Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Corinthians | English → Javanese
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md across all 13 chapters of 2 Corinthians. It distinguishes:
- Terms reused exactly from the Romans baseline (
translation_memory.json) — these renderings are non-negotiable and must not be altered. - New terms required by 2 Corinthians’ distinctive vocabulary, proposed here for addition to translation memory in a later pipeline step, each with a doctrine-risk assignment following the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as
doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Risk tier definitions match the baseline exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — mistranslation causes minor imprecision; automated review sufficient.
Part A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans translation_memory.json)
These terms recur in 2 Corinthians and MUST use the identical Javanese rendering already established. No re-derivation permitted.
| English Term | Javanese Rendering | Risk (Baseline) | 2 Corinthians Occurrences (Chapters) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | sih-rahmat | Critical | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13 |
| Faith | pitados | Medium | 1, 4, 5, 8, 10, 13 |
| Righteousness | kabeneran | High | 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 |
| Salvation | kaslametan | Critical | 1, 6, 7 |
| Apostle | utusan | Medium | 1, 8, 11, 12 |
| Called | katimbalan | High | 1, 5 |
| Holy | suci | High | 1, 3, 6, 7, 13 |
| Saints | para suci | Medium | 1, 8, 9, 13 |
| Sanctification | pensucen | High | 7 |
| Glory | kamulyan | High | 1, 3, 4, 8 |
| Sin | dosa | High | 5, 11 |
| Gentiles | bangsa liya | Medium | (thematic — unity of Jew/Gentile background, ch. 8-9 collection) |
| Power of God | panguwaosipun Gusti Allah | Critical | 4, 6, 12, 13 |
| Jesus | Gusti Yesus | Critical | all chapters |
| God | Gusti Allah | Critical | all chapters |
| Holy Spirit | Roh Suci | Critical | 1, 3, 5, 6, 13 |
| Father | Rama | High | 1, 6, 13 |
| Lord | Gusti | High | all chapters |
| Fellowship | patunggilan | Low | 6, 8, 13 |
| Thanksgiving | pamuji sukur | Low | 1, 4, 9 |
| Church | pasamuwan | Medium | 1, 8, 11, 12 |
| Imputed righteousness | kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah | Critical | 5 (core passage, v. 21) |
| Exhort | pitutur | Low | 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13 |
| Covenant | prajanjian | High | 3 |
| Law | angger-anggering Toret | Medium | 3 |
| Messiah / Christ | Kristus (with Gusti Yesus Kristus in full confessional contexts) | Critical | all chapters |
Part B — New Terms for 2 Corinthians
B1. Reconciliation with God
| Term | Original / Transliteration | Proposed Javanese | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reconciliation (noun) | καταλλαγή / katallagē | pirukunan kaliyan Gusti Allah | Critical | Root word rukun collides directly with the Javanese social-harmony ethic of smoothing over conflict without addressing underlying guilt or requiring a costly payment. Every occurrence requires a teaching note: God, the offended party, initiates and personally bears the cost (v. 21) — this is not humans achieving social harmony through mutual accommodation. |
| Reconcile (verb) | καταλλάσσω / katallassō | ngrukunaken | Critical | Same caution as above; verb form used at 5:18-20. |
| Be reconciled (passive imperative) | καταλλάγητε / katallagēte | rukuna kaliyan Gusti Allah | Critical | Must preserve the passive sense — the appeal is to receive/accept a reconciliation God has already accomplished, not to achieve harmony through one’s own effort. |
| Ministry of reconciliation | διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς / diakonia tēs katallagēs | ayahan pirukunan | High | Uses baseline ayahan (ministry/service). |
| Message/word of reconciliation | λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς / logos tēs katallagēs | pangandikaning pirukunan | High | Content of gospel proclamation; connects to baseline Injil. |
| Not counting trespasses | λογιζόμενος / logizomenos (negated) | boten ngetang [kalepatanipun] | Critical | Mirror image of baseline imputed_righteousness; must use the same reckoning/accounting register for pedagogical parallelism. |
| Trespasses | παράπτωμα / paraptōma | panerak | Medium | Used alongside, not replacing, baseline dosa. |
| Ambassador | πρεσβεύω / presbeuō | duta | Medium-High | Must NOT be rendered utusan (reserved for the specific apostolic office in the baseline); duta preserves the diplomatic-envoy sense for every believer’s representative role. |
| Fear of the Lord | φόβος τοῦ κυρίου / phobos tou kyriou | ajrihipun dhateng Gusti | High | Reverential awe before Christ the Judge; avoid wedi, which carries folk-spiritual dread connotations. |
| Conscience | συνείδησις / syneidēsis | kalbu | High | Avoid bare rasa, which carries kejawen mystical-perception connotations (rasa sejati). |
| World (scope of reconciliation) | κόσμος / kosmos | jagad | Medium | Preserve unqualified universality per baseline escalation rules. |
B2. New Creation in Christ
| Term | Original / Transliteration | Proposed Javanese | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New creation | καινὴ κτίσις / kainē ktisis | titah enggal (wonten ing Gusti Kristus) | Critical | Danger of collapsing into titisan-style rebirth categories (forbidden in baseline for resurrection) or kejawen kasampurnan (self-attained mystical perfection). Must be taught as God’s unilateral, once-accomplished creative act in union with Christ. |
| In Christ | ἐν Χριστῷ / en Christō | wonten ing salebeting Gusti Kristus | High | Connects to baseline “Christian Identity in Christ” doctrine. |
| The old has passed away, the new has come | τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν, καινὰ γέγονεν | ingkang lami sampun kepungkur, ingkang enggal sampun rawuh | Medium | Must retain sense of decisive, one-time transition, not a repeatable/cyclical pattern. |
| According to the flesh | κατὰ σάρκα / kata sarka | miturut daging | Medium-High | An evaluative standard, not a denial of Christ’s real bodily humanity (protect baseline “Incarnation” and “Humanity of Christ” doctrines). |
| Transformed (into Christ’s image) | μεταμορφούμεθα / metamorphoumetha | kaéwahaken dados sami kaliyan gambaripun Gusti Kristus, déning Roh Suci | Critical | NEVER frame using manunggaling kawula gusti (forbidden baseline term for Incarnation). Spirit-wrought, progressive, relational — not mystical fusion or self-attained perfection. |
| Image of God | εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ / eikōn tou theou | gambaripun Gusti Allah | Critical | Connects to baseline Deity/Sonship of Christ doctrines. |
| Outer man / inner man | ἔξω ἄνθρωπος / ἔσω ἄνθρωπος | manungsa lair / manungsa ing salebeting (dipun-anyaraken déning Roh Suci) | High | Avoid bare batin, which risks importing kejawen kebatinan self-cultivation framework; always attach “renewed by the Holy Spirit.” |
| Eternal weight of glory | αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης | kamulyan ingkang langgeng tur abot | Low-Medium | Uses baseline kamulyan. |
| Tent / earthly dwelling | σκῆνος / oikia | kémah ing donya | Medium | Present mortal body. |
| Heavenly building/dwelling | οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ θεοῦ | griya ingkang saking Gusti Allah wonten ing swarga | Medium | Future resurrection body. |
| Judgment seat of Christ | βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ | kursi pangadilanipun Gusti Kristus | High | Evaluation for reward/service post-salvation, not a re-litigation of justification. |
B3. Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
| Term | Original / Transliteration | Proposed Javanese | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfort | παράκλησις / paraklēsis | panglipur | Medium | Shares root with baseline pitutur (exhort); flag for consistency review. |
| Affliction | θλῖψις / thlipsis | kasangsaran | Medium | Distinguish from misfortune warded off by slametan ritual practice. |
| Mercies | οἰκτιρμός / oiktirmos | kawelasan | Low | God’s tender compassion. |
| Afflicted but not crushed | θλιβόμενοι ἀλλ’ οὐ στενοχωρούμενοι | kasangsaran, nanging boten remuk | Low | Real suffering with real preservation. |
| Treasure in jars of clay | θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν | bandha ing wadhah lempung | Low-Medium | Connects to Power in Weakness theme. |
| Fragrance/aroma of Christ | ὀσμὴ Χριστοῦ / osmē Christou | gandaning Sang Kristus | Medium-High | Caution: avoid unintended association with kemenyan (ritual incense) practice; clarify as metaphor for gospel’s spiritual effect. |
| Triumphal procession | θριαμβεύω / thriambeuō | kaunggulanipun (kados pawai kaunggulan) | Medium | Cultural/clarity gap, not doctrinal collision; needs explanatory note. |
| Godly grief | κατὰ θεὸν λύπη | sedhih ingkang miturut Gusti Allah | Medium-High | Produces repentance, distinct from worldly grief. |
| Worldly grief | τοῦ κόσμου λύπη | sedhihing donya | Medium | Leads to death, not life. |
| Repentance | μετάνοια / metanoia | pamratobat | Medium-High | Spirit-wrought reorientation, not mere ritual remorse; shares root with widely used tobat. |
B4. The New Covenant versus the Old
| Term | Original / Transliteration | Proposed Javanese | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη / kainē diathēkē | prajanjian anyar | High | Uses baseline prajanjian; requires OT covenant-background teaching. |
| The letter (written code) | γράμμα / gramma | aksara ingkang tinulis | High | Contrasted with Roh Suci (baseline, Critical); do not frame as rejecting Torah’s original goodness. |
| The Spirit (life-giving) | πνεῦμα / pneuma | Roh Suci | Critical [BASELINE — REUSE EXACT] | See baseline entry. |
| Veil | κάλυμμα / kalymma | tabir | High | Reject kudhung due to collision with contemporary Islamic head-covering (jilbab) practice; tabir (curtain) avoids the collision. |
| Freedom | ἐλευθερία / eleutheria | kamardikan | Medium | Freedom in the Spirit, access to God. |
| Letters of recommendation | συστατικαὶ ἐπιστολαί | layang katrangan | Low | Standard descriptive term. |
| Temple of the living God | ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος | padaleman Gusti Allah ingkang gesang | High | NEVER candi (pre-Islamic Hindu-Buddhist temple structure) or punden (baseline-rejected village spirit-shrine term for church). |
B5. Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
| Term | Original / Transliteration | Proposed Javanese | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sincerity | εἰλικρίνεια / ἁπλότης | katulusan | Medium-High | Distinguish genuine inward motive from mere outward social propriety (unggah-ungguh, tata krama). |
| Peddling God’s word | καπηλεύω / kapēleuō | dodolan pangandikaning Gusti Allah | Medium | Warns against religious commercialization; useful contrast with fee-based paranormal practice. |
| Commending oneself | συνιστάνω / synistanō | ngaken-aken awak piyambak | Medium | Paul disclaims self-promotion. |
| False apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι / pseudapostoloi | utusan-utusan palsu | High | Uses baseline utusan stem. |
| Angel of light | ἄγγελος φωτός / angelos phōtos | malaékat pepadhang | Medium-High | Religiously sensitive; frame as a general warning against spiritual counterfeit. |
| Signs of an apostle | σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου | tandha-tandha kautusanipun | Medium | Authenticating evidence of genuine apostleship. |
| Messenger of Satan | ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ | kongkonanipun Iblis | Medium | Avoid utusanipun Iblis to prevent echo of baseline apostolic term utusan. |
| Visions and revelations | ὀπτασίαι καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις | pandeleng lan pambukaning Gusti Allah | Critical | FORBIDDEN: never wahyu — consistent with baseline’s rejection of wahyu for calling/election/glory/providence due to its Javanese royal-mandate-legitimacy connotation. |
| Third heaven | τρίτος οὐρανός | swarga ingkang kaping tiga | Low-Medium | Jewish cosmological category. |
| Paradise | παράδεισος / paradeisos | swarganing Gusti Allah | High | Avoid transliterated Firdaus (Quranic loanword with distinct Islamic eschatological content). |
| Christ in you | Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν | Gusti Kristus wonten ing salebeting panjenengan | High | Connects to baseline “Christian Identity in Christ.” |
| Restore | καταρτίζω / katartizō | dipuncocogaken malih / dipundandosi | Medium | Genuine repair, distinct from rukun-by-avoidance pattern. |
B6. Generosity and Grace in Giving
| Term | Original / Transliteration | Proposed Javanese | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace (enabling giving) | χάρις / charis | sih-rahmat | Critical [BASELINE — REUSE EXACT] | Divine-favor sense (8:1). |
| Generous giving (human act) | χάρις / charis (human-act sense) | peparing kanthi lila | Medium | Distinct human-response sense; do not conflate with the theological sih-rahmat. |
| Sincerity/genuineness of love | ἁπλότης / γνήσιον τῆς ἀγάπης | katulusanipun katresnan | Medium-High | See B5 sincerity caution. |
| Equality | ἰσότης / isotēs | pepadhan | Low | Fair balance of provision. |
| Collection/gift for the saints | λογεία / diakonia tēs leitourgias | pisumbang kagem para suci | High | Reject pisungsung (ritual tribute to a ruler or spirit-shrine); pisumbang is the neutral charitable-contribution term. |
| Cheerful giver | ἱλαρὸν δότην / hilaron dotēn | tiyang ingkang mènèhi kanthi bungah ing manah | Low-Medium | Joyful, uncompelled generosity. |
| Sowing and reaping | σπείρω / θερίζω | nyebar / derep | Medium | Not a prosperity-guarantee formula. |
| Sufficiency | αὐτάρκεια / autarkeia | cekap | Low | Contentment in God’s provision. |
B7. Power in Weakness
| Term | Original / Transliteration | Proposed Javanese | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Power made perfect in weakness | δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται | panguwaosipun Gusti Allah dados sampurna wonten ing kalemahan | Critical [uses BASELINE power_of_god term] | Direct inversion of kasekten logic; God’s power displayed through, not despite, human frailty — never an ascetic’s path to greater potency. |
| Weapons of warfare | ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας | gegamaning peprangan rohani | High | Avoid pusaka/keris-potency association; power is God’s own, not a magically empowered object. |
| Strongholds | ὀχυρώματα / ochyrōmata | beteng-beteng | Medium | Entrenched false reasoning. |
| Thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | eri ing daging | Medium | Deliberately unspecified in the original; do not over-specify in translation. |
| Boasting in weakness | καυχάομαι ἐν ταῖς ἀσθενείαις | ngalembana ing kalemahan (kagem Gusti) | High | See B8 boasting entry; paradoxical, ironic rhetorical strategy. |
B8. Genuine versus False Apostleship
| Term | Original / Transliteration | Proposed Javanese | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boasting (general) | καυχάομαι / καύχημα / καύχησις | gumunggung (negative) / ngalembana ing Gusti (positive, ironic) | High | Culturally jarring against Javanese andhap asor humility ethic; preserve Paul’s rhetorical irony rather than flattening into plain self-deprecation. |
| Godly jealousy | ζῆλος θεοῦ / zēlos theou | meri ingkang saking Gusti Allah | Medium | Protective zeal, not sinful envy; qualifying phrase required. |
| Betrothed as a pure virgin | παρθένον ἁγνήν / parthenon hagnēn | prawan suci ingkang badhé dipun-tuking | Medium | Corporate, eschatological bride-of-Christ image; culturally resonant, keep corporate sense clear. |
| Unequally yoked | ἑτεροζυγοῦντες / heterozygountes | sampun sami-sami kaiket kaliyan tiyang ingkang boten cocog imanipun | Low-Medium | Agrarian yoke-image translates naturally in Javanese farming culture. |
| Belial | Βελιάρ / Beliar | Iblis | Low | Shared name for Satan. |
| Set apart / separate | ἀφορίζω | (per baseline suci/holiness conventions) | High [BASELINE-aligned] | Not ascetic withdrawal (tapa/tirakat). |
B9. Trinitarian Benediction and Closing (Cross-Document Consistency Priority)
| Term | Original / Transliteration | Proposed Javanese | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace, love, fellowship (2 Cor 13:14) | χάρις / ἀγάπη / κοινωνία | sih-rahmatipun Gusti Yesus Kristus, saha katresnanipun Gusti Allah, tuwin patunggilanipun Roh Suci | High | Uses baseline sih-rahmat and patunggilan exactly; katresnan is the standard Javanese word for love. Flag for the same cross-document verbatim-consistency discipline the baseline applies to Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, and 10:9-10 — this benediction must render identically across every 2 Corinthians curriculum document. |
| Holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | salam suci (functional equivalent) | Low-Medium | Cultural-practical adaptation, not doctrinal; translator’s note recommended explaining the original greeting custom. |
| Examine/test yourselves | ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε / δοκιμάζετε | priksanen dhiri sampeyan piyambak | Low-Medium | Self-examination for genuine faith. |
Cross-Reference Note
Terms in Part A must be validated against translation_memory.json version at time of Phase 2 processing; any version mismatch must trigger a reload per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions. Terms in Part B are proposed additions and require doctrine-risk registry and translation-memory registration (with theologian sign-off for every Critical entry) before Phase 2 segment translation of 2 Corinthians may begin.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: sih-rahmat
Transliteration: sih-rahmat
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: kasekten, wahyu, utang budi
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. CRITICAL: Never kasekten, wahyu, or utang budi. In 2 Corinthians 8:1, 9:8, 12:9 this is God’s enabling favor; keep strictly distinct from the new term ‘generous_giving’ (peparing kanthi lila), the resulting human act, so the two are never conflated.
Salvation
Approved rendering: kaslametan
Transliteration: kaslametan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: karahayon
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, including the mandatory translator-note requirement distinguishing kaslametan from the slametan ritual meal. Occurs at 1:6, 6:2, 7:10 (‘godly grief produces a repentance that leads to salvation’).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasekten
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Anchors the whole ‘Power in Weakness’ doctrine group, especially 12:9 and 4:7. Never kasekten.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Sang Mesias
Transliteration: Sang Mesias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Satrio Piningit
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Never Satrio Piningit. Low-frequency but thematically present in 2 Corinthians 1:20’s promise-fulfillment typology.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: wungu saka pati
Transliteration: wungu saka pati
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: titisan, reinkarnasi
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Occurs at 2 Corinthians 4:14 (‘who raised the Lord Jesus will raise us also’) and 5:15 (‘died and was raised’). Never titisan or reinkarnasi.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Gusti Yesus
Transliteration: Gusti Yesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Nabi Isa
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Never Nabi Isa.
God
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah
Transliteration: Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Gusti (alone)
Original: θεός
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Never shortened to bare Gusti. EXTREME CARE at 2 Corinthians 4:4 where ‘the god of this age’ (ho theos tou aiōnos toutou) refers to Satan — must be rendered with the distinct phrase allah-alahaning jaman punika, never risking confusion with Gusti Allah himself.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Roh Suci
Transliteration: Roh Suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: dhemit, lelembut
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Central to the letter/Spirit contrast (3:6), the Spirit as guarantee/panjer (1:22, 5:5), and the closing Trinitarian benediction (13:14). Never dhemit or lelembut.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah
Transliteration: kabeneran kang kaanggep saking Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan kang digayuh
Original: ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Directly echoed at 5:21 (‘so that in him we might become the righteousness of God’) and mirrored in reverse at 5:19 (‘not counting their trespasses’). Both verses must use the same reckoning register in Javanese.
Christ
Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: Kristus
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW for the 2 Corinthians curriculum (not separately broken out in the Romans baseline, which registers only ‘messiah’). Transliterated per established Indonesian-archipelago Bible convention. Always paired with Gusti Yesus in full confessional contexts (Gusti Yesus Kristus) to preserve full Lordship and divine identity. Underlies ‘in Christ’ (5:17), ‘ambassadors for Christ’ (5:20), and ‘the love of Christ’ (5:14). Never used bare as a generic honorific title.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: pirukunan kaliyan Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pirukunan kaliyan Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: ngapura (forgive — too narrow), dados sakabat malih (become friends again — too weak, loses forensic/cosmic scope)
Original: καταλλαγή
Category: Reconciliation
CRITICAL: The root rukun is the paramount Javanese social-harmony value, typically pursued by mutual accommodation between both parties without one party bearing a costly payment for underlying guilt. Every occurrence requires an explicit teaching note: God, the offended party, initiates and personally bears the cost himself (5:21) — this is not humans achieving social harmony through mutual effort.
Reconcile
Approved rendering: ngrukunaken
Transliteration: ngrukunaken
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: καταλλάσσω
Category: Reconciliation
CRITICAL: Verb form used at 5:18-19, describing God’s own reconciling action through Christ. Same rukun-collision caution as the noun form applies at every occurrence.
Be Reconciled
Approved rendering: rukuna kaliyan Gusti Allah
Transliteration: rukuna kaliyan Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: καταλλάγητε
Category: Reconciliation
CRITICAL: Passive imperative (5:20) — must preserve the passive, received sense. Javanese grammar and cultural instinct both favor active, mutual harmony-restoring effort; surrounding teaching must make explicit this is an appeal to accept an already-finished divine act, not an instruction to personally smooth things over with God.
Not Counting Trespasses
Approved rendering: boten ngetang kalepatanipun
Transliteration: boten ngetang kalepatanipun
Doctrine: Imputed Righteousness (2 Corinthians 5:21)
Original: μὴ λογιζόμενος αὐτοῖς τὰ παραπτώματα
Category: Reconciliation
CRITICAL: Mirror image of the baseline imputed_righteousness. Must use the same reckoning/accounting register (kaanggep) so learners see the direct doctrinal parallel: God credits righteousness and does not debit trespasses — both unilateral, undeserved acts of sih-rahmat.
Died For All
Approved rendering: sampun séda kagem sedaya tiyang
Transliteration: sampun séda kagem sedaya tiyang
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Original: ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ πάντων
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: Core substitutionary atonement language (5:14). Must never be softened into a merely exemplary or sympathetic death. Overlaps the baseline’s Critical-tier atonement escalation rule (cf. Romans 3:25 handling).
Made To Be Sin
Approved rendering: Gusti Allah nganggep Panjenenganipun dados dosa
Transliteration: Gusti Allah nganggep Panjenenganipun dados dosa
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: Panjenenganipun nglampahi kasangsaran jalaran dosa (too sympathetic/exemplary)
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: The ‘great exchange’ (5:21). Uses the same anggep-reckoning register as the baseline’s kaanggep bener (justification), so the two-sided exchange is visible. Must never be softened to merely sympathetic suffering, nor overstated into a claim that Christ became morally sinful. Among the highest-risk phrases in the entire book.
New Creation
Approved rendering: titah enggal
Transliteration: titah enggal
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: manungsa anyar (acceptable only in explanatory paraphrase, never as the registered term)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: New Creation
CRITICAL: Always anchor with wonten ing salebeting Gusti Kristus (‘in Christ’) in the same clause, never as a bare standalone noun phrase — the anchoring is the fence against titisan-style rebirth categories and the kejawen ideal of kasampurnan (self-attained mystical perfection).
Transformed Into Christs Image
Approved rendering: kaéwahaken dados sami kaliyan gambaripun Gusti Kristus, déning Roh Suci
Transliteration: kaéwahaken dados sami kaliyan gambaripun Gusti Kristus, déning Roh Suci
Doctrine: Transformation into Christ’s Image
Rejected alternatives: manunggaling kawula gusti (FORBIDDEN — kejawen mystical fusion of self and Divine)
Original: μεταμορφούμεθα
Category: New Creation
CRITICAL: Must NEVER be framed using manunggaling kawula gusti, already forbidden in the baseline for Incarnation. Spirit-wrought, progressive, relational conformity to Christ’s image — not mystical absorption into the Divine or self-attained kasampurnan. The agent (Roh Suci) and the standard (Christ’s image) must never be dropped from the phrase.
Image Of God
Approved rendering: gambaripun Gusti Allah
Transliteration: gambaripun Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as the Image of God
Original: εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: Connects directly to the baseline’s Deity of Christ and Sonship of Christ doctrines. Must never be read as one image among several possible representations of the divine, and must never be visually or theologically confused with ‘the god of this age’ (Satan, 4:4), which shares the root allah.
Visions And Revelations
Approved rendering: pandeleng lan pambukaning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: pandeleng lan pambukaning Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Visions and Revelations
Rejected alternatives: wahyu (FORBIDDEN — royal mandate-light legitimacy connotation)
Original: ὀπτασίαι καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις
Category: Apostleship
CRITICAL FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never wahyu, even though it is the standard Indonesian Christian word for ‘revelation’ elsewhere. The baseline already forbids wahyu pipeline-wide (calling, election, glory, providence) for its Javanese royal-mandate-legitimacy connotation; the same discipline applies here (12:1).
Power Made Perfect In Weakness
Approved rendering: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah dados sampurna wonten ing kalemahan
Transliteration: panguwaosipun Gusti Allah dados sampurna wonten ing kalemahan
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: kasekten (FORBIDDEN — ascetic-earned spiritual potency)
Original: ἡ γὰρ δύναμίς [μου] ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται
Category: Power in Weakness
CRITICAL: Uses the baseline panguwaosipun Gusti Allah. The single most theologically loaded phrase for Javanese culture in this doctrine group — directly inverts the logic of kasekten (potency earned through ascetic hardship/self-denial). Must be taught as God’s own sovereign choice to display power through, not despite, human frailty (12:9).
High Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: kabeneran
Transliteration: kabeneran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kasampurnan
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Central to 2 Corinthians 5:21 (‘the righteousness of God’), 3:9, 6:7, 6:14, 9:9-10, 11:15.
Called
Approved rendering: katimbalan
Transliteration: katimbalan
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: wahyu
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Retained for 2 Corinthians 1:1 and passages alluding to divine calling of ministers.
Holy
Approved rendering: suci
Transliteration: suci
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: kramat
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Underlies ‘holy kiss’ (13:12), ‘set apart’ language (6:17), and ‘temple of the living God’ (6:16).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: pensucen
Transliteration: pensucen
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Connected to 7:1 (‘bringing holiness to completion’) and the ‘transformed into Christ’s image’ theme (3:18).
Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan
Transliteration: kamulyan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu, kasekten
Original: δόξα
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Central to the Moses/veil contrast (3:7-18), the ‘eternal weight of glory’ (4:17), and 4:4/4:6 (glory of Christ, image of God).
Sin
Approved rendering: dosa
Transliteration: dosa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: cemer
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Central to 5:21 (Christ ‘made to be sin’) and 5:19 (trespasses not counted).
Covenant
Approved rendering: prajanjian
Transliteration: prajanjian
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Modified by ‘new’ (anyar) throughout 2 Corinthians 3 to form the new-covenant term.
Father
Approved rendering: Rama
Transliteration: Rama
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Leluhur
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Occurs at 1:3 and the adoption-echoing citation at 6:18. Never Leluhur.
Lord
Approved rendering: Gusti
Transliteration: Gusti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ndara
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. High frequency throughout 2 Corinthians (3:16-18, 4:5, 5:11, 8:9, 10:17-18, 12:1, 13:14). Every occurrence needs context establishing exclusive divine Lordship.
Ministry Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: ayahan pirukunan
Transliteration: ayahan pirukunan
Doctrine: Ministry of Reconciliation
Original: διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
Uses the existing ministry/service register. The apostolic commission proclaims a finished divine act, not a mediating service brokering a social truce in the manner of a village elder restoring rukun.
Message Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: pangandikaning pirukunan
Transliteration: pangandikaning pirukunan
Doctrine: Ministry of Reconciliation
Original: λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
Directly tied to Injil (baseline gospel term). Content must remain the specific announcement of Christ’s finished reconciling work, not a general call to communal harmony.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: duta
Transliteration: duta
Doctrine: Ministry of Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: utusan (reserved exclusively for the apostolic office)
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Reconciliation
An established non-religious loanword for a diplomatic envoy. Must NOT be rendered utusan, which is reserved in the baseline for the specific commissioned apostolic office; duta preserves every believer’s representative function (5:20) without collapsing it into that distinct office.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ajrihipun dhateng Gusti
Transliteration: ajrihipun dhateng Gusti
Doctrine: The Fear of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: wedi (folk-spiritual dread connotation)
Original: φόβος τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Faith
Ordinary Javanese wedi carries folk-religious connotations of dread toward unseen spiritual danger (dhemit, roh alus); the krama term ajrih is safer, but every occurrence needs surrounding context establishing worshipful awe before Christ the Judge (5:10-11), not superstitious dread.
Conscience
Approved rendering: kalbu
Transliteration: kalbu
Doctrine: Sincerity of Ministry
Rejected alternatives: rasa (kejawen mystical-perception term, rasa sejati)
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
Avoid bare rasa, a loaded kejawen mystical term for the inner faculty perceiving ultimate/divine truth, central to kebatinan spiritual epistemology. Anchor kalbu with a modifying phrase (e.g., kalbu ingkang jujur) to keep the sense concretely moral, not mystical.
Knew No Sin
Approved rendering: ingkang boten nate nglampahi dosa
Transliteration: ingkang boten nate nglampahi dosa
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Original: τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν
Category: Christology
Christ’s sinlessness, the necessary condition for a valid substitution. Reuses baseline dosa. Must be kept adjacent to made_to_be_sin so the sinless-for-sinner exchange is not lost.
In Christ
Approved rendering: wonten ing salebeting Gusti Kristus
Transliteration: wonten ing salebeting Gusti Kristus
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: New Creation
Connects to the baseline’s Christian Identity in Christ doctrine; identity is located in union with Christ, never in mystical self-perfection (kasampurnan) or inherited priyayi social status.
According To The Flesh
Approved rendering: miturut daging
Transliteration: miturut daging
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: κατὰ σάρκα
Category: New Creation
An evaluative standard, not a denial of Christ’s real bodily humanity. Must not collapse into a statement about literal flesh/body, which would undercut the historicity of the Incarnation (cf. baseline Gusti Allah dados manungsa).
Outer Inner Man
Approved rendering: manungsa lair / manungsa ing salebeting, ingkang dipun-anyaraken déning Roh Suci
Transliteration: manungsa lair / manungsa ing salebeting, ingkang dipun-anyaraken déning Roh Suci
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: batin (bare, unqualified — FORBIDDEN without the Spirit-agency clause)
Original: ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος / ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος
Category: New Creation
Bare batin risks importing the kejawen kebatinan framework, where the batin is refined through personal ascetic/meditative discipline toward mystical attainment (including rasa sejati). The phrase ‘renewed by the Holy Spirit’ must always be attached; never drop it for brevity.
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: kursi pangadilanipun Gusti Kristus
Transliteration: kursi pangadilanipun Gusti Kristus
Doctrine: The Judgment Seat of Christ
Original: τὸ βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
Distinct from final condemnation — already-justified believers are evaluated for reward/service, not for salvation status. Requires a clarifying teaching note to avoid confusion with the already-secured doctrine of justification by faith (5:21).
Fragrance Of Christ
Approved rendering: gandaning Sang Kristus
Transliteration: gandaning Sang Kristus
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὀσμὴ Χριστοῦ
Category: Ministry
Burning incense (kemenyan) carries strong ritual-efficacy associations in kejawen spirit-veneration practice. Teaching must clarify this is a metaphor for the gospel’s spiritual effect (2:14-16), not a claim about ritual incense having inherent power.
Godly Grief
Approved rendering: sedhih ingkang miturut Gusti Allah
Transliteration: sedhih ingkang miturut Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Godly Grief and Repentance
Original: ἡ κατὰ θεὸν λύπη
Category: Ministry
Sorrow over sin that aligns with God’s perspective and produces genuine, life-giving repentance (7:10). Must be distinguished from mere social shame or ritual remorse; the distinction is carried by the passage’s own content (7:10-11), not by the vocabulary alone.
Repentance
Approved rendering: pamratobat
Transliteration: pamratobat
Doctrine: Godly Grief and Repentance
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Sanctification
Shares vocabulary with the widely used Islamic/Malay term tobat, which in surrounding usage can denote a one-time formal declaration of remorse. Must be taught as an inward, Spirit-wrought reorientation producing changed life direction, per 7:10-11’s own definition.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: prajanjian anyar
Transliteration: prajanjian anyar
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Uses baseline prajanjian. Requires explicit OT covenant-background teaching; must be distinguished from Islamic covenant concepts (perjanjian/mitsaq) that carry different theological content.
Letter Written Code
Approved rendering: aksara ingkang tinulis
Transliteration: aksara ingkang tinulis
Doctrine: The Letter and the Spirit
Original: τὸ γράμμα
Category: Covenant
Contrasted with Roh Suci (baseline, Critical). Must not be flattened into ‘law is bad, Spirit is good’ — the contrast is about a merely external code without the Spirit’s transforming power, not a rejection of Torah’s original goodness (cf. baseline angger-anggering Toret).
Veil
Approved rendering: tabir
Transliteration: tabir
Doctrine: The Veil and Spiritual Blindness
Rejected alternatives: kudhung (FORBIDDEN — contemporary Islamic head-covering association)
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
Never kudhung, which strongly evokes the contemporary Islamic head-covering (jilbab/kudhung) in Javanese Muslim usage and would create an unintended, sensitive association with a live religious-dress practice. Tabir (a curtain/screen) avoids this collision (3:13-16).
Temple Of Living God
Approved rendering: padaleman Gusti Allah ingkang gesang
Transliteration: padaleman Gusti Allah ingkang gesang
Doctrine: Temple of the Living God
Rejected alternatives: candi (FORBIDDEN — Hindu-Buddhist temple architecture), punden (FORBIDDEN — baseline-rejected village spirit-shrine term)
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
Never candi or punden. Padaleman (an honorific dwelling-place term) preserves the sense of the believing community as God’s corporate dwelling (6:16) without either collision.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: katulusan
Transliteration: katulusan
Doctrine: Sincerity of Ministry
Original: εἰλικρίνεια / ἁπλότης
Category: Apostleship
Javanese social life prizes external propriety and harmony maintenance (unggah-ungguh, tata krama), which can prize correct outward form over transparent inward motive; teaching must stress genuine inward motive, not correct social performance (1:12, 2:17, 4:2).
False Apostles
Approved rendering: utusan-utusan palsu
Transliteration: utusan-utusan palsu
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
Uses the baseline utusan stem so the contrast with genuine apostleship remains lexically visible (11:13).
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: malaékat pepadhang
Transliteration: malaékat pepadhang
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἄγγελος φωτός
Category: Apostleship
Uses vocabulary shared with Javanese Islamic usage (malaékat); religiously sensitive in a plural society. Must be taught as a general warning against spiritual counterfeit, never framed polemically against a specific outside religious tradition (11:14).
Paradise
Approved rendering: swarganing Gusti Allah
Transliteration: swarganing Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Visions and Revelations
Rejected alternatives: Firdaus (FORBIDDEN — Quranic loanword with distinct Islamic eschatological content)
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
Avoid the transliterated Firdaus, the standard Arabic/Quranic loanword for the highest garden of Islamic Paradise; using it risks importing distinct Quranic theological content into a Pauline text (12:4).
Christ In You
Approved rendering: Gusti Kristus wonten ing salebeting panjenengan
Transliteration: Gusti Kristus wonten ing salebeting panjenengan
Doctrine: Self-Examination and Assurance
Original: Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν
Category: New Creation
The indwelling presence of Christ as the mark of genuine faith (13:5); connects directly to the baseline’s Christian Identity in Christ doctrine.
Sincerity Of Love
Approved rendering: katulusanipun katresnan
Transliteration: katulusanipun katresnan
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἁπλότης / γνήσιον τῆς ἀγάπης
Category: Giving
Same unggah-ungguh/tata krama caution as ‘sincerity’ — Paul is testing genuine inward love, not merely correct social performance of generosity (8:8, 8:24).
Collection For Saints
Approved rendering: pisumbang kagem para suci
Transliteration: pisumbang kagem para suci
Doctrine: The Collection for the Saints
Rejected alternatives: pisungsung (FORBIDDEN — ritual tribute to a ruler or spirit-shrine)
Original: ἡ διακονία τῆς λειτουργίας ταύτης / λογεία
Category: Giving
Deliberately rejects pisungsung, used in Javanese culture for ritual tribute offered to a ruler (keraton) or presented at a spirit-shrine (punden) to secure favor or ward off misfortune. Pisumbang is the neutral, charitable-contribution term (8:4, 9:1, 9:12).
Weapons Of Warfare
Approved rendering: gegamaning peprangan rohani
Transliteration: gegamaning peprangan rohani
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare
Original: τὰ ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας
Category: Power in Weakness
The word gegaman (weapon) can evoke a pusaka (sacred heirloom weapon, e.g. keris) believed to carry inherent kasekten. Teaching must clarify this weapon is God’s own power (panguwaosipun Gusti Allah, never kasekten) at work through prayer and gospel proclamation (10:4).
Boasting In Weakness
Approved rendering: ngalembana ing kalemahan
Transliteration: ngalembana ing kalemahan
Doctrine: The Boasting Ethic
Original: καυχάομαι ἐν ταῖς ἀσθενείαις
Category: Power in Weakness
Paul’s paradoxical confidence placed entirely in his own weaknesses so that Christ’s power may be seen (12:9-10); a strategic, ironic rhetorical device, not a general model of self-deprecation.
Boasting General
Approved rendering: gumunggung / ngalembana ing Gusti
Transliteration: gumunggung / ngalembana ing Gusti
Doctrine: The Boasting Ethic
Original: καυχάομαι / καύχημα / καύχησις
Category: Apostleship
gumunggung = negative, self-glorying pride (avoid as a model); ngalembana ing Gusti = confidence placed in the Lord (Paul’s paradoxical positive sense). Javanese andhap asor humility ethic makes any boasting-language culturally uncomfortable; translators must preserve Paul’s rhetorical irony rather than flattening the passage into plain self-deprecation.
Set Apart Separate
Approved rendering: pisah saking pangibadah brahala (miturut suci)
Transliteration: pisah saking pangibadah brahala (miturut suci)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἀφορίζω
Category: Sanctification
Ethical and relational separation from idolatrous compromise, not physical withdrawal (6:17). Consistent with the baseline’s Separation unto God’s Service doctrine; must not be framed as ascetic withdrawal (tapa/tirakat).
Trinitarian Benediction
Approved rendering: sih-rahmatipun Gusti Yesus Kristus, saha katresnanipun Gusti Allah, tuwin patunggilanipun Roh Suci
Transliteration: sih-rahmatipun Gusti Yesus Kristus, saha katresnanipun Gusti Allah, tuwin patunggilanipun Roh Suci
Doctrine: Trinitarian Benediction
Original: ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: God
Uses baseline sih-rahmat and patunggilan exactly, plus the standard Javanese word for love, katresnan. Must render identically across every 2 Corinthians curriculum document, matching the cross-document consistency discipline applied to Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, and 10:9-10 (13:14).
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: kabar kabungahan
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Underlies the ‘ministry of reconciliation’ (5:18-20) and warnings against ‘peddling God’s word’ (2:17) and false gospels (11:4) in 2 Corinthians.
Faith
Approved rendering: pitados
Transliteration: pitados (krama); pracaya (ngoko)
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Occurs at 2 Corinthians 1:24, 4:13, 5:7 (‘walk by faith, not by sight’), 8:7, 10:15, 13:5.
Apostle
Approved rendering: utusan
Transliteration: utusan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: rasul
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Foundational for the whole ‘Genuine versus False Apostleship’ doctrine group (1:1, 8:23, 11:5, 11:13, 12:11-12). Must stay lexically distinct from the new terms ‘ambassador’ (duta) and ‘messenger of Satan’ (kongkonanipun Iblis).
Saints
Approved rendering: para suci
Transliteration: para suci
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Central to the ‘collection for the saints’ (8:4, 9:1, 9:12) — ordinary believers in Jerusalem, not a veneration-elite comparable to the Wali Songo.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: bangsa liya
Transliteration: bangsa liya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Thematic background to the Jerusalem collection (ch. 8-9).
Law
Approved rendering: angger-anggering Toret
Transliteration: angger-anggering Toret
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: hukum agami
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Underlies ‘the letter’ (gramma) of 2 Corinthians 3, engraved on stone tablets, anchored to Toret specifically, not a generic religious code.
Peace
Approved rendering: katentreman
Transliteration: katentreman
Doctrine: Peace with God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Opens 2 Corinthians 1:2 in the standard Pauline greeting ‘grace and peace’; must render identically to Romans’ greeting formula.
Adoption
Approved rendering: pengangkatan dadi putra
Transliteration: pengangkatan dadi putra
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Echoed at 6:18, an OT catena (‘I will be a father to you…’), reinforcing full, permanent filial status.
Mission
Approved rendering: pekabaran Injil
Transliteration: pekabaran Injil
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω / κηρύσσω
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Underlies Paul’s whole self-defense of his preaching ministry (ch. 10-11) and the sending of Titus and co-workers (8:16-24).
Church
Approved rendering: pasamuwan
Transliteration: pasamuwan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: punden
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Occurs throughout 2 Corinthians (1:1, 8:1, 8:19, 8:23, 11:8, 11:28, 12:13). Never punden.
Trespasses
Approved rendering: panerak
Transliteration: panerak
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
Used alongside — never replacing — the baseline dosa for the broader category of sin. Distinguishes the specific offenses removed in reconciliation.
World Kosmos
Approved rendering: jagad
Transliteration: jagad
Doctrine: Universal Scope of Reconciliation
Original: κόσμος
Category: Reconciliation
Must retain unqualified universality per the baseline’s Universal Scope of the Gospel escalation rule; do not narrow to a specific ethnic or social group.
Love Of Christ
Approved rendering: katresnanipun Gusti Kristus
Transliteration: katresnanipun Gusti Kristus
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
Standard, warm Javanese vocabulary for love; low collision risk, but context must keep the genitive as Christ’s own love for believers (subjective genitive), not vague generic piety.
Old Has Passed Away
Approved rendering: ingkang lami sampun kepungkur, ingkang enggal sampun rawuh
Transliteration: ingkang lami sampun kepungkur, ingkang enggal sampun rawuh
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν, ἰδοὺ γέγονεν καινά
Category: New Creation
Must retain finality; must not be read through the lens of cyclical, repeatable Javanese prophetic-era expectation patterns already flagged in the baseline for ‘Fulfillment of Prophecy’.
Eternal Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: kamulyan ingkang langgeng tur abot banget
Transliteration: kamulyan ingkang langgeng tur abot banget
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: New Creation
Uses the baseline kamulyan. Present suffering produces an incomparably greater, eternal glory (4:17).
Earthly Tent
Approved rendering: kémah ing donya
Transliteration: kémah ing donya
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: ἐπίγειος οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους
Category: New Creation
The present mortal body, pictured as a temporary tent-dwelling (5:1), contrasted with the future resurrection body.
Heavenly Dwelling
Approved rendering: griya ingkang saking Gusti Allah wonten ing swarga
Transliteration: griya ingkang saking Gusti Allah wonten ing swarga
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ θεοῦ … οἰκίαν … ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς
Category: New Creation
The believer’s future, permanent, God-given resurrection body (5:1-2).
Comfort
Approved rendering: panglipur
Transliteration: panglipur
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Ministry
Shares its root register with the baseline exhort term pitutur; reserve panglipur for the noun ‘comfort’ and pitutur for the verb ‘exhort/urge’ to avoid inconsistent Phase 2 alternation.
Affliction
Approved rendering: kasangsaran
Transliteration: kasangsaran
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Ministry
Distinct from misfortune warded off by slametan ritual practice (cf. baseline salvation note); affliction here is embraced and transformed by God’s comfort, not avoided through ritual precaution.
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: bandha ing wadhah lempung
Transliteration: bandha ing wadhah lempung
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: θησαυρὸν ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν
Category: Power in Weakness
The gospel’s surpassing power displayed through weak, ordinary human ministers (4:7); thematically connects to Power in Weakness.
Triumphal Procession
Approved rendering: kaunggulanipun (kados pawai kaunggulan)
Transliteration: kaunggulanipun (kados pawai kaunggulan)
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θριαμβεύω
Category: Ministry
No direct Javanese cultural equivalent to a Roman military triumph parade; a cultural/clarity gap, not a doctrinal collision. Requires an explanatory note (2:14).
Worldly Grief
Approved rendering: sedhihing donya
Transliteration: sedhihing donya
Doctrine: Godly Grief and Repentance
Original: ἡ τοῦ κόσμου λύπη
Category: Ministry
Sorrow focused only on loss or consequence, leading to death rather than change (7:10).
Freedom
Approved rendering: kamardikan
Transliteration: kamardikan
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Covenant
Where the Spirit is present, the veil is removed and believers have free access to God (3:17).
Peddling Gods Word
Approved rendering: dodolan pangandikaning Gusti Allah
Transliteration: dodolan pangandikaning Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Sincerity of Ministry
Original: καπηλεύω
Category: Apostleship
A useful contrast term (2:17), reinforcing gospel integrity when set against fee-based paranormal practices (e.g., paid dhukun services).
Commending Oneself
Approved rendering: ngaken-aken awak piyambak
Transliteration: ngaken-aken awak piyambak
Doctrine: Sincerity of Ministry
Original: συνιστάνω
Category: Apostleship
Paul disclaims self-promotion for its own sake, distinguishing his ministry from the false apostles (5:12).
Signs Of An Apostle
Approved rendering: tandha-tandha kautusanipun
Transliteration: tandha-tandha kautusanipun
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority
Original: τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου
Category: Apostleship
Uses the baseline utusan stem intentionally, unlike duta or kongkonanipun Iblis, because this phrase concerns the genuine apostolic office specifically (12:12).
Messenger Of Satan
Approved rendering: kongkonanipun Iblis
Transliteration: kongkonanipun Iblis
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: utusanipun Iblis (avoided to prevent echo of the baseline apostolic term utusan)
Original: ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ
Category: Power in Weakness
An afflicting agent permitted by God for Paul’s humility (12:7); deliberately avoids any visual/verbal echo of utusan.
Restore
Approved rendering: dipuncocogaken malih
Transliteration: dipuncocogaken malih
Doctrine: Restoration and Church Discipline
Original: καταρτίζω
Category: Church
To mend, equip, make complete — full relational and spiritual repair (13:11), not merely papering over conflict to preserve surface rukun.
Generous Giving
Approved rendering: peparing kanthi lila
Transliteration: peparing kanthi lila
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: χάρις (human-act sense)
Category: Giving
The distinct human-response sense of charis (8:6-7, 19). Must never be conflated with the theological sih-rahmat (God’s enabling favor, 8:1) — the giving itself is a response to grace, not identical with it.
Sowing And Reaping
Approved rendering: nyebar / derep
Transliteration: nyebar / derep
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Giving
Standard Javanese agrarian vocabulary; the image translates naturally (9:6). Must not be taught as a prosperity-guarantee ‘seed-faith’ formula.
Strongholds
Approved rendering: beteng-beteng
Transliteration: beteng-beteng
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare
Original: ὀχυρώματα
Category: Power in Weakness
Entrenched proud arguments and reasoning raised against the knowledge of God (10:4-5).
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: eri ing daging
Transliteration: eri ing daging
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power in Weakness
A God-permitted, persistent, deliberately unspecified affliction (12:7). Should not be over-specified in translation or teaching.
Godly Jealousy
Approved rendering: meri ingkang saking Gusti Allah
Transliteration: meri ingkang saking Gusti Allah
Doctrine: Godly Jealousy and Church Purity
Original: ζῆλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
Ordinary Javanese meri/cemburu has negative connotations (petty envy); the qualifying ‘saking Gusti Allah’ is required to mark this as righteous, protective zeal (11:2).
Betrothed Pure Virgin
Approved rendering: prawan suci ingkang badhé dipun-tuking
Transliteration: prawan suci ingkang badhé dipun-tuking
Doctrine: Godly Jealousy and Church Purity
Original: ἡγγυησάμην … παρθένον ἁγνήν
Category: Church
The church corporately as Christ’s bride-to-be (11:2). Culturally resonant given Javanese marriage/purity customs; keep the corporate, eschatological sense clear, not an individual literal application.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: sampun sami-sami kaiket kaliyan tiyang ingkang boten cocog imanipun
Transliteration: sampun sami-sami kaiket kaliyan tiyang ingkang boten cocog imanipun
Doctrine: Fellowship and Unity
Original: ἑτεροζυγοῦντες
Category: Church
Javanese agrarian culture (paired plow-oxen) makes the underlying image accessible (6:14); risk is primarily clarity, not doctrinal collision.
Examine Yourselves
Approved rendering: priksanen dhiri sampeyan piyambak
Transliteration: priksanen dhiri sampeyan piyambak
Doctrine: Self-Examination and Assurance
Original: ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε / δοκιμάζετε
Category: Sanctification
A call to verify one’s own genuine standing in the faith (13:5), not a call to self-generated assurance apart from Christ’s indwelling presence.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: patunggilan
Transliteration: patunggilan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: kekancan
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Occurs at 6:14 (contrasted with unequal yoking) and 13:14 (Trinitarian benediction’s climactic term for the Holy Spirit’s ministry).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: pamuji sukur
Transliteration: pamuji sukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Occurs at 1:11, 4:15, 9:11-12 (thanksgiving arising from the generosity of the collection).
Exhort
Approved rendering: pitutur
Transliteration: pitutur
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE: reused exactly, no modification permitted. Shares its root with the new term ‘comfort’ (paraklēsis, panglipur) throughout chapters 1, 2, and 7; also underlies God’s appeal ‘through us’ at 5:20. Reserve pitutur for the verb sense (exhort/urge); reserve panglipur for the noun sense (comfort).
Mercies
Approved rendering: kawelasan
Transliteration: kawelasan
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Comfort
Original: οἰκτιρμός
Category: God
God’s tender, fatherly compassion, the source of all comfort (1:3).
Afflicted Not Crushed
Approved rendering: kasangsaran, nanging boten remuk
Transliteration: kasangsaran, nanging boten remuk
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θλιβόμενοι ἀλλ’ οὐ στενοχωρούμενοι
Category: Ministry
Real suffering coexisting with real divine preservation (4:8-9) — not exemption from hardship but sustenance within it.
Letters Of Recommendation
Approved rendering: layang katrangan
Transliteration: layang katrangan
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority
Original: συστατικαὶ ἐπιστολαί
Category: Apostleship
Standard ancient written credentials introducing/commending a traveling minister (3:1).
Third Heaven
Approved rendering: swarga ingkang kaping tiga
Transliteration: swarga ingkang kaping tiga
Doctrine: Visions and Revelations
Original: τρίτος οὐρανός
Category: Eschatology
The highest heaven, God’s own dwelling, into which Paul was caught up (12:2).
Equality
Approved rendering: pepadhan
Transliteration: pepadhan
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Giving
A just balance between those with abundance and those in need (8:13-14).
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: tiyang ingkang mènèhi kanthi bungah ing manah
Transliteration: tiyang ingkang mènèhi kanthi bungah ing manah
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρὸν δότην
Category: Giving
Joyful, uncompelled generosity that God delights in (9:7).
Sufficiency
Approved rendering: cekap
Transliteration: cekap
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Giving
God’s grace providing all that is needed for contented, generous living (9:8).
Belial
Approved rendering: Iblis
Transliteration: Iblis
Doctrine: Fellowship and Unity
Original: Βελιάρ
Category: Church
A name for Satan (6:15), highlighting total incompatibility between Christ and Satan’s realm; matches established shared vocabulary.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: salam suci
Transliteration: salam suci
Doctrine: Fellowship and Unity
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
Functional equivalent, since kissing is not a customary Javanese greeting gesture (13:12). A translator’s note explaining the original custom is recommended.
Referenced passages