sacred stones (watu kramat) at punden sites; requires explicit teaching contrast |
| 16 | holy priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον | hierateuma hagion | pangimaman suci | Critical | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | bare “imam” without qualifier | Risk of collision with the Islamic mosque prayer-leader (imam) office; must be taught as the OT sacrificial-priestly office extended to every believer, not a mosque-parallel or ordained elite |
| 17 | spiritual sacrifices | θυσίαι πνευματικαί | thysiai pneumatikai | kurban rohani | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | — | Kurban is shared vocabulary with Islamic ritual sacrifice (Idul Kurban); context must clarify these are non-animal offerings of praise and life |
| 18 | royal priesthood | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | basileion hierateuma | pangimaman kraton | Critical | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | — | Deliberately echoes established Kratoning Gusti Allah (kingdom of God); must be distinguished from an earthly political kraton institution, per existing baseline caution |
| 19 | holy nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον | ethnos hagion | bangsa suci | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | — | Not an ethnic-territorial nation-state |
| 20 | submit yourselves | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | mituhu | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | sumuyud | Sumuyud carries strong feudal court-bowing connotation; mituhu preferred but still requires teaching that this is voluntary, Christ-modeled submission, not enforced priyayi hierarchy |
| 21 | endure | ὑπομένω | hypomenō | kasabaran | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | plain sabar without qualification | Must be tied to Christ’s example, not generic Islamic-shared virtue vocabulary (sabr) or the fatalistic nrimo ing pandum ethic already flagged in the baseline providence entry |
| 22 | he himself bore our sins in his body on the tree | ἀναφέρω … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον | anapherō … epi to xylon | nyanggi dosa … ing kajeng salib | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | The letter’s central substitutionary-atonement statement |
| 23 | wound/bruise (Isaiah 53 healing) | μώλωψ | mōlōps | tatu | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | Must not be conflated with dhukun folk-healing practice |
| 24 | shepherd and overseer of souls | ποιμήν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος | poimēn kai episkopos | Pangon lan Pengawasing nyawa | High | Elders and Humility | — | Christ’s own pastoral title, model for human elders |
| 25 | humble-minded / humility | ταπεινόφρων / ταπεινοφροσύνη | tapeinophrōn / tapeinophrosynē | andhap asor | High | Elders and Humility | — | Strong positive cultural resonance (core Javanese virtue) but risk of collapsing gospel humility into caste-based social deference rather than voluntary Christlike posture for all |
| 26 | suffer for righteousness’ sake | πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην | paschein dia dikaiosynēn | nandhang kasangsaran margi saking kabeneran | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | — | Doctrine title term; suffering caused by faithful obedience, not punitive or karmic |
| 27 | Christ suffered once for sins | Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν | Christos hapax peri hamartiōn epathen | Gusti Kristus nandhang sangsara sepisan kemawon kangge dosa | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | “Once” (ἅπαξ) is doctrinally essential: rules out repeatable ritual re-enactment |
| 28 | the righteous for the unrighteous | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων | dikaios hyper adikōn | ingkang leres kanggé ingkang boten leres | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | Exact substitutionary mechanism; ὑπέρ (“on behalf of / in place of”) must be preserved as substitution, not mere general benefit |
| 29 | spirits in prison | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ | pneumata en phylakē | roh-roh ing pakunjaran | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | dhemit/lelembut/memedi | Disputed, theologically difficult text; must not be conflated with Javanese folk spirit-categories or ancestor-spirits; mandatory theologian review every occurrence |
| 30 | went and proclaimed | πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν | poreutheis ekēryxen | martakaken | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | — | Content/audience of the proclamation is exegetically disputed; must not be simplified into a “second chance for the dead” doctrine without qualification |
| 31 | baptism | βάπτισμα | baptisma | baptisan | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | — | The rite’s saving significance is the inward appeal of a good conscience, not the water itself (avoids water-magic misunderstanding) |
| 32 | antitype/corresponding pattern | ἀντίτυπος | antitypos | pralambang | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | — | Typological term requiring explanatory teaching note |
| 33 | gospel preached to the dead | εὐαγγελίσθη … νεκροῖς | euangelisthē … nekrois | Injil sampun kawartosaken dhateng para tiyang pejah | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | — | Exegetically disputed clause (4:6); present interpretive options without asserting a settled “second chance” doctrine |
| 34 | idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | eidōlolatria | panyembahing brahala | High | Holiness in Conduct | — | Direct relevance to sacred-object veneration (pusaka, punden) practices; requires careful, non-blanket pastoral framing |
| 35 | elders (church office) | πρεσβύτεροι | presbyteroi | pinituwa | Critical | Elders and Humility | — | Overlaps with secular village-elder (sesepuh) authority expectations; passage explicitly forbids domineering leadership, contrary to typical village-elder deference patterns |
| 36 | lording it over | κατακυριεύω | katakyrieuō | nguwaosi kanthi peksa | High | Elders and Humility | — | Explicitly forbidden leadership posture; warns directly against feudal-style authority abuse |
| 37 | Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην | archipoimēn | Pangon Ageng | High | Elders and Humility | — | Christ’s supreme authority over all human elders |
| 38 | adversary the devil | ἀντίδικος διάβολος | antidikos diabolos | Iblis, mengsahipun | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | dhemit/lelembut | Personal cosmic adversary; established shared Indonesian-archipelago term, distinguished from folk spirit-categories |
| 39 | faithful Creator | πιστὸς κτίστης | pistos ktistēs | Sang Pandamel kang tuhu setya | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | — | Must be distinguished from Javanese cosmogonic creation-myth figures |
| 40 | God of all grace | ὁ Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος | ho Theos pasēs charitos | Gusti Allah ingkang kebak sih-rahmat | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering (closing benediction) | — | Reinforces grace doctrine at the letter’s climax |
| 41 | Christian (identity label) | Χριστιανός | Christianos | Kristen | Low | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | — | First NT occurrence of the label, originally a term of reproach |
| 42 | steward | οἰκονόμος | oikonomos | juru-tata | Medium | Elders and Humility | — | Managerial, accountable role over entrusted gifts, not ownership |
| 43 | sprinkling of blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος | rhantismos haimatos | kaseseraping rah | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | — | Covenant-ratifying/cleansing rite background (Exod 24); avoid folk blood-ritual associations |
Section 3 — Chapter Coverage Confirmation
| Chapter | New load-bearing terms introduced | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 (incl. core passage 1:3-9) | mercy, born-again, living hope, inheritance, revelation/appearing, trials, proven genuineness, joy, soul, sojourners/exiles, dispersion, foreknowledge, sprinkling of blood, tradition of the fathers, redeemed, lamb without blemish, conduct | Reviewed — extensive new vocabulary |
| 2 | living stone, holy priesthood, spiritual sacrifices, royal priesthood, holy nation, a people for God’s possession, submit yourselves, freedom, servants of God, suffering unjustly, endure, example/pattern, bore our sins on the tree, wound/healed, shepherd and overseer | Reviewed — extensive new vocabulary; central priesthood doctrine terms |
| 3 | gentle and quiet spirit, weaker vessel, joint-heirs of grace of life, humble-minded, suffer for righteousness’ sake, sanctify Christ as Lord, Christ suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, put to death/made alive, spirits in prison, went and proclaimed, ark, baptism, antitype, right hand of God | Reviewed — core doctrinal chapter (substitutionary suffering; proclamation to spirits) |
| 4 | suffered in the flesh, idolatry, gospel preached to the dead, fervent love, hospitable, stewards of God’s grace, fiery trial, partake of Christ’s sufferings, Christian (label), judgment begins at the house of God, faithful Creator | Reviewed — extensive new vocabulary |
| 5 | elders, fellow elder, shepherd the flock, exercising oversight, lording it over, Chief Shepherd, unfading crown of glory, clothe yourselves with humility, casting your anxiety, adversary the devil, God of all grace, restore/confirm/strengthen/establish | Reviewed — extensive new vocabulary; elders/humility doctrine chapter |
No chapter in 1 Peter is without new load-bearing theological vocabulary; the whole five-chapter book has been analyzed and is reflected above.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: Never kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi. 1 Peter extension: frames the letter’s opening (1:2), the prophets’ search (1:10), a call to holy conduct (1:13), marriage (3:7), stewardship (4:10), the elders’ section (5:5), and the closing benediction ‘God of all grace’ (5:10, 5:12) — every occurrence must preserve favor with nothing owed in return.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: shares its root with slametan, the ritual meal warding off misfortune. 1 Peter extension: 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2, 3:20-21 (flood/baptism typology) — every occurrence, especially 3:20-21, requires a translator note distinguishing Christ’s once-for-all rescue from repeated protective ritual.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: wungu saka pati
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never titisan or reinkarnasi. 1 Peter extension: 1:3, 3:21 — the historical, bodily ground of the letter’s central ‘living hope’ doctrine.
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never bare feudal deference reading. 1 Peter extension: throughout (1:3, 2:3, 2:13, 3:15) — 3:15’s ‘sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts’ requires deliberate context establishing exclusive, supreme divine Lordship, not court-deference language.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never Nabi Isa. 1 Peter extension: used throughout the letter’s greetings and doxologies.
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never shorten to bare Gusti. 1 Peter extension: used throughout the letter’s greetings, doxologies, and doctrinal statements.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never dhemit or lelembut. 1 Peter extension: 1:2, 1:11, 1:12, 4:14 — must be sharply distinguished from 3:19’s ‘spirits in prison’ (πνεύματα), which are disobedient created spiritual beings, NOT the Holy Spirit.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never kasekten. 1 Peter extension: 1:5 — believers are ‘guarded’ (dijagi) by this personal power, not an impersonal potency.
Born Again
Approved rendering: nglairaken malih / kalairaken malih
Transliteration: nglairaken malih / kalairaken malih
Doctrine: The New Birth (Regeneration)
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
New term. CRITICAL: never titisan (an ancestor’s or deity’s spiritual quality reborn in a descendant, tied to royal-legitimacy narratives) or reinkarnasi. Frames God’s once-for-all causative act performed ON the believer (1:3, 1:23), never a migrating or recurring spirit. Must be taught in close proximity to wungu saka pati every time.
Revelation Of Christ
Approved rendering: kawiyakanipun Gusti Yesus Kristus
Transliteration: kawiyakanipun Gusti Yesus Kristus
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Eschatology
New term. CRITICAL: never wahyu, the impersonal mystical mandate-light of Javanese royal legitimacy. Christ’s future unveiling at his return (1:7, 1:13, 4:13), when faith’s genuineness receives praise, glory, and honor. Must remain a personal, Christ-centered disclosure event.
Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus Kristus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus Kristus
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
New compound (extends baseline ‘Gusti Yesus’ pattern). Full confessional name used in 1 Peter’s greetings and doxologies (1:1, 1:3, 1:7, etc.); preserves full confessional identity as Lord, Anointed One, and Son of God.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Kristus
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New term. Transliterated form used per established convention when the name appears alone, especially in suffering passages (2:21, 3:18, 4:1, 4:13); never rendered with a generic title that could dilute messianic identity.
Spirit Of Christ
Approved rendering: Roh Suci Gusti Kristus
Transliteration: Roh Suci Gusti Kristus
Doctrine: Mission and Gospel Proclamation
Original: Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New compound (Roh Suci + Gusti Kristus, both baseline/established). Christ’s own pre-incarnate Spirit inspiring the OT prophets (1:11); high Christological weight, testifying against any notion of a merely human prophet-figure later exalted.
Tradition Of The Fathers
Approved rendering: tinilar-tilar saking leluhur
Transliteration: tinilar-tilar saking leluhur
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: πατροπαράδοτος
Category: Sin
New term. CRITICAL: directly engages live ancestor-veneration practice (slametan, leluhur reverence). Must NEVER be confused with Rama (Father, the divine title); this term names the OLD, abandoned inheritance (1:18), sharply contrasted with the NEW inheritance (warisan) from God the Father. Requires pastoral, not polemical, framing.
Holy Priesthood
Approved rendering: pangimaman suci
Transliteration: pangimaman suci
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: bare imam
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term. CRITICAL: risk of collision with the Islamic mosque prayer-leader (imam) office. Must be taught as the OT sacrificial-priestly office extended to EVERY believer (2:5), not a mosque-parallel office or an ordained ritual elite. Never used bare, always inside the full compound with an explicit ‘every believer, no gatekeeper’ teaching note.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: pangimaman kraton
Transliteration: pangimaman kraton
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: bare kraton
Original: βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
New term. CRITICAL: deliberately echoes the established baseline term Kratoning Gusti Allah (kingdom of God, 2:9), but must be sharply distinguished from an actual earthly keraton (Yogyakarta/Surakarta) as a living political institution with its own throne and bloodline.
Sinlessness Of Christ
Approved rendering: piyambakipun boten nglampahi dosa
Transliteration: piyambakipun boten nglampahi dosa
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s total sinlessness, the necessary qualification for substitutionary suffering (2:22); foundational to the substitutionary argument, must not be softened to comparative virtue.
Bore Our Sins
Approved rendering: piyambakipun nyanggi dosa kita ing salira wonten ing kajeng salib
Transliteration: piyambakipun nyanggi dosa kita ing salira wonten ing kajeng salib
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀναφέρω … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Salvation
New term. The letter’s central substitutionary-atonement statement (2:24). Must preserve substitution (our sins placed on him), not mere sympathy or shared suffering alongside sinners.
Suffer For Righteousness Sake
Approved rendering: nandhang kasangsaran margi saking kabeneran
Transliteration: nandhang kasangsaran margi saking kabeneran
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Suffering
New term. Doctrine title term (3:14, 4:16); suffering resulting from faithful obedience is blessed, not punitive or karmic. Must resist collapse into nrimo ing pandum (passive fatalistic resignation).
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: sucekaken Gusti Kristus wonten ing salebeting manah
Transliteration: sucekaken Gusti Kristus wonten ing salebeting manah
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ἁγιάσατε τὸν Κύριον
Category: Christology
New term (reuses suci + Gusti). The inward enthronement of Christ’s Lordship as the governing reality that overcomes fear (3:15); an inward anchor, not mere external religious observance.
Christ Suffered Once
Approved rendering: Gusti Kristus nandhang sangsara sepisan kemawon kangge dosa
Transliteration: Gusti Kristus nandhang sangsara sepisan kemawon kangge dosa
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν
Category: Salvation
New term. Christ’s single, unrepeatable atoning suffering (3:18). ‘Sepisan kemawon’ (‘only/merely once’) is doctrinally essential: the particle kemawon is the load-bearing exclusion marker and must never be dropped, ruling out any repeatable ritual re-enactment.
Righteous For Unrighteous
Approved rendering: ingkang leres kanggé ingkang boten leres
Transliteration: ingkang leres kanggé ingkang boten leres
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Salvation
New term. The exact substitutionary mechanism: the innocent dying in place of the guilty (3:18); ὑπέρ must be preserved as substitution (in place of), not mere general benefit.
Put To Death Made Alive
Approved rendering: dipatèni ing daging, dipagesangaken ing roh
Transliteration: dipatèni ing daging, dipagesangaken ing roh
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology
New term. Describes the mode of Christ’s death and resurrection (3:18); one continuous historical event, not a temporary spirit-departure and return as in wayang narratives of gods appearing among mortals.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: roh-roh ing pakunjaran
Transliteration: roh-roh ing pakunjaran
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut, memedi
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Spirits and Proclamation
New term. CRITICAL: must never be conflated with the Javanese folk spirit-categories dhemit, lelembut, or memedi, nor with venerated ancestor spirits (3:19). Kept as a transparent, constructed descriptive phrase precisely because a transparent phrase resists absorption into an existing folk category. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Proclaimed To Spirits
Approved rendering: martakaken
Transliteration: martakaken
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Original: πνεύματι πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Spirits and Proclamation
New term. Christ’s proclamation to the imprisoned spirits (3:19); content and audience are exegetically disputed among interpreters and must never be simplified into a settled ‘second chance’ doctrine.
Appeal Of Good Conscience
Approved rendering: panyuwunan kasadaran ati kang sae dhateng Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panyuwunan kasadaran ati kang sae dhateng Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Baptism and the Flood Typology
Original: συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐπερώτημα εἰς Θεόν
Category: Spirits and Proclamation
New term. CRITICAL: clarifies that baptism saves not by the water itself but by its inward reality before God (3:21), guarding against a water-magic misreading influenced by kejawen ritual purification.
Gospel Preached To Dead
Approved rendering: Injil sampun kawartosaken dhateng para tiyang pejah
Transliteration: Injil sampun kawartosaken dhateng para tiyang pejah
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Original: εὐηγγελίσθη … νεκροῖς
Category: Spirits and Proclamation
New term. CRITICAL: the exegetically disputed 4:6 clause. Interpretive options must be presented without asserting a settled ‘second chance for the dead’ doctrine, which would directly reinforce the slametan practice of praying for and appeasing the dead. Mandatory theologian review.
Elders
Approved rendering: pinituwa
Transliteration: pinituwa
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Church
New term. CRITICAL: local church leadership office (5:1, 5:5). Pinituwa overlaps directly with the socially expected, largely unaccountable authority of a village sesepuh; the passage’s explicit prohibition of domineering leadership requires sharp distinction from customary village-elder deference patterns.
God Of All Grace
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah ingkang kebak sih-rahmat
Transliteration: Gusti Allah ingkang kebak sih-rahmat
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness as Creator
Original: ὁ Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος
Category: God
New term (reuses sih-rahmat). Comprehensive summary title for God grounding the letter’s closing benediction (5:10); reinforces the grace doctrine at the letter’s climax.
High Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran
Transliteration: kabeneran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Never kasampurnan. 1 Peter extension: 2:24, 3:14 — also functions as the stated CAUSE of blessed suffering (‘suffer for righteousness’ sake’), not a mystical perfection attained through ascetic discipline.
Holy
Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Never kramat. 1 Peter extension: 1:15-16, 2:5, 2:9, 3:5 — moral/relational set-apartness, the standard for conduct.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pensucen
Transliteration: pensucen
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter extension: 1:2 — the Spirit’s active setting-apart work named in the letter’s opening greeting, distinct from ritual purification performed before slametan ceremonies.
Father
Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: Rama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never Leluhur. 1 Peter extension: 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 — must be kept sharply distinct from 1:18’s ‘futile tradition of your fathers’ (πατροπαράδοτος, tinilar-tilar saking leluhur), a wholly different Greek term describing the believer’s abandoned ancestral way of life, not the divine title.
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never wahyu or kasekten. 1 Peter extension: 1:7, 1:8, 1:11, 1:21, 1:24, 4:11, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 — God’s and Christ’s own inherent radiance, never a conferred or accumulated potency.
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: cemer
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter extension: 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1, 4:8 — moral transgression against a personal God, not ritual cemer.
Election
Approved rendering: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pepilihanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Never wahyu. 1 Peter extension: 1:1, 2:9, 5:13 — God’s sovereign personal choice of scattered, suffering believers.
Called
Approved rendering: katimbalan
Transliteration: katimbalan
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Never wahyu. 1 Peter extension: 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 — a personal, relational divine summons across at least four distinct senses in the letter.
Calling
Approved rendering: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Inherited from Romans package. Never wahyu. 1 Peter extension: applies to the noun-form calling underlying ‘called_to_eternal_glory’ at 5:10.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: pambangun-turut kang metu saka pitados
Transliteration: pambangun-turut kang metu saka pitados
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter extension: the full compound underlies 1:2’s ‘obedience’ where a fuller doctrinal statement is needed; see also the new standalone term ‘obedience’ below for 1 Peter’s simpler usages at 1:14, 1:22.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: pengarep-arep kang gesang
Transliteration: pengarep-arep kang gesang
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: bare pengarep-arep
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
New term. Core passage anchor (1:3). Must remain explicitly tied to Christ’s historical, accomplished resurrection, never generic optimism or the fatalistic pesthi worldview. Never used as a bare, unqualified noun in doctrinally load-bearing occurrences.
Hope
Approved rendering: pengarep-arep
Transliteration: pengarep-arep
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
New term. Root of ‘living hope’ (1:3, 1:13, 1:21, 3:15). Must not be rendered as wishful thinking or resigned acceptance of fate (pesthi).
Inheritance
Approved rendering: warisan
Transliteration: warisan
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: pusaka
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
New term. Never rendered pusaka, the sacred heirloom object (keris, regalia) believed to carry transferable kasekten within a family or royal line. Warisan (1:4) is neutral/legal-relational; the surrounding adjectives (imperishable, undefiled, unfading) carry the distinguishing weight.
Trial
Approved rendering: pacoban
Transliteration: pacoban
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
New term. Divinely permitted testing of faith’s genuineness (1:6, 4:12); taught as purposeful divine testing, not karmic retribution or impersonal fate (pesthi).
Proven Genuineness
Approved rendering: pambuktening pitados
Transliteration: pambuktening pitados
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Suffering
New term. Faith’s tested, refined authenticity, more valuable than perishable gold (1:7); names the outcome of trial, not the trial itself.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: pangertosan rumiyin Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pangertosan rumiyin Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: pesthi
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God
New term. God’s prior, Fatherly knowledge and purpose behind the believers’ election (1:2); must convey personal foreknowledge, not impersonal predetermined fate.
Sojourners Exiles
Approved rendering: tiyang neneka
Transliteration: tiyang neneka
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Sojourners and Exiles
Original: παρεπίδημοι / πάροικοι
Category: Church
New term. Believers’ social identity as resident aliens (1:1, 2:11); foundational identity term for the whole letter. Must be taught as a positive, chosen theological identity, not the social shame Javanese village culture attaches to a landless or ancestrally unrooted person.
Obedience
Approved rendering: pambangun-turut
Transliteration: pambangun-turut
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
New standalone term, distinct from the baseline compound ‘obedience_of_faith’. 1 Peter’s simpler standalone usage (1:2, 1:14, 1:22) directed to Jesus Christ himself; obedience flowing from faith, not ritual compliance performed to secure slametan-style protection.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: kaseseraping rah
Transliteration: kaseseraping rah
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Covenant
New term. Christ’s blood ratifying the new covenant and cleansing believers, echoing Exodus 24 (1:2); must avoid folk blood-ritual or protective-charm associations.
Redeemed
Approved rendering: katebus
Transliteration: katebus
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: utang budi framing
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
New term. Ransomed from the futile ancestral way of life by Christ’s precious blood (1:18-19); Christ’s blood is the price of release and must never be read through utang budi reciprocal social-debt logic already forbidden for grace.
Lamb Without Blemish
Approved rendering: cempening tanpa cacad
Transliteration: cempening tanpa cacad
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: kambing (goat, rejected as culturally nearer but doctrinally wrong)
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
New term. Christ as the perfect, sinless sacrificial substitute, echoing Exodus 12 and Isaiah 53 (1:19). Sheep are uncommon in everyday Javanese agrarian life; requires an explanatory teaching note on the sacrificial-lamb background rather than assumed cultural familiarity. Never substitute goat (kambing) despite closer cultural familiarity — this would sever the deliberate Exodus/Isaiah intertextual link.
Conduct
Approved rendering: patrap gesang
Transliteration: patrap gesang
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
New term. The visible, lived-out pattern of holy living (1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16); must convey ordinary, lived holiness, not the ascetic withdrawal discipline (tapa, tirakat) of Javanese mysticism.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: watu kang gesang
Transliteration: watu kang gesang
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church
New term. Christ as the rejected-yet-chosen, life-giving foundation stone of God’s spiritual house (2:4-5). Risk of collision with veneration of sacred stones (watu kramat) at punden shrine sites; requires explicit teaching that the stone’s life-giving power is Christ’s own resurrection life, not an indwelling potency in the stone itself.
Spiritual Sacrifices
Approved rendering: kurban rohani
Transliteration: kurban rohani
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: θυσίαι πνευματικαί
Category: Church
New term. Non-animal offerings of praise, life, and service (2:5). Kurban is shared vocabulary with Islamic ritual animal sacrifice (Idul Kurban/Idul Adha); context must clarify these are non-animal offerings, not a Christianized parallel ritual.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: bangsa suci
Transliteration: bangsa suci
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term (reuses suci root). A people set apart as God’s own, transnational and transcultural (2:9); not an ethnic-territorial nation-state.
Submit Yourselves
Approved rendering: mituhu
Transliteration: mituhu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: sumuyud
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority
New term. Sumuyud (strong feudal court-bowing connotation) rejected. Mituhu (2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 5:5) still requires an explicit motive clause (‘for the Lord’s sake’) so submission is read as voluntary, Christ-modeled, not enforced priyayi hierarchy.
Suffering Unjustly
Approved rendering: kasangsaran kang ora adil
Transliteration: kasangsaran kang ora adil
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: λύπας πάσχων ἀδίκως
Category: Suffering
New term. Undeserved suffering, the context that makes patient endurance commendable (2:19); must not be flattened into deserved consequence or karmic retribution.
Endure
Approved rendering: kasabaran
Transliteration: kasabaran
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: plain sabar without qualification
Original: ὑπομένω
Category: Suffering
New term. Patient perseverance under unjust pressure, modeled on Christ (2:20). Must be tied explicitly to Christ’s own example, never the fatalistic nrimo ing pandum ethic or the generic Islamic-shared virtue vocabulary (sabr) apart from its Christ-centered ground.
Wound Bruise
Approved rendering: tatu
Transliteration: tatu
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: μώλωψ
Category: Salvation
New term. The mark of Christ’s beating, the Isaiah 53 source of spiritual healing (2:24); must not be conflated with dhukun-style ritual or magical folk healing.
Shepherd Overseer Of Souls
Approved rendering: Pangon lan Pengawasing nyawa kita
Transliteration: Pangon lan Pengawasing nyawa kita
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ψυχῶν
Category: Christology
New term. Christ as the returning, caring shepherd-overseer of straying believers (2:25); the Christological model for human elders (see chief_shepherd, 5:4).
Joint Heirs Grace Of Life
Approved rendering: sesarengan tampi warisan sih-rahmating gesang
Transliteration: sesarengan tampi warisan sih-rahmating gesang
Doctrine: Household and Marital Relations
Original: συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
New term (reuses sih-rahmat and warisan). Husband and wife’s equal spiritual standing and shared inheritance despite role distinctions (3:7); must not be absorbed into a patriarchal household hierarchy that denies wives full co-heir status before God.
Humility
Approved rendering: andhap asor
Transliteration: andhap asor
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινόφρων
Category: Church
New term (established Javanese virtue term). Christlike lowliness of mind, a communal virtue for all believers, especially leaders (3:8, 5:5). Risk of collapsing gospel humility into caste-based priyayi/wong cilik social deference rather than a voluntary Christlike posture required of every believer.
Eight Souls Saved
Approved rendering: wolung nyawa kaslametaken lumantar toya
Transliteration: wolung nyawa kaslametaken lumantar toya
Doctrine: Baptism and the Flood Typology
Original: ὀκτὼ ψυχαί διεσώθησαν διʼ ὕδατος
Category: Salvation
New term (reuses kaslametan). Noah’s family’s historical deliverance through water (3:20); requires the same translator note distinguishing historical rescue from repeated protective slametan ritual.
Right Hand Of God
Approved rendering: tengening Gusti Allah
Transliteration: tengening Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Christ’s Cosmic Lordship
Original: δεξιὰ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s exalted, ruling position after resurrection (3:22); position of highest honor and authority, not merely favored courtly status.
Angels Authorities Powers Subjected
Approved rendering: para malaekat, panguwaos, saha kakiyatan sami sumujud
Transliteration: para malaekat, panguwaos, saha kakiyatan sami sumujud
Doctrine: Christ’s Cosmic Lordship
Original: ἀγγέλων καὶ ἐξουσιῶν καὶ δυνάμεων ὑποταγέντων
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s supreme cosmic authority over all spiritual powers (3:22). ‘Sami sumujud’ must convey total cosmic subjection to Christ, not the ordinary courtly bowing gesture (sungkem) shown to a human aristocrat.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: panyembahing brahala
Transliteration: panyembahing brahala
Doctrine: Idolatry and the Former Pagan Way of Life
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
New term. Worship of images/objects, part of the former Gentile way of life to be abandoned (4:3); direct relevance to sacred-object veneration (pusaka) and shrine worship (punden) still present in kejawen-influenced communities; requires careful, non-blanket pastoral framing.
Partake Of Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: tumut ing kasangsaranipun Gusti Kristus
Transliteration: tumut ing kasangsaranipun Gusti Kristus
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: κοινωνέω τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering
New term. Participatory suffering-fellowship with Christ himself (4:13); suffering for Christ’s name is a form of fellowship (patunggilan) with Christ, not merely enduring misfortune.
Reproached For Name Of Christ
Approved rendering: dipoyoki margi saking asmanipun Gusti Kristus
Transliteration: dipoyoki margi saking asmanipun Gusti Kristus
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ
Category: Suffering
New term. Suffering explicitly tied to bearing Christ’s name and identity (4:14); specifically for Christian identity, not generic hardship.
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: Sang Pandamel kang tuhu setya
Transliteration: Sang Pandamel kang tuhu setya
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness as Creator
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
New term. God as reliable Maker of all things, grounding suffering believers’ trust (4:19); must be distinguished from impersonal Javanese cosmogonic creation-myth figures and any impersonal cosmic ordering force.
Fellow Elder
Approved rendering: kanca pinituwa
Transliteration: kanca pinituwa
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: συμπρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New term. Peter’s self-identification as a peer, not a superior, to the local elders (5:1); apostolic humility, not diminished apostolic authority.
Witness Of Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: seksi kasangsaranipun Gusti Kristus
Transliteration: seksi kasangsaranipun Gusti Kristus
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: μάρτυς τῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθημάτων
Category: Church
New term. Peter’s authority grounded in eyewitness testimony to Christ’s suffering (5:1); direct eyewitness testimony, not mystical or visionary authority.
Shepherd The Flock
Approved rendering: pangonana pepanthanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pangonana pepanthanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμάνατε τὸ ποίμνιον
Category: Church
New term. The elders’ core task of caring, protective pastoral leadership (5:2), not authoritarian control.
Lording It Over
Approved rendering: nguwaosi kanthi peksa
Transliteration: nguwaosi kanthi peksa
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Authority
New term. Domineering, authoritarian control over the flock, explicitly forbidden (5:3); must be rendered so its prohibition is unmistakable in a culture where deference to elders is strongly expected.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: Pangon Ageng
Transliteration: Pangon Ageng
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s supreme, accountable-to authority over all human elders (5:4); guards against elders assuming unaccountable authority.
Clothe With Humility
Approved rendering: ngagem andhap asor
Transliteration: ngagem andhap asor
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε
Category: Church
New term. Vivid servant-imagery for mutual humility among all church members (5:5); an active, voluntary posture, not passive social deference.
God Gives Grace To Humble
Approved rendering: maringi sih-rahmat dhateng ingkang andhap asor
Transliteration: maringi sih-rahmat dhateng ingkang andhap asor
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινοῖς δίδωσιν χάριν
Category: Salvation
New term (reuses sih-rahmat). God’s grace flows toward the humble and resists the proud, citing Proverbs 3:34 (5:5); humility does not earn grace but is where grace is received.
Humble Yourselves Under Gods Hand
Approved rendering: ngasoraken badan wonten ing asta Gusti Allah
Transliteration: ngasoraken badan wonten ing asta Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Prayer and God’s Care in Suffering
Original: ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν χεῖρα τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Sanctification
New term. Voluntary submission to God’s sovereign timing amid suffering (5:6); trusting submission to a personal God’s sovereign hand, not passive fatalistic resignation.
Called To Eternal Glory
Approved rendering: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah dhateng kamulyan langgeng
Transliteration: katimbalanipun Gusti Allah dhateng kamulyan langgeng
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: καλέσας εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον δόξαν
Category: Salvation
New term (reuses katimbalanipun Gusti Allah + kamulyan). God’s personal summons to a glorious eschatological destiny (5:10); closes the calling doctrine opened in 1:1-2.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established term shared across Indonesian-archipelago Christian usage. 1 Peter extension: occurs at 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17; content must remain the specific, unique proclamation of salvation through Christ, including in the exegetically disputed 4:6 clause ‘gospel preached to the dead’ (see gospel_preached_to_dead below).
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith must always be specified as Christ. 1 Peter extension: 1:5, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:21, 5:9 — trust tested and refined through trials, never a generic Islamic-shared devotional term lacking a specified personal object.
Apostle
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never rasul. 1 Peter extension: 1:1 — Peter’s self-identified commissioned authority.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: peparing Roh Suci
Transliteration: peparing Roh Suci
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never kasekten. 1 Peter extension: 4:10 — Spirit-given enablements administered as accountable stewardship (see steward below).
Peace
Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: katentreman
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter extension: 1:2, 5:14 — relational well-being from God in the letter’s greeting and closing.
Mercy
Approved rendering: sih-kawelasan
Transliteration: sih-kawelasan
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New term. God’s compassionate disposition toward the helpless, the ground of the new birth (1:3). Distinct from sih-rahmat (grace/unmerited favor toward the guilty); sih-kawelasan names compassion toward the miserable/afflicted specifically.
Joy
Approved rendering: kabungahan
Transliteration: kabungahan
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: χαρά
Category: Faith
New term. Inexpressible, glorified joy grounded in the inheritance’s certainty, coexisting with real grief (1:6, 1:8, 4:13). Distinguish from ‘kabar kabungahan’ (already rejected for ‘gospel’); this names the emotion, not the message.
Soul
Approved rendering: jiwa
Transliteration: jiwa
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: sukma
Original: ψυχή
Category: Salvation
New term. Avoid sukma, the kejawen detachable spirit-double concept. Jiwa (1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19) names the whole inner person, not a separable spirit-entity.
Dispersion
Approved rendering: para pandhawuh
Transliteration: para pandhawuh
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Sojourners and Exiles
Original: διασπορά
Category: Church
New term. Applies the OT Jewish Diaspora concept typologically to scattered Gentile-Christian communities (1:1); requires an explanatory gloss for readers unfamiliar with the OT background.
Imperishable Seed
Approved rendering: wiji kang ora bisa rusak
Transliteration: wiji kang ora bisa rusak
Doctrine: The New Birth (Regeneration)
Original: σπορᾶς ἀφθάρτου
Category: Salvation
New term. God’s living, enduring word as the generative agent of the new birth (1:23); reinforces the once-for-all, non-repeatable nature of new birth established for ἀναγεννάω.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: pangandikanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pangandikanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: The New Birth (Regeneration)
Original: λόγος Θεοῦ / ῥῆμα Κυρίου
Category: Covenant
New term. God’s spoken, living, enduring word, the basis of the gospel proclaimed (1:23-25); distinct from an esoteric teaching passed through mystical guru-murid lineage transmission.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: watu pojok
Transliteration: watu pojok
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος
Category: Christology
New term. Christ as the decisive, load-bearing foundation stone of God’s building (2:6-7); reinforces ‘living stone’ without independent shrine-veneration risk once taught alongside it.
Chosen Race
Approved rendering: bangsa pepilihan
Transliteration: bangsa pepilihan
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church
New term (reuses pepilihan root). The church’s corporate identity as God’s elect people, transcending ethnicity (2:9); a transnational people, not an ethnic bloodline.
Peculiar People
Approved rendering: umat kagunganipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: umat kagunganipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
New term. A people specially acquired to belong to God (2:9); emphasizes God’s ownership and treasuring of the church, not a caste-elevated social class.
Human Institution
Approved rendering: saben pranataning manungsa
Transliteration: saben pranataning manungsa
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: πᾶσα ἀνθρωπίνη κτίσις
Category: Authority
New term. Civil and social structures to which believers submit for the Lord’s sake (2:13); scope is civil government, not religious hierarchy per se.
Servants Of God
Approved rendering: paladosanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: paladosanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: δοῦλοι Θεοῦ
Category: Church
New term. Believers’ identity as those wholly belonging to God (2:16); total, willing belonging, not demeaning servitude.
Fear God
Approved rendering: ajrih ing Gusti Allah
Transliteration: ajrih ing Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: φοβεῖσθε τὸν Θεόν
Category: Authority
New term. Reverent awe reserved for God alone (2:17), deliberately distinguished from mere civil honor shown to a human ruler (honor_the_king below).
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: tuladha
Transliteration: tuladha
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑπογραμμός
Category: Suffering
New term. Christ’s suffering as the pattern believers are to trace/imitate (2:21); a model for active imitation, not a fatalistic script passively endured.
Gentle Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: budi sareh saha sepen ing manah
Transliteration: budi sareh saha sepen ing manah
Doctrine: Household and Marital Relations
Original: πραέως καὶ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος
Category: Authority
New term. The inner disposition precious to God, more valuable than external adornment (3:4); inner character, not enforced silence.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: piranti kang ringkih
Transliteration: piranti kang ringkih
Doctrine: Household and Marital Relations
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Authority
New term. A comparative physical-strength term, not worth (3:7); calls husbands to honor, not exploit, greater physical strength.
Baptism
Approved rendering: baptisan
Transliteration: baptisan
Doctrine: Baptism and the Flood Typology
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Spirits and Proclamation
New term (established loanword). The Christian rite corresponding to Noah’s flood-rescue (3:21); saving significance is the inward appeal of a good conscience, not the water itself, avoiding a water-magic misunderstanding.
Antitype
Approved rendering: pralambang
Transliteration: pralambang
Doctrine: Baptism and the Flood Typology
Original: ἀντίτυπον
Category: Spirits and Proclamation
New term. Typological correspondence between the flood-rescue and baptism (3:21); requires an explanatory teaching note on type-fulfillment reasoning.
Steward
Approved rendering: juru-tata
Transliteration: juru-tata
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
New term. An accountable manager of entrusted spiritual gifts (4:10); managerial, accountable role over entrusted gifts, not personal ownership.
Fiery Trial
Approved rendering: kasangsaran kaya geni
Transliteration: kasangsaran kaya geni
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering
New term. Intense testing likened to a refining fire (4:12); suffering framed as an expected refining process, not a strange anomaly or curse.
Judgment At House Of God
Approved rendering: pangadilan wiwit saking padalemanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pangadilan wiwit saking padalemanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: κρίμα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Sanctification
New term. God’s refining discipline addressed first to the church itself (4:17); discipline/purification, not punitive condemnation.
Exercising Oversight
Approved rendering: ngawasi
Transliteration: ngawasi
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἐπισκοπέω
Category: Church
New term. The elders’ supervisory function, performed willingly, not by compulsion (5:2).
Unfading Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: makutha kamulyan kang ora bakal luntur
Transliteration: makutha kamulyan kang ora bakal luntur
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀμαράντινος τῆς δόξης στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
New term (reuses kamulyan). The eternal reward awaiting faithful elders (5:4), unlike any earthly crown or royal makutha regalia.
Casting Anxiety
Approved rendering: nyèmplungaken kuwatosipun
Transliteration: nyèmplungaken kuwatosipun
Doctrine: Prayer and God’s Care in Suffering
Original: μέριμναν ἐπιρίψαντες
Category: Faith
New term. Active, ongoing transfer of worry onto God, who cares for believers (5:7); an active act of trust, not resigned acceptance of fate or ritual offerings to spirits.
Adversary The Devil
Approved rendering: Iblis, mengsahipun
Transliteration: Iblis, mengsahipun
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Devil
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: ἀντίδικος διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (established loanword Iblis). A personal cosmic legal adversary (5:8), distinguished from folk demon-categories dhemit/lelembut.
Resist Firm In Faith
Approved rendering: nglawan kanthi kukuh ing pitados
Transliteration: nglawan kanthi kukuh ing pitados
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Devil
Rejected alternatives: jimat/mantra-based protective practice
Original: ἀντίστητε στερεοὶ τῇ πίστει
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term. Active, faith-grounded resistance to the adversary (5:9); resistance grounded in trust in Christ, not ritual protective practice such as reciting a mantra or wearing a jimat (amulet).
Restore Confirm Strengthen Establish
Approved rendering: mbenerake, ngukuhake, nyantosake, madegake
Transliteration: mbenerake, ngukuhake, nyantosake, madegake
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness as Creator
Original: καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει
Category: Sanctification
New term. God’s fourfold promised completing work in believers after a season of suffering (5:10); active, personal restorative work, not an impersonal natural recovery process.
Guarded Kept
Approved rendering: dijagi
Transliteration: dijagi
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: φρουρέω
Category: Salvation
New term. Believers kept safe by God’s power until the end, military-garrison imagery (1:5); active, personal divine protection, not an impersonal shield or amulet-based protection.
Day Of Visitation
Approved rendering: dinten pariksanipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: dinten pariksanipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἐπισκοπή
Category: Eschatology
New term. The eschatological day when watching outsiders may glorify God (2:12); God’s personal, purposive future visitation, not an impersonal cosmic cycle.
Outcome Of Faith
Approved rendering: wusananing pitados
Transliteration: wusananing pitados
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: τέλος τῆς πίστεως
Category: Salvation
New term. The intended culmination of a life of faith: the salvation of souls (1:9); a purposeful goal, not an arbitrary endpoint.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: nabi
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: dhukun
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Never dhukun. 1 Peter extension: 1:10-12 — OT spokesmen who searched out the salvation now revealed.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: pameca
Transliteration: pameca
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: primbon
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Never primbon. 1 Peter extension: 1:10-11.
Apostle Placeholder Note
Approved rendering: (see inherited ‘apostle’ entry above)
Transliteration: n/a
Doctrine: Apostleship
Placeholder cross-reference only; do not translate. Retained to prevent duplicate entries.
Angels
Approved rendering: para malaekat
Transliteration: para malaekat
Doctrine: Mission and Gospel Proclamation
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Church
New term (established loanword). Heavenly messenger-beings who long to look into this salvation (1:12); low syncretism risk in this occurrence.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: katresnan sadulur
Transliteration: katresnan sadulur
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
New term. Genuine, purified mutual love within the church family (1:22, 3:8), distinct from ordinary social kinship obligation.
Freedom
Approved rendering: kamardikan
Transliteration: kamardikan
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Authority
New term (established word). Christian liberty that must not become a pretext for evil (2:16).
Honor The King
Approved rendering: kaurmatan
Transliteration: kaurmatan
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: τιμᾶτε
Category: Authority
New term application. Due civil respect shown to the king, distinct from worship (2:17); ordinary civil respect, not devotion.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: kasadaran ati kang sae
Transliteration: kasadaran ati kang sae
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Sanctification
New term. A conscience kept clear before God amid slander (3:16); inner moral clarity, not merely social reputation.
Ark
Approved rendering: kapal Nuh
Transliteration: kapal Nuh
Doctrine: Baptism and the Flood Typology
Original: κιβωτός
Category: Spirits and Proclamation
New term (established narrative reference). Noah’s vessel of rescue, typologically prefiguring baptism (3:20).
Fervent Love
Approved rendering: katresnan kang mempeng
Transliteration: katresnan kang mempeng
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts
Original: ἀγάπη ἐκτενής
Category: Church
New term. Intense, sustained love that covers a multitude of sins among believers (4:8); practical, committed love, not mere sentimental affection.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: loma marang tamu
Transliteration: loma marang tamu
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church
New term. Welcoming outsiders without grumbling (4:9); practical love expressed concretely.
Christian Label
Approved rendering: Kristen
Transliteration: Kristen
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Suffering
New term (established loanword). The emerging self-designation of believers, first NT occurrence as a term of reproach (4:16), later embraced.
Referenced passages